US20060244806A1 - Systems and methods for measuring a like-color region of an object - Google Patents

Systems and methods for measuring a like-color region of an object Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060244806A1
US20060244806A1 US11/403,114 US40311406A US2006244806A1 US 20060244806 A1 US20060244806 A1 US 20060244806A1 US 40311406 A US40311406 A US 40311406A US 2006244806 A1 US2006244806 A1 US 2006244806A1
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Prior art keywords
region
color
determining
value
defining
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James Overbeck
Christian Boes
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X Rite Inc
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X Rite Inc
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Assigned to X-RITE, INCORPORATED reassignment X-RITE, INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BOES, CHRISTIAN L., OVERBECK, JAMES L.
Assigned to FIFTH THIRD BANK reassignment FIFTH THIRD BANK PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT (FIRST LIEN) -- SUPPLEMENTAL IP Assignors: X-RITE, INCORPORATED
Assigned to GOLDMAN SACHS CREDIT PARTNERS L.P. reassignment GOLDMAN SACHS CREDIT PARTNERS L.P. PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT (SECOND LIEN)--SUPPLEMENTAL IP Assignors: X-RITE, INCORPORATED
Publication of US20060244806A1 publication Critical patent/US20060244806A1/en
Assigned to FIFTH THIRD BANK, A MICHIGAN BANKING CORPORATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment FIFTH THIRD BANK, A MICHIGAN BANKING CORPORATION, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: GRETAGMACBETH LLC, MONACO ACQUISITION COMPANY, OTP, INCORPORATED, PANTONE, INC., X-RITE GLOBAL, INCORPORATED, X-RITE HOLDINGS, INC., X-RITE, INCORPORATED
Assigned to THE BANK OF NEW YORK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment THE BANK OF NEW YORK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT (SECOND LIEN) Assignors: X-RITE, INCORPORATED
Assigned to X-RITE, INCORPORATED, GRETAGMACBETH, LLC, X-RITE HOLDINGS, INC., X-RITE GLOBAL, INCORPORATED, PANTONE, INC., MONACO ACQUISITION COMPANY, OTP, INCORPORATED reassignment X-RITE, INCORPORATED RELEASE BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON, AS AGENT
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/50—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/46—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters
    • G01J3/50—Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J3/501—Colorimeters using spectrally-selective light sources, e.g. LEDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G01N21/643—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" non-biological material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/72—Controlling or varying light intensity, spectral composition, or exposure time in photographic printing apparatus
    • G03B27/80—Controlling or varying light intensity, spectral composition, or exposure time in photographic printing apparatus in dependence upon automatic analysis of the original
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/90—Determination of colour characteristics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
    • G06V10/10—Image acquisition
    • G06V10/12—Details of acquisition arrangements; Constructional details thereof
    • G06V10/14—Optical characteristics of the device performing the acquisition or on the illumination arrangements
    • G06V10/145—Illumination specially adapted for pattern recognition, e.g. using gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/80—Recognising image objects characterised by unique random patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
    • G01N21/474—Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres
    • G01N2021/4742—Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres comprising optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
    • G01N21/57—Measuring gloss
    • G01N2021/575—Photogoniometering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
    • G01N2021/6439—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes" with indicators, stains, dyes, tags, labels, marks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
    • G01N2021/6484—Optical fibres
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/062—LED's
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/063—Illuminating optical parts
    • G01N2201/0633—Directed, collimated illumination

