US20080194246A1 - Apparatus and Method for Providing a Rapidly Deployable Wireless Network - Google Patents

Apparatus and Method for Providing a Rapidly Deployable Wireless Network Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080194246A1
US20080194246A1 US11/769,791 US76979107A US2008194246A1 US 20080194246 A1 US20080194246 A1 US 20080194246A1 US 76979107 A US76979107 A US 76979107A US 2008194246 A1 US2008194246 A1 US 2008194246A1
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Prior art keywords
wireless
network
providing
function
now
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US11/769,791
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English (en)
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Thierry Etienne Klein
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Nokia of America Corp
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Lucent Technologies Inc
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Priority to US11/769,791 priority Critical patent/US20080194246A1/en
Assigned to LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC. reassignment LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KLEIN, THIERRY ETIENNE
Priority to PCT/US2008/001798 priority patent/WO2008100475A1/en
Publication of US20080194246A1 publication Critical patent/US20080194246A1/en
Assigned to CREDIT SUISSE AG reassignment CREDIT SUISSE AG SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC.
Assigned to ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC. reassignment ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC. RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CREDIT SUISSE AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/02—Processing of mobility data, e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]; Transfer of mobility data, e.g. between HLR, VLR or external networks
    • H04W8/08—Mobility data transfer
    • H04W8/082—Mobility data transfer for traffic bypassing of mobility servers, e.g. location registers, home PLMNs or home agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/50—Connection management for emergency connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2212/00—Encapsulation of packets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
    • H04W80/04—Network layer protocols, e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of communication networks and, more specifically, to wireless networks.
  • An apparatus includes means for providing radio access network (RAN) functions, means for providing at least one core (CORE) networking function, and means for providing at least one service.
  • the RAN functions include one or more air interfaces, control functions, and network gateway functions.
  • the CORE networking functions include at least one of an AAA function, a DNS function, a DHCP function, a call/session control function, and the like.
  • the services include one or more applications, such as voice calls, voice conferencing, file transfers, sensor data transfers, high-speed data downloads, streaming video, video conferencing, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the apparatus may further include means for providing at least one additional wireless interface, including one or more of a wireless interface for mesh networking, a wireless interface for backhaul to existing network infrastructure, and a wireless interface for performing management functions.
  • the apparatus is adapted for being deployed on a mobile platform, such as an individual mobile platform, a vehicle-based mobile platform, or any other mobile platform which may be used to transport the apparatus to a site at which a rapidly deployable wireless network is required.
  • the apparatus may be deployed in various situations, e.g., for emergency response situations (e.g., responding to fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes, terrorist attacks, and the like), civilian search and rescue operations, large-crowd events (e.g., sporting events, concerts, and the like), rapid replacement of commercial cellular networks (e.g., where part of a network of a commercial wireless service provider is unavailable), military situations, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the apparatus may be deployed in any other situation where a wireless network may be useful.
  • the apparatus may be deployed to provide a standalone wireless network independent of any existing network infrastructure, or to provide an integrated wireless network utilizing existing network infrastructure.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a standalone 911-NOW communication network architecture that is independent of any existing network infrastructure
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B depict communication scenarios for communications between users at an emergency site using the stand-alone version of the 911-NOW communication network architecture of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 depicts an integrated 911-NOW communication network architecture that utilizes a 911-NOW mesh network and an existing network infrastructure
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B depict communication scenarios for communications between users at an emergency site and users at an emergency headquarters using the integrated version of the 911-NOW communication network architecture of FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 depicts a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of a 911-NOW node
  • FIG. 6 depicts a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of a functional module of the 911-NOW node of FIG. 5 ;
  • FIG. 7 depicts a method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 depicts a high-level block diagram of a general-purpose computer suitable for use in performing functions described herein.
  • the present invention provides a rapidly deployable network (denoted herein as a 911 network on wheels, i.e., 911-NOW).
  • the 911-NOW network is formed using one or more 911-NOW nodes.
  • a 911-NOW node is an integrated network node supporting RAN functions (and, optionally, one or more additional wireless interfaces), core networking functions, and services.
  • a 911-NOW node is implemented on a mobile platform such that the 911-NOW node may be deployed to form a wireless network wherever such network may be required.
  • RAN functions and, optionally, one or more additional wireless interfaces
  • core networking functions, and services a single 911-NOW node may form a fully-functional and completely autonomous wireless network independent of existing network infrastructure.
  • one or more 911-NOW nodes may be deployed to form a standalone wireless network that is not dependent on existing network infrastructure, but which may utilize existing network infrastructure where such existing network infrastructure is available.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a standalone 911-NOW communication network architecture that is independent of any existing network infrastructure.
  • standalone 911-NOW communication network architecture 100 includes a plurality of 911-NOW nodes 110 A - 110 G (collectively, 911-NOW nodes 110 ) supporting wireless communications at an emergency site 101 .
  • the standalone 911-NOW communication network architecture 100 provides a fully-functional network since each of the 911-NOW nodes 110 includes RAN functions, CORE networking functions, and services.
  • each of the 911-NOW nodes 110 is placed or mounted on a mobile platform and transported to emergency site 101 .
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 form a wireless network at emergency site 101 .
  • the emergency site 101 may be any location or combination of locations at which a wireless network is required.
