US20080017204A1 - Smoking article with impaction filter segment - Google Patents
Smoking article with impaction filter segment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080017204A1 US20080017204A1 US11/826,016 US82601607A US2008017204A1 US 20080017204 A1 US20080017204 A1 US 20080017204A1 US 82601607 A US82601607 A US 82601607A US 2008017204 A1 US2008017204 A1 US 2008017204A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- segment
- downstream
- filter
- filter plug
- smoking article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 26
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/04—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure
- A24D3/045—Tobacco smoke filters characterised by their shape or structure with smoke acceleration means, e.g. impact-filters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/0275—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters for filters with special features
- A24D3/0283—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters for filters with special features with means for a non-axial smoke flow
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
- A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
- A24C5/52—Incorporating filters or mouthpieces into a cigarette rod or a tobacco rod
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
- A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
- A24D3/08—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent
- A24D3/10—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of organic materials as carrier or major constituent of cellulose or cellulose derivatives
Definitions
- Cigarettes are typically categorized according to their delivery of tar (nicotine free, dry particulate matter) under standard test procedures such as the one established in 1967 by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).
- FTC Federal Trade Commission
- the FTC method includes machine drawn puffs at 35 cm 3 volume for 2-second duration each, at 60-second intervals.
- ISO International Organization for Standardization
- MDPH Massachusetts Department of Public Health
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a smoking article in the form of a cigarette.
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the smoking article of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the smoking article of FIG. 1 with the tipping paper partially unwrapped.
- FIG. 4 is a view along the line 4 - 4 of FIG. 2 .
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the flow constrictor of the smoking article of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another flow constrictor and plug.
- a smoking article 10 in the form of a cigarette typically includes a tobacco rod 20 of smoking material 21 , contained in a circumscribing outer wrapper 30 .
- the outer wrapper 30 is typically a porous wrapping material or paper wrapper.
- the tobacco rod 20 has a lit end 12 and a tipped end 14 ( FIG. 2 ).
- the smoking material 21 is preferably a shredded tobacco or blend of tobaccos (typically called “cut filler”). However, any suitable smoking material 21 can be used.
- the smoking article 10 also includes a filter system 40 adjacent to the tipped end 14 of the tobacco rod 20 such that the filter system 40 and tobacco rod 20 are axially aligned in an end-to-end relationship, preferably abutting one another.
- the filter system 40 has a generally cylindrical shape, and the diameter thereof is essentially equal to the diameter of the tobacco rod 20 .
- the ends (i.e., upstream end 16 ( FIG. 2 ) and downstream end 18 ) of the filter system 40 are open to permit the passage of air and smoke therethrough.
- the filter system 40 includes a plurality of plugs 42 , 46 ( FIG. 2 ) of filtering material and a flow constrictor 44 ( FIG. 2 ) circumscribed by a plug wrap 48 .
- the plug wrap 48 is typically a paper, which optionally incorporates a carbonaceous material.
- the plug wrap 48 circumscribes the total length of the filter system 40 .
- the filter system 40 attaches to the tobacco rod 20 by a tipping material 50 , which circumscribes both the entire length of the filter system 40 and an adjacent region of the tobacco rod 20 .
- the tipping material 50 is typically a paper like product; however, any suitable material can be used.
- the inner surface of the tipping material 50 is fixedly secured to the outer surface of the plug wrap 48 and the outer surface of the wrapping material 30 of the tobacco rod 20 , using a suitable adhesive.
- a ventilated or air diluted smoking article 10 can be provided with an air dilution means, such as a series of ventilation holes or perforations 60 , each of which extends through the tipping material 50 and (optionally) the plug wrap 48 . As shown in FIG.
- ventilation of mainstream smoke can be achieved with a circumferential row ( FIG. 1 ) or rows of ventilation holes or perforations 60 about a location along the filter system 40 .
