US20060243356A1

US20060243356A1 - Austenite-type stainless steel hot-rolling steel material with excellent corrosion resistance, proof-stress, and low-temperature toughness and production method thereof

Info

Publication number: US20060243356A1
Application number: US11/343,516
Authority: US
Inventors: Yuusuke Oikawa; Shinji Tsuge; Shigeo Fukumoto; Kazuhiro Suetsugu; Ryo Matsuhashi; Hiroshige Inoue
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Nippon Steel Corp; Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corp
Priority date: 2005-02-02
Filing date: 2006-01-30
Publication date: 2006-11-02
Also published as: US8105447B2; US20120111457A1; US20100230011A1; US8506729B2

Abstract

An austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled steel material can be provided which has sea-water resistance and strength superior to conventional steel. Low-temperature toughness can be maintained, which is preferable in a structural member of speedy craft. The steel material can include an austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled steel material which excels in the properties of corrosion resistance, proof stress, and low-temperature toughness. In such austenitic stainless steel hot-rolling steel material, e.g., PI[=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N] ranges from 35 to 40, δ cal [=2.9 (Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6 (Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18] ranges from −6 to +2, and a 0.2% proof stress at room temperature is not less than 550 MPa, Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at −40° C. is not less than 100 J/cm2, and the pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of 10% NaCl at 50° C. (Vc′100) is not less than 500 mV (as it relates to saturated Ag/AgCl).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a structural steel material which excels in corrosion resistance and is used in a marine (chloride) environment, for example; an austenite-type stainless steel hot-rolling steel material, as a hull-structural material which excels in strength as well as seawater resistance, and low-temperature toughness, upon being used as a material for an outer shell, a bulkhead, an frame, a hydrofoil, etc.; and a production method thereof.
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-26177, filed Feb. 2, 2005, Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-26176, filed Feb. 2, 2005, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-012569, filed Jan. 20, 2006, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
2. Background Art
Hitherto, coated steel sheets to which a heavy corrosive protection was applied were used for hull structures. The demand for speedy craft equipped with hydrofoils etc. has increased, and since high-speed sea water flow comes into contact with the hydrofoils, etc., this use requires a material which excels in sea water resistance without requiring being coated. In order to reduce hull weight further, a material having a high strength is required.
Although austenitic stainless steel is promising as a material which excels in sea water resistance, in a common production method, austenitic stainless steel is subjected to a solution annealing treatment after hot-rolling, thereby softening the resultant austenitic stainless steel so that the proof stress of the austenitic stainless steel is at most 400 MPa.
The strength can be increased by performing a hot-rolling processing under a specific temperature condition while omitting the solution annealing treatment, which has been disclosed in many literatures in the past (Patent document 1 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. S. 60-208459), Patent document 2 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H. 2-97649), and Patent document 3 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. H. 4-6214)).
Among these, although Patent document 2 discloses a production method of an austenitic stainless steel having a high proof stress while maintaining a low-temperature toughness, the sea water resistance is not taken into consideration in this austenitic stainless steel while maintaining low-temperature toughness. Although Patent document 3 discloses a production method of an austenitic stainless steel which has a high proof stress of not less than 500 MPa and excellent sea-water resistance, which includes performing a heat treatment on steel which contains 0.3% or more of N and 0.5 to 3.0% of Mo under a specific condition, Patent document 3 fails to make any disclosure regarding toughness.
Moreover, Patent document 4 (patent No. 2783895 official report) and Patent document 5 (patent No. 2783896 official report) disclose a production technique of an austenitic stainless steel with little softening of a weld part by adding a Nb-type element.
Cr, Mo, and N are known as elements which increase sea water resistance, and the corrosion resistance ranking in steel is determined by the formula: PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N as a pitting index. When the PI value of the component shown in examples of Patent document 3 is calculated, it is approximately 32 in the minimum case, but as a stainless steel which gives a higher PI value (not less than 35), SUS836L and 890L, which contain 23% or more of Ni, are known as austenitic types, whereas SUS329J4L, which contains 5.5 to 7.5% of Ni, is known as a two-phase type.
Since two-phase-type SUS329J4L contains a ferrite phase, SUS329J4L has high proof stress. A two-phase stainless steel known as a super two-phase, in which Mo and W contents are increased has also been developed in recent years, and application thereof as a material with high hardness and high corrosion resistance has started. On the other hand, a high strength steel material of an austenitic-type high corrosion resistance stainless steel having a PI value over 35 has not yet been put in practical use.
Stainless steel is more susceptible to crevice corrosion when it is shaped into a crevice form than when it is not shaped i.e. flat. Therefore, in order to produce steel suitable for broad use in hull structures and which is low-maintenance, it is required to develop a highly corrosion-resistant steel material which is higher than the steel material disclosed in Patent document 3.
On the other hand, the demand for a stainless steel material for ocean-going craft which is reliable when stranded or after a collision between shipping is increasing. Characteristics of bothe base material and weldability are required for reliability. Regarding the reliability of the mother base, high toughness is required in preparation for a collision. Among Cr, Mo and N, which increase corrosion resistance, as for Mo and Cr, it is not sufficient to simply add, because processability in hot-rolling will decrease remarkably due to the influence of delta ferrite contained in cast steel or semi-finished products; in addition, in the case of a high Cr and Mo steel, in general, the toughness of the steel deteriorates remarkably due to the influence of an intermetallic compound known as a a phase, and hence it is necessary to add a large amount of Ni in order to suppress the influence of both. However, considering the rising prices of raw materials of Ni and Mo these days, development of a low-cost, highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel is especially desired . It should be noted that, two-phase steel cannot be adopted because of its low-temperature toughness.
On the other hand, as for adding N as is disclosed in Patent document 3, it is indeed effective for maintaining the strength, however, excessive N causes the generation of bubbles at a welded part, thereby it may decrease the bonding strength and reliability of the welded part, to the contrary.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide an austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled steel material which has sea-water resistance and strength superior to the conventional steel, while maintaining low-temperature toughness, which is required in a structural member of a high-speed ship, that is, to provide an austenitic stainless steel hot-rolled steel material which excels in the properties of corrosion resistance, proof stress, and low-temperature toughness.
The inventors of the present invention have investigated the strength, the toughness, and the corrosion resistance of a sheethot-rolled plate obtained by casting, heat-rolling processing, and heat treatment of an austenitic component system in which the N amount is not more than 0.35% in view of weldability and the PI value is not less than 35, in view of weldability. In particular, the inventors of the present invention have found that the toughness cannot be determined by only the Ni content, but is determined by the content of intermetallic compounds, which are contained in a steel material, having high Cr and Mo contents. Formation of a metallographic structure as such starts from the solidification of steel, in addition, the formation may be generated at any steps in hot-rolling processing. So, they first started to investigate the influence of a chemical composition on a solidified structure, and then investigated the influence of conditions on rough rolling of cast steel, homogenizing heat treatment, hot working, and heat treatment. As a result, they restricted the content of component elements the solidification structure and the metallographic structure of a steel material to obtain an austenitic stainless steel which can solve the problems of the conventional technique and excels in corrosion resistance, toughness, strength, and hot processability, the solidification structure, the metallographic structure of a steel material, thereby completing the austenitic stainless steel of the present invention and the production method thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A first aspect of the present invention is as follows.
That is, an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having excellent corrosion resistance, proof stress, and low-temperature toughness, including: 0.001 to 0.03 mass % of C, 0.1 to 1.5 mass % of Si, 0.1 to 3.0 mass % of Mn, 0.005 to 0.05 mass % of P, 0.0001 to 0.003 mass % of S, 15.0 to 21.0 mass % of Ni, 22.0 to 28.0 mass % of Cr, 1.5 to 3.5 mass % of Mo, 0.15 to 0.35 mass % of N and 0.0005 to 0.007 mass % of o, in which the PI value expressed by the following formula (1) ranges from 35 to 40, δ cal value expressed by the following formula (2) ranges from −6 to +2, the remnant consists of Fe and inevitable impurities, the content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is not more than 0.5 mass %, a 0.2% proof stress at room temperature is not less than 550 MPa, the Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at −40° C. is not less than 100 J/cm², and the pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of 10% NaCl at 50° C. (Vc′100) is not less than 500 mV(vs saturated Ag/AgCl).
PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N (1)
δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+32C+20N)−18 (2)
In addition to this, as second to sixth aspect of the present invention, the following metallic elements can be contained:
1) (The Second Aspect of the Present Invention)
One or two selected from the group consisting of 0.3 to 3.0 mass % of W and 0.005 to 0.1 mass % of Al.
2) (The Third Aspect of the Present Invention)
One or more selected from the group consisting of 0.3 to 3.0 mass % of W, 0.005 to 0.1 mass % of Al, 0.3 to 2.0 mass % of Cu, and not more than 0.1 mass % of Sn.
3) (The Fourth Aspect of the Present Invention)
One or more selected from the group consisting of 0.3 to 3.0 mass % of W, 0.005 to 0.1 mass % of Al, 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass % of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass % of Mg, and 0.005 to 0.10 mass % of REM.
4) (The Fifth Aspect of the Present Invention)
0.3 to 3.0 mass % of W, 0.005 to 0.1 mass % of Al, 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass % of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass % of Mg, 0.005 to 0.10 mass % of REM, and 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass % of B.
5) (The Sixth Aspect of the Present Invention)
One or more selected from the group consisting of 0.3 to 3.0 mass % of W, 0.005 to 0.1 mass % of Al, 0.3 to 2.0 mass % of Cu, not more than 0.1 mass % of Sn, 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass % of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass % of Mg, 0.005 to 0.10 mass % of REM, 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass % of B, 0.003 to 0.03 mass % of Ti, 0.02 to 0.20 mass % of Nb, 0.003 to 0.03 mass % of Zr, 0.05 to 0.5 mass % of V, and 0.01 to 0.1 mass % of Ta.
A seventh aspect of the present invention is a process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having excellent corrosion resistance, proof stress, and low-temperature toughness, including: performing homogenizing-heat treatment on a cast steel or a semi-finished product of the austenitic stainless as set forth in aspects 1 to 6 at a temperature of 1200 to 1300° C. for 1 hour or more, reheating it at a temperature of 1100 to 1300° C., rolling it by a draft of not less than 50% at a temperature of not lower than 1050° C. and a draft of not less than 10% at a temperature of 1050 to 850° C., while maintaining a temperature of not lower than 850° C. in the rolling step, allowing an average cooling rate at 800 to 500° C. after the rolling to be not less than 150° C./min, and performing no solution treatment.
The present invention can provide austenitic stainless steel having excellent sea water resistance, proof stress, and low-temperature toughness, by restricting the component and performing a specific heat treatment processing.
The present invention realizes an austenitic stainless steel suitable for hull structures having a high level of sea water resistance and proof stress and low-temperature toughness, which are required as components for structures of high-speed ships, and contributes to industry significantly.
Moreover, an eighth aspect of the present invention is as follows.
An austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having excellent corrosion resistance, and low-temperature toughness, including: not more than 0.03 mass % of C, 0.1 to 1.5 mass % of Si, 0.1 to 3.0 mass % of Mn, not more than 0.05 mass % of P, not more than 0.003 mass % of S, 15.0 to 21.0 mass % of Ni, 22.0 to 28.0 mass % of Cr, 1.5 to 3.5 mass % of Mo, 0.15 to 0.35 mass % of N, 0.005 to 0.1 mass % of Al, and not more than 0.007 mass % of O, in which the PI value expressed by the following formula (1) ranges from 35 to 40, δ cal value expressed by the following formula (2) ranges from −6 to +4, the remnant consists of Fe and substantially inevitable impurities, and the content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is not more than 0.5 mass %,
PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N (1)
δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+32C+20N)−18 (2)
in which the value by each element represents the content of the element expressed in terms of mass %.
A ninth aspect of the present invention is the austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having excellent corrosion resistance, and low-temperature toughness, as set forth in the eighth aspect of the present invention, further including one or more selected from the group consisting of 0.1 to 2.0 mass % of Cu, 0.003 to 0.03 mass % of Ti, 0.02 to 0.20 mass % of Nb, 0.05 to 0.5 mass % of V, 0.3 to 3.0 mass % of W, 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass % of B, 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass % of Ca, 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass % of Mg, and 0.005 to 0.10 of REM.
A tenth aspect of the present invention is a process for producing the austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having excellent corrosion resistance, and low-temperature toughness, as set forth in the eighth or ninth aspect of the present invention, including: performing homogenizing-heat treatment on a cast steel or a semi-finished product after a rough heat-rolling processing at a temperature of 1200 to 1300° C. for 1 hour or more, in order to reduce the content of the intermetallic compound in the steel material.
The present invention realizes an austenitic stainless steel suitable for hull structures having a high level of sea water resistance and proof stress, which are required as components for structures of high-speed ships, and low-temperature toughness, and contributes to industry significantly.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