  • the emergency site 101 may be a localized site, a collection of localized sites, a widespread site, a collection of widespread sites, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • emergency site 101 may be a single location, multiple locations within a town or city, or even span one or more counties, states, countries, continents, and the like.
  • the 911-NOW network is not limited by the scope of the emergency site.
  • the emergency site 101 may be associated with any type of emergency.
  • emergency site 101 may be associated with a natural disaster (e.g., a flood, a hurricane, a tornado, and the like), a manmade disaster (e.g., a chemical spill, a terrorist attack, and the like), and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • a natural disaster e.g., a flood, a hurricane, a tornado, and the like
  • a manmade disaster e.g., a chemical spill, a terrorist attack, and the like
  • the like as well as various combinations thereof.
  • emergency personnel (denoted herein as users 102 of the 911-NOW network 100 ) have responded to the emergency.
  • the users 102 are performing various different functions at different areas of emergency site 101 .
  • the users may be containing the disaster, participating in evacuation operations, participating in search and rescue operations, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the users 102 use equipment in responding to the emergency, including equipment capable of receiving and sending information wirelessly (denoted herein as wireless user devices 104 of users 102 ).
  • the wireless user devices 104 include communication equipment, and may include various other types of emergency equipment (depending on the type of emergency, severity of the emergency, logistics of the emergency site, and various other factors).
  • wireless user devices 104 may include wireless devices carried by emergency personnel for communicating with other emergency personnel, receiving information for use in responding at the emergency site, collecting information at the emergency site, monitoring conditions at the emergency site, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • wireless user devices 104 may include devices such as walkie-talkies, wireless headsets, cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptops, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the wireless user devices 104 may include various other equipment, such as monitors (e.g., for monitoring breathing, pulse, and other characteristics; for monitoring temperature, precipitation, and other environmental characteristics; and the like), sensors (e.g., for detecting air-quality changes, presence of chemical or biological agents, radiation levels, and the like), and various other equipment.
  • a 911-NOW-based network is established at the emergency site 101 by deploying 911-NOW nodes 110 (illustratively, 911-NOW nodes 110 A - 110 G ) to emergency site 101 .
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 may be deployed using mobile platforms.
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 may be deployed using standalone mobile platforms. For example, 911-NOW nodes 110 may be placed in backpacks, suitcases, and like mobile cases which may be carried by individuals.
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 may be deployed using mobile vehicles, including land-based vehicles, sea-based vehicles, and/or air-based vehicles.
  • 911-NOW nodes may be placed (and/or mounted) on police cars, swat trucks, fire engines, ambulances, humvees, boats, helicopters, blimps, airplanes, unmanned drones, satellites, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 may be deployed using various other mobile platforms.
  • 911-NOW node 110 A is deployed using a fire engine
  • 911-NOW node 110 B is deployed using a fire engine
  • 911-NOW node 110 C is deployed using a fire engine
  • 911-NOW node 110 D is deployed as a standalone node
  • 911-NOW node 110 E is deployed using a blimp
  • 911-NOW node 110 F is deployed as a standalone node
  • 911-NOW node 110 G is deployed using a fire engine.
  • the inherent mobility of 911-NOW nodes 110 enables quick and flexible deployment of a wireless network as needed (e.g., when, where, and how the wireless network is needed), thereby providing scalable capacity and coverage on-demand as required by the emergency personnel. Since each 911-NOW node 110 supports RAN functions, CORE networking functions, and various service functions, deployment of even one 911-NOW node produces a fully-functional wireless network.
  • 911-NOW modules By placing 911-NOW modules on mobile platforms, network scalability is automatically managed. Since the scope of an emergency situation typically dictates the response to the emergency situation (in terms of emergency personnel and equipment deployed), deployment of emergency response equipment and personnel of a scope sufficient to respond to an emergency will automatically result in deployment of sufficient 911-NOW modules to support the response to the emergency. For example, a fire requiring three fire engines will most likely not require more than three 911-NOW modules to support the firefighters and other personnel responding to the fire, a disaster requiring twenty fire engines and five ambulances most likely will not require more than twenty-five 911-NOW modules to support the firefighters and other emergency personnel responding to the fire, and so on.
  • 911-NOW network architecture there will most likely not be a need for emergency personnel to dispatch special vehicles for purposes of scaling the scope of the 911-NOW network to match the scope of the emergency situation for which the 911-NOW network is being deployed (although such special deployments may be useful in some situations).
  • emergency personnel do not have to worry about having sufficient resources to support any communications which may be required at the emergency site.
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 support wireless communications for wireless user devices 104 (denoted herein as wireless access communications).
  • the wireless access communications include wireless communications between a 911-NOW node 110 and wireless user devices served by that 911-NOW node 110 .
  • A911-NOW node 110 includes one or more wireless access interfaces supporting wireless communications for wireless user devices 104 .
  • the wireless access communications between wireless user devices 104 and 911-NOW nodes 110 are supported using respective wireless access connections 111 established between wireless user devices 104 and 911-NOW nodes 110 .