- a ratio of total particulate matter (“TPM”) and tar yield between MDPH and FTC/ISO methods is relatively constant for higher flavor delivery cigarettes, and low or ultra low flavor delivery cigarettes.
- the mainstream smoke is generated by and drawn from the tobacco rod 20 and through the filter system 40 .
- the “upstream” and “downstream” relative positions between the filter system 40 and other features are described in relation to the direction of mainstream smoke as it is drawn from the tobacco rod 20 and through the filter system 40 .
- FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional view of FIG. 1 according to one embodiment of a smoking article 10 with the flow constrictor 44 having at least one constrictor member 70 .
- the filter system 40 is comprised of a first or upstream plug 42 of filtering material, a flow constrictor 44 and a second or downstream plug 46 of filtering material.
- the flow constrictor 44 comprises a constrictor member 70 having at least one orifice 72 ( FIG. 4 ) and more preferably at least two orifices 72 .
- the upstream plug 42 of filtering material and the downstream plug 46 of filtering material have a generally cylindrical shape, and an outer diameter 52 thereof that is essentially equal to the diameter of the tobacco rod 20 .
- the filtering material is preferably cellulose acetate.
- the filtering material can be comprised of cellulose acetate with an activated carbon mixed throughout (often referred to as carbon-on-tow) or any other suitable filtering material and/or additives such as flavorants.
- the filter system 40 typically has an overall length 56 of about 15 to 40 mm for a smoking article 10 having an overall length 58 of about 80 to 160 mm.
- the filter system 40 also includes a plurality of ventilation holes or perforations 60 on the downstream side of the flow constrictor 44 .
- a cigarette or smoking article 10 incorporating the filter system 40 with the constrictor member 70 and the downstream ventilation holes minimizes the ratio of total particulate matter (TPM) and tar yield by increasing the filtration efficiency with the increase of flow rate or puff volume.
- TPM total particulate matter
- tar yields by increasing the filtration efficiency with the increase of flow rate or puff volume.
- the range of TPM or tar that the smoker is exposed to, by increasing puff volume is reduced and the ratio of Tar (mg/cigt) MDPH /Tar (mg/cigt) FTC is made more uniform for full flavor delivery cigarettes and low or ultra low delivery cigarettes.
- the first puff of a cigarette may deliver more flavor (or may be perceived to deliver more flavor) than subsequent puffs in the same cigarette.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross sectional view of the smoking article 10 with the flow constrictor member 70 and the upstream plug 42 .
- the upstream plug 42 of the filter system 40 may comprise a cellulose acetate element mixed with an activated carbon material throughout in the form of a carbon-on-tow plug of filtering material.
- the plugs 42 , 46 of filtering material can contain activated carbon in a cavity provided within or adjacent to the upstream and downstream plugs 42 , 46 of cellulose acetate material.
- the upstream and downstream plugs 42 , 46 of filtering material can contain activated carbon or other gas-vapor phase sorbents.
- arrows indicate the flow of mainstream smoke from the tobacco rod which has passed through the openings in the flow constrictor member 70 .
- Some of the particulate matter in the mainstream smoke is deposited on an end surface of the downstream plug 46 of filter material. Additional arrows indicate the flow of ventilation air into the filter through the ventilation holes. As the mainstream smoke continues through the downstream plug 46 of filter material, the ventilation air enters the downstream plug 46 and the mainstream smoke tends to move toward the center of the downstream plug 46 .
- FIG. 4 shows the flow constrictor member 70 of the smoking article 10 of FIGS. 2 and 3 along the line 4 - 4 .
- the flow constrictor member 70 has a plurality of orifices 72 .
- the constrictor member 70 preferably has a diameter 110 of about 7.0 to 8.0 mm and more preferably about 7.4 to 7.8 mm.
- the constrictor member 70 preferably has at least two orifices 72 having a diameter 112 of about 0.2 to about 0.8 mm and more preferably about 0.3 to 0.6, and most preferably about 0.4 mm each.
