US20080096041A1 - Pleated Sintered Metal Fiber Medium - Google Patents

Pleated Sintered Metal Fiber Medium Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080096041A1
US20080096041A1 US11/628,083 US62808305A US2008096041A1 US 20080096041 A1 US20080096041 A1 US 20080096041A1 US 62808305 A US62808305 A US 62808305A US 2008096041 A1 US2008096041 A1 US 2008096041A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal fiber
sintered metal
fiber medium
medium
pleat
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Abandoned
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US11/628,083
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English (en)
Inventor
Pieter Rommens
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Bekaert NV SA
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Bekaert NV SA
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Filing date
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Application filed by Bekaert NV SA filed Critical Bekaert NV SA
Assigned to NV BEKAERT SA reassignment NV BEKAERT SA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ROMMENS, PIETER
Publication of US20080096041A1 publication Critical patent/US20080096041A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B22F3/164—Partial deformation or calibration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2027—Metallic material
    • B01D39/2041—Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • B01D39/2044—Metallic material the material being filamentary or fibrous sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/002—Manufacture of articles essentially made from metallic fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/1241—Nonplanar uniform thickness or nonlinear uniform diameter [e.g., L-shape]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to sintered metal fiber media, and more in particular to pleated sintered metal fiber media and a method for pleating sintered metal fiber media.
  • Sintered metal fiber medium is well known in the art. More in particular, it is well known for its use as liquid or gas filtration, such as e.g. polymer and ink jet filtration or hot gas filtration, e.g. soot filtration in diesel exhaust filtration applications.
  • liquid or gas filtration such as e.g. polymer and ink jet filtration or hot gas filtration, e.g. soot filtration in diesel exhaust filtration applications.
  • the sintered metal fiber media have the disadvantage that it is difficult to pleat to U-shapes, having a small angle between the two legs, e.g. an angle smaller than 90° or in extreme, having legs being essentially parallel to each other, this is an angle being 0°.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,276,045B1 describes a method to pleat sintered metal fiber medium, meanwhile avoiding deleterious deformation of the sintered metal fiber medium at the flanks of the pleats.
  • Pleating of sintered metal fiber media may cause rupture of the sintering points at the outer side of the bend, especially when the angle over which the sintered metal fiber medium is bend, is larger than 120°. For this reason, bends over an angle of less than 100° are usually avoided, or additional means are provided at the outer bend side of the medium to avoid such ruptures. Such means may be metal scrims or grid.
  • Sintered metal fiber medium may be pleated while the angles between the legs are kept relatively large.
  • Sintered metal fiber maxima being pleated according to a U-shaped pleat having a required small angle between the planes of the legs, such as smaller than 90°, or even having essentially parallel legs can be obtained using a bending part which provides a large distance between the legs at the coupling with the bending part, in which bending part having too small bending radii are avoided.
  • the distance is made too small, e.g. smaller than 5 times the thickness of the medium, the sintered metal fiber medium at the inner side of the U-shape, has the tendency to upset in an uncontrolled way, which may even lead to rupture of the sintered structure at this inner side.
  • the trapped soot may be removed from the sintered metal fiber medium filter by heating the medium using its electrical conductivity. Electrical current is supplied to, and conducted by the medium from one end of the medium to the other. Due to the joule effect, the sintered metal fiber medium is heated and the combustible soot is ignited, thus removed as the carbon and other C-comprising particulates are converted into CO 2 .
  • the pleated sintered metal fiber medium has the tendency to burn through at the location of fiber ruptures due to a too large current passing through the reduced mount of sintered fibers at the ruptures.
  • a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention comprising at least one pleat, which pleat comprising a first leg being present according to a first plane, and a second leg being present according to a second plane.
  • the first plane and the second plane intersect along an intersection line at a dihedral angle ⁇ .
  • the pleat comprises a bending part for coupling the first and the second leg.
  • the medium has an average thickness at the legs of TI.
  • the bending part comprises at least a first distinct linear zone, which zone is substantially parallel to the intersection line, in which first linear zone the medium has a minimum thickness Tb, smaller than TI.
  • a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention is characterized in that Tb is smaller than 0.5 times TI, more preferred smaller than or equal to 0.45 times TI or even smaller than or equal to 0.4 times TI.
  • the thickness of the medium is reduced.