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 further support mobility of user devices 104 at emergency site 101 . More specifically, 911-NOW nodes 110 support mobility of user devices 104 such that, as users 102 move around emergency site 101 , communication sessions between wireless user devices 104 of those users 102 and 911-NOW nodes 110 are seamlessly transferred between 911-NOW nodes 110 (i.e., from a 911-NOW node currently serving the wireless user device to another 911-NOW node).
  • the mechanism for handoff of wireless user devices 104 between 911-NOW nodes 110 may be performed in any manner, and, thus, may be based on one or more factors, such as relative signal strength, loading of the respective 911-NOW nodes 110 , and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 support wireless communications between 911-NOW nodes 110 (denoted herein as wireless mesh communications).
  • the wireless mesh communications include wireless communications between 911-NOW nodes, including information transported between wireless user devices 104 , control information exchanged between 911-NOW nodes 110 , and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • a 911-NOW node 110 includes one or more wireless mesh interfaces supporting wireless communications with one or more other 911-NOW nodes 110 .
  • the wireless mesh communications between 911-NOW nodes 110 are supported using wireless mesh connections 112 established between 911-NOW nodes 110 .
  • 911-NOW nodes 110 communicate using respective wireless mesh connections 112 : 911-NOW nodes 110 A and 110 B , 911-NOW nodes 110 A and 110 C , 911-NOW nodes 110 A and 110 D , 911-NOW nodes 110 B and 110 C , 911-NOW nodes 110 C and 110 D , 911-NOW nodes 110 B and 110 E , 911-NOW nodes 110 C and 110 F , 911-NOW nodes 110 D and 110 G , 911-NOW nodes 110 E and 110 F , and 911-NOW nodes 110 F and 110 G .
  • 911-NOW nodes 110 of FIG. 1 communicate to form a wireless mesh network.
  • 911-NOW nodes 110 may communicate to form various other wireless mesh configurations, and mesh configurations may be modified in real-time as conditions change.
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 support wireless communications for one or more management devices 105 (denoted herein as wireless management communications).
  • the wireless management communications include wireless communications between a 911-NOW node 110 and a management device(s) 105 served by that 911-NOW node 110 .
  • a 911-NOW node 110 includes one or more wireless management interfaces supporting wireless communications for management device(s) 105 .
  • the wireless management communications between management device 105 and 911-NOW node 110 D are supported using a wireless management connection 113 established between management device 105 and 911-NOW node 110 D .
  • the management device 105 is operable for configuring and controlling standalone 911-NOW network 100 .
  • management device 105 may be used to configure and reconfigure one or more of the 911-NOW nodes 110 , control access to the 911-NOW nodes (e.g., authorization, authentication, and like functions), control functions and services supported by the 911-NOW nodes 110 , upgrade software run by the 911-NOW nodes 110 , perform element/network management functions for individual 911-NOW nodes or combinations of 911-NOW nodes (e.g., fault, performance, and like management functions) and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • control access to the 911-NOW nodes e.g., authorization, authentication, and like functions
  • control functions and services supported by the 911-NOW nodes 110 e.g., upgrade software run by the 911-NOW nodes 110 , perform element/network management functions for individual 911-NOW nodes or combinations of 911-NOW nodes (e.g., fault, performance, and like management functions) and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the management device 105 may be implemented using existing devices (e.g., laptops, PDAs, and the like), or using a newly-designed device adapted to support such management functions.
  • the management device 105 may connect to one or more 911-NOW nodes 110 directly and/or indirectly using wireline and/or wireless interfaces.
  • the management device 105 may be connected to 911-NOW nodes 110 off-site for performing different functions.
  • the management device 105 may be connected to a 911-NOW node when the 911-NOW node returns to the location from which the 911-NOW node was dispatched (e.g., returns to its station) in order to perform various functions, such as post-analysis diagnostics, reconfigurations, software upgrades, management functions (e.g., fault, performance, and like management functions), and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 support wireless communications using one or more wireless technologies.
  • each 911-NOW node 110 may support one or more different wireless technologies, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Evolution-Data Optimized (1xEV-DO), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • Evolution-Data Optimized (1xEV-DO Evolution-Data Optimized (1xEV-DO
  • Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS
  • High-Speed Downlink Packet Access HSDPA
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • each 911-NOW node 110 may support Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) or WiMAX technology, microwave technologies, or any other wireless technology.
  • WiFi Wireless Fidelity
  • WiMAX Worldwide Intero
  • wireless access communications are provided using 1xEV-DO, wireless mesh communications are provided using WiFi, and wireless management communications are provided using WiFi.
  • wireless access communications are provided using UMTS, wireless mesh communications are provided using WiMAX, and wireless management communications are provided using WiFi.
  • wireless access communications are provided using HSDPA, wireless mesh communications are provided using WiFi, and wireless management communications are provided using Bluetooth.
  • various different combinations of wireless technologies may be used to support different types of communications by 911-NOW nodes 110 .
  • wireless communications supported by 911-NOW nodes 110 convey user information, control information, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • user information may include voice communications (e.g., voice calls, audio conferences, push-to-talk, and the like), data communications (e.g., text-based communications, high-speed data downloads/uploads, file transfers, sensor data transfers, and the like), video communications (e.g., video broadcasts, conferencing, and the like), multimedia communications, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the wireless communications supported by 911-NOW nodes 110 may convey various combinations of content, e.g., audio, text, image, video, multimedia, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • control information may include management information, network configuration/control information, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • 911-NOW nodes 110 support wireless communication of any information.