- the constrictor member 70 can be made of paper, plastic, or metal, and more preferably made of a paper product or other suitable material having biodegradability properties.
- the constrictor member preferably is made of foamed cellulose or foamed cellulose acetate or any other type of cellulosic material or cellulose acetate that can be formed into the desired shape of the constrictor member 70 .
- the cellulosic material may be derived from tobacco, such as a cellulosic material derived from tobacco stems.
- FIG. 5 shows a side view of the constrictor member 70 of the smoking article 10 .
- the constrictor member 70 preferably has an outer width 114 of about 2.0 to 6.0 mm and more preferably about 3.0 to 5.0 mm, and an inner width 115 of about 1.0 to 3.0 mm and more preferably about 1.5 to 2.25 mm.
- the spacing 116 i.e., the difference between the outer width 114 and the inner width 115 divided by 2 is preferably about 1.5 to about 2.25 mm.
- the spacing 116 created by the difference in the outer width 114 and the inner width 115 forms an upstream cavity 118 and a downstream cavity 119 .
- the upstream cavity 118 is positioned between the upstream plug 42 of filtering material and the flow constrictor 44 , with the downstream cavity 119 positioned between the flow constrictor 44 and the downstream plug 46 of filtering material.
- the spacing especially between the flow constrictor and the downstream filter plug may be varied to vary the efficiency of the filter in removing particulate material.
- the velocity of the mainstream smoke leaving the orifices and impacting the end face of the downstream filter plug affects the efficiency of the filter in removing the particulate material from the mainstream smoke. Generally, the higher the velocity, the more particulate material that is removed from the mainstream smoke at the end face of the downstream filter plug.
- the annular portion of the flow constrictor is preferably spaced approximately 1-5 mm and more preferably 1-3 mm away from the end face of the downstream filter plug.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the flow of mainstream smoke toward the constrictor member 70 and through the orifices 72 . Passage of the mainstream smoke through the orifices causes the velocity of the mainstream smoke to increase significantly as compared to the velocity of the mainstream smoke through the tobacco rod.
- the larger particles of the mainstream smoke impacts an end face of the downstream plug 46 with the result that particulate matter is collected on the end face of the downstream plug 46 as indicated by the darks spots about the outer edge of the end face. These dark spots correspond directly to the location of the orifices 72 about the constrictor member 70 .
- the upstream plug 42 of filtering material and the downstream plug 46 of filtering material have a generally cylindrical shape, and an outer diameter that is essentially equal to the outer diameter of the tobacco rod 20 .
- the filtering material is preferably a cellulose acetate material. However, the filtering material can be carbon-on-tow or any other suitable filtering material.
- the filter system 40 typically has an overall length of about 15 to 40 mm in length for a smoking article 10 having an overall length of about 80 to 160 mm.
- Each plug 42 , 46 of filtering material can have the same length, or the upstream and downstream plugs 42 , 46 can have different lengths. Also, the preferred length of the upstream and downstream plugs 42 , 46 of filtering material can depend on the presence of additional materials within the filtering material such as activated carbons or other gas-vapor phase sorbent or additive materials.
- the flow constrictor 44 comprises the constrictor member 70 having a plurality of orifices 72 which are preferably equally spaced along the perimeter of the constrictor member.
- the constrictor member is comprised of 2 orifices but may have, for example, 4 to 12 orifices 72 and, as illustrated, 8 orifices.
- RTD resistance-to-draw
- the orifices preferably have a diameter of 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm.
- the filter of the cigarette preferably has a resistance to draw (RTD) of about 110 mm H 2 O.
- the filter plugs 42 , 46 are preferably low particulate efficiency filter segments constructed from cellulose acetate tow of approximately 8.0 denier per filament and approximately 35,000 total denier.
- the flow constrictor member comprises an annular partition that defines an orifice (or flow constrictor) of reduced diameter.
