US20090154567A1 - In-loop fidelity enhancement for video compression - Google Patents

In-loop fidelity enhancement for video compression Download PDF

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US20090154567A1
US20090154567A1 US12/203,933 US20393308A US2009154567A1 US 20090154567 A1 US20090154567 A1 US 20090154567A1 US 20393308 A US20393308 A US 20393308A US 2009154567 A1 US2009154567 A1 US 2009154567A1
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Prior art keywords
fidelity enhancement
block
video frame
discrepancy
modeling
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Abandoned
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US12/203,933
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Shaw-Min Lei
Yu-Wen Huang
Xun Guo
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MediaTek Inc
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MediaTek Inc
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Priority to US12/203,933 priority Critical patent/US20090154567A1/en
Assigned to MEDIATEK INC. reassignment MEDIATEK INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GUO, XUN, HUANG, YU-WEN, LEI, SHAW-MIN
Priority to CN2008101871199A priority patent/CN101459847B/zh
Priority to CN201010567188.XA priority patent/CN101998121B/zh
Priority to EP18166914.4A priority patent/EP3383048B1/en
Priority to EP08859579.8A priority patent/EP2229780A4/en
Priority to JP2010532418A priority patent/JP5312468B2/ja
Priority to KR1020127007472A priority patent/KR101224554B1/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2008/073480 priority patent/WO2009074117A1/en
Priority to KR1020107009894A priority patent/KR101169447B1/ko
Publication of US20090154567A1 publication Critical patent/US20090154567A1/en
Priority to US14/614,422 priority patent/US10327010B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/80—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
    • H04N19/82—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/119—Adaptive subdivision aspects, e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/46—Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
    • H04N19/86—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
    • H04N19/86—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness
    • H04N19/865—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving reduction of coding artifacts, e.g. of blockiness with detection of the former encoding block subdivision in decompressed video
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/96—Tree coding, e.g. quad-tree coding