  • 911-NOW nodes 110 Although a specific number of 911-NOW nodes 110 is depicted and described as being deployed to form a 911-NOW network, fewer or more 911-NOW nodes may be deployed to form a 911-NOW network supporting communications required to provide an effective emergency response. Similarly, although a specific configuration of 911-NOW nodes 110 is depicted and described as being deployed to form a 911-NOW network, 911-NOW nodes may be deployed in various other configurations (including different locations at one emergency site or across multiple emergency sites, different combinations of mesh connections between 911-NOW nodes, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof) to form a standalone 911-NOW network supporting RAN functions, CORE networking functions, and various services supporting multimedia communications to provide an effective emergency response.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B depict communication scenarios for communications between users at an emergency site using the stand-alone version of the 911-NOW communication network architecture of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 2A a single-hop case
  • two (or more) users at an emergency site communicate with each other via one 911-NOW node 110 (without the communications having to traverse wireless mesh connections between 911-NOW nodes 110 ).
  • FIG. 2B a multi-hop case
  • two (or more) users at an emergency site communicate with each other directly via multiple 911-NOW nodes.
  • a first user 102 communicates directly with a first 911-NOW node 110 and a second user 102 communicates with a second 911-NOW node 110 , and first and second 911-NOW nodes 110 communicate (via one or more wireless mesh connections) in order to provide a communication path between the first and second users 102 .
  • one or more 911-NOW nodes 110 are capable of forming a fully-functional, standalone cellular wireless network without relying on existing infrastructure (fixed or variable), where there is existing infrastructure (that was not damaged or destroyed), the standalone 911-NOW wireless network may leverage the existing network infrastructure to form an integrated 911-NOW wireless network capable of supporting various additional capabilities (e.g., supporting communications with one or more other standalone 911-NOW wireless networks, supporting communications with one or more remote emergency management headquarters, supporting communications with other resources, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof).
  • An integrated 911-NOW wireless network including a mesh 911-NOW network in communication with existing network infrastructure is depicted and described herein with respect to FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 3 depicts an integrated 911-NOW communication network architecture including a 911-NOW mesh network and an existing network infrastructure.
  • the integrated 911-NOW communication network architecture 300 includes 911-NOW mesh network 100 and existing network infrastructure 301 .
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 may include any existing communications infrastructure adapted for supporting wireless communications (e.g., including backhaul functions, networking functions, services, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof) for 911-NOW mesh network 100 .
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 may include wireless access capabilities (e.g., radio access networks, satellite access networks, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof), backhaul capabilities (e.g., public and/or private, wireline and/or wireless, backhaul networks supporting mobility management functions, routing functions, and gateway functions, as well as various other related functions), core networking capabilities (e.g., MA functions, DNS functions, DHCP functions, call/session control functions, and the like), services capabilities (e.g., application servers, media servers, and the like), and the like, as well as various combinations thereof. Since 911-NOW nodes 110 also supports such capabilities, in some embodiments at least a portion of these capabilities of existing network infrastructure 201 may only be relied upon when necessary.
  • wireless access capabilities e.g., radio access networks, satellite access networks, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof
  • backhaul capabilities e.g., public and/or private, wireline and/or wireless, backhaul networks supporting mobility management functions, routing functions, and gateway functions, as well as
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 supports wireless backhaul connections. Specifically, the existing network infrastructure 301 supports two wireless backhaul connections from 911-NOW mesh network 100 .
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 supports a first wireless backhaul connection 314 with 911-NOW node 110 E using a satellite 302 , where satellite 302 is in wireless backhaul communication with a satellite backhaul node 303 at the edge of Internet 306 .
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 supports a second wireless backhaul connection 314 with 911-NOW node 110 G using a cellular base station 304 , where cellular base station in 304 is in wireline backhaul communication with a cellular backhaul node 305 at the edge of Internet 306 .
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 further supports other connections to other locations with which users 102 of emergency site 101 may communicate.
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 includes a router 307 supporting communications for an emergency headquarters 320 (which may include, for example, emergency personnel and/or emergency systems).
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 includes a cellular backhaul node 308 and an associated base station 309 supporting communications for one or more other 911-NOW mesh networks 330 1 - 330 N (i.e., one or more other standalone 911-NOW networks established at remote emergency sites).
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 supports communications for 911-NOW mesh network 100 .
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 may support communications between wireless user devices 104 of 911-NOW mesh network 100 (e.g., complementing wireless mesh communications between 911-NOW nodes 110 of the standalone 911-NOW network 100 ).
  • the existing network infrastructure 301 may support communications between wireless user devices 104 of 911-NOW mesh network 100 and other emergency personnel and/or emergency systems.
  • existing network infrastructure 301 may support communications between wireless user devices 104 of 911-NOW mesh network 100 and an emergency headquarters 320 , one or more other 911-NOW mesh networks 330 (e.g., at emergency sites remote from emergency site 101 ), and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • each 911-NOW node 110 supports one or more wireless backhaul interfaces supporting communications between 911-NOW nodes 110 and existing network infrastructure (illustratively, existing network infrastructure 301 ).
