US20080209892A1 - Method for the closed-loop control of the regeneration of a particle filter - Google Patents

Method for the closed-loop control of the regeneration of a particle filter Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080209892A1
US20080209892A1 US12/040,386 US4038608A US2008209892A1 US 20080209892 A1 US20080209892 A1 US 20080209892A1 US 4038608 A US4038608 A US 4038608A US 2008209892 A1 US2008209892 A1 US 2008209892A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
internal combustion
combustion engine
particle filter
closed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US12/040,386
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English (en)
Inventor
Christian Post
Stefan Motz
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Assigned to ROBERT BOSCH GMBH reassignment ROBERT BOSCH GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: POST, CHRISTIAN, MOTZ, STEFAN
Publication of US20080209892A1 publication Critical patent/US20080209892A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/026—Glow plug actuation during engine operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for the closed-loop control of the regeneration of a particle filter in the exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine, wherein the burn-off of particles in the particle filter is controlled during a regeneration process by means of a closed-loop control of the oxygen content of the exhaust gas and/or wherein the temperature of the exhaust gas or of at least one component of an exhaust gas after-treatment system is controlled in a closed loop.
  • the nominal value (LAS) can be specified in such a way that a specified burn-off speed of the particles of a particle filter contained in the exhaust gas after-treatment system is reached and/or that a specified temperature of the exhaust gas after-treatment system is reached.
  • the burn-off rate of the soot particles and consequently the temperature increase in the particle filter, which is caused by the exothermal progression of the reaction can be effectively controlled.
  • a limitation of the maximum temperatures occurring during a regeneration phase is particularly necessary if in comparison to standard materials, such as carbon silicide, more cost effective materials, such as cordierite, are resorted to in production. This results from the fact that these materials have a smaller thermal load capacity. Therefore, when such cost effective materials are involved during the regeneration, the temperature of the particle filter may not exceed a maximum value of approximately 850° C. to 1000° C.
  • a device for the open-loop control of an exhaust gas after-treatment system, especially a particle filter, of an internal combustion engine is additionally described with wherewithal, which specifies a nominal value (LAS) for a lambda signal (L) or a change in a lambda signal (L), with wherewithal, which acquires an actual value for the lambda signal (L) or for a change in the lambda signal (L), and with wherewithal, which based on the comparison between the actual value and the nominal value (LAS) of the lambda signal (L) or on the change in the lambda signal (L), specifies a gating signal for an actuator, with which the reaction in the exhaust gas after-treatment system can be controlled in an open loop in such a way that the actual value approaches the nominal value.
  • LAS nominal value
  • the quantity of oxygen in the exhaust gas can be influenced by means of the actuator.
  • the actuator can be embodied as an exhaust gas recirculation valve, a throttle valve or embodied to influence an exhaust gas turbo charger; or it can be a fuel metering system, which at least performs an afterinjection into the internal combustion engine.
  • the task is thereby solved, in that corrective controller actions to control the oxygen content in the exhaust gas in a closed loop and/or the temperature of components of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system take place only when stable combustion conditions of the internal combustion engine exist.
  • the corrective controller action does not lead, for example, to an inadmissibly high emission of uncombusted hydrocarbons.
  • an exothermal reaction which proceeds too powerfully in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system of the internal combustion engine, especially in an oxidation catalytic converter, is not brought about by the corrective controller action.
  • the stability of the engine rotational speed allows for the direct acquisition of the stability of the combustion of the internal combustion engine. If the shapelessness of the engine rotational speed exceeds a specified threshold value, a stability of combustion is suggested, which is insufficient for exhaust gas aftertreatment corrective actions. At the same time the engine rotational speed is generally already made available to an overriding open-loop control of the internal combustion engine.
  • the method particularly allows itself to be advantageously employed for the closed-loop control of the regeneration of particle filters with a body material of cordierite.
  • the manufacturing costs of particle filters can be significantly reduced through the utilization of cordierite as the particle filter material. This requires the exact maintenance of the maximum temperature load on the particle filter and in so doing the employment of lambda and temperature controllers.
  • FIG. 1 in schematic depiction the technical environment, in which the invention can be employed
  • FIG. 2 a first diagram of the combustion stability as a function of the glow heating phase