First, the reason for restricting the first aspect of the present invention will be explained below.
First, the characteristics required for structural shipping materials are specified.
As for corrosion resistance, it is necessary to withstand sea water even without a heavy duty corrosion-resistant coating being applied thereto, and those characteristics necessary for satisfying such corrosion resistance were investigated to obtain the following results.
That is, although a usual pitting electric potential is measured in 30° C.-3.5% NaCl, the water temperature often reaches 50° C., in consideration of sea water resistance in the tropics, and further, sea water is often condensed in a gappy structure so that the NaCl concentration may increase to be higher than the 3.5% of normal sea water, and it was revealed that if the pitting electrical potential (Vc′100) measured in a deaerated 50° C.-3.5% NaCl aqueous solution is not less than 500 mV, then there are no problems in terms of practical use. It should be noted that saturated Ag/AgCl was used as a reference electrode.
As for impact resistance, since it becomes a problem conversely in cold areas, it is specified that a Charpy impact value should be not less than 100 J/cm²at −40° C., at which it is recognized in general that no problems occur in ships.
As for hardness, it is preferably as high as possible, for reducing weight. The present invention can provide a steel material having a high strength with a 0.2% proof stress of not less than 550 MPa at room temperature, provided that the above corrosion resistance and the impact strength are satisfied.
Next, the reason for restricting the components in the present invention will be explained.
The content of C is restricted to not more than 0.03%, in order to maintain the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. If the content of C exceeds 0.03%, then Cr carbide will be generated and corrosion resistance and toughness will deteriorate. However, if the content of C is reduced extremely, then the cost for refining increases, and hence the lower limit is specified as 0.001%. Preferably, it is 0.01 to 0.03%.
Si is added at not less than 0.1% for deoxidation. However, if the content of Si exceeds 1.5%, then toughness will deteriorate. Therefore, the upper limit is specified as 1.5%. Preferably it ranges from 0.2 to 1.0%.
Mn is added at not less than 0.1% for deoxidation. However, if the content of Mn exceeds 3.0%, then corrosion resistance and toughness will deteriorate. Therefore, the lower limit is specified as 3.0%. The preferable range is from 0.2 to 1.5%.
P is restricted to not more than 0.05%, because P deteriorates the hot-rolling processability and toughness. However, if the content of P is remarkably decreased, then refining cost increases, and hence the lower limit is specified as 0.005%. Preferably, it ranges from 0.01 to 0.03%.
S is restricted to not more than 0.003%, because S deteriorates the hot-rolling processability, toughness, and corrosion resistance. However, if the content of S is remarkably decreased, then refining cost increases, and hence the lower limit is specified as 0.0001%. Preferably, it ranges from 0.0005 to 0.001%.
Since Ni stabilizes an austenitic configuration, and improves the corrosion resistance against various acids and toughness further, Ni is added at not less than 15.0%. On the other hand, since Ni is an expensive metal, the content of Ni is restricted to not more than 21.0% from the viewpoint of cost.
Cr is contained at not less than 22.0% in order to secure basic corrosion resistance. On the other hand, if Cr is contained at over 28.0%, then an intermetallic compound is likely to be deposited to deteriorate toughness. For this reason, the content of Cr is specified within a range of not less than 28.0% to not more than 22.0%.
Mo is a very effective element which raises the corrosion resistance of stainless steel additionally, and is contained at not less than 1.5% in the present invention. On the other hand, Mo is a very expensive element and Mo promotes deposition of an intermetallic compound with Cr, and hence the upper limit of Mo is specified as not more than 3.5%. Preferably the content of Mo ranges from 2.0 to 3.0%.
N is an effective element which intercrystallizes into an austenite phase to increase hardness and corrosion resistance. For this reason, N is contained at not less than 0.15%. Although N can be intercrystallized into a base material by up to 0.4%, the upper limit of the content of N is specified as 0.35%, because N raises the sensitivity of generation of bubbling when performing welding. Preferably, the content of N is not more than 0.30%.
O is an important element which constitutes an oxide which represents a nonmetallic inclusion, and excessive content of O deteriorates toughness, on the other hand, if a coarse cluster-like oxide is generated, then it cause surface cracking. For this reason, the upper limit of the content of O is restricted to 0.007%. Moreover, if the content of O is decreased remarkably, then the cost for refining increases, and hence the lower limit is specified to 0.0005%. Preferably, the content of O ranges from 0.001 to 0.004%.
PI value expressed by the above formula (1): A pitting index is an index of corrosion resistance of stainless steel to a chloride environment, and it was possible to obtain required characteristics by restricting the PI value to not less than 35. As stainless steel having a PI value of more than 40, SUS836L etc. are exemplary, but the content of Ni thereof is not less than 24%, and it is very expensive. In the present invention, since the target is an austenitic stainless steel which has corrosion resistance corresponding to cost, the upper limit of the PI value is specified as 40. It should be noted that, in the present invention which contains no W, the value of W in formula (1) is set to 0.
The δ cal expressed by the above formula (2) is an index which indicates the quantity of the delta ferrite which appears in the solidified configuration of austenitic stainless steel, and in order to reduce solidification crack sensitivity or to make a configuration fine, generally it is controlled to approximately 0 to 7%. However, in steel having a high content of Cr as in the present invention, delta ferrite in a solidified configuration changes into an intermetallic compound during the hot-rolling production step, and remains in a steel material as a by-product, thereby deteriorating toughness. For this reason, the upper limit of δ cal is restricted to +2 so that delta ferrite might decrease. If δ cal exceeds this value, then it becomes difficult to obtain high toughness even when devising in the hot-rolling production step. On the other hand, the side in which δ cal is small (minus) means that the delta ferrite content becomes substantially 0%, as a result, the above effect is saturated and an excess of Ni content will be contained, and hence the lower limit is restricted to −6, in view of cost. Preferably, δ cal ranges from −3 to +1. It should be noted that in the present invention without containing W and Cu, the value of W or Cu in formula (2) is set to 0.
The content of intermetallic compound which is contained in steel materials is an important factor which dictates the toughness of the austenitic stainless steel material in the present invention. An intermetallic compound is a compound which contains Cr, Mo, or W, as main ingredients and is known as σ phase and χ phase, The content of this compound can be measured by performing alkali electrolytic etching of the micro configuration and observing it with an approximately 400-power optical microscope. The inventors of the present invention have found that if this content as an average value of observation of the cross-section of a steel material exceeds 0.5%, then Charpy absorbed energy of the steel material becomes less than 100 J/cm², and specified the upper limit thereof to be 0.5%.
The reason for restricting the second aspect of the present invention will be explained.
W is an element which raises the corrosion resistance of stainless steel additionally as well as Mo, and W can be contained by an amount ranging from 0.3 to 3.0% in the present invention steel for this purpose.
Al is an important element for deoxidation of steel, and in order to reduce oxygen in steel, Al is contained by at amount of not less than 0.005%. On the other hand, Al is an element having a relatively large affinity to N, and hence if an excess of Al is added, then AlN is generated to deteriorate the toughness of stainless steel. Although the degree of deterioration of toughness depends on the N content, if the Al content exceeds 0.1%, then the toughness deteriorates significantly, and hence the upper limit of Al content is specified as 0.1%.
The reason for restricting the third aspect of the present invention will be explained.
Cu is an element which raises the corrosion resistance of stainless steel against an acid additionally, and Cu can be contained for this purpose. It is preferable to add Cu in an amount of not less than 0.3%, whereas if Cu in an amount of more than 2.0% is added, the effect in line with the cost is saturated, and hence the upper limit is specified as 2.0%.
Although Sn also raises the corrosion resistance of steel, an excess of Sn causes hot-rolling processing cracking, and hence the upper limit is specified as 0.1%. Preferably, the lower limit of Sn content is specified as 0.005%.
The reason for restricting the fourth aspect of the present invention will be explained.
Each of Ca, Mg, and REM(s) is an element which improves the hot-rolling processability of steel, and one or more of them are added for this purpose. Excessive addition of each of them deteriorates the hot-rolling processability adversely, and hence the upper limit and the lower limit thereof are specified as follows. That is, the content of each of Ca and Mg ranges from 0.0005 to 0.0050%, and the content of REM ranges from 0.005 to 0.10%. Here, REM represents the total content of a lanthanide series rare-earth element such as La, Ce, etc.
Furthermore, the PV value specified by the following formula (3) is set to be not more than 0. This formula is one that clarifies the required amount Ca, Mg, and REM to be added based on the existing amount of S, and it is possible to add exactly by making the PV value to be not more than 0, thereby improving the hot-rolling processability further.
PV=S+O−0.8Ca−0.3Mg−0.3REM−30 (3)
The reason for restricting the fifth aspect of the present invention will be explained.
As for B, by adding it in an amount of not less than 0.0003%, it becomes possible to increase grain boundary strength and improve the hot-rolling processability. However, since excessive addition of B deteriorates the hot-rolling processability to the contrary due to an excessively deposited boride, the upper limit of the B content is specified as 0.0060%.
The reason for restricting the sixth aspect of the present invention will be explained.
Ti is an element which forms an oxide, a nitride, and sulfide with a very small amount thereof, and makes the crystal grain of steel fine, and Ti is an element which can be advantageously used in the steel material of the present invention. In order to reduce the intermetallic compound content in steel materials, it is effective to restrict the upper limit value of δ cal and perform homogenizing heat treatment of semi-finished products. Among these, in the latter method, heat treatment at a high temperature of approximately 1250° C. will be performed for several hours, if a proper amount of Ti is contained therein, then growth of crystal grain during the heat treatment at a high temperature as such can be effectively suppressed. For this purpose, it is necessary to add Ti in an amount of not less than 0.003%. On the other hand, Ti is an element which has a very high nitride-forming power, and hence if Ti in an amount of over 0.03% is contained in the steel material of the present invention which contains N, then coarse TiN will deteriorate the toughness of the steel. For this reason, Ti content is specified in the range of 0.003 to 0.03%. Preferably, the Ti content ranges from 0.005 to 0.02%, in the case in which Ti is contained.
Nb forms carbide to fix C, thereby suppressing formation of Cr carbide to increase corrosion resistance and toughness. In addition, Nb forms nitride to suppress the growth of crystal grain, thereby converting steel material into fine grains to increase the strength. For improving corrosion resistance and increasing strength, Nb in an amount of not less than 0.02% can be contained. However, if Nb in an amount of over 0.2% is added, then a large amount of carbon nitride of Nb is deposited during the hot-rolling processing step to deteriorate the hot-rolling recrystallization and a coarse configuration will remain in a steel material as a product, and hence the upper limit of Nb content is specified as 0.2%. Preferably Nb content ranges from 0.05% to 0.15%.
V is an element that forms a carbon nitride as well as Nb, and V can be added in order to maintain corrosion resistance and toughness. Although V is contained in an amount of not less than 0.05% for this purpose, if V in an amount of over 0.5% is contained, then a coarse V series carbon nitride will be generated, and toughness will deteriorate conversely. Therefore, the upper limit of V is restricted to 0.5%. Preferably, V content ranges from 0.1 to 0.3%.
Although Zr and Ta can inhibit the negative influence on the corrosion resistance of C or S by addition, if Zr or Ta is added excessively, then deterioration of toughness will occur, and hence Zr content is restricted to 0.003 to 0.03% and Ta content is restricted to 0.01 to 0.1%.
The reason for restricting the seventh aspect of the present invention will be explained.
In order to increase the toughness of steel materials in the present invention, the amount of intermetallic compound contained in the steel material is restricted to not more than 0.5%, however, solidifying heat treatment after the final heat-rolling step must be omitted in order to obtain high proof stress. Therefore, as for an intermetallic compound, it is necessary to reduce the intermetallic compound contained in a cast steel, and to prevent formation of the intermetallic compound during the hot-rolling step as far as possible.
First, as the technique for reducing the intermetallic compound in the cast steel, it is necessary to combine the controlling of δ cal with the homogenizing heat treatment to the cast steel of steel described in this aspect. In the case in which there is no solidification segregation in the target steel materials of the present invention, the temperature at which an intermetallic compound is generated is approximately not higher than 1000° C. However, in the semi-finished product which is accompanied with segregation of ingredients caused by solidification, it becomes necessary to perform a production step for diffusing the segregation and homogenizing it in order to reduce the content of an intermetallic compound in the semi-finished product. Although the temperature and the time of this homogenizing heat treatment will change slightly, corresponding to chemical composition such as solidifying rate and cross-sectional area of the cast steel, the degree of hot-rolling processing when processing into a semi-finished product, and δ cal, etc., the temperature required is not lower than 1200° C., because the rate is limited by diffusion of Cr, Mo, Ni, etc. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 1300° C., then oxidized scale will be generated more than usually As for the time, it is preferable that the time be as long as possible, and at least one hour is necessary. Moreover, this purpose can be attained by performing a soaking at 1200° C. for one hour or more during heating of the semi-finished product for rolling a product. As mentioned above, it is specified to perform homogenizing heat treatment for one hour or more at a temperature ranging from 1200 to 1300° C. Taking the effect and the economical efficiency into consideration, a preferable range of soaking time ranges from 2 to 20 hours.
As for the rolling condition, it consists of the rough rolling stage in which re-heating is performed at a temperature ranging from 1100 to 1300° C. and making the total compaction amount at a temperature of not lower than 1050° C. to be not less than 50%, and the successive finishing rolling stage in which the total compaction amount at a temperature ranging from 1050 to 850° C. is made to be not less than 10%. The rough rolling stage is a stage in which the solidification structure is mainly destroyed, to obtain a uniform recrystallized solidification, whereas the finishing rolling step is a step of introducing the processing strain by the rolling and for increasing the strength after the rolling processing. In addition, all of the rolling processing is performed at a temperature of not lower than 850° C., thereby preventing re-deposition of the intermetallic compound. And further, a controlled cooling is performed at an average cooling rate of not less than 150° C./min from 800 to 500° C. after the rolling processing, thereby inhibiting the re-deposition of the intermetallic compound and the recovery of the processing strain which was introduced in the finishing rolling step.
The reason for restricting the condition will be explained further in detail.
In order to make it possible to perform a rolling processing which makes the total compaction amount to be not less than 50% at a temperature of not lower than 1050° C., to reduce deformation resistance, and to make it easy to perform the rolling processing, it is necessary to heat the steel ingot to not lower than 1100° C. However, if it is heated over 1300° C., then the grain boundary will be fused to cause cracks during the hot-rolled processing, and hence the heating temperature is restricted to be within a range of 1100 to 1300° C.
In the rough rolling stage, in order to destroy the solidification structure and to obtain a uniform recrystallized structure, it is necessary to make the total compaction amount at a temperature of not lower than 1050° C. to be not less than 50%. If the rolling temperature is lower than 1050° C. or the total compaction amount is less than 50%, then it is not possible to obtain uniform recrystallized structure.
In the finishing rolling stage, in order to acquire the target proof stress of 550 MPa, it is necessary to perform a finishing rolling by which the total compaction amount at a temperature of 1050° C. to 850° C. in the component range which is restricted in the present invention should be not less than 10%. In addition, if a rolling processing is performed at a temperature over 1050° C., then recrystallization will occur, and as a result compressing strain cannot be accumulated, so that sufficient strength cannot be obtained, whereas if a rolling processing is performed at a temperature lower than 850° C., then deposition of the intermetallic compound will be promoted to deteriorate toughness remarkably. Therefore, it is necessary to perform the rolling processing during all of the rolling processing, while maintaining the temperature to be not lower than 850° C. Finally, high hardness can be maintained by omitting solution heat treatment.