Definitions

  • the present invention cites the article “ Transmission of post - filter hints for video coding schemes ”, by Stephen Wittmann and Thomas Wedi, in Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP2007), and European Patent No. EP 1 841 230 A1, which are included herein as reference.
  • Next generation video coding methods aim to achieve maximum efficiency by compressing data as much as possible. If data can be significantly compressed then high quality video can be streamed and delivered over bandwidth limited networks.
  • the H.264/AVC coding standard is one example of a video coding standard.
  • the H.264 standard combines block motion compensation with transform coding. Transform coding removes spatial redundancy within a frame, whereas block motion compensation removes redundancy between frames.
  • Video coding is performed in four parts: prediction, transformation, quantization and entropy coding.
  • prediction can consist of intra prediction, which refers to pixels in the same frame, and inter prediction, which refers to pixels in a preceding frame. Transformation changes prediction residues into coefficients in order to compact the energy of residues toward low frequency bands.
  • Quantization divides transform coefficients of a frame by a value with rounding to a representation of a smaller number of bit-depth in order to further reduce the number of bits a frame can be represented by.
  • the final stage, entropy coding involves lossless representation of quantized transform coefficients and other parameters.
  • the decoding side performs the inverse of these operations to generate reconstructed pixels.
  • Both decoding and encoding processes include a closed loop wherein encoded/decoded macroblocks of a frame are reconstructed and then input back to a prediction unit for generating coding information of a next frame. Utilizing the reconstructed frame rather than the original frame for predicting the following frames prevents drift between frames.
  • the H.264 standard utilizes both intra prediction and inter prediction, and performs block based coding.
  • Dividing a frame into macroblocks and separately coding each macroblock can give rise to artifacts created at block edges; i.e. there are visible divisions between blocks as the coding modes or motion vectors of neighboring blocks are usually different.
  • most block-based coding techniques include a deblocking filter in the closed coding loop. This deblocking filter can alleviate the artifacts at block edges, but cannot remove quantization errors within blocks. When coding is performed utilizing large quantization values at high fidelity, the deblocking filter alone is not sufficient.
  • a Wiener filter works by removing noise components from a coded signal in order to bring the noisy coded signal closer to the original signal.
  • a signal s When a signal s is input to a typical system, it will be disturbed to some degree resulting in a signal s′ that differs from the original signal s. This is the result of additive noise.
  • the purpose of the Wiener filter is to minimize the mean square error between these two signals so that the resultant filtered signal ⁇ is closer to the original signal s than to the disturbed signal s′.
  • the Wiener filter operates by generating cross correlation matrices utilizing filter coefficients and auto-correlation matrices.
  • European Patent No. EP 1 841 230 A1 teaches a Wiener filter implemented both at the encoder and at the decoder side.
  • the Wiener filter is therefore able to first generate the cross-correlation matrix, encoder parameters associated with the matrix, and embed these parameters in the bitstream and send them to the decoder for decoding, where they can be utilized to reduce quantization errors in a decoded frame, ensuring higher fidelity.
  • the present invention aims to improve on the system provided in the above-mentioned European Patent Application, by introducing a plurality of fidelity enhancement methods and apparatus, implemented both at the encoder and at the decoder side.
  • An encoder for receiving a video frame and performing encoding processes to generate an encoded bitstream comprises: a fidelity enhancement block, for performing a first fidelity enhancement technique on the processed data optionally utilizing a quad-tree partition, and generating fidelity enhancement information including at least one parameter associated with the first fidelity enhancement technique; and an entropy coding block, coupled to the fidelity enhancement block, for encoding the fidelity enhancement information, and embedding the encoded fidelity enhancement information into the encoded bitstream.
  • a first method for coding a video frame comprises: receiving a video frame; utilizing a quad-tree partition method to determine how to partition the current frame; partitioning the current frame according to a determination result, and then performing Wiener filtering on the current frame to generate Wiener filtering parameters; and encoding the video frame with the Wiener filtering parameters to generate an encoded bitstream.
  • a second method for coding a video frame comprises: receiving a video frame; performing fidelity enhancement on the processed data to generate fidelity enhancement information; encoding the received bitstream to generate an encoded bitstream; encoding the fidelity enhancement information, and embedding the encoded fidelity enhancement information into a tail of the encoded bitstream; and generating a pointer indicating the location of the fidelity enhancement information in the bitstream, and placing the pointer in the header of the encoded bitstream.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an encoder according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a decoder according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of an encoder according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a decoder according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of an encoder according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of a decoder according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of an encoder according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of a decoder according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating multi-level quad-tree partition.
  • the present invention aims to expand on the Wiener filtering in the encoder, by providing a plurality of fidelity enhancement methods, wherein information relating to these fidelity enhancement methods will be encoded and embedded in the bitstream.
  • the embedded fidelity enhancement information is retrieved and utilized at the decoder side to perform fidelity enhancement on the processed data. This not only enables reduction of quantization errors, but also ensures increased overall quality of the restored video frame, as many different techniques can be carried out on the processed data and many different placements of the fidelity enhancement block at both the encoder and decoder side ensures parity of enhancement.
  • fidelity enhancement methods to enhance fidelity by canceling errors
  • examples of the fidelity enhancement method include, but are not limited to, Kalman filtering, noise reduction, deblurring, Wiener filtering, regression, regularization, and various discrepancy modeling such as DC offset (zero order), weighted prediction (first order, e.g. ax+b), spatial prediction, for example, higher order prediction (e.g.
  • fidelity enhancement techniques can be performed on the processed data at a number of stages in the encoder.
  • the following disclosure provides four exemplary embodiments, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited to these four embodiments.
  • modifications wherein more than one fidelity enhancement block is located in the encoder (and at corresponding locations in the decoder) also fall within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention further provides a plurality of ways of performing said fidelity enhancement techniques, as well as a new bitstream syntax.
  • the present invention performs fidelity enhancement utilizing a quad-tree partition method on the processed data.
  • fidelity enhancement can be performed in such a way as to minimize the cost function.
  • a minimum of quantization errors are present in one half of the frame, and therefore less extensive calculations are required.
  • a large number of quantization errors are present, and therefore more extensive calculations are required to minimize the quantization errors.
  • Quad-tree partition therefore provides an adaptive fidelity enhancement method by utilizing cost function analysis to determine the best way to partition the frame.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of a video frame 900 with quad-tree partition.
  • Processed data of the video frame 900 are provided to a fidelity enhancement block, for example, a Wiener filter, and the fidelity enhancement block first determines a quad-tree partition structure based on cost function comparison.
  • the fidelity enhancement block may employ a top-down splitting algorithm, bottom-up merging algorithm, or any kind of order, to sequentially calculate a cost function corresponding to each candidate quad-tree partition structure, in order to determine the quad-tree partition structure with a minimum cost.
  • the video frame 900 is first divided into four first-level parts, a cost function corresponding to an un-divided frame and a cost function corresponding to the four first-level parts (the divided frame) are compared, and the partition obeys the one with the smaller cost function. If the latter cost function is smaller, each of the first-level parts is further divided into four second-level parts, and cost functions corresponding to the un-divided and divided first-level part are compared to determine whether this first-level part needs to be split.
  • the video frame 900 in FIG. 9 shows two first-level parts, at the bottom left and top right of the frame, which are not further divided into second-level parts, however, the other two first-level parts are further divided. Similarly, each of the second-level part is divided into third-level parts and cost functions are compared, and this top-down splitting algorithm terminates when a predetermined partition level is approached.