Definitions

  • This application discloses an invention that is related, generally and in various embodiments, to systems and methods for measuring a like-color region of an object.
  • a handheld instrument For some applications, it is known to utilize a handheld instrument to measure the object. Such instruments generally measure a spot on the object and have a relatively small measuring aperture. The aperture must be accurately aligned with the artifact to secure an accurate measurement. The measuring aperture must also be positioned away from any edge transition to secure an accurate measurement. For artifacts that are larger than the spot area measured by such instruments, a significant portion of the artifact may be left unmeasured.
  • this application discloses a method for measuring a like-color region of an object.
  • the method comprises defining a first region of a colorimetric image of the object, determining a statistical representation of the first region based on a color metric, and defining a second region of the colorimetric image such that the second region comprises at least a portion of the first region.
  • this application discloses a system for measuring a like-color region of an object.
  • the system comprises a spatial module for defining a first region of a colorimetric image of the object, a statistical module for determining a statistical representation of the first region, and a color difference module for defining a second region of the colorimetric image such that the second region comprises at least a portion of the first region.
  • aspects of the disclosed invention may be implemented by a computer system and/or by a computer program stored on a computer readable medium.
  • the computer readable medium may comprise a disk, a device, and/or a propagated signal.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates various embodiments of a method for measuring a like-color region of an object
  • FIG. 2 illustrates various embodiments of a system for measuring a like-color region of an object.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates various embodiments of a method 10 for measuring a like-color region of an object.
  • the like-color region may be associated with an artifact that comprises a portion of the object, and the artifact may be of any size and shape.
  • the artifact may be an irregularly-shaped artifact.
  • the method starts at block 12 , where a colorimetric image of the object is obtained.
  • the colorimetric image may be a calorimetric image of the entire object, or of just a portion of the object (e.g., a portion that includes the artifact), and may be obtained in any known manner.
  • the calorimetric image may be obtained using a hand-held measuring instrument, a scanning device, etc.
  • spectral data associated with the object may also be obtained at block 12 .
  • the method advances to block 14 , where a first region of the colorimetric image is defined.
  • the first region may be representative of the entire artifact, or just a portion thereof.
  • defining the first region comprises identifying the one or more pixels that comprise the first region and collectively describe the shape and location of the first region.
  • the first region may be defined in any suitable manner.
  • a simple spatial algorithm may be utilized to define the first region.
  • the spatial algorithm may identify a single pixel that defines the first region.
  • the spatial algorithm may define a circle such that all of the pixels comprising the circle define the first region.
  • the spatial algorithm may define four coordinates that describe corner pixels of a square such that all of the pixels comprising the square define the first region.
  • the spatial algorithm may define an irregular map of pixels such as, for example, a group of pixels that looks like the state of Michigan.
  • the first region may be considered a first crop region representative of the artifact or a portion thereof.
  • a statistical representation of the first region is determined based on a color metric.
  • a color value may be determined for each pixel in the first region.
  • the color value may be based on any known color standard.
  • the color value may be a L*a*b* value, a L*u*v* value, a L*C*H° value, an XYZ value, an xyz value, a Yxy value, a L*u′v′ value, a Hunter Lab value, etc.
  • the color values may be determined by determining a L*a*b* value for each pixel in the first region, a L*u*v* value for each pixel in the first region, a L*C*H° value for each pixel in the first region, etc.
  • Some statistics, such as median, will automatically reject outlier pixels from contributing to the final result. In that and other similar cases, a fraction of the pixels contained in the first region are represented in the statistical result.
  • one or more statistical representations of the first region may be determined. For example, according to various embodiments, a mean of the color values of the pixels in the first region may be determined. Similarly, a median, standard deviation, and/or a statistical moment of the color values of the pixels in the first region may be determined. In addition, other statistics such as, for example, statistics that indicate the spatial frequency of certain data may be determined.
  • Each statistical representation may be stored in a memory. The statistical representations may serve to dramatically reduce the size of the data associated with the first region and the time required for subsequent processing.
  • Information concerning the location of the first region in the colorimetric image may also be stored in a memory. The location may be represented in any suitable manner. For example, the location may be represented by coordinates of pixels that define the perimeter of the first region, by a coordinate of an origin in the colorimetric image, with reference to a fiducial in the colorimetric image, etc.
  • a second region of the colorimetric image is defined.
  • the second region is representative of the like-colored regions of the artifact, and is defined such that the second region comprises at least a portion of the first region.
  • the artifact may be an irregularly-shaped artifact
  • the second region may be irregularly-shaped.
  • the second region may include just a portion of the first region, or may include the first region and additional pixels.
  • defining the second region comprises determining a difference between a target color and the color values of individual pixels. This may be done for each pixel in the first region, and for one or more pixels external to the first region.
  • consideration of such pixels may be limited to pixels within a predetermined distance of the first region (a spatial threshold) or to pixels having a predefined connectedness to the first region.
  • the second region may be determined by performing a flooding operation starting at the center of the first region.
  • a color value must be determined for each pixel before the difference between the color value and the target value can be determined.
  • the target color may be, for example, the mean of the color values of the pixels of the first region, the average of the color values of the pixels of the first region, etc.
  • the color differences may be based on any known color difference standards.
  • the color differences may be based on CIELAB delta E units, CIE94 delta E units, CIE2000 delta E units, or CMC delta E units.
  • the color differences may be determined in any suitable manner.
  • a color algorithm may be utilized to determine the color differences, and to determine whether particular pixels should be included in the second region based on their closeness to the target color.