EXAMPLE 1

Example 1 will be explained below. The chemical constitution of a test piece of steel is shown in Table 1. It should be noted that, the content of inevitable impurity elements other than the components indicated in Table 1 is the same level as in standard stainless steel. Moreover, as to the portions where no contents are shown for the components shown in Table 1, this means that the content is the same level as in an impurity level. Moreover, REM in Tables represents lanthanoid series rare earth elements, and the content indicates the total of these elements. These steel samples were melted in a 50 kg-vacuum induction furnace in a laboratory and cast into a flat steel ingot having a thickness of approximately 100 mm.

TABLE 1


STEEL No.		C	Si	Mn	P	S	Ni	Cr	Mo	Cu

A	EXAMPLE1	0.021	0.49	0.48	0.020	0.0005	17.91	25.15	2.31	0.12
B	EXAMPLE1	0.019	0.46	0.32	0.023	0.0003	18.23	24.65	2.46	0.21
C	EXAMPLE2	0.018	0.52	0.52	0.014	0.0005	17.98	25.02	2.46	0.05
D	EXAMPLE3	0.022	0.49	0.52	0.022	0.0006	18.43	24.88	2.46	0.45
E	EXAMPLE3	0.015	0.71	1.71	0.026	0.0002	19.25	26.35	1.92	0.22
F	EXAMPLE4	0.021	0.48	0.52	0.022	0.0009	18.25	25.36	2.53	0.30
G	EXAMPLE4	0.022	0.46	0.52	0.021	0.0008	20.21	24.96	2.46	0.31
H	EXAMPLE4	0.022	0.48	0.49	0.022	0.0003	19.23	24.64	3.33	0.28
I	EXAMPLE5	0.021	0.47	0.52	0.022	0.0007	18.33	24.66	2.48	0.32
J	EXAMPLE6	0.019	0.45	0.53	0.023	0.0008	18.23	24.65	2.46	0.32
K	EXAMPLE6	0.019	0.49	0.49	0.022	0.0004	20.42	27.31	1.68	0.31
L	EXAMPLE6	0.024	0.49	0.49	0.021	0.0003	19.53	24.61	2.11	1.82
M	EXAMPLE6	0.019	0.49	0.85	0.019	0.0013	18.89	25.29	2.52	0.32
N	EXAMPLE6	0.021	0.50	0.84	0.019	0.0005	16.77	25.21	2.10	0.85
a	COMPARATIVE	0.035	0.35	0.25	0.008	0.0009	17.91	24.68	2.35	0.21
	EXAMPLE
b	COMPARATIVE	0.006	1.75	2.11	0.027	0.0006	18.93	24.67	2.64	0.06
	EXAMPLE
c	COMPARATIVE	0.025	0.44	3.31	0.018	0.0010	17.59	27.19	1.65	0.58
	EXAMPLE
d	COMPARATIVE	0.018	0.51	0.51	0.055	0.0003	18.21	23.77	2.33	0.91
	EXAMPLE
e	COMPARATIVE	0.017	0.40	0.55	0.012	0.0033	17.64	24.21	2.58	1.22
	EXAMPLE
f	COMPARATIVE	0.022	0.36	0.61	0.026	0.0008	14.55	22.91	2.53	0.46
	EXAMPLE
g	COMPARATIVE	0.008	0.33	1.21	0.013	0.0006	20.12	27.55	1.22	0.25
	EXAMPLE
h	COMPARATIVE	0.028	0.53	0.43	0.022	0.0006	18.88	22.84	3.68	0.66
	EXAMPLE
i	COMPARATIVE	0.033	0.15	0.35	0.026	0.0004	20.55	25.35	2.33	0.24
	EXAMPLE
j	COMPARATIVE	0.022	0.47	0.53	0.025	0.0008	18.21	24.96	2.46	0.33
	EXAMPLE
k	COMPARATIVE	0.021	0.26	1.85	0.022	0.0009	15.61	21.89	2.12	0.31
	EXAMPLE
l	COMPARATIVE	0.021	0.48	0.51	0.024	0.0007	18.55	28.22	2.01	0.31
	EXAMPLE
m	COMPARATIVE	0.022	0.49	0.52	0.023	0.0008	21.40	24.95	2.47	0.33
	EXAMPLE
n	COMPARATIVE	0.024	0.45	0.52	0.024	0.0006	18.22	24.94	2.47	0.31
	EXAMPLE
o	COMPARATIVE	0.022	0.51	0.18	0.037	0.0028	19.56	25.61	2.64	0.35
	EXAMPLE
p	COMPARATIVE	0.019	0.53	0.46	0.021	0.0003	18.36	24.91	2.28	0.36
	EXAMPLE
q	COMPARATIVE	0.018	0.56	0.53	0.021	0.0006	16.95	22.21	3.39	1.66
	EXAMPLE
r	COMPARATIVE	0.026	1.22	0.66	0.016	0.0003	17.91	23.96	2.31	0.33
	EXAMPLE
s	COMPARATIVE	0.021	0.48	0.53	0.023	0.0008	18.23	24.89	2.46	0.32
	EXAMPLE
t	COMPARATIVE	0.022	0.47	0.54	0.024	0.0007	18.33	23.33	2.45	0.35
	EXAMPLE
u	COMPARATIVE	0.023	0.46	0.55	0.023	0.0008	18.25	24.98	2.48	0.32
	EXAMPLE
v	COMPARATIVE	0.013	0.48	1.21	0.013	0.0005	16.36	22.64	2.93	0.28
	EXAMPLE
w	COMPARATIVE	0.024	0.55	0.78	0.019	0.0005	17.21	23.51	2.33	0.33
	EXAMPLE