  • FIG. 3 a second diagram with a pattern of a lambda signal as a function of the glow heating phase
  • FIG. 4 a third diagram with a time history of a lambda controller quantity as a function of the glow heating phase
  • FIG. 5 a fourth diagram with a temperature curve of an oxidation catalytic converter as a function of a corrective controller action.
  • FIG. 1 shows in schematic depiction the technical environment, wherein the invention can be employed.
  • An internal combustion engine 10 is depicted in the form of a diesel engine with a fuel-delivery control system 11 , an air intake manifold 20 , in which a supply air stream 21 is carried, and an exhaust gas duct 30 , in which an exhaust gas stream 32 of the internal combustion engine 10 is carried.
  • a compression stage 23 of a turbocharger 22 and a throttle valve 24 are disposed along the air intake manifold 20 in the direction of flow of the supply air stream 21 .
  • An exhaust gas recirculation 25 connects the air intake manifold 20 with the exhaust gas duct 30 via an exhaust gas recirculation valve 26 .
  • an exhaust gas turbine 31 of the turbocharger 22 is depicted as well as a first lambda probe 43 , a fuel delivery 45 , an oxidation catalytic converter 41 in the form of a diesel oxidation catalytic converter, a second lambda probe 44 , as well as a particle filter 42 in the form of a diesel particle filter as component parts of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system 40 .
  • At least one of the two lambda probes 43 , 44 is required to implement the invention.
  • Fresh air is supplied to the internal combustion engine 10 via the air intake manifold 20 .
  • the fresh air is compressed by the compression stage 23 of the turbocharger 22 .
  • the compression stage 23 is driven by the exhaust gas stream 32 via the exhaust gas turbine 31 .
  • the air quantity supplied can be adjusted by the throttle valve 24 .
  • exhaust gas from the exhaust gas duct 30 is admixed with the supply air stream 21 by way of the exhaust gas recirculation 25 in quantities dependent on the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 10 .
  • the exhaust gas recirculation rate can at the same time be adjusted with the aid of the exhaust gas recirculation valve 26 .
  • Toxic emissions emitted by the internal combustion engine 10 are converted, respectively filtered out, in the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 40 .
  • hydrocarbons are oxidized in the oxidation catalytic converter 41 , while soot particles are retained in the particle filter 42 .
  • Fuel can be introduced into the exhaust gas duct 30 via the fuel delivery 45 .
  • Open-loop and closed-loop control units which are necessary for the operation of the internal combustion engine 10 and the exhaust gas aftertreatment system 40 , temperature sensors as well as units to diagnose the depletion of the particle filter 42 are not depicted.
  • the particle filter 42 fills up as a result of the operation of the internal combustion engine 10 until the achievement of its storage capacity is signaled.
  • a regeneration phase of the particle filter 42 is thereupon initiated, in which the particles stored in the particle filter 42 are burned up in a reaction progressing exothermally.
  • exhaust gas temperatures from 600° C. to 650° C. are necessary before the particle filter 42 . Because these temperatures during normal operation of the internal combustion engine 10 are only achieved near full load, an increase in temperature has to be brought about by additional measures. Beside air system corrective actions, for example by way of the throttle valve 24 , additional measures in the environment of the fuel injection via the fuel-delivery control system 11 are required especially in the case of low engine loads and low engine rotational speeds.
  • the aforementioned measures also influence the composition of the exhaust gas beside the exhaust gas temperature, particularly its oxygen content. Because the oxygen content has a significant influence on the burn-off speed of the particles stored in the particle filter 42 during the regeneration process and in so doing on the energy thereby released for every unit of time, it is known how to control in a closed loop the progression of the particle burn-off and thereby the temperature of the particle filter via a closed-loop control of the oxygen content of the exhaust gas using the aforementioned measures.
  • the signal or the signal change of at least one of the two lambda probes 43 , 44 is compared with a set point value in a control unit, which is not depicted; and on the basis of the offset obtained, a measure or a combination of several of the aforementioned measures is taken.
  • the maximum temperature of the particle filter 42 can be restricted by the closed-loop control of the temperature of the particle filter 42 via the oxygen content of the exhaust gas. This makes it possible for materials having a lower thermal load capacity, as for example cordierite, which are cost effective in comparison with standard materials such as carbon silicide, to be employed.
  • the signals depicted in FIGS. 2 to 5 exemplary refer to the technical environment depicted in FIG. 1 .
  • the identifiers are correspondingly carried over.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a first diagram 50 the combustion stability of an internal combustion engine, for example of the internal combustion engine 10 depicted in FIG. 1 , as a function of the glow heating phase as a possible indicator for a stable combustion at low ambient temperatures, in this case at ⁇ 20° C.