  • minimum thickness is to be understood at the smallest thickness which is measured in the linear zone over which the thickness of the medium is reduced.
  • the width W of the linear zone, over which width the medium thickness is reduced to some extent preferably is equal or more than TI-Tb, and more preferred equal or more than 1.5 times TI-Tb or even equal or more than 1.75 times TI-Tb such as equal to or more than 2 times TI-Tb.
  • the width W is measured as the average distance between the two edges of the linear zone when the two planes of the two legs are aligned.
  • Such sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention can be pleated more easily using this linear zone as a bending axis, providing two legs which are present according to two intersecting planes, which intersect at a dihedral angle smaller than 180° and preferably larger than 90°, without the risk of obtaining cracks or rupture of the sintered metal fiber medium at the outer surface of the pleat.
  • the bending part may comprise only one linear zone in which the medium thickness is reduced to a minimum thickness Tb according to the present invention.
  • the bending part may comprise two linear zones, which are substantially parallel to each other, which zones having preferably a substantially equal minimum thickness
  • a dihedral angle ⁇ smaller than 90° may be obtained between the two intersecting planes defined by the legs, a dihedral angle ⁇ between 180° and 90° is possible as well.
  • the dihedral angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the planes defined by the inner surface of the legs between which two legs one, two or more substantially parallel linear zones are present in order to obtain one pleat of the sintered metal fiber medium.
  • more than two linear zones with reduced thickness may be used to provide the pleat in the sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention. It was noticed that, in case more than one linear zone with reduced thickness is used, during and after bending, the medium present between adjacent linear zones of the bending part may show an increased medium thickness. This due to upsetting of the fibers in the medium present between the linear zones.
  • the sintered metal fiber medium may be provided with U-shaped pleats having flanks of media being closer to each other as in known from prior art, and upsetting at the inner side of the U-shape in a controlled, uniform way without causing the sintered structure to break at this side, as well as at the outer side of the pleat.
  • the distance D is measured as the average distance between the edges of the first linear zones, and the edge of the second linear zone, which edges being adjacent to the other, when the two planes of the two legs are aligned.
  • the fibers at the outer surface of the pleat does not rupture or protrude out of this outer surface for sintered metal fiber media as subject of the invention. Further, only a small part of the medium is used to make the bend.
  • the sintered metal fiber media are used for electrically heated media, e.g. electrically regenerated soot filters, no burn through are noticed.
  • Such sintered metal fiber medium can be obtained by using a method to pleat a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention.
  • the method as subject of the invention to pleat a sintered metal fiber medium comprises the steps of
  • the reduction of the thickness at least this first line to a minimum thickness Tb is preferably such that Tb is less than or equal to 0.45 times TI or even less than or equal to 0.4 times TI, wherein TI is the average thickness of the medium at the legs of the pleat.
  • This thickness reduction according to a step of the methods as subject of the invention can be done in several ways, e.g. by pressing a line-shaped die into the sintered metal fiber medium at one side of the sintered metal fiber medium.
  • a rotatable wheel can be pressed onto one side of the sintered metal fiber medium, and moved according to a first line on the surface of the sintered metal fiber medium, while it is pressed into the sintered metal fiber medium.
  • a second, substantially parallel line may be provided in a similar way, using the same or a second wheel.
  • a rotatable wheel having two parallel ribs along the circumference of the wheel may be used to reduce the thickness at the two linear zones.
  • a part of the sintered metal fiber medium is defined, which is to function as the bending part of the sintered metal fiber medium which will be obtained after executing the bending step.
  • This part has a with equal to the distance D between the adjacent linear zones.
  • the width of the first and the width of the second zone may be substantially equal to each other.
  • a linear zone which has a with W, and which has a minimum thickness of the medium Tb. It was found that preferably W being equal or larger than TI-Tb is chosen. Even more preferred, W is equal or more than 1.5 times TI-Tb or even equal or more than 1.75 times TI-Tb such as equal to or more than 2 times TI-Tb. This applies for both in case only one linear zone is used. This applies as well for one of the two linear zones in case two such linear zones are used. However, preferably this applies for both linear zones in case two such linear zones are used.
  • the distance D between the two lines is chosen larger than the width W of the linear zones.
  • D may be however in the range from W to 5 times TI, or even in the range from W to 4 times TI such as in the range from W to 3 times TI, e.g. in the range from W to 2 time TI.