- the flow constrictor also includes a tubular body portion upstream and downstream of the annular partition. The tubular body portions space the annular partition a predetermined distance apart from the adjacent filter segments, preferably approximately 1 to approximately 6 millimeter (mm), and more preferably approximately 1 to 3 mm.
- the upstream filter segment prevents the tobacco from the tobacco rod from blocking the orifices of the annular portion of the flow constrictor.
- a ventilating zone is established preferably with a row of ventilation holes through the tipping paper 16 .
- the ventilating zone is located downstream of the flow constrictor so that air drawn through the ventilation zone may mix with the mainstream smoke before arriving at the mouthpiece.
- the ventilation zone and the hole or holes in the flow constrictor achieve a ventilation level of the smoking article of at least 25% and more preferably about 50% to 90%.
- the flow constrictor preferably has end to end symmetry which facilitates high speed filter rod making in that the component works the same whether or not the rod making machine orients one end of the flow constrictor first or the reverse.
- the flow constrictor is sized to contribute sufficient pressure drop such that the smoking article 10 presents a resistance to draw of at least 70 mm water or greater, preferably in the range of 90-120 mm water and most preferably 110 mm water.
- the flow constrictor has a diameter of approximately 7.0 to 8.0 mm and more preferably approximately 7.4 to 7.8 mm wherein the flow constrictor preferably has one or optionally, at least one orifice of a diameter of about 0 .
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. provisional Application No. 60/830,093, filed on Jul. 12, 2006, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Cigarettes are typically categorized according to their delivery of tar (nicotine free, dry particulate matter) under standard test procedures such as the one established in 1967 by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC method includes machine drawn puffs at 35 cm3 volume for 2-second duration each, at 60-second intervals. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has a similar smoking protocol.
- In the 1990s, additional smoking protocols were proposed, including that of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH), one of the so-called intense smoking regimes. The MDPH method includes machine drawn puffs at 45 cm3 volume for 2-second duration each, at 30-second intervals, with 50% of the cigarette filter ventilation holes blocked.
- It has been found that commercial lit-end cigarettes tend to produce higher tar than FTC deliveries when puff draw volume, frequency of draw and/or puff duration are increased and/or ventilation holes are occluded in whole or in part. This tendency is reflected, for example, in differences in measurement of tar (FTC) and tar (MDPH) (i.e., Tar (mg/cigt)MDPH/Tar (mg/cigt)FTC), with tar (MDPH) being representative of a more intense drawing condition over that of the former.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a smoking article in the form of a cigarette. -
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of the smoking article ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the smoking article ofFIG. 1 with the tipping paper partially unwrapped. -
FIG. 4 is a view along the line 4-4 ofFIG. 2 . -
FIG. 5 is a side view of the flow constrictor of the smoking article ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another flow constrictor and plug. - With reference to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , a smokingarticle 10 in the form of a cigarette typically includes atobacco rod 20 ofsmoking material 21, contained in a circumscribingouter wrapper 30. Theouter wrapper 30 is typically a porous wrapping material or paper wrapper. Thetobacco rod 20 has alit end 12 and a tipped end 14 (FIG. 2 ). Thesmoking material 21 is preferably a shredded tobacco or blend of tobaccos (typically called “cut filler”). However, anysuitable smoking material 21 can be used. - The
