US20070266656A1 - Block-Type Building Stone Used As A Construction Material For Walls - Google Patents

Block-Type Building Stone Used As A Construction Material For Walls Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070266656A1
US20070266656A1 US10/574,299 US57429904A US2007266656A1 US 20070266656 A1 US20070266656 A1 US 20070266656A1 US 57429904 A US57429904 A US 57429904A US 2007266656 A1 US2007266656 A1 US 2007266656A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
building stone
block
set forth
middle layer
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US10/574,299
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English (en)
Inventor
Wilfried Blocken
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RECYFOAM SA
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RECYFOAM SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Assigned to RECYFOAM S.A. reassignment RECYFOAM S.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BLOCKEN, WILFRIED
Publication of US20070266656A1 publication Critical patent/US20070266656A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/70—Scrap or recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304—Insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • B32B2419/02—Bricks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0027—Standardised cement types
    • C04B2103/004—Standardised cement types according to DIN
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0267—Building elements with the appearance of several bricks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0269—Building elements with a natural stone facing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a block-type building stone used as a construction material for walls such as soundproof walls and building walls.
  • the building stone has an outside face and an inside face.
  • the objective is to indicate a building stone that absorbs in the best possible way any kind of sound and is as little sound permeable as possible.
  • the building stone should reflect as little sound as possible, at least on its inside face.
  • the building stone finds application in conjunction with any kind of sound sources that are to be insulated against the environment such as a residential zone, so for example sound sources in industrial firms, sports centers and the like.
  • An acoustic insulation may also be carried out inside a building.
  • the building stone is intended to be used for external applications such as free-standing walls and outer building walls.
  • Block-type building stones are generally known. There also exist building stones made from layers, for example lightweight concrete building stones with a middle layer of foam such as polystyrene. For interior construction, polystyrene covered gypsum plasterboards are known.
  • a block-type building stone comprising an outside face, an inside face and a three-layered structure.
  • the three-layered structure includes an outer layer forming the outside face, a middle layer made from insulating mortar with high thermal performance that has at least 70 volume percent (related to the volume of the middle layer) of recycled, granular polyurethane and cement as a binder, and an inner layer that forms the inside face and preferably comprises cement as the binder.
  • the block-type building stone is manufactured by first introducing a bottom layer into a water permeable mould to form either the outer layer or the inner layer. Next, cement, polyurethane and water are mixed together to produce a pourable mixture that is poured onto the bottom layer already formed in the mould to produce the middle layer.
  • a waiting time is observed wherein the cement does not yet harden and water flows out of the mould so that the layer thickness of the middle layer is reduced by at least 0.5%, preferably by 2 to 5%.
  • an upper layer is applied; the upper layer forms the layer (outer layer or inner layer) not already formed by the bottom layer.
  • the building stone is made from three different layers.
  • the inner layer and/or the outer layer is either a continuous layer or a layer consisting of discrete larger parts such as e.g., bricks, ordinary stones, quarry stones, stone slabs (also marble, granite).
  • the larger parts are pressed into the middle layer where they preferably adhere thanks to the cement of the middle layer.
  • these layers are positioned substantially vertically so that sound, which propagates substantially parallel to the earth's surface, is forced to pass through one layer after the other.
  • Each layer has its own task to complete with regard to minimizing noise.
  • the outer layer has the highest specific weight among the three layers; it is more specifically responsible for blocking the sound.
  • the middle layer has the lowest specific weight among the three layers and is responsible for damping.
  • the inner layer has a specific weight between that of the outer layer and that of the middle layer; it is responsible for absorption.
  • the interfaces between the layers are also beneficial for the purpose of utilization because the transmission properties of sound change at the interfaces.
  • the building stone further has outstanding thermal insulating properties. This is more specifically due to the middle layer, which has a very low thermal conductivity of typically 0.05 W/m0K. This provides the building stone with a beneficial double function. It is light-weighted and easy to handle. It is also suited for do-it-yourselfers.
  • the inner layer is formed from mineral grains without superfines. As a result, it has open pores.