  • the distance D is measured as the average distance between the edges of the first linear zones, and the edge of the second linear zone, which edges being adjacent to the other, when the two planes of the two legs are aligned.
  • the pleated sintered metal fiber medium can be pleated providing a pleat with two legs being under a dihedral angle preferably in the range of 180° to 90° at the intersection, for which the fibers at the outer surface of the pleat does not rupture or protrude out of this outer surface. This meanwhile using only a small part of the medium is used to make the bend.
  • Sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention may be provided using any known metal fiber.
  • the metal fibers are for example made of steel such as stainless steel.
  • Preferred stainless steel alloys are AISI 300 or AISI 400-serie alloys, such as AISI 316L or AISI 347, or alloys comprising Fe, Al and Cr, stainless steel comprising Chromium, Aluminum and/or Nickel and 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of Yttrium, Cerium, Lanthanum, Hafnium or Titanium, such as e.g. DIN 1.4767 alloys or Fecralloy®, are used. Also Cupper or Copper-alloys, or Titanium or Titanium alloys may be used.
  • the metal fibers can also be made of Nickel or a Nickel alloy or Aluminum or an Aluminum-alloy.
  • Metal fibers may be made by any presently known metal fiber production method, e.g. by bundle drawing operation, by coil shaving operation as described in JP3083144, by wire shaving operations (such as steel wool) or by a method providing metal fibers from a bath of molten metal alloy.
  • the metal fibers used to provide the sintered metal fiber medium are characterized in having an equivalent diameter Df.
  • equivalent diameter of a metal fiber is meant the diameter of an imaginary circle having the same surface as the surface of a radial cross section of the fiber.
  • the equivalent diameter Df of the metal fibers is less than 100 ⁇ m such as less than 65 ⁇ m, more preferably less than 36 ⁇ m such as 35 ⁇ m, 22 ⁇ m or 17 ⁇ m. Possibly the equivalent diameter of the metal fibers is less than 15 ⁇ m, such as 14 ⁇ m, 12 ⁇ m or 11 ⁇ m, or less than 9 ⁇ m such as e.g. 8 ⁇ m.
  • the equivalent diameter Df of the metal fibers may even be less than 7 ⁇ m or less than 6 ⁇ m, e.g. less than 5 ⁇ m, such as 1 ⁇ m, 1.5 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m, or 4 ⁇ m.
  • the average thickness of the sintered metal fiber medium is preferably less than 5 mm, such as less than 2.5 mm or less than 2 mm.
  • the sintered metal fiber medium may have mechanical properties in a wide range.
  • the porosity of the metal fiber medium as subject of the invention may vary between 50% and 99.9%, such as more preferred between 60% and 95%.
  • SF specific weight per m 3 of alloy out of which the metal fibers of the sintered metal fiber medium are provided.
  • the sintered metal fiber medium may comprise one or more layers of mutually equal or different metal fibers.
  • the different layers may vary in thickness, weight per surface unit, porosity, differences in metal fibers such as alloys, equivalent diameters, and many more.
  • the number of pleats in a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention may vary over a large extent, and can be chosen according to the intended use of the sintered metal fiber medium.
  • the shape of the pleats, and the length of the legs between adjacent pleas are to be equal for al bends in the sintered metal fiber medium.
  • FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 a and FIG. 3 b show schematically a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 a , FIG. 4 b and FIG. 4 c , FIG. 5 a , FIG. 5 b and FIG. 5 c and FIG. 6 a , FIG. 6 b and FIG. 6 c show schematically a method for providing a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 a is a cross section of the sintered metal fiber medium from FIG. 1 a , according to the plane AA′.
  • the pleat 101 comprises a first leg 120 , a second leg 130 and a bending part 140 .
  • the first leg 120 is present according to a plane 121 and the second leg 130 is present according to a second plane 131 .
  • a dihedral angle ⁇ is measured.
  • the sintered metal fiber medium has an average medium thickness TI.
  • a linear zone 160 is present at the bending part of the pleat.
  • a minimal thickness Tb can be measured, which minimal thickness Tb is preferable substantially equal for each cross section perpendicular to the length of the linear zone.
  • a sintered metal fiber medium comprising bundle drawn stainless steel fibers out of AISI 316L alloy with a thickness TI of 1.35 mm was provided with one pleat which comprises a bending zone, in which the thickness was reduced by pressing a wire rod with diameter 2 mm in the medium over a depth of 0.95 mm.
  • the width W of the linear zone is 1.99 mm.
  • the cross section of the bending zone 140 show the imprint of the circular circumference of the wire rod. Tb measured in the linear zone 160 is 0.4 mm.
  • the metal fiber medium 100 could be bend easily providing a dihedral angle ⁇ between the planes 121 and 131 defined by the two legs 120 and 130 , which ⁇ ranges from 180° to 80°, without creation of cracks at the outer surface 170 of the medium in the bending part. Similar results were obtained when Tb was 1.05 mm to 1.25 mm. For these embodiments, W is equal to 2 mm.
  • An embodiment was provided using a sintered metal fiber medium comprising bundle drawn stainless steel fibers out of AISI 316L alloy with a thickness TI of 2.1 mm.
  • the medium was provided with a pleat which comprises a bending zone, in which the thickness was reduced by pressing a wire rod with diameter 2 mm in the medium over a depth of 1 mm or more.
  • the width W of the linear zone is 2 mm.
