US20080145317A1 - Effervescent formulations of florfenicol for addition in drinking water systems - Google Patents
Effervescent formulations of florfenicol for addition in drinking water systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080145317A1 US20080145317A1 US11/957,668 US95766807A US2008145317A1 US 20080145317 A1 US20080145317 A1 US 20080145317A1 US 95766807 A US95766807 A US 95766807A US 2008145317 A1 US2008145317 A1 US 2008145317A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- formulation
- effervescent
- effervescent formulation
- acid
- florfenicol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
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- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
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- 229960003760 florfenicol Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
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- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043253 butylated hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940078495 calcium phosphate dibasic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950009592 cefquinome Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005229 ceftiofur Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZBHXIWJRIFEVQY-IHMPYVIRSA-N ceftiofur Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1CSC(=O)C1=CC=CO1 ZBHXIWJRIFEVQY-IHMPYVIRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124587 cephalosporin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001780 cephalosporins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960005091 chloramphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N chloramphenicol Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WIIZWVCIJKGZOK-RKDXNWHRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYDMQBQPVICBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotetracycline Natural products C1=CC(Cl)=C2C(O)(C)C3CC4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O CYDMQBQPVICBEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYDMQBQPVICBEU-XRNKAMNCSA-N chlortetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3C[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O CYDMQBQPVICBEU-XRNKAMNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZZVJAQRINQKSD-PBFISZAISA-N clavulanic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H]1C(=C/CO)/O[C@@H]2CC(=O)N21 HZZVJAQRINQKSD-PBFISZAISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003324 clavulanic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001334 corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004385 danofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950001733 difloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NOCJXYPHIIZEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N difloxacin Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1C(C(=C1)F)=CC2=C1C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN2C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 NOCJXYPHIIZEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007907 direct compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- RRPFCKLVOUENJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-aminoacetic acid;carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O.NCC(O)=O RRPFCKLVOUENJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012738 dissolution medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLFZZSKTJWDQOS-YDBLARSUSA-N doramectin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C3CCCCC3)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C QLFZZSKTJWDQOS-YDBLARSUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003997 doramectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- GCKZANITAMOIAR-XWVCPFKXSA-N dsstox_cid_14566 Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H]([NH2+]C)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 GCKZANITAMOIAR-XWVCPFKXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000740 enrofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WPNHOHPRXXCPRA-TVXIRPTOSA-N eprinomectin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C\C=C/[C@@H]2C)\C)O[C@H]1C WPNHOHPRXXCPRA-TVXIRPTOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002346 eprinomectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003276 erythromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124307 fluoroquinolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940060367 inert ingredients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002418 ivermectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002949 juvenile hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003120 macrolide antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002531 marbofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XCWIEIVORUMFMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1.COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XCWIEIVORUMFMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FXWHFKOXMBTCMP-WMEDONTMSA-N milbemycin Natural products COC1C2OCC3=C/C=C/C(C)CC(=CCC4CC(CC5(O4)OC(C)C(C)C(OC(=O)C(C)CC(C)C)C5O)OC(=O)C(C=C1C)C23O)C FXWHFKOXMBTCMP-WMEDONTMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- YZBLFMPOMVTDJY-CBYMMZEQSA-N moxidectin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(\C)=C\C(C)C)[C@@H](C)C(=N/OC)\C[C@@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\C[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 YZBLFMPOMVTDJY-CBYMMZEQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004816 moxidectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004780 orbifloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020573 organic concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000625 oxytetracycline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N oxytetracycline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@](O)(C)[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@H]4[C@H](N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)[C@@]4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019366 oxytetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002960 penicillins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000955 prescription drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AFJYYKSVHJGXSN-KAJWKRCWSA-N selamectin Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C(/C)=C/C[C@@H](O[C@]2(O[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC2)C2CCCCC2)C2)C[C@@H]2OC(=O)[C@@H]([C@]23O)C=C(C)C(=N\O)/[C@H]3OC\C2=C/C=C/[C@@H]1C AFJYYKSVHJGXSN-KAJWKRCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002245 selamectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SFKUIGDOGVNRJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;3-sulfanylpropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound [Na].OCC(O)CS SFKUIGDOGVNRJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N terramycin dehydrate Natural products C1=CC=C2C(O)(C)C3C(O)C4C(N(C)C)C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(=O)C4(O)C(O)=C3C(=O)C2=C1O IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019364 tetracycline Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003522 tetracyclines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940040944 tetracyclines Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OTVAEFIXJLOWRX-NXEZZACHSA-N thiamphenicol Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C([C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)C=C1 OTVAEFIXJLOWRX-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003053 thiamphenicol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000223 tilmicosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JTSDBFGMPLKDCD-XVFHVFLVSA-N tilmicosin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)CC(=O)O[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(\C)/C=C/C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H]1CCN1C[C@H](C)C[C@H](C)C1)CO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1)OC)CC)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@H](N(C)C)[C@H]1O JTSDBFGMPLKDCD-XVFHVFLVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002859 tulathromycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003952 β-lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
- A61K9/0007—Effervescent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
- A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an effervescent pharmaceutical composition of florfenicol (FFC), and antibiotics of related structure in the form of blend powder, granules or tablets.