  • the wireless backhaul communications between 911-NOW nodes 110 and existing network infrastructure 301 are supported using wireless backhaul connections 314 established between 911-NOW nodes 110 and existing network infrastructure 301 .
  • the wireless backhaul connections 314 may be provided using one or more wireless technologies, such as GSM, GPRS, EV-DO, UMTS, HSDPA, WiFi, WiMAX, microwave, satilite, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the mesh networking capabilities provided by 911-NOW nodes 110 in combination with backhaul networking capabilities provided by 911-NOW nodes 110 using wireless backhaul connections with existing network infrastructure 301 , enable communications between emergency personnel at one emergency site (e.g., between users connected to 911-NOW nodes 110 of a standalone 911-NOW mesh network), between emergency personnel at different emergency sites (e.g., between users connected to 911-NOW nodes 110 of different standalone wireless mesh networks), between emergency personnel at one or more emergency sites and emergency management personnel (e.g., users stationed at emergency headquarters 320 ), and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • emergency personnel at one emergency site e.g., between users connected to 911-NOW nodes 110 of a standalone 911-NOW mesh network
  • emergency personnel at different emergency sites e.g., between users connected to 911-NOW nodes 110 of different standalone wireless mesh networks
  • emergency management personnel e.g., users stationed at emergency headquarters 320
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B depict communication scenarios for communications between users at an emergency site and an emergency headquarters using the integrated 911-NOW communication network architecture of FIG. 3 .
  • the communication scenarios depicted and described with respect to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B may also be used to support communications between users at different emergency sites, where existing network infrastructure (including existing wireless and wireline infrastructure as depicted and described with respect to FIG. 3 ) provides backhaul connections between the emergency sites.
  • a user 102 at emergency site 101 communicates with emergency headquarters 320 (e.g., with emergency personnel and/or emergency systems) by communicating with a 911-NOW node 110 (i.e., the 911-NOW node 110 functions as a wireless connection point for the user device 104 of user 102 ).
  • the 911-NOW node 110 at the emergency site supports wireless backhaul communications between 911-NOW node 110 and existing wireless network infrastructure 301 which, as described with respect to FIG. 3 , provides a connection to the Internet 306 in order to provide an end-to-end communication path between the wireless user device 104 of user 102 at emergency site 101 and emergency headquarters 320 .
  • a user 102 at emergency site 101 communicates with emergency headquarters 320 (e.g., with emergency personnel and/or emergency systems).
  • the wireless user device 104 communicates with a first 911-NOW node 110 (i.e., the first 911-NOW node 110 functions as a wireless connection point for the user device 104 of user 102 ).
  • the first 911-NOW node 110 supports wireless mesh communications between the first 911-NOW node 110 and one or more other 911-NOW nodes 110 in order to transport communications between the first 911-NOW node and existing wireless network infrastructure 301 which, as described with respect to FIG. 3 , provides a connection to the Internet 306 in order to provide an end-to-end communication path between the wireless user device 104 of user 102 at emergency site 101 and emergency headquarters 320 .
  • 911-NOW nodes 110 may each support four different types of wireless interfaces.
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 support one or more wireless access interfaces by which user devices 104 may access 911-NOW nodes 110 .
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 support one or more wireless mesh interfaces by which 911-NOW nodes 110 communicate with other 911-NOW nodes 110 .
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 support one or more wireless backhaul interfaces by which 911-NOW nodes 110 communicate with existing network infrastructure (such as existing network infrastructure 301 of FIG. 3 ).
  • the 911-NOW nodes 110 support one or more wireless management interfaces by which network administrators may manage the 911-NOW-based wireless network.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of a 911-NOW node.
  • 911-NOW node 110 includes a functions module 501 , a processor 540 , a memory 550 , and support circuit(s) 560 (as well as various other processors, controllers, modules, storage devices, support circuits, and the like required to support various functions of 911-NOW node 110 ).
  • the functions module 501 cooperates with processor 540 , memory 550 , and support circuits 560 to provide various functions of 911-NOW node 110 , as depicted and described herein).
  • the functions module 501 includes a wireless functions module 509 , a core (CORE) networking functions module 520 , and a services module 530 .
  • the wireless functions module 509 includes a radio access network (RAN) functions module 510 and, optionally, a wireless interface module 515 .
  • the CORE networking functions module 520 provides CORE networking functions.
  • the services module 530 provides one or more services.
  • the RAN functions module 510 (and, when present, wireless interface module 515 ) communicate with both CORE networking functions module 520 and services module 530 , and CORE networking functions module 520 and services module 530 communicate, to provide functions depicted and described herein.
  • processor 540 controls the operation of 911-NOW node 110 , including communications between functions module 501 , memory 550 , and support circuit(s) 560 .
  • the memory 550 includes programs 551 , applications 552 , support data 553 (e.g., user profiles, quality-of-service profiles, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof), and user data 554 (e.g., any information intended for communication to/from user devices associated with 911-NOW node 110 ).
  • the memory 550 may store other types of information.