smoking article 10 also includes afilter system 40 adjacent to the tippedend 14 of thetobacco rod 20 such that thefilter system 40 andtobacco rod 20 are axially aligned in an end-to-end relationship, preferably abutting one another. Thefilter system 40 has a generally cylindrical shape, and the diameter thereof is essentially equal to the diameter of thetobacco rod 20. The ends (i.e., upstream end 16 (FIG. 2 ) and downstream end 18) of thefilter system 40 are open to permit the passage of air and smoke therethrough. Thefilter system 40 includes a plurality ofplugs 42, 46 (FIG. 2 ) of filtering material and a flow constrictor 44 (FIG. 2 ) circumscribed by aplug wrap 48. Theplug wrap 48 is typically a paper, which optionally incorporates a carbonaceous material. Theplug wrap 48 circumscribes the total length of thefilter system 40. - The
filter system 40 attaches to thetobacco rod 20 by a tippingmaterial 50, which circumscribes both the entire length of thefilter system 40 and an adjacent region of thetobacco rod 20. The tippingmaterial 50 is typically a paper like product; however, any suitable material can be used. The inner surface of the tippingmaterial 50 is fixedly secured to the outer surface of theplug wrap 48 and the outer surface of the wrappingmaterial 30 of thetobacco rod 20, using a suitable adhesive. A ventilated or air dilutedsmoking article 10 can be provided with an air dilution means, such as a series of ventilation holes orperforations 60, each of which extends through the tippingmaterial 50 and (optionally) theplug wrap 48. As shown inFIG. 1 , ventilation of mainstream smoke can be achieved with a circumferential row (FIG. 1 ) or rows of ventilation holes orperforations 60 about a location along thefilter system 40. In the preferred embodiment, a ratio of total particulate matter (“TPM”) and tar yield between MDPH and FTC/ISO methods is relatively constant for higher flavor delivery cigarettes, and low or ultra low flavor delivery cigarettes. - Upon lighting of the smoking
article 10, the mainstream smoke is generated by and drawn from thetobacco rod 20 and through thefilter system 40. Herein, the “upstream” and “downstream” relative positions between thefilter system 40 and other features are described in relation to the direction of mainstream smoke as it is drawn from thetobacco rod 20 and through thefilter system 40. -
FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional view ofFIG. 1 according to one embodiment of a smokingarticle 10 with theflow constrictor 44 having at least oneconstrictor member 70. As shown inFIG. 2 , thefilter system 40 is comprised of a first orupstream plug 42 of filtering material, aflow constrictor 44 and a second ordownstream plug 46 of filtering material. Theflow constrictor 44 comprises aconstrictor member 70 having at least one orifice 72 (FIG. 4 ) and more preferably at least twoorifices 72. - As shown in
FIG. 2 , theupstream plug 42 of filtering material and thedownstream plug 46 of filtering material have a generally cylindrical shape, and anouter diameter 52 thereof that is essentially equal to the diameter of thetobacco rod 20. The filtering material is preferably cellulose acetate. However, it can be appreciated that the filtering material can be comprised of cellulose acetate with an activated carbon mixed throughout (often referred to as carbon-on-tow) or any other suitable filtering material and/or additives such as flavorants. Thefilter system 40 typically has anoverall length 56 of about 15 to 40 mm for asmoking article 10 having anoverall length 58 of about 80 to 160 mm. Thefilter system 40 also includes a plurality of ventilation holes orperforations 60 on the downstream side of theflow constrictor 44. In use, a cigarette or smokingarticle 10 incorporating thefilter system 40 with theconstrictor member 70 and the downstream ventilation holes, minimizes the ratio of total particulate matter (TPM) and tar yield by increasing the filtration efficiency with the increase of flow rate or puff volume. Specifically, the range of TPM or tar that the smoker is exposed to, by increasing puff volume, is reduced and the ratio of Tar (mg/cigt)MDPH/Tar (mg/cigt)FTC is made more uniform for full flavor delivery cigarettes and low or ultra low delivery cigarettes. In addition, it has been observed generally that the first puff of a cigarette may deliver more flavor (or may be perceived to deliver more flavor) than subsequent puffs in the same cigarette. -