- the composition is providing a rapidly solubilizing additive for addition to drinking water systems for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals.
- Florfenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic, structurally related to thiomphenicol and chloramphenicol, which has been developed as a veterinary treatment for use in animals, particularly cattle, swine, poultry, and fish.
- Florfenicol is indicated for the control of mortality due to E. coli airsacculitis in broiler chickens, and for treatment and control of swine respiratory diseases associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, Mycoplasma, Salmonella cholera suis and Streptococcus suis Type II.
- veterinary products containing florfenicol are available in the form of injectable (for treatment of cattle respiratory diseases) powder or granules (addition to feed in aquaculture) and as concentrate nonaqueous organic solution (for addition in swine and poultry drinking water systems),
- the effervescent product designed for addition to drinking water systems has significant appeal to the industry because of its ease of administration.
- Nuflor® Concentrate Solution uses a high content of organic solvent to provide an immediate solubilization of florfenicol in water and can be used not only in the bulk water source, at the efficacious concentration of 400 mg/gal ( ⁇ 0.1 mg/mL), but also with an automated proportioner mixing tank system (mixing ratio of 1 oz. to 1 gallon) at a concentration of ⁇ 13.5 mg/mL.
- an organic concentrate solution that would be eliminated with the use of a soluble powder formulation.
- the bottles in which the concentrate solution is dispensed create disposal and storage issues, especially for large facilities that need to treat more than one drinking water line at the same time. Furthermore, a limited expiration date has been observed for this product.
- a soluble powder formulation could overcome issues associated with the concentrate organic solution. For example, an improved powder composition would ideally be expected to be a stable dosage form with an extended shelf life. It would also be ideally dispensed in smaller packages and thus pose less problems with disposal.
- improved products should be formulated without including any sugar based fillers such as lactose or sucrose, so as to prevent any possible problem of bacteria or mold growth in the drinking water lines.
- florfenicol as soluble powder in the drinking water system is not an easy task.
- One of the challenges is its relatively low water-solubility (1.23 mg/mL).
- Another challenge associated with developing a soluble powder containing florfenicol is the drug's limited wettability in water.
- florfenicol floats on the surface and does not disperse evenly throughout the volume of water.
- various techniques have been suggested to overcome these issues.
- Various pro-drug formulations and other solubilization techniques such as the use of surfactants and encapsulation, have been proposed (U.S. Pat. No. 7,122,198). Recently, efforts have been directed to provide novel formulations containing florfenicol.
- effervescent formulations of the invention are typically in the form of free flowing powders, granules or tablets.
- one aspect of the invention provides effervescent formulations that contain:
- the formulations are capable of effervescence in the presence of moisture and can rapidly disperse and dissolve the florfenicol with minimal or no agitation in water.
- the ratio of the alkaline component to the acid component is greater than 1:1.
- One particular alkaline component used in the effervescent formulations is sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- Some particular acid components include citric acid, tartaric acid and mixtures thereof.
- the invention provides effervescent formulations comprising florfenicol for use in animal drinking water system.