  • the irregular grain structure reduces sound reflection from the surface thereof.
  • the pore volume is preferably configured such that no water is allowed to accumulate within the structure of the inner layer so that frost damage and weed growth are prevented.
  • the middle layer is preferably chosen to be quite thick. In any case, it contributes little to the overall weight of the building stone so that said building stone can be configured to be quite large whilst still having a reasonable overall weight. It is preferred that the thickness of the middle layer be at least twice the thickness of the inner layer and/or the thickness of the outer layer. For the outer layer, one chooses a thickness that is beneficial to sound blocking without said outer layer determining too much the overall weight of the building stone. It has been found that layer thicknesses ranging from 4-14 cm are advantageous.
  • the inner layer is preferably at least as thick as the outer layer and is preferably slightly thicker than the outer layer. For the inner layer, a coarse grain size ranging from 1 to 4 mm such as flint has prove advantageous.
  • the middle layer comprises 90-94 volume percent of recycled hard polyurethane that is shredded to form a mixture of powder and granules having a grain size of preferably less than 8 mm and 6-10 volume percent of cement, more specifically 92 volume percent recycled hard polyurethane and 8 volume percent cement, each time related to the volume of the middle layer ( 24 ).
  • the block-type building stone preferably comprises an upper face and a bottom face. At least one projection is provided on the upper face and the bottom face comprises at least one recess that is at least the size of the projection on the upper face and conforms to the shape thereof. This allows for easy matching of the building stones during stacking. Continuous joints are avoided.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of a building stone of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a building stone in a second embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective illustration of a building stone that is in parts a sectional view with the section line being transverse to the longitudinal direction, in a third embodiment of the building stone;
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of a building stone in a fourth embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of a building stone in a fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of a building stone in a sixth embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective illustration of a mould for manufacturing the building stone
  • FIG. 8 is a top view on a top layer constructed from bricks
  • FIG. 9 is a top view on a top layer constructed from rubble stones.
  • FIG. 10 is a section taken along the section line X-X in FIG. 9 .
  • the building stone of FIG. 1 has an outer layer 20 made from self-compacting concrete.
  • the specific weight typically is 2,400 kg/m 3 .
  • At least 200 kg, preferably 300 kg, of cement are used per cubic meter.
  • Said outer layer is a flat right parallelepiped of about 5 cm thick.
  • the outer layer 20 forms an outside face 22 of the building stone. In use, this outside face is turned away from a noise source.
  • the outer layer 20 is adjoined with a middle layer 24 . It is made from a material that has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,763. This material has a quite low specific weight and, more specifically, a very low thermal conductivity. The disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 5,904,763 is fully incorporated herein by reference and pertains to the disclosure of the present application.
  • the middle layer 24 is adjoined with an inner layer 26 .
  • This layer also is flat and in the form of a right parallelepiped.
  • the inner layer 26 forms an inside face 28 of the building stone.
  • the inner layer 26 has a specific weight ranging from about 1,950 to 2,050 kg/m 3 . At least 100 kg of cement are used per cubic meter. A fraction of 200 to 250 kg cement is better.
  • the inner layer has no zero fraction.
  • the building stone further has a front end surface 30 and a rear end surface 32 . The two end surfaces are identically built, the distinction between front and rear has only been made to better associate them with the FIGS.
  • the outer layer 20 and the inner layer 26 have the same thickness.
  • the middle layer 24 has a thickness of about 15 cm, it thus is three times the thickness of the outer layer 20 or of the inner layer 26 .
  • the thickness W of the building stone is about 25 cm, the length L ranges from about 30-250 cm, the height H is about 30 cm.
  • All three layers 20 , 24 , 26 are cement bound. This same type of bond also promotes the adhesion between the various layers. Further, the environmental stability of the building stone is substantially determined by the cement bond. Finally, the cement bond permits to keep the cost of manufacturing the building stone low.
  • the building stone of FIG. 1 has almost but not exactly the shape of a right parallelepiped.