STEEL No.		Cu	Sn	Nb	Ti	V	Zr	Ta	W	Al

A	EXAMPLE1	0.12
B	EXAMPLE1	0.21							1.05
C	EXAMPLE2	0.05								0.018
D	EXAMPLE3	0.45								0.032
E	EXAMPLE3	0.22	0.08							0.051
F	EXAMPLE4	0.30								0.026
G	EXAMPLE4	0.31							0.71	0.028
H	EXAMPLE4	0.28								0.034
I	EXAMPLE5	0.32								0.022
J	EXAMPLE6	0.32			0.012					0.023
K	EXAMPLE6	0.31		0.121						0.011
L	EXAMPLE6	1.82				0.28			2.10	0.023
M	EXAMPLE6	0.32					0.021			0.020
N	EXAMPLE6	0.85						0.035		0.018
a	COMPARATIVE	0.21
	EXAMPLE
b	COMPARATIVE	0.06								0.009
	EXAMPLE
c	COMPARATIVE	0.58
	EXAMPLE
d	COMPARATIVE	0.91								0.012
	EXAMPLE
e	COMPARATIVE	1.22			0.006					0.061
	EXAMPLE
f	COMPARATIVE	0.46		0.111
	EXAMPLE
g	COMPARATIVE	0.25
	EXAMPLE
h	COMPARATIVE	0.66							1.35
	EXAMPLE
i	COMPARATIVE	0.24								0.035
	EXAMPLE
j	COMPARATIVE	0.33			0.014					0.002
	EXAMPLE
k	COMPARATIVE	0.31		0.075						0.020
	EXAMPLE
l	COMPARATIVE	0.31
	EXAMPLE
m	COMPARATIVE	0.33								0.026
	EXAMPLE
n	COMPARATIVE	0.31								0.140
	EXAMPLE
o	COMPARATIVE	0.35	0.05						0.65
	EXAMPLE
p	COMPARATIVE	0.36								0.033
	EXAMPLE
q	COMPARATIVE	1.66								0.024
	EXAMPLE
r	COMPARATIVE	0.33
	EXAMPLE
s	COMPARATIVE	0.32			0.046					0.026
	EXAMPLE
t	COMPARATIVE	0.35		0.284					1.11	0.026
	EXAMPLE
u	COMPARATIVE	0.32				0.88				0.024
	EXAMPLE
v	COMPARATIVE	0.28					0.037
	EXAMPLE
w	COMPARATIVE	0.33						0.12		0.064
	EXAMPLE

STEEL No.		B	Ca	Mg	REM	0	N	δ cal	PI	PV

A	EXAMPLE1					0.0055	0.235	0.9	36.5	30.0
B	EXAMPLE1					0.0063	0.266	−0.8	38.8	36.0
C	EXAMPLE2					0.0041	0.266	−0.5	37.4	16.0
D	EXAMPLE3					0.0025	0.240	−1.4	36.8	1.0
E	EXAMPLE3					0.0030	0.281	−2.9	37.2	2.0
F	EXAMPLE4		0.0022			0.0035	0.238	1.0	37.5	−3.6
G	EXAMPLE4			0.0033		0.0025	0.242	−4.8	38.1	−6.9
H	EXAMPLE4				0.009	0.0019	0.257	−2.4	39.7	−35.0
I	EXAMPLE5	0.0033				0.0026	0.235	−1.3	36.6	3.0
J	EXAMPLE6		0.0008	0.0033		0.0035	0.247	−1.6	36.7	−3.3
K	EXAMPLE6		0.0023			0.0036	0.245	−1.6	36.8	−8.4
L	EXAMPLE6		0.0020			0.0025	0.173	−0.6	37.8	−18.0
M	EXAMPLE6		0.0008		0.021	0.0040	0.235	−0.9	37.4	−46.4
N	EXAMPLE6		0.0042			0.0020	0.315	−1.5	37.2	−38.6
a	COMPARATIVE					0.0022	0.193	0.6	35.5	1.0
	EXAMPLE
b	COMPARATIVE		0.0006			0.0034	0.264	−2.5	37.6	5.2
	EXAMPLE
c	COMPARATIVE	0.0009				0.0022	0.252	1.9	36.7	2.0
	EXAMPLE
d	COMPARATIVE			0.0008		0.0028	0.265	−5.6	35.7	−1.4
	EXAMPLE
e	COMPARATIVE		0.0012			0.0009	0.237	−0.9	36.5	2.4
	EXAMPLE
f	COMPARATIVE	0.0028		0.0022		0.0026	0.279	1.0	35.7	−2.6
	EXAMPLE
g	COMPARATIVE					0.0026	0.295	−3.8	36.3	2.0
	EXAMPLE
h	COMPARATIVE					0.0034	0.155	0.9	39.7	10.0
	EXAMPLE
i	COMPARATIVE				0.035	0.0052	0.121	−0.8	35.0	−79.0
	EXAMPLE
j	COMPARATIVE		0.0036			0.0081	0.242	−0.6	37.0	30.2
	EXAMPLE
k	COMPARATIVE		0.0019	0.0008		0.0032	0.184	−1.9	31.8	−6.6
	EXAMPLE
l	COMPARATIVE		0.0022			0.0029	0.271	5.3	39.2	−11.6
	EXAMPLE
m	COMPARATIVE		0.0023			0.0030	0.240	−8.8	36.9	−10.4
	EXAMPLE
n	COMPARATIVE		0.0024			0.0032	0.235	−0.5	36.9	−11.2
	EXAMPLE
o	COMPARATIVE		0.0067			0.0032	0.222	0.5	38.9	−23.6
	EXAMPLE
p	COMPARATIVE			0.0071		0.0032	0.262	−2.4	36.6	−16.3
	EXAMPLE
q	COMPARATIVE		0.0030		0.111	0.0032	0.212	−1.5	36.8	−349.0
	EXAMPLE
r	COMPARATIVE	0.0071				0.0032	0.222	−2.0	35.1	5.0
	EXAMPLE
s	COMPARATIVE		0.0025			0.0032	0.241	−0.7	36.9	−10.0
	EXAMPLE
t	COMPARATIVE		0.0026		0.015	0.0033	0.173	−0.5	36.0	−55.8
	EXAMPLE
u	COMPARATIVE		0.0025			0.0031	0.239	−0.6	37.0	−11.0
	EXAMPLE
v	COMPARATIVE			0.0025		0.0030	0.263	−2.0	36.5	−2.5
	EXAMPLE
w	COMPARATIVE					0.0025	0.245	−3.1	35.1	0.0
	EXAMPLE

: VALUE WITHOUT THE RANGE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

A steel sheet having a thickness ranging from 12 to 22 mm was produced by performing cogging, homogenizing heat treatment, and product rolling, using the above sample steel. In the cogging, the sample steel was soaked at 1180° C. for two hours, and thereafter the sample steel was rolled to 65 mm thickness. Then the resultant semi-finished products were subjected to homogenizing heat treatment under the conditions shown in Tables 2 and 3. Some of the steel chips were not subjected to the homogenizing heat treatment. Each piece of steel was ground to 60 mm to obtain the material for use in product rolling, and thereafter the resultant material for use in product rolling was subjected to hot-rolling processing to obtain a hot-rolled steel material. It should be noted that the steel material immediately after being hot-rolled which was in a temperature state of not less than 800° C. was cooled to a temperature of not higher than 500° C. by performing spray cooling. Some of the steel sheets were subjected to a solution heat treatment under the condition of 1100° C.×20 min with cooling by water, after soaking.

TABLE 2


							REDUCTION
						REDUCTION	AT A
			INTERMETALLIC	HOMOGENIZING	RE-HEATING	AT 1050° C.	TEMPERATURE
	STEEL		COMPOUND	HEAT	TEMPERATURE	OR MORE	OF 1050 TO
No.	No.		CONTENT (%)	TREATMENT	(° C.)	(%)	850° C.(%)

1	A	EXAMPLE	0.35	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
2	B	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
3	C	EXAMPLE	0.10	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
4	D	EXAMPLE	0.20	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
5	E	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
6	F	EXAMPLE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
7	F	EXAMPLE	0.35	1220° C. × 2 h	1200	60	20
8	F	EXAMPLE	0.25	1200° C. × 20 h	1200	60	20
9	F	EXAMPLE	0.40	1250° C. × 4 h	1250	60	20
10	F	EXAMPLE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	75	15
11	F	EXAMPLE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	12
12	F	COMPARATIVE	0.95	UNDONE	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
13	F	COMPARATIVE	0.75	1150° C. × 5 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
14	F	COMPARATIVE	0.80	1200° C. × 15 m	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
15	F	COMPARATIVE	0.45	1250° C. × 4 h	1050	0	68
		EXAMPLE
16	F	COMPARATIVE	0.35	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	7
		EXAMPLE
17	F	COMPARATIVE	0.60	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
18	F	COMPARATIVE	0.85	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
19	F	COMPARATIVE	0.00	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
20	G	EXAMPLE	0.20	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	5
21	H	EXAMPLE	0.25	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
22	I	EXAMPLE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
23	J	EXAMPLE	0.20	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20

				COOLING
				RATE AT A
			ROLLING	TEMPERATURE					Vc′ 100
			FINISHING	OF 800	SOLUTION	EAR	PROOF		(mV vs
	STEEL		TEMPERATURE	TO 500° C.	HEAT	CRACK	STRESS	vE−40° C.	Saturated
No.	No.		(° C.)	(° C./min)	TREATMENT	(mm)	(MPa)	(J/cm²)	Ag/AgCl)