- the effervescent formulations are stable powders, granules or compressed tablets that can be added directly to the drinking water system to reach the antibiotic therapeutic dose with a fast solubility rate profile.
- “effervescent couple” shall be understood to include the acid and alkaline components that generate gas upon reaction in the presence of moisture or water.
- animal shall be understood to include, but not be limited to, swine, cattle, poultry or any domesticated animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to make produce such as food or fiber or for its labor.
- Florfenicol can be prepared as an effervescent formulation as free base or in its salt form and also in any of its derivatives form such as phosphate derivatives and any florfenicol pro-drugs. Florfenicol is not hygroscopic, so its incorporation in an effervescent formulation does not cause instability due to water absorption. Florfenicol is also known as [R-(R*, S*)]-2,2-Dichloro-N-[1-(fluoromethyl)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-[(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-ethyl]acetamide.
- the amount of florfenicol included in the effervescent formulation may range from about 10% to about 65% by weight. In some particular aspects, the amount of florfenicol is from about 20 to about 50% by weight of the formulation, while in other particular aspects, the amount is from about 40 to about 50% by weight. In one particular aspect the amount is about 20%.
- the effervescent formulations preferably contain an acid and alkaline mixture that generates carbon dioxide upon contact with water. Alternatively any effervescent materials that energetically evolve gasses upon contact with water can be incorporated.
- the alkaline component of the couple is particularly present in excess of the stoichiometric equivalent of the acid component, i.e. the ratio of alkaline component to acid component is greater than 1:1. In some particular aspects of the invention, the ratio of alkaline component to acid component is from about 1.1:1 to about 1.5:1. In another particular aspect, the ratio between acidic and basic component is stoichiometrically calculated to be about 1:1.44.
- the amount of the alkaline component included in the effervescent formulations is from about 20 to about 80% by wt of the formulation, and particularly from about 20 to about 50% by wt, and particularly from about 30 to about 45% by wt ( ⁇ 30-45% in examples). In another particular aspect, the amount of an alkaline component included in the effervescent formulation is about 41% by wt of the formulation.
- the amount of the acid component in the effervescent formulations described herein can range from about 0 to about 60% by wt, particularly from about 20 to about 40% by wt, and particularly from about 30 to about 40% by wt ( ⁇ 30-40% in examples). In another aspect, the amount of acid component in the effervescent formulation described herein is about 36% by wt of the formulation.
- the alkaline component is particularly a carbonate or bicarbonate salt such as potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or mixtures thereof.
- the alkaline component is sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- salts suitable for use in illustrative embodiments include, but are not limited to, the alkali metal salts.
- sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium bicarbonate, mixtures thereof and the like such as alkali metal carbonates or bicarbonates may all be employed, as well as those materials well known in the art of effervescent materials.
- the acid component of the effervescent formulation can be selected from among a wide variety of pharmaceutically acceptable acids.
- a non-limiting list includes, but is not limited to, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, oxalic acid, sulfamic acid, mixtures thereof and the like.
- acids included are citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid malic acid, mixtures thereof and the like.
- the foregoing is merely illustrative. Combinations of the foregoing as well as mixtures with other acids not specifically mentioned herein are also contemplated.
- excipients such as colorants, fillers, diluents, surfactants, sweeteners, flavorants, preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, as well as other ancillary pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients and the like and mixtures thereof may be added to the formulations.
- the formulations can also contain additional common excipients such us binders, lubricants, diluents, surfactants, solvents and mixtures thereof.
- diluent is lactose anhydrous.
- Other diluents that are suitable include without limitation microcrystalline cellulose, sorbitol, starch and calcium phosphate.
- the amount of diluent can range from about 0% by wt. to about 40% by wt.
- One particular lubricant is magnesium stearate but other suitable lubricants can include, without limitation, calcium phosphate and/or calcium phosphate dibasic. The amount of lubricant can range from about 0% by wt. to about 5% by wt.
- One particular surfactant is Tween80, but other suitable surfactants can include, without limitation, sodium lauryl sulfate. The amount of surfactant can range from about 0% by wt. to about 10% by wt.