  • a first time axis 51 the progression of an engine rotational speed 57 , which is plotted against a first ordinate 52 of the diagram 50 , and the progression of an injected fuel quantity 58 intended for each fuel injection, which is plotted against a second ordinate 53 , are depicted.
  • the diagram 50 is divided into a first time interval 55 and a second time interval 56 , separated at a switching point 54 .
  • the glow heating phase of the internal combustion engine 10 is switched on and during the second time interval 56 switched off.
  • the diagram 50 shows how the rotational speed 57 of the internal combustion engine 10 changes as a function of the switching status of the glow heating phase when the injected fuel quantity 58 remains constant and how correspondingly the engine's combustion breaks down by switching off the glow heating phase.
  • the hydrocarbon content in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 10 increases as a result.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a second diagram 60 a time history of a measured lambda signal 63 , which refers to a third ordinate 62 , in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 10 as a function of the switching status of the glow heating phase depicted in FIG. 2 .
  • Said time history is also shown plotted against a second time axis 61 with the same subdivisions as the first time axis 51 depicted in FIG. 2 .
  • the switching point 54 from FIG. 2 is correspondingly carried forward.
  • the lambda measurement can be carried out with one of the lambda probes 43 , 44 depicted in FIG. 1 .
  • the measurement of the lambda signal 63 was carried out at the switching point 54 , where the lambda remains steady.
  • the increase in the measured lambda signal 63 can be traced back to the known cross sensitivities of the lambda probe 43 , 44 to the increased proportion of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas after the switching point 54 . Said increase is thus based on an erroneous measurement of the lambda probe 43 , 44 .
  • a time history of a lambda control quantity of an afterinjection 73 which is burnt neutral in terms of torque, is depicted as a function of the glow heating phase within a closed loop, which has already been described, for the controlled burn-off of particles during the regeneration of a particle filter 42 .
  • Said time history is also in this case plotted against a third time axis 71 with the same subdivisions as in the first time axis 51 depicted in FIG. 2 and with a switching point 54 , which has correspondingly been carried forward, whereby the quantity of fuel of the early afterinjection 73 is plotted on a fourth ordinate 72 .
  • the early afterinjection 73 is mentioned in the example of embodiment as a substitution for the measures to control the oxygen content in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 10 in a closed loop in order to control the burn-off speed of particles during the regeneration phase of the particle filter 42 in a closed loop.
  • the increase in the injected fuel quantity after the switching point 54 results on the basis of the lambda signal 63 depicted in FIG. 3 , which was erroneously determined.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fourth diagram 80 with a temperature curve 83 of an oxidation catalytic converter 41 as a function of a corrective controller action to control the burn-off speed of particles during the regeneration phase of the particle filter 42 .
  • the temperature is plotted on a fifth ordinate 82 against a fourth time axis 81 .
  • the time axis 81 comprises an extended time interval in comparison to the times axes 51 , 61 , 71 depicted in the FIGS. 2 , 3 , 4 .
  • the switching point 54 between the on-position of the glow heating phase and the off-position of the glow heating phase is correspondingly carried forward.
  • the proportion of uncombusted hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine before the oxidation catalytic converter 41 increases due to the lambda signal 63 depicted in FIG. 3 , which was erroneously determined, and the increase in the early afterinjection 73 depicted in FIG. 4 , which was initiated as a result of said signal.
  • a substantial exothermic reaction thus results in the oxidation catalytic converter 41 , whereby its temperature rises to 1000° C. in the depicted example of embodiment.
  • the oxidation catalytic converter 41 can be damaged as a result of this substantial temperature increase in the oxidation catalytic converter 41 , which is induced by an erroneous corrective action by the closed-loop system to control the burn-off speed of particles in the particle filter 42 during the regeneration process.
  • the erroneous corrective action of the closed-loop system is thereby based on an erroneous measurement of the lambda probe 43 , 44 , which in turn can be traced back to an insufficient stability in the combustion of the internal combustion engine 10 .
  • the switching status of the glow plug system can be used as a possibility to indirectly detect a stable combustion.
  • a corrective controller action or the regeneration of the particle filter 42 can be limited to time intervals 55 , in which the glow heating phase is turned on.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
US12/040,386 2007-03-02 2008-02-29 Method for the closed-loop control of the regeneration of a particle filter Abandoned US20080209892A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007010189.0 2007-03-02
DE200710010189 DE102007010189A1 (de) 2007-03-02 2007-03-02 Verfahren zur Regelung der Regeneration eines Partikelfilters

