US20080087347A1 - Particle Interactions in a Fluid Flow - Google Patents

Particle Interactions in a Fluid Flow Download PDF

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Publication number
US20080087347A1
US20080087347A1 US10/588,535 US58853505A US2008087347A1 US 20080087347 A1 US20080087347 A1 US 20080087347A1 US 58853505 A US58853505 A US 58853505A US 2008087347 A1 US2008087347 A1 US 2008087347A1
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Prior art keywords
particles
particle
eddies
type
types
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Abandoned
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US10/588,535
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English (en)
Inventor
Rodney John Truce
John Walter Wilkins
Graham Jerrold Nathan
Richard Malcolm Kelso
Peter Anthony Markus Kalt
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Indigo Technologies Group Pty Ltd
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Indigo Technologies Group Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2004900593A external-priority patent/AU2004900593A0/en
Application filed by Indigo Technologies Group Pty Ltd filed Critical Indigo Technologies Group Pty Ltd
Assigned to INDIGO TECHNOLOGIES GROUP PTY LTD reassignment INDIGO TECHNOLOGIES GROUP PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KALT, PETER ANTHONY MARKUS, KELSO, RICHARD MALCOLM, NATHAN, GRAHAM JERROLD, TRUCE, RODNEY JOHN, WILKINS, JOHN WALTER
Publication of US20080087347A1 publication Critical patent/US20080087347A1/en
Priority to US12/709,093 priority Critical patent/US8192072B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/10—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
    • B01D51/02—Amassing the particles, e.g. by flocculation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4322—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa essentially composed of stacks of sheets, e.g. corrugated sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/16—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by suspending the powder material in a gas, e.g. in fluidised beds or as a falling curtain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
    • F15D1/04—Arrangements of guide vanes in pipe elbows or duct bends; Construction of pipe conduit elements or elbows with respect to flow, specially for reducing losses in flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/87652—With means to promote mixing or combining of plural fluids

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for promoting or increasing interactions between different types of particles in a fluid flow.
  • the invention provides a method of designing a formation of vortex generators to generate particle scale turbulence to cause interactions between particular types of particles in a fluid flow in a highly efficient manner.
  • the invention has particular application in air pollution control, by promoting agglomeration of fine pollutant particles in air streams into larger particles to thereby facilitate their subsequent filtration or other removal from the air streams, although the invention is not limited to that application.
  • Opacity is largely determined by the fine particulate fraction of the emission since the light extinction coefficient peaks near the wavelength of light which is between 0.1 and 1 microns.
  • Fine particles in air streams can be made to agglomerate into larger particles by collision/adhesion, thereby facilitating subsequent removal of the particles by filtration.
  • Our international patent applications nos. PCT/NZ00/00223 and PCT/AU2004/000546 disclose energized and passive devices for agglomerating particles. The agglomeration efficiency is dependent upon the incidence or frequency of collisions and similar interactions between the particles.
  • sorbents such as activated carbon can be injected into the polluted air stream to remove mercury (adsorption), or calcium can be injected to remove sulfur dioxide (chemisorption).
  • exhaust gases from the outlet of an industrial process are fed into a large duct which transports them to some downstream collection device (e.g. an electrostatic precipitator, bag filter, or cyclone collector) as uniformly and with as little turbulence/energy loss as possible.
  • some downstream collection device e.g. an electrostatic precipitator, bag filter, or cyclone collector
  • Such turbulence as is generated en route is normally a large scale diversion of gases around turning vanes, around internal duct supports/stiffeners, through diffusion screens and the like.
  • This turbulence is of the scale of the duct and should desirably be the minimum disturbance, and hence pressure drop, possible to achieve the desired flow correction.
  • mixing devices when employed for a specific application, eg. sorption of a particular pollutant, they are usually devices that generate a large-scale turbulence field (of the order of the duct width or height) and are arranged as a short series of curtains that the gases must pass through.