- One particular binder is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) 30. The amount of binder can range from about 2 to about 20% by wt in aqueous or alcoholic solution.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
- a non-limiting list of suitable alternatives may include polyvinylpyrrolidone 90, starch, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrilamide and polyvinyl alcohols.
- ingredients may be added to the present composition, as desired.
- Such ingredients include preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, colorants, sweeteners and flavorants.
- exemplary preservatives include methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (methylparaben) and propyl p-hydroxybenzoate (propylparaben).
- exemplary antioxidants include butylated hydroxyanisole and sodium monothioglycerol.
- Particular stabilizers for use in the present invention include, for example, BHT or citric acid.
- One particular stabilizer to prevent degradation of any of the active ingredients in the formulations of the present invention is BHT in a concentration between about 0.01% (w/w) and about 0.05% (w/w).
- Suitable stabilizers include, for example fumaric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid.
- a suitable acid when used as a preservative, it can be added in addition to or as part of the acid component, according with the stoichiometric ratio between the acid and basic components in the effervescent formulation.
- Exemplary sweeteners are mannitol, lactose, sucrose and dextrose.
- Some particular aspects of the invention include an effervescent couple (the combination of alkaline and acid components, which together form the effervescence in aqueous solutions), which is preferably composed of citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate or tartaric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- effervescent couple the combination of alkaline and acid components, which together form the effervescence in aqueous solutions
- solid acid/carbonate couples may be substituted.
- sodium glycine carbonate or malic acid and sodium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate or any combination of these acid and alkaline components can be used.
- Exemplary solvents include, but are not limited to, ethanol and water. Ethanol is preferred to prevent the effervescent reaction during a wet granulation process.
- the effervescent formulations may contain a second pharmaceutically active composition that does not interfere or otherwise hamper the effectiveness of the florfenicol. It will be appreciated that other active ingredients may be combined with the formulations of the present invention.
- Such ingredients may include, for example, anti-inflammatory agents such as corticosteroids, NSAIDS, such as flunixin, COX-inhibitors and other analgesics, antiparasitic compounds such as, for example, an avermectin compound such as ivermectin, doramectin, milbemycin, selamectin, emamectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin, and/or optionally a flukicide. It may also be preferred to employ a second antibiotic in the formulation. Preferred antibiotics may include tetracyclines. Particularly preferred is chlorotetracycline and oxytetracycline.
- antibiotics include beta-lactams, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, e.g., penicillin, amoxicillin, or a combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid or other beta lactamase inhibitors, ceftiofur, cefquinome, etc.
- Additional preferred antibiotics include fluoroquinolones, such as, for example, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, difloxacin, orbifloxacin and marbofloxacin, and macrolide antibiotics such as tilmicosin, tulathromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts there of and the like.
- insect growth regulators in combination with the formulations of the present invention.
- the effervescent mixture i.e. the alkaline component and acid component are prepared in a stoichiometric ratio in which the alkaline component is present in a stoichiometric excess to that of the acid component.
- the florfenicol and any optional active is incorporated therein and dry blended. If a blended powder is the final product, flavorants, sweeteners, preservatives and antioxidants, if added, are incorporated at this point.
- a wet granulation is performed, a solution containing the selected binder and solvent is prepared and added to the mixture. The preparation is mixed until suitable granulation is achieved.
- Flavorants, sweeteners, preservatives and antioxidants, if added, are incorporated in the binder/solvent solution.
- the granules are then dried, milled and screened to the desired size.
- the formulations described herein can also be prepared via direct compression.
- the methods include introducing a sufficient amount of an effervescent formulation as described herein into water, and administering the resultant solution to an animal in need thereof, as part of the liquid to be ingested by the animal, e.g., the formulation may be added into its drinking water system to administer the treatment and therapeutic dose to an animal in need of such treatment.
- the amount administered is a therapeutically- or prophylactically-effective amount of the florfenicol solution resulting from the introduction of the effervescent formulation and water.
- the amount of effervescent formulation added to water is an amount that is sufficient to bring the concentration of florfenicol in the drinking water to from about 0.05 mg/mL to about 25 mg/mL.