FIG. 3 shows a cross sectional view of the smokingarticle 10 with theflow constrictor member 70 and theupstream plug 42. Theupstream plug 42 of thefilter system 40 may comprise a cellulose acetate element mixed with an activated carbon material throughout in the form of a carbon-on-tow plug of filtering material. It can also be appreciated that theplugs downstream plugs downstream plugs - In
FIG. 3 , arrows indicate the flow of mainstream smoke from the tobacco rod which has passed through the openings in theflow constrictor member 70. Some of the particulate matter in the mainstream smoke is deposited on an end surface of thedownstream plug 46 of filter material. Additional arrows indicate the flow of ventilation air into the filter through the ventilation holes. As the mainstream smoke continues through thedownstream plug 46 of filter material, the ventilation air enters thedownstream plug 46 and the mainstream smoke tends to move toward the center of thedownstream plug 46. -
FIG. 4 shows theflow constrictor member 70 of the smokingarticle 10 ofFIGS. 2 and 3 along the line 4-4. As shown inFIG. 4 , theflow constrictor member 70 has a plurality oforifices 72. Theconstrictor member 70 preferably has adiameter 110 of about 7.0 to 8.0 mm and more preferably about 7.4 to 7.8 mm. Theconstrictor member 70 preferably has at least twoorifices 72 having adiameter 112 of about 0.2 to about 0.8 mm and more preferably about 0.3 to 0.6, and most preferably about 0.4 mm each. Theconstrictor member 70 can be made of paper, plastic, or metal, and more preferably made of a paper product or other suitable material having biodegradability properties. The constrictor member preferably is made of foamed cellulose or foamed cellulose acetate or any other type of cellulosic material or cellulose acetate that can be formed into the desired shape of theconstrictor member 70. The cellulosic material may be derived from tobacco, such as a cellulosic material derived from tobacco stems. -
FIG. 5 shows a side view of theconstrictor member 70 of the smokingarticle 10. As shown inFIG. 5 , theconstrictor member 70 preferably has anouter width 114 of about 2.0 to 6.0 mm and more preferably about 3.0 to 5.0 mm, and aninner width 115 of about 1.0 to 3.0 mm and more preferably about 1.5 to 2.25 mm. The spacing 116 (i.e., the difference between theouter width 114 and theinner width 115 divided by 2) is preferably about 1.5 to about 2.25 mm. The spacing 116 created by the difference in theouter width 114 and theinner width 115 forms anupstream cavity 118 and adownstream cavity 119. Theupstream cavity 118 is positioned between theupstream plug 42 of filtering material and theflow constrictor 44, with thedownstream cavity 119 positioned between theflow constrictor 44 and thedownstream plug 46 of filtering material. The spacing especially between the flow constrictor and the downstream filter plug may be varied to vary the efficiency of the filter in removing particulate material. Similarly, the velocity of the mainstream smoke leaving the orifices and impacting the end face of the downstream filter plug affects the efficiency of the filter in removing the particulate material from the mainstream smoke. Generally, the higher the velocity, the more particulate material that is removed from the mainstream smoke at the end face of the downstream filter plug. - The annular portion of the flow constrictor is preferably spaced approximately 1-5 mm and more preferably 1-3 mm away from the end face of the downstream filter plug.