  • the cross section of the bending zone 140 show the imprint of the circular circumference of the wire rod. Tb measured in the linear zone 160 is 1 mm or less.
  • the metal fiber medium 100 could be bend easily providing a dihedral angle ⁇ between the planes 121 and 131 defined by the two legs 120 and 130 , which ⁇ ranges from 180° to 90°, without creation of cracks at the outer surface 170 of the medium in the bending part.
  • the pleats 201 which are identical to the pleats in FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b , can be used to provide a zigzag shaped sintered metal fiber medium 200 . This by providing the pleats alternating on the first side 210 and second side 220 of the sintered metal fiber medium 200 .
  • FIG. 3 a is a cross section of the sintered metal fiber medium from FIG. 3 a , according to the plane BB′.
  • the pleat 301 comprises a first leg 320 , a second leg 330 and a bending part 340 .
  • the first leg 320 is present according to a plane 321 and the second leg 330 is present according to a second plane 331 .
  • a dihedral angle ⁇ may be measured.
  • the sintered metal fiber medium has an average medium thickness TI.
  • the bending part of the pleat comprises two linear zone 361 and 362 . In these zones a minimal thickness Tb can be measured, which minimal thickness Tb is preferable substantially equal for each cross section perpendicular to the length of the linear zone.
  • FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b An embodiment was provided using a sintered metal fiber medium identical as the sintered metal fiber medium as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b .
  • the medium was provided with a pleat which comprises a bending zone, in which the thickness was reduced by pressing two substantially parallel wire rods with diameter 2 mm in the medium over a depth of 0.95 mm or more.
  • the width W of the linear zone is 1.99 mm up to 2 mm.
  • the cross section of the bending zone 340 show the imprints of the circular circumference of the wire rods. Tb measured in the linear zones 361 and 362 is 0.45 mm or less.
  • the metal fiber medium 300 could be bend easily providing a dihedral angle ⁇ between the planes 321 and 331 defined by the two legs 320 and 330 , which ⁇ ranges from 180° to approximately 0°, without creation of cracks at the outer surface 370 of the medium in the bending part. Bulging 380 of metal fibers at the inner side 371 of the pleat was noticed. This could be reduced by choosing the distance D between the adjacent linear zones 361 and 362 larger than W.
  • FIG. 4 a A method for providing a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention is schematically shown in FIG. 4 a , FIG. 4 b and FIG. 4 c.
  • a sintered metal fiber medium 400 is provided, which has an average thickness TI.
  • the thickness of the sintered metal fiber medium 400 is reduced over a linear zone 401 , by pressing a mould 404 into the surface 402 of the sintered metal fiber medium 400 .
  • a minimum thickness Tb in the linear zone 401 can be measured.
  • the linear zone 401 has a width W.
  • the two legs 431 and 432 are brought to each other by bending the two legs using the linear zone 401 as bending axis 433 .
  • the bending is executed until the two planes 441 and 442 are under a dihedral angle ⁇ .
  • FIG. 5 a An alternative method to provide a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention is schematically shown in FIG. 5 a , FIG. 5 b and FIG. 5 c.
  • a sintered metal fiber medium 500 is provided, which has an average thickness TI.
  • the thickness of the sintered metal fiber medium 500 is reduced over two substantially parallel linear zones 510 and 520 , by pressing a mould 504 into the surface 502 of the sintered metal fiber medium 500 , which mould has two thicker zones in the form of the two recessions to be pressed into the medium.
  • a minimum thickness Tb in the linear zones 510 and 520 can be measured.
  • the linear zones 510 and 520 have a width W and are on a distance D.
  • the two legs 531 and 532 are brought to each other by bending the two legs using the linear zones 510 and 520 as so to say bending axis 533 .
  • the bending is executed until the two planes 541 and 542 are under a dihedral angle ⁇ .
  • FIG. 6 a An other alternative method to provide a sintered metal fiber medium as subject of the invention is schematically shown in FIG. 6 a , FIG. 6 b and FIG. 6 c.
  • a sintered metal fiber medium 600 is provided, which has an average thickness TI.
  • the thickness of the sintered metal fiber medium 600 is reduced over two substantially parallel linear zones 610 and 620 , by pressing a rotatable wheel 604 into the surface 602 of the sintered metal fiber medium 600 and rolling it in the direction of the bending axis 633 of the linear zones.
  • the wheel 604 has two thicker circumferential zones 650 in the form of the two recessions to be pressed into the medium.
  • a minimum thickness Tb in the linear zones 610 and 620 can be measured.
  • the linear zones 610 and 620 have a width W and are on a distance D.
  • the two legs 631 and 632 are brought to each other by bending the two legs using the linear zones 610 and 620 as so to say bending axis 633 .
  • the bending is executed until the two planes 641 and 642 are under a dihedral angle ⁇ .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
US11/628,083 2004-06-01 2005-04-11 Pleated Sintered Metal Fiber Medium Abandoned US20080096041A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04102431 2004-06-01
EP04102431.6 2004-06-01
PCT/EP2005/051580 WO2005118174A1 (en) 2004-06-01 2005-04-11 Pleated sintered metal fiber medium