  • the second region may be considered a second crop region representative of the artifact and is related to the color(s) described by the first crop region.
  • the data representative of the second region may be stored in a memory.
  • the method 10 also serves to dramatically reduce the size of the data associated with the second region and the time required for subsequent processing.
  • the sequence of the method 10 may be altered.
  • the method may be utilized to first find regions of like-color in the colorimetric image and then determine the appropriate “crop” shape for each region.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates various embodiments of a system 40 for measuring a like-color region of an object.
  • one or more elements of the system 40 may perform the method 10 as described above.
  • the system 40 includes a measuring instrument 42 , a processor 44 , a memory 46 , a spatial module 48 , a statistical module 50 , and a color difference module 52 .
  • one or more of the processor 44 , the memory 46 , the spatial module 48 , the statistical module 50 , and the color difference module 52 may comprise a portion of the measuring instrument 42 .
  • one or more of the processor 44 , the memory 46 , the spatial module 48 , the statistical module 50 , and the color difference module 52 may be separate and apart from the measuring instrument 42 . For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the processor 44 may be in wired or wireless communication with the measuring instrument 42 , and the memory 46 , the spatial module 48 , the statistical module 50 , and the color difference module 52 may be in wired or wireless communication with the processor 44 .
  • some system components may communicate with other system components in a different manner.
  • the measuring instrument 42 may be any measuring instrument suitable for taking a calorimetric image of an object.
  • the measuring instrument 42 may be a hand-held instrument, a scanning device, etc.
  • the measuring instrument 42 may also be configured to measure spectral data of the object.
  • the memory 46 may be any type of memory suitable for storing data.
  • the spatial module 48 may be configured to define a first region of the colorimetric image. According to various embodiments, the first region may be representative of an artifact on the object or a portion of the artifact. Therefore, the spatial module 48 may be configured to define a first crop region in the colorimetric image representative of the artifact or a portion thereof.
  • the statistical module 50 may be configured to determine statistics representative of the first region of the calorimetric image.
  • the statistics may include, for example, a mean of the color values of pixels in the first region, a median of the color values of pixels in the first region, a standard deviation of the color values of pixels in the first region, a statistical moment of the color values of the pixels in the first region, etc.
  • the statistical module 50 may also be configured to determine a color value for any pixel in the colorimetric image.
  • the statistical module 50 may also be configured to determine spectral-based information associated with the artifact such as, for example, density, whiteness, brightness, etc. based on spectral data associated with the artifact.
  • the color difference module 52 may be configured to define the second region of the colorimetric image such that the second region comprises at least a portion of the first region. According to various embodiments, the second region may be representative of the artifact of the object. Therefore, the color difference module 52 may be configured to define a second crop region in the calorimetric image representative of the artifact. The color difference module 52 may also determine a color difference between a target color and the color value of any pixel in the colorimetric image.
  • Each of the modules 48 , 50 , 52 may be implemented as software applications, computer programs, etc. utilizing any suitable computer language (e.g., C, C++, Delphi, Java, JavaScript, Perl, Visual Basic, VBScript, etc.) and may be embodied permanently or temporarily in any type of machine, component, physical or virtual equipment, storage medium, or propagated signal capable of delivering instructions to a device.
  • the software code may be stored as a series of instructions or commands on a computer-readable medium such that when the processor 44 reads the medium, the functions described herein are performed.
  • computer-readable medium may include, for example, magnetic and optical memory devices such as diskettes, compact discs of both read-only and writeable varieties, optical disk drives, and hard disk drives.
  • a computer-readable medium may also include memory storage that can be physical, virtual, permanent, temporary, semi-permanent and/or semi-temporary.
  • a computer-readable medium may further include one or more propagated signals, and such propagated signals may or may not be transmitted on one or more carrier waves.
  • modules 48 , 50 , 52 are shown in FIG. 2 as three separate modules, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the functionality of the modules 48 , 50 , 52 may be combined into a single module. Also, although the modules 48 , 50 , 52 are shown as being part of a common system 40 , the modules 48 , 50 , 52 may be installed on separate, distinct systems that are in wired or wireless communication with one another. For example, for embodiments where one or more of the modules 48 , 50 , 52 are installed on separate distinct systems, the modules may be in communication with one another via a network (not shown). Such a network may include any type of delivery system including, but not limited to, a local area network (e.g., Ethernet), a wide area network (e.g.
  • a telephone network e.g., analog, digital, wired, wireless, PSTN, ISDN, GSM, GPRS, and/or XDSL
  • a packet-switched network e.g., a radio network, a television network, a cable network, a satellite network, and/or any other wired or wireless communications network configured to carry data.
  • a network may also include elements, such as, for example, intermediate nodes, proxy servers, routers, switches, and adapters configured to direct and/or deliver data.

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  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
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  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
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US11/403,114 2005-04-12 2006-04-12 Systems and methods for measuring a like-color region of an object Abandoned US20060244806A1 (en)

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US11/402,788 Active 2027-03-23 US7545499B2 (en) 2005-04-12 2006-04-12 Systems and methods for measuring a colored flexible material during a manufacturing process
US11/403,334 Abandoned US20060244948A1 (en) 2005-04-12 2006-04-12 Systems and methods for validating a security feature of an object
US11/403,114 Abandoned US20060244806A1 (en) 2005-04-12 2006-04-12 Systems and methods for measuring a like-color region of an object

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US20060244948A1 (en) * 2005-04-12 2006-11-02 Overbeck James L Systems and methods for validating a security feature of an object
US20060244960A1 (en) * 2005-04-05 2006-11-02 Overbeck James L Systems and methods for monitoring a process output with a highly abridged spectrophotometer
US20070035740A1 (en) * 2005-08-15 2007-02-15 Nisper Jon K Optical instrument
US20070188764A1 (en) * 2005-08-15 2007-08-16 Nisper Jon K Optical instrument and components thereof

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US20060244935A1 (en) 2006-11-02
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