  • the support circuit(s) 560 may include any circuits or modules adapted for supporting functions of 911-NOW node 110 , e.g., power supplies, power amplifiers, transceivers, encoders, decoders, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the wireless functions module 509 , CORE networking functions module 520 , and services module 530 cooperate (in combination with processor 540 , memory 550 , and support circuits 560 , and any other required modules, controllers, and the like, which are omitted for purposes of clarity) to provide a rapidly deployable wireless node which may form: (1) a single-node, standalone wireless network; (2) a multi-node, standalone wireless network (i.e., using wireless mesh connections between 911-NOW nodes); or (3) an integrated wireless network (i.e., using wireless backhaul connections between one or more 911-NOW nodes and existing network infrastructure and, optionally, using wireless mesh connections between 911-NOW nodes).
  • the RAN functions module 510 provides RAN functions.
  • the RAN functions include supporting one or more wireless access interfaces for communications associated with wireless user devices.
  • RAN functions module 510 supports a plurality of air interfaces (AIs) 511 1 - 511 N (collectively, AIs 511 ).
  • AIs 511 provide wireless access interfaces supporting communications associated with wireless user devices.
  • AIs 511 may support functions typically provided by a base transceiver station (BTS).
  • BTS base transceiver station
  • the RAN functions module 510 provides control functions.
  • the control functions may include any control functions typically performed by controllers in radio access networks.
  • the control functions may include functions such as admission control, power control, packet scheduling, load control, handover control, security functions, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the control functions may include functions typically performed by RAN network controllers (RNCs) or similar wireless network controllers.
  • RNCs RAN network controllers
  • the RAN functions module 510 provides network gateway functions.
  • the network gateway functions may include any functions typically performed in order to bridge RAN and CORE networks, such as IP session management functions, mobility management functions, packet routing functions, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the network gateway functions may include functions typically performed by a Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN).
  • PDSN Packet Data Serving Node
  • the network gateway functions may include functions typically performed by a combination of a GPRS Gateway Support Node (GGSN) and a Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN).
  • GGSN GPRS Gateway Support Node
  • SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
  • RAN functions module 510 may be implemented as a base station router (BSR).
  • BSR base station router
  • the wireless interface module 515 provides one or more wireless interfaces.
  • the wireless interfaces provided by wireless interface module may include one or more of: (1) one or more wireless mesh interfaces supporting communications with other 911-NOW nodes; (2) one or more wireless backhaul interfaces supporting communications with existing network infrastructure; and/or (3) one or more wireless management interfaces supporting communications with one or more management devices.
  • the wireless interface module 515 supports a plurality of air interfaces (AIs) 516 1 - 516 N (collectively, AIs 516 ), which provide wireless interfaces supporting communications associated with one or more of: one or more other 911-NOW nodes, existing network infrastructure, and one or more management devices.
  • AIs air interfaces
  • the CORE networking functions module 520 provides networking functions typically available from the CORE network.
  • CORE networking functions module 520 may provide authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) functions, domain name system (DNS) functions, dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) functions, call/session control functions, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • AAA authentication, authorization, and accounting
  • DNS domain name system
  • DHCP dynamic host configuration protocol
  • call/session control functions and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • AAA authentication, authorization, and accounting
  • DNS domain name system
  • DHCP dynamic host configuration protocol
  • the services module 530 provides services.
  • the services may include any services capable of being provided to wireless user devices.
  • services module 530 may provide services typically provided by application servers, media servers, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • services may include one or more of voice services, voice conferencing services, data transfer services (e.g., high-speed data downloads, high-speed data upload, file transfers, sensor data transfers, and the like), video services, video conferencing services, multimedia services, multimedia conferencing services, push-to-talk services, instant messaging services, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • voice services voice conferencing services
  • data transfer services e.g., high-speed data downloads, high-speed data upload, file transfers, sensor data transfers, and the like
  • video services video conferencing services, multimedia services, multimedia conferencing services, push-to-talk services, instant messaging services, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • video conferencing services multimedia services, multimedia conferencing services, push-to-talk services, instant messaging services, and the like, as well
  • FIG. 6 depicts a high-level block diagram of one embodiment of a functional module of the 911-NOW node of FIG. 5 .
  • functions module 501 includes wireless functions module 509 , CORE networking functions module 520 , and services module 530 .
  • the wireless functions module 509 includes a base station router (BSR) 610 and, optionally, a wireless interface module 615 .
  • BSR base station router
  • the wireless functions module 509 communicates with CORE networking functions module 520 and services module 530 , and CORE networking functions module 520 and services module 530 communicate.
  • the BSR 610 includes a base station (BS) 612 , a radio network controller (RNC) 613 , and a network gateway (NG) 614 .
  • the BS 612 includes a plurality of air interfaces (AIs) similar to AIs 511 depicted and described with respect to FIG. 5 .
  • the BS 612 communicates with RNC 613 .
  • the RNC 613 communicates with NG 614 .
  • the BSR 610 supports any functions typically supported by a base station router.
  • the wireless interface module 615 may include one or more of: a wireless management interface module 616 including one or more AIs supporting wireless communications with one or more management devices, a wireless mesh interface module 617 including one or more AIs supporting wireless communications with one or more other 911-NOW nodes, and a wireless backhaul interface module 618 including one or more AIs supporting wireless communications with existing network infrastructure.
  • a 911-NOW node 110 may be implemented without wireless interface module 615 (e.g., if the 911-NOW node 110 is not expected to require support for wireless mesh, backhaul, or management communications). In other words, support for the additional wireless interfaces of wireless interface module 615 is optional.