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US20080096041A1 true US20080096041A1 (en) 2008-04-24

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US11/628,083 Abandoned US20080096041A1 (en) 2004-06-01 2005-04-11 Pleated Sintered Metal Fiber Medium

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US (1) US20080096041A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1750867B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2008501498A (zh)
CN (1) CN100435994C (zh)
AT (1) ATE471219T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE602005021877D1 (zh)
DK (1) DK1750867T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2345447T3 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005118174A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103423580A (zh) * 2013-07-18 2013-12-04 杭州博数土木工程技术有限公司 转角强化不等厚型波形钢板及制造工艺
EP3797850A1 (de) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-31 Carl Freudenberg KG Filterelement mit materialschwächung an faltinnenkanten

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EP1975293B1 (de) * 2007-03-26 2012-01-25 Groz-Beckert KG Litzentragschiene aus gebogenem Blech

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US3526566A (en) * 1968-08-20 1970-09-01 Downingtown Paper Co Method and apparatus for scoring paperboard and product produced thereby
US4348449A (en) * 1975-09-17 1982-09-07 Melvin Bernard Herrin Process and apparatus for forming flexible fold lines in thermoplastic sheets
US5673538A (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-10-07 Owens Corning Canada Inc. Method for double folding an insulation batt
US5674302A (en) * 1994-07-12 1997-10-07 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Automobile filter element

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US5851634A (en) * 1992-08-11 1998-12-22 E. Khashoggi Industries Hinges for highly inorganically filled composite materials
JP3677328B2 (ja) * 1995-09-25 2005-07-27 新東工業株式会社 排ガス中の炭素系微粒子処理用フィルタ及びこれを用いた炭素系微粒子装置
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US3526566A (en) * 1968-08-20 1970-09-01 Downingtown Paper Co Method and apparatus for scoring paperboard and product produced thereby
US4348449A (en) * 1975-09-17 1982-09-07 Melvin Bernard Herrin Process and apparatus for forming flexible fold lines in thermoplastic sheets
US5674302A (en) * 1994-07-12 1997-10-07 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Automobile filter element
US5673538A (en) * 1995-10-11 1997-10-07 Owens Corning Canada Inc. Method for double folding an insulation batt

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103423580A (zh) * 2013-07-18 2013-12-04 杭州博数土木工程技术有限公司 转角强化不等厚型波形钢板及制造工艺
EP3797850A1 (de) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-31 Carl Freudenberg KG Filterelement mit materialschwächung an faltinnenkanten

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ES2345447T3 (es) 2010-09-23
ATE471219T1 (de) 2010-07-15
JP2008501498A (ja) 2008-01-24
EP1750867A1 (en) 2007-02-14
DE602005021877D1 (de) 2010-07-29
CN1960817A (zh) 2007-05-09
DK1750867T3 (da) 2010-08-23
CN100435994C (zh) 2008-11-26
EP1750867B1 (en) 2010-06-16
WO2005118174A1 (en) 2005-12-15

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