US20070027588A1 - Aircraft flight safety device and method which are intended for an aircraft flying in instrument meteorological conditions and which are used independently of instrument flight infrastructure - Google Patents

Aircraft flight safety device and method which are intended for an aircraft flying in instrument meteorological conditions and which are used independently of instrument flight infrastructure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20070027588A1
US20070027588A1 US10/553,408 US55340804A US2007027588A1 US 20070027588 A1 US20070027588 A1 US 20070027588A1 US 55340804 A US55340804 A US 55340804A US 2007027588 A1 US2007027588 A1 US 2007027588A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
aircraft
route
safe
flight
interference
Prior art date
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Abandoned
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US10/553,408
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English (en)
Inventor
Joel Astruc
Daniel Bouheret
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Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Eurocopter SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Eurocopter SA filed Critical Eurocopter SA
Assigned to EUROCOPTER reassignment EUROCOPTER ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ASTRUC, JOEL, BOUHERET, DANIEL
Publication of US20070027588A1 publication Critical patent/US20070027588A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0004—Transmission of traffic-related information to or from an aircraft
    • G08G5/0008—Transmission of traffic-related information to or from an aircraft with other aircraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
    • B64D45/04—Landing aids; Safety measures to prevent collision with earth's surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00—Control of position, course or altitude of land, water, air, or space vehicles, e.g. automatic pilot
    • G05D1/10—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
    • G05D1/101—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions specially adapted for aircraft
    • G05D1/106—Change initiated in response to external conditions, e.g. avoidance of elevated terrain or of no-fly zones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0073—Surveillance aids
    • G08G5/0078—Surveillance aids for monitoring traffic from the aircraft
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/0073—Surveillance aids
    • G08G5/0086—Surveillance aids for monitoring terrain
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G5/00—Traffic control systems for aircraft, e.g. air-traffic control [ATC]
    • G08G5/04—Anti-collision systems
    • G08G5/045—Navigation or guidance aids, e.g. determination of anti-collision manoeuvers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for making aircraft flight safe under instrument flying conditions away from instrument flight infrastructures.
  • VFR visual flight rules
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,421,603 (Pratt et al.) describes a method of evaluating the risks of interference between an intended flight plan and obstacles, in which the flight plan is defined in the form of a coarse trajectory made up of a sequence of segments having parameters defining their extent in three dimensions (horizontally and vertically); a route generator converts those segments and parameters into parallelepipeds or polygons in order to constitute a route model; stationary obstacles are represented in the form of terrain rectangles given altitudes and subdivisions, while moving obstacles are modeled by means of segments, in a manner similar to the flight plan. Interference is detected by comparing the respective models for the itinerary and the obstacles; an alarm is triggered when interference is detected.
  • That system does not enable the pilot to be shown the portion of the route that corresponds to the detected interference.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,424,889 (Bonhoure et al.) describes a method of generating a horizontal trajectory for avoiding zones that are dangerous for an aircraft; that method comprises determining circles that are tangential to the trajectory at an initial point and at a final point; determining tangents to the circles and to models of the dangerous zones; selecting pairs of tangents that define a skeleton trajectory; and determining a coarse trajectory comprising circles interconnecting the tangents.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,555,175 and French patent No. 2 712 251 describe a method of providing assistance in piloting an aircraft in which obstacles are detected ahead of the aircraft; those obstacles having summits that are closest to a vertical avoidance trajectory are selected; and as a function of the selected obstacles, a piloting curve is calculated that is presented to the pilot to provide assistance in avoiding the detected obstacles.
  • An object of the invention is to propose a system for providing assistance in flying an aircraft on instruments outside the range of IFR infrastructures.
  • An object of the invention is to propose a system of providing assistance in flying a rotary wing aircraft at low altitude.
  • An object of the invention is to propose an interactive method of determining a piloting setpoint making it easier for the pilot on board an aircraft to avoid obstacles, together with apparatus for implementing the method.
  • An object of the invention is to propose a system of providing assistance in piloting an aircraft that is improved and/or that remedies at least a portion of the drawbacks of previously known methods and devices.