  • a tongue 34 that has a constant cross section and extends over the entire length L of the building stone.
  • the cross section of the tongue is trapezoidal.
  • the tongue 34 is only formed in the region of the middle layer 24 ; it extends over almost the entire width thereof. On the one hand, it is defined on either side toward the top by short inclined surfaces 36 sloping upward at an angle of 30° each. These inclined surfaces 36 commence at the interface between the middle layer 24 and a respective one of the adjacent layers 20 and 26 .
  • the tongue 34 is substantially bounded by a main surface 38 that is located above a terminating surface 46 of the outer layer 20 and inner layer 26 , at a distance from said terminating surface ranging from between 0.5 and 8 cm, typically from between 2-5 cm.
  • a groove 40 that substantially conforms to the shape of the tongue 34 .
  • the groove 40 is located in the middle layer 24 only and takes the entire width thereof. It also extends over the entire length L.
  • the groove 40 preferably has dimensions that are slightly larger than the tongue 34 , which makes it possible to provide, between groove 40 and tongue 34 of superposed building stones, a free space to dispose a glue, a mortar 42 (see FIG. 3 ) or an intermediate layer 44 (see FIG. 4 ).
  • a free space of about 3 mm is provided on all sides between the groove 40 and the tongue 34 .
  • the tongue 34 and the groove 40 permit to achieve in a known way a shape association of superposed building stones.
  • the level terminating surfaces 46 of the respective one of the outer layer 20 and of the inner layer 26 come into surface contact.
  • the outside faces 22 and the inside faces 28 of superposed building stones are aligned.
  • a projection like the tongue 34 and a corresponding recess like the groove 40 need not be provided. If they are provided, they need not have the concrete shape as illustrated; there may also be provided isolated, cylindrical projections having mating recesses provided on the bottom face, and so on.
  • prior art mating projections and prior art mating recesses may be utilized.
  • the projections and the recesses located in the region of the middle layer 24 only, this is not a limitation; the projections could as well be provided only in the layers 20 and/or 26 or also in these layers.
  • the projections and mating recesses permit to avoid direct, rectilinear joints between superposed building stones. This permits to generally improve sound insulation.
  • FIG. 2 shows quite small a building stone of an overall thickness W of about 12.5 cm.
  • the outer layer 20 of concrete such as CEM I 52.5 is about 2.5 cm thick. Other concrete qualities such as B25/35 for example are possible.
  • the inner layer 26 which is built from mineral grain with a granularity of 2-5 mm, has the same thickness.
  • the middle layer 24 has a thickness W of about 7.5 cm.
  • the stone has a height H of 20 cm and an overall length L of 60 cm. Such a stone can be lifted by hand, meaning no hoists are needed.
  • the groove 40 on the bottom face is 2 cm deep, the tongue 34 on the upper face protrudes 1.7 cm upward.
  • the inclined surfaces 36 of the tongue 34 are at an angle of 45°.
  • FIG. 3 there is illustrated a stone with an overall width W of about 25 cm, a height H of about 20 cm and a length L of about 40 cm.
  • outer layer 20 and inner layer 26 have the same thickness.
  • the thickness is about 5 cm.
  • the remaining thickness is filled out by the middle layer 24 . It is made from 80 volume percent of processed, shredded hard polyurethane and of cement as a binder.
  • an about 3 mm thick layer of mortar 42 is applied onto the main surface 34 , said mortar layer providing a connection with a building stone that is placed on top of the building stone illustrated.
  • the building stone of FIG. 4 has an overall width W of about 50 cm and a height H of 40 cm. It is available in three different lengths L, namely of 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 1.8 m.
  • the outer layer 20 and the inner layer 26 again have the same thickness of about 10 cm, with the remainder of the overall thickness, about 30 cm, being filled out by the middle layer 24 .
  • This layer is made from recycled, shredded hard polyurethane in a fraction of at least 85 volume percent (related to the middle layer) and from cement.
  • there is a groove 40 in the bottom face said groove having a depth of 4 cm, and a tongue 34 on the upper face protrudes 3.7 cm.