  • the aim of most known mixing devices is to achieve a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. Such devices are not specifically designed to promote interactions between fine particles in the mixture. In most industrial-scale devices involving the transport of particles, the turbulence generated by the mixing is of a large scale relative to the particles. Under such conditions the particles tend to travel in similar paths rather than in collision courses.
  • vortex generators can be used in mixing chambers to promote mixing of fluids.
  • such devices are not generally used in particle laden flows to create collisions between particles.
  • the pollution species which are the more difficult to collect within industrial exhaust flues are those of the order of micrometers in diameter (i.e. 10 ⁇ 6 metres). Due to their small size, they occupy a very small volumetric proportion of the total fluid flow. For example, if uniformly distributed, one million 1 ⁇ m diameter particles would occupy less than 0.00005% of the volume of 1 cm 3 of gas (assuming that the particles are spherical). Even at 10 ⁇ m diameter, this proportion only increases to 0.05%.
  • a pollutant such as Mercury may only account for a few parts per million (ppm) of the total species present, it is apparent that at particle scale, there is a significant amount of space/distance between the species being transported by an industrial flue gas. Where particles are already “well-mixed” in a flow, e.g. disbursed more-or-less randomly throughout a duct (as in an exhaust flue), turbulence of any scale will not be able to mix them more thoroughly.
  • This invention is based on the recognition that two particles of different mass and/or aerodynamic properties in a flowing fluid will respond differently to a turbulence eddy of a predetermined size in the fluid flow. More specifically, if the eddy is of a particular scale, the different particles will be entrained in the eddy to different extents, and will therefore follow different trajectories. Consequently, the likelihood of collision or interaction between the particles is increased.
  • Particles of similar mass and/or aerodynamic properties which are captured by, and entrained in, a turbulent eddy will follow roughly the same path and consequently do not impact with each other to any significant extent.
  • a particle of larger mass and/or different aerodynamic property will not be entrained into the eddy, or will be entrained to a substantially lesser extent, and will therefore travel through the eddy on a different trajectory and be impacted by many more other particles entrained into the same eddy.
  • a formation is designed to generate turbulence of such scale that different particles are entrained to significantly different extents.
  • the present invention provides a method of promoting interaction between at least two types of particles in a fluid stream by generating turbulent eddies in the fluid stream, characterised in that the eddies are of such size and/or intensity that the two types of particles are entrained in the eddies to significantly different extents.
  • the invention provides apparatus for promoting interaction between at least two types of particles in a fluid stream, comprising means for generating turbulent eddies in the fluid stream, characterised in that the eddies are of such size and/or intensity that the two types of particles are entrained in the eddies to significantly different extents.
  • the turbulent eddies are of such size and/or intensity that one type of particle is substantially fully entrained while the other type of particle is not substantially entrained, to thereby maximize relative slip and the likelihood of interactions between the two type of particles.
  • the invention provides a method of custom designing a formation for generating turbulence in a fluid stream to promote interaction between at least two types of particles in the fluid stream, comprising the steps of:
  • step (iii) designing a formation to generate eddies in the fluid stream having the optimal size determined in step (ii) above.
  • the relevant characteristics of the two types of particles normally include the size and density of the particles.
  • the determination of the optimal characteristic eddy size may involve an iteration process.
  • the invention provides a method of custom designing a formation to generate turbulent eddies of such size and scale as to maximise the differential slip velocities of the two particles and thereby maximise the likelihood of interactions between the particles.
  • the eddies in the generated turbulence will be of such size that the slip velocity of the collector particle is maximised, while the slip velocity of the collected particle is minimised.
  • the term “particle” is intended to mean a constituent of a flowing fluid that can be manipulated to effect its collision with another particle in the same fluid flow.
  • the “particle” can be solid (e.g. a fly ash particle), liquid (e.g. a suspended water droplet) or gaseous (e.g. SO 3 , Hg or NO x molecules).
  • This invention can be applied to gas and solid particle interactions, gas and liquid droplet interactions, liquid and solid particle interactions, interactions between different sized droplets, and interactions between different sized particles.