1	A	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	5	710	130	630
2	B	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	8	730	147	750
3	C	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	5	726	187	700
4	D	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	3	711	201	685
5	E	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	5	733	203	705
6	F	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	713	199	720
7	F	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	720	167	715
8	F	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	710	195	720
9	F	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	706	163	710
10	F	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	716	200	710
11	F	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	590	225	725
12	F	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	729	63	625
		EXAMPLE
13	F	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	724	74	645
		EXAMPLE
14	F	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	725	66	630
		EXAMPLE
15	F	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	735	70	685
		EXAMPLE
16	F	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	538	281	730
		EXAMPLE
17	F	COMPARATIVE	800	250	UNDONE	0	730	55	550
		EXAMPLE
18	F	COMPARATIVE	900	75	UNDONE	0	716	57	535
		EXAMPLE
19	F	COMPARATIVE	900	250	DONE	0	345	350	780
		EXAMPLE
20	G	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	725	202	740
21	H	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	724	217	775
22	I	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	712	193	645
23	J	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	729	164	680

: VALUE WITHOUT THE RANGE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

TABLE 3


							REDUCTION
						REDUCTION	AT A
			INTERMETALLIC	HOMOGENIZING	RE-HEATING	AT 1050° C.	TEMPERATURE
			COMPOUND	HEAT	TEMPERATURE	OR MORE	OF 1050 TO
No.	STEEL No.		CONTENT (%)	TREATMENT	(° C.)	(%)	850° C.(%)

24	K	EXAMPLE	0.15	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
25	K	EXAMPLE	0.20	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	35
26	K	EXAMPLE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
27	K	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
28	K	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
29	K	COMPARATIVE	1.00	UNDONE	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
30	K	COMPARATIVE	0.70	1150° C. × 5 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
31	K	COMPARATIVE	0.70	1200° C. × 15 m	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
32	K	COMPARATIVE	0.45	1250° C. × 4 h	1350	60	20
		EXAMPLE
33	K	COMPARATIVE	0.40	1250° C. × 4 h	1050	0	68
		EXAMPLE
34	K	COMPARATIVE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	7
		EXAMPLE
35	K	COMPARATIVE	0.75	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
36	K	COMPARATIVE	0.75	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
37	K	COMPARATIVE	0.00	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
38	L	EXAMPLE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
39	M	EXAMPLE	0.35	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
40	N	EXAMPLE	0.25	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20

				COOLING
				RATE AT A
			ROLLING	TEMPERATURE					Vc′ 100
			FINISHING	OF 800	SOLUTION	EAR	PROOF		(mV vs
	STEEL		TEMPERATURE	TO 500° C.	HEAT	CRACK	STRESS	vE−40° C.	Saturated
No.	No.		(° C.)	(° C./min)	TREATMENT	(mm)	(MPa)	(J/cm²)	Ag/AgCl)

24	K	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	740	183	700
25	K	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	745	182	695
26	K	EXAMPLE	860	250	UNDONE	0	751	167	695
27	K	EXAMPLE	970	250	UNDONE	0	723	197	700
28	K	EXAMPLE	900	500	UNDONE	0	741	193	715
29	K	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	743	53	645
		EXAMPLE
30	K	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	741	60	655
		EXAMPLE
31	K	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	740	63	655
		EXAMPLE
32	K	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	70	720	95	605
		EXAMPLE
33	K	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	755	66	705
		EXAMPLE
34	K	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	545	270	715
		EXAMPLE
35	K	COMPARATIVE	800	250	UNDONE	0	752	52	585
		EXAMPLE
36	K	COMPARATIVE	900	75	UNDONE	0	743	47	570
		EXAMPLE
37	K	COMPARATIVE	900	250	DONE	0	358	304	815
		EXAMPLE
38	L	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	652	197	735
39	M	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	700	191	720
40	N	EXAMPLE	900	250	UNDONE	0	758	183	645

: VALUE WITHOUT THE RANGE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

TABLE 4


							REDUCTION
						REDUCTION	AT A
			INTERMETALLIC	HOMOGENIZING	RE-HEATING	AT 1050° C.	TEMPERATURE
	STEEL		COMPOUND	HEAT	TEMPERATURE	OR MORE	OF 1050 TO
No.	No.		CONTENT (%)	TREATMENT	(° C.)	(%)	850° C.(%)

41	a	COMPARATIVE	0.40	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
42	b	COMPARATIVE	0.35	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
43	c	COMPARATIVE	0.45	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
44	d	COMPARATIVE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
45	e	COMPARATIVE	0.20	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
46	f	COMPARATIVE	0.50	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
47	g	COMPARATIVE	0.13	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
48	h	COMPARATIVE	0.95	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
49	i	COMPARATIVE	0.40	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
50	j	COMPARATIVE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
51	k	COMPARATIVE	0.15	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
52	l	COMPARATIVE	0.90	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
53	m	COMPARATIVE	0.00	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
54	n	COMPARATIVE	0.25	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
55	o	COMPARATIVE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
56	p	COMPARATIVE	0.10	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
57	q	COMPARATIVE	0.20	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
58	r	COMPARATIVE	0.15	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
59	s	COMPARATIVE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
60	t	COMPARATIVE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
61	u	COMPARATIVE	0.30	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
62	v	COMPARATIVE	0.15	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE
63	w	COMPARATIVE	0.10	1250° C. × 4 h	1200	60	20
		EXAMPLE

				COOLING
				RATE AT A
			ROLLING	TEMPERATURE					Vc′ 100
			FINISHING	OF 800	SOLUTION	EAR	PROOF		(mV vs
	STEEL		TEMPERATURE	TO 500° C.	HEAT	CRACK	STRESS	vE−40° C.	Saturated
No.	No.		(° C.)	(° C./min)	TREATMENT	(mm)	(MPa)	(J/cm²)	Ag/AgCl)

41	a	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	5	695	199	455
		EXAMPLE
42	b	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	10	726	65	730
		EXAMPLE
43	c	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	8	705	77	490
		EXAMPLE
44	d	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	50	728	75	550
		EXAMPLE
45	e	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	45	700	53	435
		EXAMPLE
46	f	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	752	71	520
		EXAMPLE
47	g	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	6	644	310	405
		EXAMPLE
48	h	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	9	644	30	765
		EXAMPLE
49	i	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	621	195	470
		EXAMPLE
50	j	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	12	718	35	510
		EXAMPLE
51	k	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	685	222	205
		EXAMPLE
52	l	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	33	740	20	750
		EXAMPLE
53	m	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	715	215	660
		EXAMPLE
54	n	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	713	30	655
		EXAMPLE
55	o	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	42	703	150	445
		EXAMPLE
56	p	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	38	731	156	430
		EXAMPLE
57	q	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	56	699	164	405
		EXAMPLE
58	r	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	60	705	142	565
		EXAMPLE
59	s	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	713	61	695
		EXAMPLE
60	t	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	666	52	585
		EXAMPLE
61	u	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	720	30	695
		EXAMPLE
62	v	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	735	70	650
		EXAMPLE
63	w	COMPARATIVE	900	250	UNDONE	0	696	21	550
		EXAMPLE