  • the fidelity enhancement block starts calculating cost functions of smallest parts, for example, for third-level parts, a cost function corresponding to four third-level parts is compared with a cost function corresponding to a larger area composed of these four third-level parts.
  • the four third-level parts are merged into a second-level part if the latter cost function is lower.
  • Four second-level parts can also merged into a first-level part after cost function comparison.
  • the quad-tree partition structure finally determined by the fidelity enhancement block can be one of the fidelity enhancement information that will be embedded in the bitstream at the entropy coding stage.
  • each calculation result for a smaller region can be fully reused by a larger region containing the smaller one.
  • Such a reuse method can be applied to both the bottom-up merging and top-down splitting algorithms. Calculation results corresponding to smaller regions can be computed first, and these calculation results can then be reused for calculation of the larger region.
  • filter parameters including cross-correlation and auto-correlation matrices are generated.
  • the present invention therefore, provides a reuse method for this Wiener filtering wherein cross-correlation and auto-correlation matrices for a smaller area are reused for a larger area, when filtering is performed on the larger area composed of the smaller area. This saves on calculation time.
  • Fidelity enhancement parameters are usually encoded and embedded in the tail of the encoded bitstream.
  • fidelity enhancement parameters in the tail of the bitstream means that the decoder cannot start performing fidelity enhancement until the tail of the bitstream is decoded
  • some conventional methods place fidelity enhancement information in the header. This method, however, requires re-catenation of the bitstream.
  • the present invention therefore, still embeds fidelity enhancement information in the tail of the bitstream, but places a pointer in the header to indicate the location of the fidelity enhancement information in the bitstream. For example, the pointer can give information concerning the number of bits between the header and the tail.
  • the decoder can search for the fidelity enhancement information as soon as the pointer (in the header) is decoded, and the decoder can therefore start performing fidelity enhancement much faster than if the decoder had to decode the whole bitstream before obtaining the fidelity enhancement parameters.
  • the fidelity enhancement parameters do not necessarily have to be embedded in the tail of the bitstream and the pointer can refer to any information that is stored at any point in the bitstream, as the pointer is modified by the encoder, and is therefore an adaptive pointer.
  • fidelity enhancement block At least one or all of these methods can be utilized by the fidelity enhancement block detailed above.
  • the following diagrams will illustrate various locations of the fidelity enhancement block, and further explain the operation of the fidelity enhancement block.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an encoder 100 comprising a fidelity enhancement (FE) block 160 .
  • the encoder 100 comprises an intra prediction block 110 , an inter (ME/MC) prediction block 120 , a subtractor 132 , a transform block 134 , a quantization block 136 , an inverse transform block 142 , an inverse quantization block 138 , a reconstruction unit 170 , a deblocking unit 140 , a reference frame buffer 130 and an entropy coding unit 180 .
  • the fidelity enhancement block 160 Apart from the fidelity enhancement block 160 , the other components of the encoder 100 are well-known to those skilled in the art, and therefore the function and operation of these components will not be detailed here.
  • the fidelity enhancement block 160 receives processed data of one or more reference frames from the reference frame buffer 130 , reduces discrepancy between the processed data of the reference frame and data of a current frame, and provides compensated processed data to the inter (ME/MC) prediction block for prediction.
  • the fidelity enhancement block 160 can perform at least one of the above-listed fidelity enhancement methods, at block, slice or quad-tree level.
  • the fidelity enhancement block 160 can also utilize one or more of the above-listed methods when performing fidelity enhancement and generating FE associated parameters. In other words, the FE block 160 as disclosed in FIG.
  • the generated FE information can be embedded into the tail of the encoded bitstream while utilizing the adaptive pointer in the header of the encoded bitstream to notify the decoder of the location of the fidelity enhancement information in the bitstream.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a decoder 200 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the decoder 200 also includes a fidelity enhancement block 270 in a corresponding location to the FE block 160 in the encoder 100 . This ensures that fidelity enhancement information generated by the encoder 100 can be optimally utilized by the decoder 200 .
  • the decoder 200 further comprises an entropy decoding unit 240 , an intra prediction block 210 , a motion compensation (MC) unit 220 , a reference frame buffer 230 , an inverse quantization block 256 , an inverse transform block 242 , a reconstruction unit 250 and a deblocking unit 260 .
  • MC motion compensation
  • the entropy decoding unit 240 retrieves residues and information such as fidelity enhancement information from a received bitstream. In some embodiments, the entropy decoding unit 240 obtains a pointer indicating the location of the fidelity enhancement information in the received bitstream while decoding a header. The fidelity enhancement block 270 then receives the fidelity enhancement information from the entropy decoding unit 240 and conducts fidelity enhancement on processed data of one or more reference frames stored in the reference frame buffer. In some embodiments, the fidelity enhancement information comprises information representing a specific quad-tree partition structure, and the fidelity enhancement block performs filtering or discrepancy modeling according to the specific quad-tree partition structure.
  • FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are, respectively, diagrams of an encoder 300 and decoder 400 according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the encoder 300 and decoder 400 each include an FE block 160 , 270 .
  • the FE block 160 of the encoder 300 located after the deblocking unit 140 is utilized to reduce errors between processed data of a current frame and original data (i.e. unprocessed data) of the current frame, and generate compensated processed data.
  • the compensated processed data from the FE block 160 is stored in the reference frame buffer 130 . It should be noted that the operation and function of each block shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are the same as the respective blocks shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , and therefore all numerals have been kept the same.
  • FIGS. 5 ⁇ 8 are diagrams of, respectively, an encoder 500 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, a decoder 600 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, an encoder 700 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, and a decoder 800 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the difference between each embodiment is the location of the FE block.
  • the FE block in each diagram is capable of performing fidelity enhancement techniques including Wiener filtering.
  • quad-tree partition is employed, and the reuse method can further reduce the calculation time.
  • each disclosed encoder is capable of utilizing an adaptive pointer in the header of the encoded bitstream for indicating the location of the fidelity enhancement information in the bitstream.
  • the FE block 160 performs fidelity enhancement on processed data of a current frame to reduce errors introduced by the transform block 134 , quantization block 136 , inverse quantization block 138 , and inverse transform block 142 processes.
  • the FE block 160 performs fidelity enhancement on processed data of a current frame to reduce errors introduced by the quantization block 136 and inverse quantization block 138 processes.
  • the disclosed FE block is not limited to the single location disclosed in the above diagrams, and that an encoder and decoder comprising a plurality of FE blocks in a plurality of locations is also within the scope of the present invention. It is also possible for each FE block in the encoder and decoder to perform different fidelity enhancement methods. It should further be appreciated that it is not necessary for the FE blocks to perform all the above-disclosed methods (pointer in bitstream indicating location of FE information, quad-tree partition, re-use of calculation result in quad-tree partition, etc.) and an FE block that only performs some or one of the above-disclosed fidelity enhancement techniques also falls within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention expands on the idea of utilizing Wiener filtering at the encoding side and embedding pertinent filtering information into the encoded bitstream by providing a plurality of fidelity enhancement techniques at the encoder side, wherein pertinent information will similarly be embedded in the encoded bitstream.
  • the present invention also provides a method for performing fidelity enhancement such as Wiener filtering on a frame divided according to quad-tree partition, as well as re-use of calculation results.
  • the present invention provides means for a decoder to instantly access the FE information even when it is not embedded in the header of the bitstream, by providing a pointer in the header of the bitstream for indicating location of the FE information.