  • an intermediate layer 44 in the form of a rubber strip of approximately 3 mm thick. This allows for filling out the gap between tongue 34 and groove 40 of two superposed building stones. The acoustic and thermal properties improve simultaneously, with the building stones being finally fixed with respect to each other by the intermediate layer 44 .
  • the rubber used for the intermediate layer 44 is a foam rubber, the thickness may be slightly more than 3 mm. If the intermediate layer 44 is compressible, its elastic properties can be made use of.
  • the building stone has a width of 60 cm; the height thereof is about 48 cm. There are different lengths, with the overall lengths available being 0.6 m, 1.2 m, 1.8 m and 2.4 m.
  • the thickness of the outer layer 20 which is about 12 cm, is slightly smaller than the thickness of the inner layer 26 .
  • the middle layer is about 36 cm thick; it is made from 90 to 94 volume percent of recycled, shredded hard polyurethane, with the remainder being cement. It more specifically consists of 92 volume percent recycled, shredded hard polyurethane with a grain size of less than 10 mm, preferably of less than 8 mm, and 8 volume percent of cement.
  • the tongue 34 protrudes quite far upward, with the main surface 38 of the tongue 34 being located 5.7 cm above the terminating surfaces 46 of the outer layer 20 and the inner layer 26 .
  • the groove 40 is configured accordingly to have a depth of about 6 cm.
  • FIG. 6 shows quite wide a building stone, with the overall width W being approximately 75 cm and the height H about 60 cm.
  • the available overall lengths L are 0.6, 1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 m.
  • the thickness of the outer layer 20 and of the inner layer 26 which have the same thickness, is about 15 cm, with the thickness of the middle layer 24 being accordingly 45 cm.
  • the inside depth clearance of the groove 40 is about 8 cm, the height of the tongue 34 about 7.7 cm.
  • This building stone is suited for self-supporting soundproof walls that can be stacked sufficiently high without needing additional supporting means. Connection means between stacked building stones need not be provided. This facilitates assembly and disassembly of a soundproof wall.
  • the mould 48 has the hollow space dimensions of the finished building stone.
  • the mould 48 is open toward the top only where there is located either the inner layer 28 or the outer layer 22 , which is preferred.
  • the respective upper face is produced by processing it accordingly, for example by leveling it at the upper edge of the mould 48 .
  • the mould can be opened at a suited location (not shown) in order to remove the finished building stone; an end wall of the mould may be removed for example.
  • FIG. 7 shows several surfaces that are formed by the mould on the finished building stone (not shown in FIG. 7 ), namely e.g., 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 ; this is to facilitate the understanding. If the need arises, the outer layer 20 may be compacted.
  • the middle layer 24 is introduced before the lowermost layer has hardened.
  • the thickness of this layer is also naturally limited by the mould, which is apparent from the tapering incline of a respective one of the tongue 34 and the groove 40 .
  • the material of the middle layer 24 is filled up to this level.
  • the topmost layer which preferably is the inner layer 26 , is applied, with the middle layer 24 not yet being hardened. This permits to achieve a beneficial connection between the layers.
  • the middle layer recycled, granular polyurethane, cement and water are intimately blended together, with water being added until the mixture is pourable. Generally, more water is added than is needed for hardening.
  • the surface of the middle layer levels out and water starts to flow out of the mould. It is allowed to rest for a while, this time being referred to as waiting time herein after.
  • the waiting time should not be so long to allow the cement of the middle layer to harden.
  • water is flowing out and the cement starts to crystallize.
  • the thickness of the layer diminishes. After typically 1 to 2 hours, generally between half an hour and five hours, shrinking of the middle layer is observed. The layer thickness is typically reduced by 2 to 2.5%.
  • the water flowing out of the mould is clean and virtually no cement is swept along by the water flow.