  • a 911-NOW node 110 is implemented such that wireless interface module 615 includes a subset of: wireless management interface module 616 , wireless mesh interface module 617 , and wireless backhaul interface module 618 .
  • the implementation of the wireless interface module 615 may be tailored depending on the type(s) of wireless interfaces that the 911-NOW node 110 is expected to need when deployed, i.e., depending on whether the 911-NOW node 110 will require wireless management, mesh, and/or backhaul capabilities.
  • a 911-NOW node 110 is implemented such that wireless interface module 615 includes each of: wireless management interface module 616 , wireless mesh interface module 617 , and wireless backhaul interface module 618 .
  • the 911-NOW node 110 supports wireless management, mesh, and backhaul capabilities such that such additional wireless interfaces are available should the 911-NOW node 110 require such capabilities.
  • wireless interface module 615 may only include wireless management interface module 616 (since mesh and backhaul support is not required). In one embodiment, for example, for a multi-node, standalone network, wireless interface module 615 may only include wireless management interface module 616 and wireless mesh interface module 617 (since backhaul support is not required). In one embodiment, for example, for an integrated network, wireless interface module 615 may include each of wireless management interface module 616 , wireless mesh interface module 617 , and wireless backhaul interface module 618 (since management, mesh, and backhaul capabilities are all required).
  • the CORE networking functions module 520 includes a plurality of modules supporting CORE networking functions. As depicted in FIG. 6 , CORE networking functions module 520 includes an AAA module 621 providing AAA functions, a DNS module 622 providing DNS functions, a DHCP module 623 providing DHCP functions, a call/session control module 624 providing call control functions and/or session control functions, and may include various other modules supporting various other networking functions typically available from the core network (represented by other CORE networking functions module 629 ).
  • the services module 530 includes a plurality of modules supporting various services. As depicted in FIG. 6 , services module 530 includes a voice services module 631 , a data services module 632 , a video services module 633 , a multimedia services module 634 , and may include various other modules supporting various other services (represented by other services module 639 ). As described herein, such services modules may support various different services such as voice calls, voice conferencing, data transfers, streaming video, video conferencing, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • 911-NOW nodes may be implemented using various other configurations for providing wireless functions, CORE networking functions, and services.
  • functions modules of 911-NOW nodes may be implemented using various other configurations for providing wireless functions, CORE networking functions, and services.
  • FIG. 7 depicts a method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • method 700 of FIG. 7 includes a method for deploying, configuring, and using a rapidly deployable wireless node (such as a 911-NOW node depicted and described herein).
  • a rapidly deployable wireless node such as a 911-NOW node depicted and described herein.
  • multiple rapidly deployable wireless nodes may be deployed, configured, and used as depicted and described with respect to FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 7 depicted and described as being performed serially, at least a portion of the steps of method 700 of FIG. 7 may be performed contemporaneously, or in a different order than depicted and described with respect to FIG. 7 .
  • the method 700 begins at step 702 and proceeds to step 704 .
  • a rapidly deployable wireless node is placed on a mobile vehicle.
  • the rapidly deployable wireless node may be permanently affixed to the mobile vehicle, temporarily affixed to the mobile vehicle (i.e., affixed in a way that the rapidly deployable mobile node may be easily detached from the mobile vehicle if necessary or desired), or simply placed in the mobile vehicle (e.g., carried onto the mobile vehicle by personnel to be transported on the vehicle).
  • the rapidly deployable wireless node supports RAN functions (and, optionally, one or more additional wireless interfaces), at least one CORE networking function, and at least one service.
  • the rapidly deployable mobile node may be a 911-NOW node depicted and described herein.
  • the mobile vehicle including the rapidly deployable wireless node, is transported to a site.
  • the transportation of the mobile vehicle to the site varies depending on the type of vehicle.
  • the vehicle may be driven to a site, flown to a site, and the like.
  • the site may be any site at which a rapidly deployable wireless node may be desirable.
  • the site may be an emergency site (where the mobile vehicle is an emergency vehicle such as a fire truck, a hazmat vehicle, and the like), the site may be a battlefield site (where the mobile vehicle is a military vehicle such as a humvee, a tank, and the like), and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • the rapidly deployable wireless node is configured to support communication at the site.
  • the rapidly deployable wireless node may be automatically configured to support communications at the site.
  • the rapidly deployable wireless node supports communications at the site.
  • method 700 ends. Although omitted for purposes of clarity, eventually, the mobile vehicle leaves the site (e.g., to provide support at a different site or to return to headquarters from which the mobile vehicle was dispatched). For example, a fire truck returns to the fire station after the fire is out, a tank returns to command headquarters after the battle is over, and the like.
  • FIG. 8 depicts a high-level block diagram of a general-purpose computer suitable for use in performing the functions described herein.
  • system 800 comprises a processor element 802 (e.g., a CPU), a memory 804 , e.g., random access memory (RAM) and/or read only memory (ROM), a 911-NOW module 805 , and various input/output devices 806 (e.g., storage devices, including but not limited to, a tape drive, a floppy drive, a hard disk drive or a compact disk drive, a receiver, a transmitter, a speaker, a display, an output port, and a user input device (such as a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, and the like)).