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US12/203,933 2007-12-13 2008-09-04 In-loop fidelity enhancement for video compression Abandoned US20090154567A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/203,933 US20090154567A1 (en) 2007-12-13 2008-09-04 In-loop fidelity enhancement for video compression
KR1020107009894A KR101169447B1 (ko) 2007-12-13 2008-12-12 비디오 압축용 루프내 충실도 향상
EP08859579.8A EP2229780A4 (en) 2007-12-13 2008-12-12 IN-LOOP PLAYBACK REINFORCEMENT FOR COMPRESSING VIDEO CONTENT
CN201010567188.XA CN101998121B (zh) 2007-12-13 2008-12-12 编码器、解码器、视频帧编码方法及比特流解码方法
EP18166914.4A EP3383048B1 (en) 2007-12-13 2008-12-12 In-loop fidelity enhancement for video compression
CN2008101871199A CN101459847B (zh) 2007-12-13 2008-12-12 编码器、解码器、视频帧编码方法及比特流解码方法
JP2010532418A JP5312468B2 (ja) 2007-12-13 2008-12-12 ビデオ圧縮のためのループ内忠実度の向上
KR1020127007472A KR101224554B1 (ko) 2007-12-13 2008-12-12 비디오 압축용 루프내 충실도 향상
PCT/CN2008/073480 WO2009074117A1 (en) 2007-12-13 2008-12-12 In-loop fidelity enhancement for video compression
US14/614,422 US10327010B2 (en) 2007-12-13 2015-02-05 In-loop fidelity enhancement for video compression

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US5482008P 2008-05-21 2008-05-21
US12/203,933 US20090154567A1 (en) 2007-12-13 2008-09-04 In-loop fidelity enhancement for video compression

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CN101998121A (zh) 2011-03-30
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US20150146782A1 (en) 2015-05-28
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