  • the different sized particles may be suspended in a gas or in a liquid, and the different sized droplets may be suspended in a gas.
  • collector particle is intended to mean the larger and/or heavier particle used to collide and/or interact with the “collected” or “collection” particle.
  • reaction is intended to mean that the particles collide or contact or come into sufficiently close proximity so as to result in their agglomeration, sorption, coagulation, catalysation or chemical reaction.
  • slip and “slip velocity” are used to describe the relative velocity between a particle and its surrounding fluid. Hence, if a particle is fully entrained in a turbulent flow, its slip velocity is zero. The more a particle's path diverges from that of its surrounding fluid, the greater will be its slip velocity. Therefore, in this context, if small particles follow the flow more closely than large ones, their slip velocity will be smaller and they will be said to have less “slip”.
  • the fluid stream is a gas or air stream
  • the particles of at least one type are pollutant particles of micron or sub-micron size.
  • this invention is not limited to pollution control uses, and has wider application to other uses in which interaction between particles in a fluid stream is sought to be achieved in a highly efficient manner.
  • Turbulent eddies typically comprise vortex motions with a plurality of different sizes and shapes.
  • a multiplicity of small, low intensity vortices are used to entrain fine (pollutant) particles and subject them to turbulent flow.
  • One or more species of larger “collector” particles are introduced into the gas stream for removal of the pollutant particles
  • the larger collector particles are either not entrained into the vortices, or are entrained to a much smaller extent, so that they follow different trajectories to the fine pollutant particles, resulting in a higher likelihood of contact and/or interaction between the pollutant particles and the larger species.
  • the removal species may be a chemical, such as calcium, which reacts chemically with pollutant particles, (such as sulphur dioxide) to form a third compound (e.g. gypsum).
  • pollutant particles such as sulphur dioxide
  • the removal species of particles may remove the pollutant particles by absorption, or by adsorption (carbon particles adsorbing pollutant mercury particles), or the removal species of particles may simply remove the fine pollutants by agglomerating with the pollutants through impact adhesion. The larger or agglomerated particles are subsequently easier to remove from the gas stream using known methods.
  • a Stokes Number much less than 1 will ensure entrainment of the fine pollutant particles.
  • the larger removal species of particles should have a Stokes Number much greater than 1 so that they are not entrained.
  • the eddies or vortices generated in the gas stream are small, unlike the large scale turbulence of known mixers. Consequently, the formation typically comprises a multitude of components generating a multiplicity of small eddies or vortices.
  • the multiplicity of small eddies or vortices entrain the (small) particles of interest and subject them to turbulent flow. Larger particles are not necessarily entrained by these small vortices, or are entrained to a much lesser extent. Relative movement between the small and large particles results in higher frequency of collisions between them, and more efficient removal of the fine (pollutant) particles by the larger (collector) particles.
  • vanes are typically only used to maintain as uniform a distribution of particles as possible in a duct. Such vanes are therefore typically of a relatively large scale—only slightly smaller than the scale of the duct. For example, large-scale “turning vanes” may be used in a bend to prevent all of the particles from going to the outside of the bend and creating a non-uniform distribution after the bend.
  • known mixers are used when two different substances are not initially well distributed in a vessel or duct, to generate a homogenous mixture.
  • large-scale devices are typically used. They are not generally used to promote collisions between substances that are already well distributed in a duct.
  • the present invention uses many vortex generators which create small scale vortices to increase interactions between the fine (pollutant) particles and collector particles that are already sufficiently well distributed throughout the flow.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vane according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a section plan view of an array of vanes of FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a section plan view of an array of vanes according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of an array of vanes according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of an array of vanes according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates turbulent eddies formed by the array of FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 7 is a section plan view of a modified version of the array of vanes of FIG. 2 .
  • this invention involves the use of turbulent eddies to manipulate the relative trajectories of very small pollutant particles and larger collector particles carried by a flowing fluid, which is typically an exhaust gas stream from an industrial process, to increase the probability of the particles colliding or interacting to agglomerate, or otherwise react with each other, to form more easily removable particles.