  • the present invention provides a method of making aircraft flight safe, in particular for a rotary wing aircraft, under instrument flying conditions (IMC) and away from instrument flight rules (IFR) infrastructures, so as to give the aircraft the ability to perform missions in all weathers and in any location.
  • IMC instrument flying conditions
  • IFR instrument flight rules
  • said method of the invention is remarkable in that it comprises the steps of:
  • route means a succession of waypoints in three-dimensional (3D) space, that are required for a mission, together with segments or “legs” interconnecting these waypoints in pairs.
  • the method in accordance with the invention makes it possible to provide all of the functions needed for executing a flight under IMC conditions, using only means that are available on board the aircraft, and that are not connected to IFR infrastructures.
  • the reliability and the complementarity of the means used for this purpose enable all of these functions to be performed with a level of safety that is at least as good as for a flight executed with support from an IFR infrastructure.
  • an aircraft in all weathers and in any location, and in particular the availability of a rotary wing aircraft such as a helicopter, as obtained by the present invention is advantageous in very many fields of activity: emergency rescue, ambulance between hospitals, police, civil protection, regular transport of passengers, . . . .
  • step a in order to determine a safe route for the aircraft, the following steps are performed:
  • an operator constructs a route for the aircraft using an interactive graphics route-construction tool coupled to an interference calculator and to a memory;
  • step c ⁇ at least while the aircraft is close to the ground, the following steps are performed:
  • step cy at least some of the following information is presented to at least one pilot of the aircraft:
  • the present invention also provides apparatus for making flight safe for an aircraft, in particular for a rotary wing aircraft, under instrument flying conditions and away from instrument flight infrastructures.
  • said apparatus is remarkable in that it comprises at least:
  • the apparatus of the invention makes it possible to perform all of the functions needed for executing a flight under IMC conditions, without requiring the usual IFR infrastructure in order to do so.
  • the reliability and the complementarity of the various means of said apparatus enable all of these functions to be performed at a level of safety that is at least as good as that during a flight executed with support from IFR infrastructures.
  • the apparatus of the invention provides the ability to fly in all weathers and at any location.
  • said apparatus further includes at least one means for providing assistance in perceiving the environment outside the aircraft.
  • the apparatus 1 in accordance with the invention shown in the figure is for making safe the flight of an aircraft (not shown), in particular a rotary wing aircraft such as a helicopter, under instrument flying conditions (IMC) and away from instrument flying infrastructures (IFR infrastructures).
  • an aircraft not shown
  • a rotary wing aircraft such as a helicopter
  • IMC instrument flying conditions
  • IFR infrastructures instrument flying infrastructures
  • said apparatus 1 is used to implement a method in accordance with the invention that consists in the following steps:
  • said apparatus 1 comprises:
  • said navigation calculator 8 includes a usual navigation function 11 , and said calculator 2 together with said memory 4 are integrated in said navigation calculator 8 .
  • the first above-mentioned step a) in performing all-weather flying lies in preparing and making safe the route relative to the terrain and possible obstacles.
  • the interactive tool 7 includes ordinary pointer means (e.g. a mouse, a keypad, a touch-sensitive screen) that can be actuated by an operator, in particular a pilot of the aircraft, that is coupled to the calculator 2 , and for which the result of actuation is displayed on a screen, in particular on the display screen 6 .
  • ordinary pointer means e.g. a mouse, a keypad, a touch-sensitive screen
  • the route constructed by the pilot using the route-construction tool 7 is input into the calculator 2 which then superposes this theoretical route on the digital terrain model taken from the memory 5 in order to determine possible interference between them, while making allowances for safety margins (minimum distances that are acceptable relative to relief, both in a vertical plane and in the horizontal plane).
  • Such interference is displayed on the display screen 6 so that the pilot can modify the route until all interference has disappeared.
  • the pilot can progressively construct a desirable safe route and cause it to be stored in the memory 4 of the calculator 2 .
  • Safe flying requires the safe route as determined in this way to be followed accurately.
  • the display screen 6 serves to display the positions respectively of the aircraft and of the intended route.
  • the navigation calculator 8 (navigation function 11 ) guides the aircraft very precisely over the safe route.
  • the trajectory actually followed by the aircraft differs slightly from the theoretical route.
  • the calculator 2 verifies that the distance between the theoretical route of the aircraft and the actual position of the aircraft remains acceptable;
  • the navigation calculator uses information coming from the acquisition means 3 and the theoretical route to calculate the deviation, if any, between the aircraft and the theoretical route. If this deviation from the theoretical route becomes greater than predefined safety margins, the pilot is warned by alarms, e.g. displayed on a piloting screen of the piloting system 9 .