- the concentration of florfenicol in the drinking water will be from about 0.01 mg/mL to about 0.2 mg/mL.
- the concentration will be about 0.1 in the bulk drinking water, and a concentration of about 13.5 ⁇ 0.1 mg/mL when the aqueous solutions are used in a typical proportioner mixing ratio of 1:128 gallons.
- suitable periods of treatment will range from about 1 to about 5 days or longer if needed using the novel formulations in drinking water at the concentrations mentioned above.
- the animals will drink the treated water ad libitum. It is nonetheless contemplated that sufficient amounts of the florfenicol will be administered to the animals in need thereof when it is available for drinking for the periods mentioned above.
- the effervescent compositions of the present invention may, if desired, be presented in a pack or dispenser device, such as an FDA approved kit, which may contain one or more unit dosage forms containing the effervescent formulation in the form of compressed tablets, granules or powder containing the active ingredient.
- the pack may, for example, comprise metal or plastic foil, such as a blister pack.
- the pack may also consist of a soluble biodegradable pouch ready to use, sealed in a metal plastic foil.
- the pack or dispenser device may be accompanied by instructions for administration.
- the pack or dispenser may also be accompanied by a notice associated with the container in a form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals, which notice is reflective of approval by the agency of the form of the compositions or of human or veterinary administration.
- a notice associated with the container in a form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use or sale of pharmaceuticals, which notice is reflective of approval by the agency of the form of the compositions or of human or veterinary administration.
- Such notice for example, may be of the labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for prescription drugs or of an approved product insert.
- Compositions comprising a compound of the invention formulated in a compatible pharmaceutical carrier may also be prepared, placed in an appropriate container, and labeled for treatment of an indicated condition.
- the kit can be used in connection with the treating or preventing of a bacterial infection in an animal in need thereof and include a sufficient amount of the effervescent formulation described herein and instructions for introducing the effervescent formulation into drinking water to be given to the animal in need thereof.
- Citric acid and Tartaric acid are mixed in a suitable container and sodium hydrogen carbonate is added. Florfenicol is dry blended with the effervescent mixture until homogeneity is achieved. A solution of PVP is prepared in ethanol and slowly added to the dry components. The mixture is mixed until a suitable granulation point is achieved. Additional components, if present, such as surfactants, flavorants or antioxidants are added to the PVP solution. The granules are then dried, milled and screened.
- a dissolution test was performed using a USP apparatus 2 with paddle agitation at 50 rpm.
- the dissolution medium was Milli-Q water maintained at a temperature of 25° C.
- the effervescent formulations were added directly to the water in the correct amount to achieve a final concentration of 0.1 mg/mL of florfenicol.
- Aliquots of the resulting solution were withdrawn and analyzed using either UV-VIS spectrophotometry or HPLC, the latter to exclude excipient contribution or degradation of florfenicol.
- HPLC analysis an organic/aqueous mobile phase was used for the separation on a C18, reverse phase column. Detection was performed by UV absorption spectrometry. The percent dissolved was calculated versus an external reference standard prepared at the nominal concentration of the analyte.
- Pure florfenicol was analyzed as a comparator to assess the effectiveness of the effervescent formulation. Referring now to the tables below, it can be seen that pure florfenicol was only 25% dissolved in 15 minutes and 43% dissolved within 60 minutes. By comparison, florfenicol formulated as an effervescent mixture as per Example 1 was 97% dissolved in 5 minutes and 100% dissolved within 60 minutes. Therefore, the effervescent formulation increased the florfenicol rate of dissolution and allowed a complete dissolution within 5 minutes of the addition to water.