  • a formation is designed to provide turbulence of the required size and scale to cause the different species of particles to have substantially differential slip velocities.
  • the turbulence should be such that the Stokes Number (St) of the small pollutant particles is much less than 1 (St ⁇ 1), while the Stokes Number (St) of the larger collector particles is much greater than 1 (St>>1).
  • the Stokes number is a theoretical measure of the ability of a particle to follow a turbulence streamline.
  • the Stokes number is defined as the ratio of the particle response time to a fluid flow time and is characterised by:
  • ⁇ p is the particle response time
  • ⁇ f is the characteristic flow time
  • ⁇ p is the particle density
  • U is the fluid velocity
  • d p is the particle diameter
  • ⁇ is the fluid viscosity
  • L is the eddy dimension.
  • a particle is able to respond fully to a turbulent eddy of scale L, and follows it closely.
  • St>>1 a particle does not respond to turbulent motions of that scale at all and its trajectory is largely unaffected.
  • particles respond partially to the fluid motions, but there is still a significant departure of the particle trajectory from the fluid motions.
  • Vortex generators can be used to create the eddies. Vortex generators are generally known in the art, and need not be described in detail in this application.
  • a common vortex generator is a vane.
  • a formation comprising a plurality of vanes can be used to generate a multitude of eddies in the fluid stream.
  • an array of angle section vanes 10 is used to generate the vortices.
  • a vane 10 is shown in FIG. 1 and comprises a strip of Z-shaped metal having protrusions or “teeth” 12 spaced along its length.
  • the teeth 12 may be formed by spaced cut-outs 11 along the edges of the strip 10 .
  • the teeth 12 have a depth T d and the tooth pitch T p .
  • the vanes 10 are arranged in an array comprising a plurality of parallel rows each extending in the direction of flow, each row containing a plurality of spaced vanes, orientated transversely to the fluid flow, as shown in the section view of FIG. 2 .
  • the rows of vanes are normally mounted in planar frames which have been omitted for clarity).
  • the body portions of the vanes 10 extend V 1 in the direction of fluid flow, and are spaced apart by a distance V s .
  • the body portions of the vanes 10 have a width V w in the direction transverse to the flow.
  • Turbulent eddies are formed in the wake of the folds and protrusions 12 of the vanes 10 .
  • the dominant sizes of eddies created by this design approximate the significant dimensions of the generator, and include the width of the vane V w , the length of the vane V l , the tooth depth T d and the tooth pitch T p .
  • the separation distance between successive vanes V s is selected so that the eddies may form fully in the inter vane region.
  • the combination of dimensions determines the combination of eddy sizes that are formed.
  • the optimal range of eddy sizes is selected, and the vane design is optimized to achieve this within other constraints, such as pressure drop.
  • teeth are used on the illustrated vane 10 and the vanes are angled to the direction of fluid flow, other variations are possible because eddies will form in the wake of any planar cylindrical or other shaped body placed in the path of the fluid flow and the eddies formed will be approximately the same size as the obstructing vane.
  • an array of flat strips mounted transversely to the fluid flow may be used.
  • an array of flat strips with scalloped edges as shown in FIG. 4 , or an array of round posts as shown in FIG. 5 may be used.
  • An single transverse row of spaced wires or rods, orientated across the flow, may also be used.
  • the multiple small scale vortices or eddies generated by the array of vanes extend across the entire duct as it is preferable for the turbulence field to encompass the entire flow path.
  • the vanes may be mounted in a duct in which the subject air stream flows, it is to be noted that the invention does not require that vanes to be mounted in a duct or other conduit.
  • a formation for causing turbulent flow of the desired size and scale in a fluid flow can be designed and constructed as follows:
  • V w , V l , V s , T p and T d will determine the size, shape, intensity and frequency of the turbulence created, which in turn will control the degree to which individual particles will slip and collide in the turbulence behind the vanes.