: VALUE WITHOUT THE RANGE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The steel plate produced under the above condition was cut into JIS. No.4 tension test pieces and JIS. No.4 V notch Charpy test pieces from a direction perpendicular to the direction of rolling processing. Using the resultant test pieces, 0.2% offset proof stress and impact strength at −40° C. were measured, and further the surface of the test piece was ground with a #600 grinder and then pitting electrical potential (Vc'100) was measured in a deaerated 10% NaCl aqueous solution held at 50° C. Moreover, test pieces for micro structure observation were cut out, and each of the resultant test pieces was planished and thereafter was subjected to 10% KOH electrolytic etching to reveal intermetallic compound therefrom so as to be observed by an optical microscope, thereby measuring the content. The content was measured by performing point counting in each of ten fields of view with 400× magnification at a depth of each of ¼, ½, and ¾ of thick, and then calculating all average values, and the resultant value was determined as the content of the intermetallic compound of the steel material. The obtained results are shown in Tables 2-4.
The hot-rolling processability was evaluated relatively by judging the generation of an ear crack during the product rolling. It was confirmed that the steel material corresponding to Example 5 or 6 (steel Nos. F to N) developed no ear cracks and exhibited excellent hot-rolling processability, with the exception of the case in which the reheating temperature was excessively high. On the other hand, it was confirmed that each of the steel materials corresponding to each Example other than Examples 5 and 6 developed ear cracks of approximately 5 to 10 mm per one side, so that the yield was decreased slightly. The lengths of ear cracks are shown in Tables 2 to 4.
As is clear from the results shown in Tables 1 and 2 to 4, as to the steel material which satisfies the steel composition which is within the scope of the present invention, the intermetallic compound content, production condition, all of the corrosion resistance, the proof stress, and Charpy impact value satisfy the specified conditions.
As can be seen from the above examples, it is clarified that the steel material of the present invention is an austenitic stainless steel material which excels in corrosion resistance, toughness, and strength.
The present invention realizes an austenitic stainless steel suitable for the hull structures of ships, having excellent performance required for structural members of high-speed ships, such as sea water resistance, proof stress, and low-temperature toughness at a high level, and hence the contributions of the present invention to industry are significant.
Next, the reason for limitation of the eighth aspect of the present invention will be explained.
The content of C is restricted to not more than 0.03%, in order to secure the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. If the content of C exceeds 0.03%, then Cr carbide will be generated and corrosion resistance and toughness will deteriorate.
The content of Si is not less than 0.1% for deoxidation. However, if the content of Si exceeds 1.5%, then toughness will deteriorate. Therefore, the upper limit thereof is restricted to 1.5%. The content of Si preferably ranges from 0.2 to 1.0%.
The content of Mn is not less than 0. 1% for deoxidation. However, if the content of Mn exceeds 3.0%, then corrosion resistance and toughness will deteriorate. Therefore, the upper limit thereof is restricted to 3.0%. The content of Mn preferably ranges from 0.2 to 1.5%.
The content of P is restricted to not more than 0.05% because P deteriorates hot-rolling processability and toughness. The content of P is preferably not more than 0.03%.
The content of S is restricted to not more than 0.003% because S deteriorates hot-rolling processability, toughness, and corrosion resistance. The content of S is preferably not more than 0.001%.
The content of Ni is not less than 15.0% because Ni stabilizes an austenitic phase, and improves resistance to various acids and toughness. On the other hand, Ni is an expensive metal, and hence the content of Ni is restricted to not more than 21.0% from the viewpoint of cost.
The content of Cr is not less than 22.0% for securing basic corrosion resistance. On the other hand, if the content of Cr exceeds 28.0%, then an intermetallic compound will likely be deposited to deteriorate toughness. For this reason, the content of Cr is restricted to not less than 22.0% and not more than 28.0%.
The content of Mo is not less than 1.5% in the present invention, because Mo is a very effective element which increases corrosion resistance of stainless steel additionally. On the other hand, Mo is a very expensive element and which accelerates the deposition of intermetallic compounds, as well as Cr, and hence the upper limit of the content of Mo is restricted to not more than 3.5%. The content of Mo preferably ranges from 2.0 to 3.0%.
N is an effective element which is intercrystallized into an austenitic phase to increase strength and corrosion resistance. For this reason, the content of N is not less than 0.15%. Although it is possible to make N be intercrystallized into the base material up to 0.4% in the steel material of the present invention, the upper limit of the content of N is determined as 0.35% in order to increase sensitivity to generation of bubbling during welding. The content of N is preferably not more than 0.30%.
Al is an important element for deoxidation of steel, and hence the content of Al is not less than 0.005% in order to reduce oxygen in steel. On the other hand, Al is an element having a comparatively high chemical affinity with N, and if the content of Al is excessive, then AlN is generated to deteriorate toughness of the stainless steel. Although the degree thereof depends on the content of N, if the content of Al exceeds 0.1%, then toughness will deteriorate significantly, and hence the upper limit of the content of Al is determined to be 0. 1%.
O is an important element which constitutes an oxide which is a representative nonmetallic inclusion, and excessive addition of O deteriorates toughness, on the other hand if a coarse cluster-like oxide generates, then it causes surface cracking. For this reason, the upper limit of the content of O is determined as 0.007%. The content of O is preferably not more than 0.004%.
The PI value expressed by the above formula (1): A pitting index is an index of corrosion resistance of stainless steel to a chloride environment, and it is necessary to set the PI value to be not less than 35 at least, in order to acquire the corrosion resistance corresponding to the purpose. As a stainless steel of which the PI value exceeds 40, SUS836L etc., is exemplary, however, such a stainless steel contains Ni in an amount of not less than 24% and hence is very expensive. In the present invention, since the aim is to provide austenitic stainless steel which has corrosion resistance corresponding to cost, the upper limit of PI value is determined to be 40. Note, the value of W in formula (1) is set to 0 in the present invention which does not contain W.
The δ cal expressed by the above formula (2) is an index indicating the quantity of the delta ferrite which appears in the solidified configuration of austenitic stainless steel, and the δ cal is in general controlled to be approximately 0 to 7% in order to reduce solidification crack sensitivity or to make the configuration fine. However, as in the stainless steel of the present invention having a high content of Cr, delta ferrite in the solidified configuration changes into an intermetallic compound during the hot-rolling production process and it remains in the steel material as a by-product, thereby deteriorating toughness. For this reason, the upper limit of the δ cal is restricted to +4 so that delta ferrite will decrease. If the δ cal exceeds this value, then it becomes impossible to acquire high toughness even if elaborating a plan in the hot-rolling production process. On the other hand, if the δ cal is shifted to a smaller (minus) side, then it means that the delta ferrite content becomes substantially 0%, and as a result the above effect will be saturated, in addition, the content of Ni becomes excessive, and hence the lower limit of the δ cal is determined to be −6 from the viewpoint of cost. The δ cal value preferably ranges from −3 to +3. Note, the value of W or the value of Cu in formula (2) is set to 0 in the present invention which does not contain W or Cu.
The content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is an important factor which determines the toughness of the austenitic stainless steel material in the present invention. An intermetallic compound is a compound which contains Cr, Mo, or W as a main ingredient and is called σ phase and ψ phase. The content of this compound can be measured by subjecting a micro configuration to an alkaline electrolytic etching and then observing the resultant micro configuration through an optical microscope of approximately 400× power. The inventors of the present invention have found that if this content as an average value of a stainless steel cross sectional observation exceeds 0.5%, then the Charpy absorbed energy of the steel material becomes less than 100 J/cm², and as a result, they determined the upper limit of the content to be 0.5%.
The reason for restriction of the ninth aspect of the present invention will be explained.
Cu is an element which increases the corrosion resistance of stainless steel additionally against an acid, and the content of Cu may be not less than 0.1% for this purpose. Even if the content Cu exceeds 2.0%, the effect corresponding to cost will be saturated, and hence the upper limit of the content of Cu is set to be 2.0%.
Ti is an element which forms an oxide, a nitride, and sulfide with a very small amount thereof, thereby refining the crystal grain of the steel, and hence Ti is an element which may be positively utilized in the steel of the present invention. In order to reduce the intermetallic compound content in the steel material, it is effective to restrict the upper limit of the δ cal value and to perform homogenizing heat treatment of the semi-finished products. Among these, in the latter method, although a heat treatment is performed for several hours at a high temperature of approximately 1250° C., if Ti of a proper amount is contained, then the growth of the crystal grain at such a high temperature can be suppressed. For this purpose, Ti in an amount of not less than 0.003% needs to be contained. On the other hand, Ti is an element which has a very high nitride producing ability, and if the content of Ti exceeds 0.03% in the steel of the present invention which contains N, then coarse TiN will deteriorate the toughness of the steel. For this reason, the content of Ti is determined to be within the range of 0.003 to 0.03%. The content of Ti preferably ranges from 0.005 to 0.02%.
Nb forms carbide to fix C, so that generation of Cr carbide is suppressed, thereby increasing corrosion resistance and toughness. Moreover, Nb forms nitride to suppress growth of crystal grain, thereby converting the steel material into fine particles to increase strength. In order to improve corrosion resistance and to increase strength, not less than 0.02% of Nb can be added. However, if more than 0.2% of Nb is added, then a large amount of carbo-nitride of Nb will be deposited during the hot-rolling processing to deteriorate hot-rolling recrystallization, thereby maintaining a coarse configuration in the steel material as a product, and hence the upper limit of the content of Nb is determined to be 2%. The content of Nb preferably ranges from 0.05 to 0.15%.
V is an element which generates a carbo-nitride as well as Nb, and can be added in order to secure corrosion resistance and toughness. Although not less than 0.05% of V should be contained for this purpose, if more than 0.5% of V is contained, then coarse V series carbo-nitride will be generated, so that toughness will deteriorate conversely. Therefore, the upper limit of the content of V is restricted to 0.5%. Preferably, the content of V ranges from 0.1 to 0.3%.
W is an element which raises the corrosion resistance of stainless steel additionally as well as Mo, and 0.3 to 3.0% of W can be contained in the stainless steel of the present invention for this purpose.
Furthermore, each of B, Ca, Mg, and REM(s) is an element which improves the hot-rolling processability, and one or more of these is added for this purpose. If any of these is added in excess, then it deteriorates the hot-rolling processability, and hence the upper limit and the lower limit of content thereof are determined as follows. The content of B ranges from 0.0003 to 0.0060%, each of the content of Ca and Mg ranges from 0.0005 to 0.0050%, and the content of REM ranges from 0.005 to 0.10%. Here, REM is defined to be the total of the content of lanthanide series rare-earth elements such as La, Ce, etc.
The reason for restriction of the tenth aspect of the present invention will be explained.
In order to raise the toughness of steel materials in the present invention, the amount of intermetallic compound which is contained in the steel material is restricted to be not more than 0.5%. To achieve this, a chemical composition formula known as δ cal, which forecasts delta ferrite amount contained in a solidification structure configuration, and homogenizing heat treatment which is performed on a semi-finished product specified in this claim are exemplary. When there is no solidifying segregation in the target steel material of the present invention, the temperature at which an intermetallic compound is generated is approximately not higher than 1000° C. However, reduction of the content of an intermetallic compound in the semi-finished product accompanied by component segregation by solidification necessitates a production step for diffusing segregation so as to be homogenized. Although each of the temperature and the time for performing homogenizing heat treatment changes slightly, depending on chemical composition such as solidifying rate, cross-sectional area of a cast steel, degree of hot-rolling processing upon being shaped into a semi-finished product, δ cal, etc., each of the temperature and the time for performing homogenizing heat treatment is limited by diffusion of Cr, Mo, Ni, etc., and hence it necessitates a temperature of not lower than 1200° C. On the other hand, if the temperature exceeds 1300° C., then oxidized scales will be generated extraordinarily.
Moreover, although it is preferred that the time be as long as possible, at least 1 hour is needed. Moreover, this purpose can also be attained by performing soaking at 1200° C. for not less than 1 hour in heating of the semi-finished product for rolling the product. Because of the above reason, homogenizing heat treatment of not less than 1 hour at 1200-1300° C. is specified. In view of effect and economical efficiency, the soaking time preferably ranges from 2 to 20 hours.

EXAMPLE 2

Example 2 will be explained below. The chemical composition of a sample steel is shown in Table 5. Note, the content of inevitable impurity elements other than the components indicated in Table 5 is the same grade as in standard stainless steel. Moreover, the portion which shows no content of the components shown in Table 5 indicates the same grade as in impurities. In addition, REM in Table 5 means lanthanide series rare-earth elements, and the content thereof indicates the total content of each of those elements.

Each of these steels was melted in a 50 kg vacuum induction furnace of a laboratory, and each of them was cast into a flat steel ingot having a thickness of approximately 100 mm.

	TABLE 5


	CONTENT (mass %)

STEEL No.	KIND	C	Si	Mn	P	S	Ni	Cr	Mo	Cu	Nb	Ti

0	EXAMPLE7	0.019	0.51	0.45	0.023	0.0005	18.03	25.01	2.48
1	EXAMPLE8	0.021	0.49	0.48	0.020	0.0007	17.91	25.24	2.50	0.15
2	EXAMPLE8	0.018	0.52	0.52	0.014	0.0012	17.98	25.02	2.46			0.008
3	EXAMPLE9	0.022	0.49	0.52	0.022	0.0008	18.43	24.88	2.46	0.29	0.096
4	EXAMPLE9	0.021	0.48	0.52	0.022	0.0007	17.38	25.36	2.53	0.30	0.034	0.006
5	EXAMPLE9	0.022	0.46	0.52	0.021	0.0008	20.21	24.96	2.46	0.31	0.103	0.015
6	EXAMPLE9	0.022	0.48	0.49	0.022	0.0003	19.23	24.32	3.33	0.28
7	EXAMPLE9	0.021	0.47	0.52	0.022	0.0007	18.33	24.66	2.48	0.32		0.005
8	EXAMPLE9	0.019	0.45	0.53	0.023	0.0008	18.23	24.65	2.46	0.32		0.003
9	EXAMPLE9	0.021	0.48	0.51	0.023	0.0008	18.52	24.03	2.46	0.32		0.006
10	EXAMPLE9	0.019	0.49	0.49	0.022	0.0004	20.42	27.31	1.68	0.31	0.042	0.006
11	EXAMPLE9	0.024	0.49	0.49	0.021	0.0003	19.53	25.61	2.11	1.82		0.012
12	EXAMPLE9	0.019	0.49	0.85	0.019	0.0013	18.89	25.29	2.52	0.32	0.076	0.004
13	EXAMPLE9	0.021	0.50	0.84	0.019	0.0005	16.77	24.66	2.10	0.85		0.006
14	EXAMPLE9	0.021	0.26	1.85	0.022	0.0009	19.53	24.33	3.*45	0.31	0.152	0.022
15	EXAMPLE9	0.018	0.56	0.53	0.021	0.0006	16.95	22.21	3.39	1.66		0.007
21	COMPARATIVE	0.021	0.48	0.53	0.023	0.0008	18.23	24.89	2.46	0.32		0.046
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
22	COMPARATIVE	0.022	0.47	0.54	0.024	0.0007	18.33	25.00	2.45	0.35	0.284
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
23	COMPARATIVE	0.023	0.46	0.55	0.023	0.0008	18.25	24.98	2.48	0.32
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
24	COMPARATIVE	0.024	0.45	0.52	0.024	0.0006	18.22	24.94	2.47	0.31
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
25	COMPARATIVE	0.022	0.47	0.53	0.025	0.0008	18.21	24.96	2.46	0.33
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
26	COMPARATIVE	0.021	0.48	0.51	0.024	0.0007	17.01	25.11	2.88	0.31
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
27	COMPARATIVE	0.022	0.49	0.52	0.023	0.0008	21.40	24.95	2.47	0.33
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE

CONTENT (mass %)

STEEL No.	KIND	V	W	Al	B	Ca	Mg	REM	O	N	δ cal	PI

0	EXAMPLE7			0.023					0.0027	0.275	−1.1	37.6
1	EXAMPLE8			0.020					0.0046	0.235	1.7	37.3
2	EXAMPLE8			0.018					0.0041	0.266	−0.5	37.4
3	EXAMPLE9	0.06		0.032		0.0023			0.0018	0.240	−1.3	36.8
4	EXAMPLE9			0.026		0.0022			0.0023	0.238	3.2	37.5
5	EXAMPLE9			0.028		0.0025			0.0025	0.242	−5.8	37.0
6	EXAMPLE9	0.15		0.034	0.0035				0.0019	0.257	−3.3	39.4
7	EXAMPLE9		0.35	0.022		0.0025			0.0026	0.235	−0.8	37.2
8	EXAMPLE9		1.05	0.023		0.0008	0.0033		0.0035	0.247	−0.1	38.5
9	EXAMPLE9		2.10	0.024		0.0024			0.0029	0.241	−0.9	39.5
10	EXAMPLE9			0.011	0.0023	0.0023			0.0036	0.245	−1.6	36.8
11	EXAMPLE9	0.28		0.023		0.0020			0.0025	0.173	−0.7	35.3
12	EXAMPLE9			0.020		0.0008		0.050	0.0040	0.235	−0.9	37.4
13	EXAMPLE9	0.07		0.018		0.0042			0.0020	0.315	−3.1	36.6
14	EXAMPLE9			0.020		0.0019	0.0008		0.0032	0.184	−1.1	38.7
15	EXAMPLE9	0.12		0.024		0.0030			0.0032	0.188	−0.2	36.4
21	COMPARATIVE			0.026		0.0025			0.0032	0.241	−0.7	36.9
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
22	COMPARATIVE			0.026		0.0026			0.0033	0.242	−0.9	37.0
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
23	COMPARATIVE	0.88		0.024		0.0025			0.0031	0.239	−0.6	37.0
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
24	COMPARATIVE			0.140		0.0024			0.0032	0.240	−0.8	36.9
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
25	COMPARATIVE			0.002		0.0036			0.0081	0.242	−0.6	37.0
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
26	COMPARATIVE			0.023		0.0022			0.0029	0.237	4.5	38.4
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE
27	COMPARATIVE			0.026		0.0023			0.0030	0.240	−8.8	36.9
	STEEL
	EXAMPLE

: VALUE WITHOUT THE RANGE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The sample steel was subjected to cogging, homogenizing heat treatment, and product rolling. In the cogging, the sample steel was soaked at 1180° C. for two hours, and thereafter the sample steel was rolled to 65 mm thickness. Then the resultant steel chips were subjected to homogenizing heat treatment at a temperature ranging from 1220 to 1280° C. Some of the steel chips were not subjected to the homogenizing heat treatment. Each piece of steel was ground to 60 mm to obtain the material for use in product rolling. In the product rolling, the sample was soaked at 1220° C. for 1 to 2 hours, and thereafter was rolled under the condition of a finishing temperature of 850 to 950° C. to obtain a steel sheet having a thickness of 12 mm. It should be noted that the steel material immediately after being hot-rolled which was in a temperature state of not less than 800° C. was cooled to a temperature of not higher than 300° C. by performing spray cooling. The final solution heat treatment was performed under a condition of cooling with water after performing soaking at 1100° C. for 20 min. Moreover, some steel sheets were not subjected to the solution heat treatment.

The steel plate produced under the above condition was cut into JIS. No.4 tension test pieces and JIS. No.4 V notch Charpy test pieces from a direction perpendicular to the direction of rolling processing. Using the resultant test pieces, 0.2% offset proof stress and impact strength at −40° C. were measured. Moreover, test pieces for micro configuration observation were cut out, and each of the resultant test pieces was planished and thereafter was subjected to 10% KOH electrolytic etching to reveal the intermetallic compound therefrom so as to be observed by an optical microscope, thereby measuring the content. The content was measured by performing point counting in each of ten fields of view with 400× magnification at a depth of each of ¼, ½, and ¾ of thickness, and then calculating all the average values, and the resultant value was determined as the content of the intermetallic compound of the steel material. The obtained results are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6


				ROLLING
		INTERMETALLIC	HOMOGENIZING	FINISHING	SOLUTION				EAR
STEEL		COMPOUND	HEAT	TEMPERATURE	HEAT	YS	TS	vE−40° C.	CRACK
NO.	KIND	CONTENT (%)	TREATMENT	(° C.)	TREATMENT	(MPa)	(MPa)	(J/cm²)	(mm)

0	EXAMPLE	0.02	1250° C. × 4 h	950	DONE	392	782	540	6
0	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	396	793	491	9
0	EXAMPLE	0.17	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	747	965	195	6
0	COMPARATIVE	0.75	UNDONE	850	UNDONE	892	1054	68	12
	EXAMPLE
1	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	950	DONE	340	751	503	5
1	EXAMPLE	0.10	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	344	762	452	8
1	EXAMPLE	0.20	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	722	943	183	5
1	COMPARATIVE	1.2	UNDONE	850	UNDONE	841	1020	35	10
	EXAMPLE
2	EXAMPLE	0.03	1250° C. × 4 h	950	DONE	352	766	542	5
2	EXAMPLE	0.06	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	357	771	482	7
2	EXAMPLE	0.18	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	736	954	163	5
2	COMPARATIVE	0.8	UNDONE	850	UNDONE	882	1065	62	10
	EXAMPLE
3	EXAMPLE	0.02	1250° C. × 4 h	950	DONE	388	779	558	0
3	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	394	782	509	0
3	EXAMPLE	0.15	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	732	947	214	0
3	COMPARATIVE	0.7	UNDONE	850	UNDONE	865	1033	70	0
	EXAMPLE
3	COMPARATIVE	0.55	UNDONE	900	UNDONE	812	982	93	0
	EXAMPLE
3	EXAMPLE	0.42	UNDONE	950	UNDONE	742	949	116	0
4	EXAMPLE	0.45	1220° C. × 1 h	950	UNDONE	356	768	105	0
4	EXAMPLE	0.36	1250° C. × 2 h	950	UNDONE	356	766	114	0
4	EXAMPLE	0.23	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	358	765	135	0
4	EXAMPLE	0.15	1250° C. × 20 h	950	UNDONE	352	764	167	0
4	EXAMPLE	0.22	1280° C. × 2 h	950	UNDONE	347	762	133	0
5	EXAMPLE	0.02	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	393	785	564	0
5	EXAMPLE	0.08	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	745	960	265	0
6	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	352	753	508	0
6	EXAMPLE	0.12	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	748	962	213	0
7	EXAMPLE	0.04	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	348	753	526	0
7	EXAMPLE	0.16	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	738	958	216	0
8	EXAMPLE	0.06	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	362	772	492	0
8	EXAMPLE	0.19	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	771	982	165	0
9	EXAMPLE	0.08	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	388	795	421	0
9	EXAMPLE	0.32	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	788	994	132	0
10	EXAMPLE	0.03	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	352	765	502	0
10	EXAMPLE	0.10	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	740	936	165	0
11	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	324	711	513	0
11	EXAMPLE	0.17	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	735	925	164	0
12	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	362	776	501	0
12	EXAMPLE	0.18	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	762	975	168	0
13	EXAMPLE	0.05	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	375	783	523	0
13	EXAMPLE	0.17	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	775	983	185	0
14	EXAMPLE	0.11	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	342	741	481	0
14	EXAMPLE	0.32	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	726	932	135	0
15	EXAMPLE	0.09	1250° C. × 4 h	850	DONE	348	738	475	0
15	EXAMPLE	0.28	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	749	974	140	0
21	COMPARATIVE	0.25	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	721	926	85	0
	EXAMPLE
22	COMPARATIVE	0.26	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	765	904	76	0
	EXAMPLE
23	COMPARATIVE	0.24	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	754	967	83	0
	EXAMPLE
24	COMPARATIVE	0.28	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	735	954	92	0
	EXAMPLE
25	COMPARATIVE	0.26	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	713	941	78	0
	EXAMPLE
26	COMPARATIVE	0.94	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	735	943	45	0
	EXAMPLE
27	COMPARATIVE	0.06	1250° C. × 4 h	950	UNDONE	742	926	198	0
	EXAMPLE

: VALUE WITHOUT THE RANGE OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The hot-rolling processability was evaluated relatively by judging the generation of an ear crack during the product rolling. It was confirmed that the steel material corresponding to Example 9 (steel Nos. 3 to 15) developed no ear cracks and exhibited excellent hot-rolling processability, On the other hand, it was confirmed that each of the steel materials corresponding to each Example other than Examples 1 and 2 developed ear cracks of approximately 5 to 12 mm per one side, so that the yield was decreased slightly. The lengths of ear cracks are shown in Table 6. That is, although there is a slight problem in the hot-rolling processability of steel Nos. 0 to 2, in the thick steel which was produced to have the content of an intermetallic compound of not more than 0.5%, each Charpy impact value at −40° C. exceeds 100 J/cm². As to the steel Nos. 3 to 15, which are those in which Al, B, Ca, Mg, REM are contained in order to improve hot-rolling processability, no ear cracks occurred. Moreover, in Examples of the present invention produced so as to have the content of an intermetallic compound of not more than 0.5%, each Charpy impact value at −40° C. exceeds 100 J/cm².
Next, in each of the comparative examples of steel Nos. 21 to 27, the content of Ti is less than 0.03%, the content of Nb is more than 0.2%, the content of V is more than 0.5%, the content of Al is more than 0. 1%, the content of O is more than 0.007%, the content of δFe is more than 3%, and the content of Ni is more than 21% (δFe<−6%), i.e. each is out of the scope of the present invention, and the comparative examples other than No. 27 have poor impact property. Although the comparative example of steel No.27 excels in impact property, it has a high content of Ni and hence deviates from the purpose of the present invention.
As is clear from the results shown in Tables 5 and 6, each of the steel materials which satisfy the steel composition and intermetallic compound content within the scope of the present invention has a PI value, which is an index of corrosion resistance, of not less than 35, and exhibits high strength and a Charpy impact value of not less than 100 J/cm².
As can be seen from the above examples, it is clarified that the steel material of the present invention is an austenitic stainless steel material which excels in corrosion resistance, toughness, and hot-rolling processability.
As mentioned above, although preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained, the present invention is not limited thereto. Additions, abbreviations, substitutions, and other changes are possible, as long as do not deviate from the spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is not limited by the above explanation and is limited by only the scope of attached claims.
The present invention realizes an austenitic stainless steel suitable for the hull structures of ships, having excellent performance required for structural members of high-speed ships, such as sea water resistance, proof stress, and low-temperature toughness at a high level, and hence the contributions of the present invention to industry are significant.