-
FIG. 6 schematically shows the flow of mainstream smoke toward theconstrictor member 70 and through theorifices 72. Passage of the mainstream smoke through the orifices causes the velocity of the mainstream smoke to increase significantly as compared to the velocity of the mainstream smoke through the tobacco rod. Upon leaving theorifices 72 of theflow constrictor member 70, the larger particles of the mainstream smoke impacts an end face of thedownstream plug 46 with the result that particulate matter is collected on the end face of thedownstream plug 46 as indicated by the darks spots about the outer edge of the end face. These dark spots correspond directly to the location of theorifices 72 about theconstrictor member 70. - The
upstream plug 42 of filtering material and thedownstream plug 46 of filtering material have a generally cylindrical shape, and an outer diameter that is essentially equal to the outer diameter of thetobacco rod 20. The filtering material is preferably a cellulose acetate material. However, the filtering material can be carbon-on-tow or any other suitable filtering material. Thefilter system 40 typically has an overall length of about 15 to 40 mm in length for asmoking article 10 having an overall length of about 80 to 160 mm. Eachplug downstream plugs downstream plugs - As shown in
FIG. 6 , theflow constrictor 44 comprises theconstrictor member 70 having a plurality oforifices 72 which are preferably equally spaced along the perimeter of the constrictor member. Preferably, the constrictor member is comprised of 2 orifices but may have, for example, 4 to 12orifices 72 and, as illustrated, 8 orifices. However, it can be appreciated that any number oforifices 72 can be used. The number oforifices 72 as well as their size and position in the constrictor member depend on the desired resistance-to-draw (RTD) or pressure drop, and particulate efficiency for thefilter 40. The orifices preferably have a diameter of 0.4 mm to 0.8 mm. In use, the filter of the cigarette preferably has a resistance to draw (RTD) of about 110 mm H2O. - In one embodiment, the filter plugs 42, 46 are preferably low particulate efficiency filter segments constructed from cellulose acetate tow of approximately 8.0 denier per filament and approximately 35,000 total denier. In one embodiment, the flow constrictor member comprises an annular partition that defines an orifice (or flow constrictor) of reduced diameter. Preferably, the flow constrictor also includes a tubular body portion upstream and downstream of the annular partition. The tubular body portions space the annular partition a predetermined distance apart from the adjacent filter segments, preferably approximately 1 to approximately 6 millimeter (mm), and more preferably approximately 1 to 3 mm. In addition, the upstream filter segment prevents the tobacco from the tobacco rod from blocking the orifices of the annular portion of the flow constrictor.
- A ventilating zone is established preferably with a row of ventilation holes through the tipping
paper 16. The ventilating zone is located downstream of the flow constrictor so that air drawn through the ventilation zone may mix with the mainstream smoke before arriving at the mouthpiece. - Preferably, the ventilation zone and the hole or holes in the flow constrictor achieve a ventilation level of the smoking article of at least 25% and more preferably about 50% to 90%.
- The flow constrictor preferably has end to end symmetry which facilitates high speed filter rod making in that the component works the same whether or not the rod making machine orients one end of the flow constrictor first or the reverse. Preferably the flow constrictor is sized to contribute sufficient pressure drop such that the
smoking article 10 presents a resistance to draw of at least 70 mm water or greater, preferably in the range of 90-120 mm water and most preferably 110 mm water. Preferably, the flow constrictor has a diameter of approximately 7.0 to 8.0 mm and more preferably approximately 7.4 to 7.8 mm wherein the flow constrictor preferably has one or optionally, at least one orifice of a diameter of about 0.5 mm to about 0.9 mm and more preferably about 0.5 to 0.7 mm. Since the pressure drop of the flow constrictor depends on the open area, multiple orifices can also be used. For example, in one preferred embodiment there are two orifices of 0.5 mm diameter each. - It will be understood that the foregoing description is of the preferred embodiments, and is, therefore, merely representative of the article and methods of manufacturing the same. It can be appreciated that variations and modifications of the different embodiments in light of the above teachings will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the articles and methods as set forth in the attached claims.
Claims (13)
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US11/826,016 US8353298B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2007-07-11 | Smoking article with impaction filter segment |
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US11/826,016 US8353298B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2007-07-11 | Smoking article with impaction filter segment |
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US8353298B2 US8353298B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 |
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EP (1) | EP2043465A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009542250A (en) |
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CN (1) | CN101495004A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007274732A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO6150101A2 (en) |
EA (1) | EA200970118A1 (en) |
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- 2007-07-12 EP EP07805015A patent/EP2043465A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-12 MX MX2009000422A patent/MX2009000422A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2043465A2 (en) | 2009-04-08 |
NO20090643L (en) | 2009-03-06 |
JP2009542250A (en) | 2009-12-03 |
CN101495004A (en) | 2009-07-29 |
KR20090037866A (en) | 2009-04-16 |
CO6150101A2 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
AU2007274732A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
MX2009000422A (en) | 2009-01-29 |
WO2008010095A3 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
EA200970118A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
US8353298B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 |
WO2008010095A2 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
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