  • the important design criteria are the size and spacing of the vanes.
  • the objective is to cause the collision of suspended particles for a useful purpose e.g. agglomeration, sorption, catalisation, condensation etc.
  • sufficient particle interactions should occur that substantially all particles experience at least one (and preferably multiple) collision event/s while traversing the device.
  • this requires a multiplicity of vanes in the direction of flow as well as across the flow.
  • a multiplicity of vanes across the flow ensures that there is no flow path through the device that is free of appropriately sized eddies, while a multiplicity of vanes in the direction of flow ensures the flow remains in the device for a sufficient time for a useful number of particle collisions to occur.
  • the device is long enough in the direction of flow that the flowing fluid is treated by it for at least 0.1 second. For a typical industrial flow of (say) 10 m/sec, this would require a device at least 1 m deep in the direction of flow.
  • FIG. 6 also illustrates the different trajectories of a low slip particle 3 and a high slip particle 4 .
  • the vanes are separated by a distance V s equivalent to the vane width V w .
  • Alignment of the vanes is not critical and may be horizontal, vertical or at some angle between these two directions.
  • the present invention has the advantage that mixing devices can be designed to suit particular applications. More specifically, turbulence of a desired scale can be achieved, so that small pollutant particles are entrained into the turbulent eddies and vortices, whereas larger collector particles are entrained to a smaller or negligible degree).
  • the resultant differential slip velocities and trajectories of the small pollutant particles and the larger removal particles result in more collisions between the two types of particles. Consequently, there is greater interaction between the particles (e.g impact adhesion, absorption, adsorption or chemical reaction), improving the efficiency of pollutant removal.
  • the invention involves generating turbulence of such a scale that the two species of interest are entrained to significantly differing extents, and is not limited to any particular apparatus and process. Optimum collision rates will occur for a system which maintains St ⁇ 1 for one species and St ⁇ 1 for the other species.
  • the turbulence itself may be generated in any suitable manner, and is not limited to known vortex generators.
  • the vanes need not be mounted in a rectilinear array. As shown in FIG. 7 , the vanes may be mounted in successive rows transverse to the direction of flow, with the vanes in each row being staggered across the flow path relative to vanes in the adjacent rows.
  • two or more turbulence generators are spaced successively along the flow path, generating progressively larger turbulence eddies to promote the impact of progressively larger particles.
  • Such an arrangement accommodates agglomerates which are progressively increased in size along the flow path.
  • This embodiment has potential application in mist eliminators and fine particle agglomerators, as well as in chemical interaction or catalisation processes in which successively larger constituents are targeted to enhance the process efficiency.
US10/588,535 2004-02-09 2005-02-09 Particle Interactions in a Fluid Flow Abandoned US20080087347A1 (en)

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US12/709,093 US8192072B2 (en) 2004-02-09 2010-02-19 Particle interactions in a fluid flow

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004900593A AU2004900593A0 (en) 2004-02-09 Particle agglomeration using vortex mixing
AU2004900593 2004-02-09
PCT/AU2005/000160 WO2005075837A1 (fr) 2004-02-09 2005-02-09 Ameliorations des interactions entre les particules dans un ecoulement de fluide

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EP (1) EP1718874A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007522395A (fr)
KR (1) KR20060129445A (fr)
CN (1) CN100427772C (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0506621A (fr)
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RU (1) RU2006132332A (fr)
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US11730393B2 (en) 2015-07-01 2023-08-22 Munkplast Ab Device for collecting particles in an exhaled air flow

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ZA200607050B (en) 2008-04-30
BRPI0506621A (pt) 2007-05-02
CN100427772C (zh) 2008-10-22
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CA2556033C (fr) 2014-05-13
US20100142314A1 (en) 2010-06-10
WO2005075837A1 (fr) 2005-08-18
KR20060129445A (ko) 2006-12-15
EP1718874A4 (fr) 2009-12-30
US8192072B2 (en) 2012-06-05
CN1918390A (zh) 2007-02-21
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