Claims

1-10. (canceled)

11. An austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance, a proof stress, and a low-temperature toughness, comprising,

C: about 0.001 to 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: about 0.005 to 0.05 mass %,

S: about 0.0001 to 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %;

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %, and

O: about 0.0005 to 0.007 mass %,

wherein:

a Pi value expressed by the following formula ranges from about 35 to 40:

PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N, and

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +2:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18

a remnant of the steel material comprising Fe and inevitable impurities,

a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %,

about 0.2% proof stress at a room temperature is at least about 550MPa,

a Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at about −40° C. is at least about 100 J/cm², and

a pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of about 10% NaCl at about 50° C. (Vc′100) is at least about 500 mV as compared to a saturated solution of Ag/AgCl.

12. The steel material according to claim 11, further comprising at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %, or

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %.

13. The steel material according to claim 11, further comprising at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %,

Cu: about 0.3 to 2.0 mass %, or

Sn: at most about 0.1 mass %.

14. The steel material according to claim 11, further comprising at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %,

Cu: about 0.3 to 2.0 mass %,

Sn: about at most about 0.1 mass %,

Ca: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

Mg: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %, or

REM: about 0.005 to 0.10 mass %.

15. The steel material according to claim 11, further comprising at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %,

Cu: about 0.3 to 2.0 mass %,

Sn: about at most about 0.1 mass %,

Ca: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

Mg: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

REM: about 0.005 to 0.10 mass %, or

B: about 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass %.

16. The steel material according to claim 11, further comprising at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %,

Cu: about 0.3 to 2.0 mass %,

Sn: at most about 0.1 mass %,

Ca: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

Mg: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

REM: about 0.005 to 0.10 mass %,

B: about 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass %,

Ti: about 0.003 to 0.03 mass %,

Nb: about 0.02 to 0.20 mass %,

Zr: about 0.003 to 0.03 mass %,

V: about 0.05 to 0.5 mass %, or

Ta: about 0.01 to 0.1 mass %.

17. A process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance, a proof stress, and a low-temperature toughness, wherein a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, about 0.2% proof stress at a room temperature is at least about 550 MPa, a Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at about −40° C. is at least about 100 J/cm², and a pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of about 10% NaCl at about 50° C. (Vc′100) is at least about 500 mV as compared to a saturated solution of Ag/AgCl, the process comprising:

performing, at a temperature of about 1200 to 1300° C. for at least about one hour, a homogenizing-heat treatment on a particular material which is at least one of a cast steel or a semi-finished product of the steel material which comprises:

C: about 0.001 to 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: about 0.005 to 0.05 mass %,

S: about 0.0001 to 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %;

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %, and

O: about 0.0005 to 0.007 mass %,

wherein a PI value expressed by the following formula ranges from about 35 to 40: PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N, and

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +2:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18

a remnant of the steel material comprising Fe and inevitable impurities,

reheating the particular treated material at a temperature of about 1100 to 1300° C.;

while rolling the particular reheated material, maintaining a temperature of at least about 850° C., and by a first draft of at least about 50% at a temperature of at least about 1050° C. and a second draft of at least about 10% at a temperature of about 1050 to 850° C.; and

cooling the rolled particular material at an average cooling rate of about 800 to 500° C. after the rolling procedure is performed for at least about 150° C./min, without a solution treatment.

18. An austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance and a low-temperature toughness, comprising,

C: at most about 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: at most about 0.05 mass %,

S: at most about 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %,

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %, and

O: at most about 0.007 mass %,

wherein

a PI value expressed by the following formula ranges from about 35 to 40:

PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N, and

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +4:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18

a remnant of the steel material comprising of Fe and substantially inevitable impurities, and a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, and

a value by each element represents the content of the element expressed in terms of mass %.

19. The steel material according to claim 18, further comprising at least one of:

Cu: about 0.1 to 2.0 mass %,

Ti: about 0.003 to 0.03 mass %,

Nb: about 0.02 to 0.20 mass %,

V: about 0.05 to 0.5 mass %,

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

B: about 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass %,

Ca: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

Mg: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %, or

REM: about 0.005 to 0.10.

20. A process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance and a low-temperature toughness, wherein a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, the process comprising:

C: at most about 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: at most about 0.05 mass %,

S: at most about 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %,

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %, and

O: at most about 0.007 mass %,

wherein

a PI value expressed by the following formula ranges from about 35 to 40:

PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N, and

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +4:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18

a remnant of the steel material comprising of Fe and substantially inevitable impurities,

a value by each element represents the content of the element expressed in terms of mass %, and

the heat treatment is performed so as to reduce the content of the intermetallic compound in the steel material.

21. A process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance, a proof stress, and a low-temperature toughness, wherein a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, about 0.2% proof stress at a room temperature is at least about 550 MPa, a Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at about −40° C. is at least about 100 J/cm², and a pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of about 10% NaCl at about 50° C. (Vc′100) is at least about 500 mV as compared to a saturated solution of Ag/AgCl, the process comprising:

C: about 0.001 to 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: about 0.005 to 0.05 mass %,

S: about 0.0001 to 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %;

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %,

O: about 0.0005 to 0.007 mass %, and

at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %, or

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %.

wherein a PI value expressed by the following formula ranges from about 35 to 40: PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N,

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +2:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18, and

a remnant of the steel material comprising Fe and inevitable impurities;

while rolling the particular reheated material at a temperature of at least about 850° C., and by a first draft of at least about 1050% at a temperature of at least about 1 050° C. and a second draft of at least about 10% at a temperature of about 1050 to 850° C.; and

22. A process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance, a proof stress, and a low-temperature toughness, wherein a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, about 0.2% proof stress at a room temperature is at least about 550 MPa, a Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at about −40° C. is at least about 100 J/cm², and a pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of about 10% NaCl at about 50° C. (Vc′100) is at least about 500 mV as compared to a saturated solution of Ag/AgCl, the process comprising:

C: about 0.001 to 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: about 0.005 to 0.05 mass %,

S: about 0.0001 to 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %;

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %,

O: about 0.0005 to 0.007 mass %, and

at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %,

Cu: about 0.3 to 2.0 mass %, or

Sn: at most about 0.1 mass %,

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +2:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18, and

a remnant of the steel material comprising Fe and inevitable impurities,

while rolling the particular reheated material maintaining a temperature of at least about 850° C., and by a first draft of at least about 50% at a temperature of at least about 1050° C. and a second draft of at least about 10% at a temperature of about 1050 to 850° C.; and

23. A process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance, a proof stress, and a low-temperature toughness, wherein a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, about 0.2% proof stress at a room temperature is at least about 550 MPa, a Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at about −40° C. is at least about 100 J/cm², and a pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of about 10% NaCl at about 50° C. (Vc′100) is at least about 500 mV as compared to a saturated solution of Ag/AgCl, the process comprising:

C: about 0.001 to 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: about 0.005 to 0.05 mass %,

S: about 0.0001 to 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %;

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %,

O: about 0.0005 to 0.007 mass %, and at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %,

Cu: about 0.3 to 2.0 mass %,

Sn: about at most about 0.1 mass %,

Ca: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

Mg: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %, or

REM: about 0.005 to 0.10 mass %,

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +2:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6 (Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18, and

a remnant of the steel material comprising Fe and inevitable impurities, reheating the particular treated material at a temperature of about 1100 to 1300° C.;

24. A process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance, a proof stress, and a low-temperature toughness, wherein a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, about 0.2% proof stress at a room temperature is at least about 550 MPa, a Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at about −40° C. is at least about 100 J/cm², and a pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of about 10% NaCl at about 50° C. (Vc′100) is at least about 500 mV as compared to a saturated solution of Ag/AgCl, the process comprising:

C: about 0.001 to 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: about 0.005 to 0.05 mass %,

S: about 0.0001 to 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %;

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %, p2 O: about 0.0005 to 0.007 mass %, and at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %,

Cu: about 0.3 to 2.0 mass %,

Sn: at most about 0.1 mass %,

Ca: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

Mg: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

REM: about 0.005 to 0.10 mass %, or

B: about 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass %,

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +2:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18, and

a remnant of the steel material comprising Fe and inevitable impurities,

25. A process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance, a proof stress, and a low-temperature toughness, wherein a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, about 0.2% proof stress at a room temperature is at least about 550 MPa, a Charpy impact value measured using a V-notch test piece at about −40° C. is at least about 100 J/cm², and a pitting potential measured in a deaerated aqueous solution of about 10% NaCl at about 50° C. (Vc′100) is at least about 500 mV as compared to a saturated solution of Ag/AgCl, the process comprising:

C: about 0.001 to 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: about 0.005 to 0.05 mass %,

S: about 0.0001 to 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %;

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %,

O: about 0.0005 to 0.007 mass %, and

at least one of:

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %,

Cu: about 0.3 to 2.0 mass %,

Sn: at most about 0.1 mass %,

Ca: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

Mg: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

REM: about 0.005 to 0.10 mass %,

B: about 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass %,

Ti: about 0.003 to 0.03 mass %,

Nb: about 0.02 to 0.20 mass %,

Zr: about 0.003 to 0.03 mass %,

V: about 0.05 to 0.5 mass %, or

Ta: about 0.01 to 0.1 mass %,

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about −6 to +2:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni+0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18, and

a remnant of the steel material comprising Fe and inevitable impurities,

26. A process for producing an austenitic stainless hot-rolled steel material having a superior corrosion resistance and a low-temperature toughness, wherein a content of intermetallic compounds contained in the steel material is at most about 0.5 mass %, the process comprising:

C: at most about 0.03 mass %,

Si: about 0.1 to 1.5 mass %,

Mn: about 0.1 to 3.0 mass %,

P: at most about 0.05 mass %,

S: at most about 0.003 mass %,

Ni: about 15.0 to 21.0 mass %,

Cr: about 22.0 to 28.0 mass %,

Mo: about 1.5 to 3.5 mass %,

N: about 0.15 to 0.35 mass %,

Al: about 0.005 to 0.1 mass %, and

O: at most about 0.007 mass %, and

at least one of:

Cu: about 0.1 to 2.0 mass %,

Ti: about 0.003 to 0.03 mass %,

Nb: about 0.02 to 0.20 mass %,

V: about 0.05 to 0.5 mass %,

W: about 0.3 to 3.0 mass %,

B: about 0.0003 to 0.0060 mass %,

Ca: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %,

Mg: about 0.0005 to 0.0050 mass %, or

REM: about 0.005 to 0.10,

wherein

a PI value expressed by the following formula ranges from about 35 to 40:

PI=Cr+3.3(Mo+0.5W)+16N, and

a δ cal value expressed by the following formula ranges from about 6 to +4:

δcal=2.9(Cr+0.3Si+Mo+0.5W)−2.6(Ni +0.3Mn+0.25Cu+35C+20N)−18