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Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/957,668 US20080145317A1 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2007-12-17 | Effervescent formulations of florfenicol for addition in drinking water systems |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US87070506P | 2006-12-19 | 2006-12-19 | |
US11/957,668 US20080145317A1 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2007-12-17 | Effervescent formulations of florfenicol for addition in drinking water systems |
Publications (1)
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US20080145317A1 true US20080145317A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
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US11/957,668 Abandoned US20080145317A1 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2007-12-17 | Effervescent formulations of florfenicol for addition in drinking water systems |
Country Status (10)
Cited By (8)
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US20040242546A1 (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-02 | Schering-Plough Animal Health Corporation | Compositions and method for treating infection in cattle and swine |
US20080146640A1 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Glinka Tomasz W | Water-Soluble Prodrugs of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Analogs Thereof |
US20090156683A1 (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2009-06-18 | Schering-Plough Animal Health Corporation | Fast release solid formulation, preparation and use thereof |
CN101972237A (zh) * | 2010-08-14 | 2011-02-16 | 格特生物制药(天津)有限公司 | 一种畜禽用泡腾片的制备方法 |
US20110166359A1 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2011-07-07 | Paquette Leo A | Process for preparing oxazoline-protected aminodiol compounds useful as intermediates to florfenicol |
EP2491920A1 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-29 | Deva Holding Anonim Sirketi | Effervescent tablet, sachet and dry syrup of gemifloxacin |
US20130203858A1 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2013-08-08 | Nanocore Biotecnologia S.A. | Fast-Dissolving Solid Pharmaceutical Form for Treating Bacterial Infections |
CN105640889A (zh) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-06-08 | 天津嘉创生物科技有限公司 | 氟苯尼考可溶性粉及其制备方法 |
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FR2925335B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-03-19 | Ceva Sante Animale | Compositions orales liquides de florfenicol diluables dans l'eau de boisson |
CN101966200A (zh) * | 2010-07-26 | 2011-02-09 | 天津生机集团股份有限公司 | 用于治疗禽消化道细菌感染的组合物及其制备方法 |
WO2014174405A1 (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2014-10-30 | Webb Johannes Arnoldus Vosloo | Pharmaceutical preparation |
CN103550755B (zh) * | 2013-11-04 | 2015-05-20 | 河南牧翔动物药业有限公司 | 一种氟苯尼考硫酸粘菌素可溶性粉及其制备方法 |
EP2995297A1 (fr) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-03-16 | Ceva Sante Animale | Compositions parentérales et leurs utilisations |
CN114917193B (zh) * | 2022-05-07 | 2023-05-30 | 广东温氏大华农生物科技有限公司 | 一种适应复杂水质的盐酸金霉素可溶性粉及其制备方法 |
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- 2007-12-17 JP JP2009542824A patent/JP2010513487A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-17 EP EP07862951A patent/EP2120858A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-17 BR BRPI0720492-2A patent/BRPI0720492A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-12-17 RU RU2009127496/15A patent/RU2009127496A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-17 CN CNA2007800470236A patent/CN101600418A/zh active Pending
- 2007-12-17 KR KR1020097014679A patent/KR20090090387A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-17 CA CA002672863A patent/CA2672863A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-17 US US11/957,668 patent/US20080145317A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-17 MX MX2009006714A patent/MX2009006714A/es unknown
- 2007-12-17 WO PCT/US2007/025669 patent/WO2008085310A2/en active Application Filing
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US20110166359A1 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2011-07-07 | Paquette Leo A | Process for preparing oxazoline-protected aminodiol compounds useful as intermediates to florfenicol |
US20130203858A1 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2013-08-08 | Nanocore Biotecnologia S.A. | Fast-Dissolving Solid Pharmaceutical Form for Treating Bacterial Infections |
CN101972237A (zh) * | 2010-08-14 | 2011-02-16 | 格特生物制药(天津)有限公司 | 一种畜禽用泡腾片的制备方法 |
EP2491920A1 (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2012-08-29 | Deva Holding Anonim Sirketi | Effervescent tablet, sachet and dry syrup of gemifloxacin |
CN105640889A (zh) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-06-08 | 天津嘉创生物科技有限公司 | 氟苯尼考可溶性粉及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2010513487A (ja) | 2010-04-30 |
RU2009127496A (ru) | 2011-01-27 |
EP2120858A2 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
CN101600418A (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
BRPI0720492A2 (pt) | 2014-02-04 |
KR20090090387A (ko) | 2009-08-25 |
MX2009006714A (es) | 2009-08-31 |
CA2672863A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
WO2008085310A2 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
WO2008085310A3 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
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