  • step ⁇ 2 Making safe relative to the theoretical terrain (step ⁇ 2) is performed by a conventional ground collision avoidance system (GCAS).
  • GCAS ground collision avoidance system
  • the GCAS forms part of a set 12 of systems S 1 , S 2 , . . . , Sn provided on board the aircraft.
  • Said set 12 forms part of the apparatus 1 in accordance with the invention.
  • step ⁇ 3 making safe relative to the real terrain and to obstacles (step ⁇ 3), is performed by a conventional obstacle warning system (OWS) making use of sensors that detect obstacles and relief in darkness or under bad weather conditions.
  • OWS is integrated in the set 12 and includes a display screen or the equivalent for providing the pilot with a safe line over the obstacles, e.g. as defined in French patent No. 2 712 251, together with a warning device for indicating the presence of a dangerous obstacle.
  • the above-mentioned GCAS and OWS calculate a trajectory that is extrapolated in the short term and they compare that with the theoretical terrain (for the GCAS) or with the real terrain (for the OWS).
  • the trajectory is extrapolated solely from immediate variations of the speed vector, without seeking to rejoin the programmed route, unlike the above-mentioned process (step ⁇ 1) that is implemented by the calculator 2 .
  • step c ⁇ ) of the method of the invention can be implemented by an aircraft collision avoidance system (ACAS) that detects the presence and the position of any other aircraft in a radius compatible with the reaction capacities of the aircraft and the pilot, and provides the pilot with information about potential conflicts and with piloting setpoints for avoiding collision.
  • ACAS aircraft collision avoidance system
  • step c ⁇ assistance in perceiving the outside environment is implemented by systems described below forming part of said set 12 .
  • This assistance is essential in all stages of flight close to the ground, not only during landing and/or takeoff, but also when flying at very low altitude. During other stages of flight, it increases the safety level of the flight by giving the pilot additional information that can enable the pilot to optimize piloting actions and reactions.
  • sensors such as cameras of the forward looking infrared (FLIR3) type, of the low light level (LLL) type, of the radio detection and ranging (RADAR) type, of the light detection and ranging (LIDAR) type, or any other equivalent means, producing images that are superposed on the real outside view.
  • FLIR3 forward looking infrared
  • LNL low light level
  • RADAR radio detection and ranging
  • LIDAR light detection and ranging
  • the above-described set of means constituting the apparatus 1 in accordance with the invention serves to perform all of the functions needed for executing a flight under IMC conditions.
  • the reliability and the complementarity of the means used make it possible to perform all of these functions with a level of safety that is at least as good as for a flight executed with support from an IFR infrastructure.
  • the flight since the flight is executed independently of any IFR infrastructure, it escapes from airspace restrictions specific to IFR coverage. It thus becomes possible to access all airspace, which makes all kinds of mission possible, regardless of meteorological conditions and geographical location.
US10/553,408 2003-04-16 2004-04-06 Aircraft flight safety device and method which are intended for an aircraft flying in instrument meteorological conditions and which are used independently of instrument flight infrastructure Abandoned US20070027588A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR03/04753 2003-04-16
FR0304753A FR2853978B1 (fr) 2003-04-16 2003-04-16 Procede et dispositif de securisation du vol d'un aeronef en conditions de vol aux instruments hors infrastructures de vol aux instruments
PCT/FR2004/000939 WO2004095393A2 (fr) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Procede et dispositif de securisation du vol d’un aeronef en conditions de vol aux instruments hors infrastructures de vol aux instruments

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US20070027588A1 true US20070027588A1 (en) 2007-02-01

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US10/553,408 Abandoned US20070027588A1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-06 Aircraft flight safety device and method which are intended for an aircraft flying in instrument meteorological conditions and which are used independently of instrument flight infrastructure
US10/553,965 Active 2024-10-29 US7346437B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Secure interactive 3d navigation method and device

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US10/553,965 Active 2024-10-29 US7346437B2 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-16 Secure interactive 3d navigation method and device

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US (2) US20070027588A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1614086B1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2853978B1 (fr)
WO (2) WO2004095394A2 (fr)

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US7346437B2 (en) 2008-03-18
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WO2004095393A2 (fr) 2004-11-04
EP1614086A2 (fr) 2006-01-11
EP1614085A2 (fr) 2006-01-11
WO2004095394A3 (fr) 2005-04-07
FR2853978A1 (fr) 2004-10-22
EP1614086B1 (fr) 2012-05-09
WO2004095393A3 (fr) 2005-03-31

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