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DE (1) DE102007010189A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2915769A1 (it)
IT (1) ITMI20080332A1 (it)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100236218A1 (en) * 2009-03-18 2010-09-23 Stephane De Tricaud Detection of leakage in an air system of a motor vehicle
US20100300071A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and control device for controlling a regeneration process of an exhaust gas particle filter
US20110106390A1 (en) * 2008-01-14 2011-05-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating a drive train of a vehicle and device for carrying out the method
US8734570B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2014-05-27 Wintek Corporation Pressure and vacuum swing adsorption separation processes
US10174702B2 (en) 2014-08-20 2019-01-08 Isuzu Motors Limited Regeneration device for exhaust-gas purifying device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008005093B3 (de) * 2008-01-18 2009-02-26 Ford Global Technologies, LLC, Dearborn Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Luftverhältnisses
DE102013221598A1 (de) * 2013-10-24 2015-05-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung eines Partikelfilters

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030097834A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-29 Isuzu Motors Limited Exhaust gas purification system
US6722120B2 (en) * 2000-11-11 2004-04-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for the control of an exhaust gas treatment system
US6851258B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-02-08 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Regeneration of particulate filter
US20060254261A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas purifying apparatus and method for internal combustion engine, and engine control unit
US7246485B2 (en) * 2001-10-15 2007-07-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purifying device and method for internal combustion engine
US7275365B2 (en) * 2004-11-05 2007-10-02 Southwest Research Institute Method for controlling temperature in a diesel particulate filter during regeneration

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1384868A3 (de) 2002-07-26 2004-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6722120B2 (en) * 2000-11-11 2004-04-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for the control of an exhaust gas treatment system
US7246485B2 (en) * 2001-10-15 2007-07-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purifying device and method for internal combustion engine
US20030097834A1 (en) * 2001-11-16 2003-05-29 Isuzu Motors Limited Exhaust gas purification system
US6851258B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2005-02-08 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Regeneration of particulate filter
US7275365B2 (en) * 2004-11-05 2007-10-02 Southwest Research Institute Method for controlling temperature in a diesel particulate filter during regeneration
US20060254261A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust gas purifying apparatus and method for internal combustion engine, and engine control unit

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110106390A1 (en) * 2008-01-14 2011-05-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating a drive train of a vehicle and device for carrying out the method
US20100236218A1 (en) * 2009-03-18 2010-09-23 Stephane De Tricaud Detection of leakage in an air system of a motor vehicle
US8424288B2 (en) * 2009-03-18 2013-04-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Detection of leakage in an air system of a motor vehicle
US20100300071A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and control device for controlling a regeneration process of an exhaust gas particle filter
US8734570B2 (en) 2010-10-13 2014-05-27 Wintek Corporation Pressure and vacuum swing adsorption separation processes
US10174702B2 (en) 2014-08-20 2019-01-08 Isuzu Motors Limited Regeneration device for exhaust-gas purifying device

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Publication number Publication date
FR2915769A1 (fr) 2008-11-07
ITMI20080332A1 (it) 2008-09-03
DE102007010189A1 (de) 2008-09-04

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Owner name: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:POST, CHRISTIAN;MOTZ, STEFAN;REEL/FRAME:020991/0431;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080410 TO 20080414

Owner name: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:POST, CHRISTIAN;MOTZ, STEFAN;SIGNING DATES FROM 20080410 TO 20080414;REEL/FRAME:020991/0431

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

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