  • the shrinking of the middle layer 24 is a process that is typical for the invention. Initially, the middle layer 24 has sufficient water to be capable of leveling and arranging itself on its own. What is particularly notable thereby is that virtually no cement is swept along by the water flowing out of the mould. The mould needs not be particularly fine-meshed to prevent cement from being swept along by the water flow. The water permeable mould only has to have openings small enough to prevent any fraction of polyurethane from passing through the holes.
  • the middle layer is typically produced in the following way. 100 liters of polyurethane and 20 liters of cement (ordinary blast furnace slag cement) are filled, together with 50 liters of water, into a compulsory mixer such as a job mixer or a screeding machine. The components are carefully blended. Then, 100 liters of polyurethane, 20 liters of cement and 50 liters of water are added once more. They are sufficiently blended. The mixture obtained is pourable. It exhibits the setting or shrinking that is characteristic for the invention.
  • Another possibility is to first dry blend polyurethane and cement and to add water only then. It is for example possible to dry blend 100 liters of polyurethane and 20 to 25 liters of cement in a screeding machine prior to adding water. Typically, the water is added in a fraction of about 50% of the volume fraction of the polyurethane.
  • the middle layer 24 it is preferred to also wait for a while after the lower layer has been introduced into the mould. If the lower layer consists of concrete, shrinking is observed after a while. As already described in the steps described with regard to the middle layer 24 , the time until shrinking occurs is dependent on the type of cement used. With rapid cement, the shrinking time is reduced. It is advantageous to pour the middle layer 24 onto the lower layer while the lower layer is still fresh but the cement has already started to harden, meaning the crystallization has already started.
  • the lower layer and the middle layer are continuous, meaning they show no gaps.
  • the upper layer may also be configured in the same way but it may also be configured to have gaps. This will be explained with reference to the FIGS. 8 and 9 .
  • bricks 50 or tiles are pressed at regular intervals into the middle layer 24 ; they form the outer layer 20 .
  • the material thereof rises slightly in the gaps between the discrete bricks 50 but does not reach the front face of the bricks 50 .
  • the bricks 50 are retained by the cement binder of the middle layer 24 so that no additional binder needs to be added.
  • additional binder may be added and it is for example also possible to apply a thin hardening layer of mortar, of glue or the like onto the middle layer 24 and to press the bricks 50 into the applied layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
US10/574,299 2003-10-02 2004-10-01 Block-Type Building Stone Used As A Construction Material For Walls Abandoned US20070266656A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10346520 2003-10-02
DE10346520.0 2003-10-02
DE102004044003.4 2004-09-09
DE102004044003 2004-09-09
PCT/EP2004/010954 WO2005033039A1 (de) 2003-10-02 2004-10-01 Blockförmiger baustein als baumaterial für wände

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US20070266656A1 true US20070266656A1 (en) 2007-11-22

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US (1) US20070266656A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1670734A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2007510829A (de)
DE (1) DE112004001500A5 (de)
WO (1) WO2005033039A1 (de)

Cited By (11)

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US20110000161A1 (en) * 2007-02-02 2011-01-06 Les Materiaux De Construction Oldcastle Canada, Inc. Wall with decorative facing
US20110203211A1 (en) * 2006-10-27 2011-08-25 Hans Josef Metten Masonry system
US8956084B2 (en) * 2010-02-10 2015-02-17 Michael L. Kelly, Jr. Block combinable with other similar blocks to form a wall, and related systems and methods
US9045893B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-06-02 Umm Al-Qura University Cut stone construction and masonry method
US9441342B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2016-09-13 Les Materiaux De Construction Oldcastle Canada, In Retaining wall
USD774661S1 (en) * 2014-11-18 2016-12-20 Ceramica Malpesa, S.A. Slab for building
US9670640B2 (en) 2010-09-28 2017-06-06 Les Materiaux De Construction Oldcastle Canada, Inc. Retaining wall
US9714510B2 (en) 2013-02-25 2017-07-25 Les Materiaux De Construction Oldcastle Canada Inc. Wall assembly
US10519656B2 (en) 2007-11-08 2019-12-31 Keystone Retaining Wall Systems Llc Retaining wall containing wall blocks with weight bearing pads
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