  • processor element 802 e.g., a CPU
  • memory 804 e.g., random access memory (RAM) and/or read only memory (ROM), a 911-NOW module 805
  • various input/output devices 806 e.g., storage devices, including but
  • the present invention may be implemented in software and/or in a combination of software and hardware, e.g., using application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), a general purpose computer or any other hardware equivalents.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuits
  • the present 911-NOW process 805 can be loaded into memory 804 and executed by processor 802 to implement the functions as discussed above.
  • 911-NOW process 805 (including associated data structures) of the present invention can be stored on a computer readable medium or carrier, e.g., RAM memory, magnetic or optical drive or diskette, and the like.
  • the 911-NOW network enables emergency personnel to communicate mission-critical information on a rapidly-deployable, highly-flexible, secure wireless network.
  • the 911-NOW network is a fully integrated service architecture that may be deployed as a single-cell solution for local communication or configured as an ad-hoc network of cells for widespread communication (e.g., for multiple localized or large emergency sites).
  • the 911-NOW network supports auto-configuration, wireless mesh networking, interoperability with existing systems and technologies, network service and management function, and various other features, functions, and capabilities, thereby providing a cost-efficient solution that is scalable and flexible to emergency response needs, as well as spatial and temporal network deployment scenarios.
  • the 911-NOW network may be deployed in support of multiple missions in emergency response and disaster recovery operations, such as first responder communications, search and rescue operations, restoration of local cellular service, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof.
  • applications which may be supported by the 911-NOW network include basic voice communications, push-to-talk, database access capabilities, file transfer applications (e.g., to provide access to floor plans, emergency exits, elevator shafts, chemical storage rosters, hazardous material handling instructions, and the like, as well as various combinations thereof), alert messaging broadcasts, streaming video, location tracking (e.g., of people, vehicles, and the like), sensor monitoring applications (e.g., temperature, air composition, radiation, and the like), biometric monitoring applications (e.g., breathing, pulse, and oxygen tank sensors that transmit information about the health of emergency personnel, and the like).
  • location tracking e.g., of people, vehicles, and the like
  • sensor monitoring applications e.g., temperature, air composition, radiation, and the like
  • biometric monitoring applications e.g., breathing,
  • the 911-NOW network provides numerous functions, including assured access and reliable communications anywhere and at any time, capacity and coverage on-demand for mobile incident area networks, standards-compliant air interface technologies and network interoperability through IP interfaces, efficient local communication in the absence of fixed network infrastructure including integrated services architecture for full stand-alone network operation, wireless backhaul capabilities to fixed public and/or private network(s), wide-area coverage through wireless mesh networking, reachability and robustness through flexible multi-path routing, converged multimedia communication capabilities (e.g., with voice, high-speed data, video, and like communication capabilities) and the like.
  • the 911-NOW network provides security features.
  • the 911-NOW network provides triple-layered wireless network security to protect the network operator, network elements, and user devices.
  • 911-NOW nodes may include advanced security tools such as air interface complexity, cryptographic authentication, encryption, scrambling, link-layer assisted security protocols, and the like, may be implemented in the 911-NOW network in order to deter technical fraud, information eavesdropping, session hijacking, and other potential security vulnerabilities.
  • the 911-NOW nodes may support various other security measures associated with RAN functions (and additional wireless interface functions), CORE networking functions, and services provided by 911-NOW nodes, thereby resulting in a highly secure 911-NOW network.
  • the described features, functions, and capabilities of the 911-NOW network thereby enable increased situational awareness at emergency sites and situational awareness of emergency sites by emergency management personnel at remote emergency management sites (i.e., headquarters), communication between emergency sites as well as between emergency sites and emergency headquarters, and various other desirable results.
  • the operation of a 911-NOW network may be better understood with respect to FIG. 1 , which depicts an example of a 911-NOW network, as well as FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , which depict example communication scenarios using the 911-NOW network of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 depict example communication scenarios using the 911-NOW network of FIG.
  • rapidly deployable nodes may be used to deploy a wireless network in various other situations.
  • rapidly deployable nodes may be used in large-crowd environments.
  • rapidly deployable nodes may be deployed during large-crowd events, such as sporting events (e.g., in a city hosting the Super Bowl, in a city hosting the Olympics, and the like), concerts, and the like.
  • rapidly deployable nodes may be used as a rapid replacement network for commercial cellular networks (i.e., to replace existing network infrastructure while such infrastructure is unavailable).
  • rapidly deployable nodes may be used in military environments (e.g., to form a rapidly deployable network on the battlefield or in other situations).
  • rapidly deployable nodes according to the present invention are useful for various other applications in addition to emergency response applications, and, thus, may be deployed in various other situations in addition to emergency situations.
  • the term “emergency site”, which is used herein to denote the geographical location in which one or more rapidly deployable nodes may be deployed to form a wireless network may be more commonly referred to as a “network site” (i.e., the site at which the rapidly deployable wireless network is deployed to support wireless communications).
  • network site i.e., the site at which the rapidly deployable wireless network is deployed to support wireless communications.
  • other terms primarily associated with emergency applications may be referred to more generally depending upon the application in which rapidly deployable nodes are deployed. In other words, any number of rapidly deployable nodes according to the present invention may be deployed to any geographical location to form a wireless network for any reason.

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