US20060218967A1 - Integrated process and apparatus for the separation of air - Google Patents

Integrated process and apparatus for the separation of air Download PDF

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Publication number
US20060218967A1
US20060218967A1 US11/123,407 US12340705A US2006218967A1 US 20060218967 A1 US20060218967 A1 US 20060218967A1 US 12340705 A US12340705 A US 12340705A US 2006218967 A1 US2006218967 A1 US 2006218967A1
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Prior art keywords
natural gas
air separation
separation unit
conduit
unit
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US11/123,407
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Patrick Le Bot
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority to US11/123,407 priority Critical patent/US20060218967A1/en
Assigned to L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME A DIRECTOIRE ET CONSEIL DE SURVEILLANCE POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE reassignment L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME A DIRECTOIRE ET CONSEIL DE SURVEILLANCE POUR L'ETUDE ET L'EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LE BOT, PATRICK
Publication of US20060218967A1 publication Critical patent/US20060218967A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
    • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J3/04121—Steam turbine as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04527—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general
    • F25J3/04539—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J3/04612—Heat exchange integration with process streams, e.g. from the air gas consuming unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/02—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
    • F25J2240/12—Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream the fluid being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2260/00—Coupling of processes or apparatus to other units; Integrated schemes
    • F25J2260/42—Integration in an installation using nitrogen, e.g. as utility gas, for inerting or purging purposes in IGCC, POX, GTL, PSA, float glass forming, incineration processes, for heat recovery or for enhanced oil recovery
    • F25J2260/44—Integration in an installation using nitrogen, e.g. as utility gas, for inerting or purging purposes in IGCC, POX, GTL, PSA, float glass forming, incineration processes, for heat recovery or for enhanced oil recovery using nitrogen for cooling purposes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

In an integrated process for separation of air, an air separation unit produces a stream enriched in oxygen and a stream enriched in nitrogen, the stream enriched in nitrogen is used to liquefy vaporized natural gas by indirect heat exchange and the stream enriched in oxygen is sent to a natural gas treatment unit.

Description

  • It would be more efficient to reliquefy the low pressure vapors independently of the liquefier.
    • SUMMARY
  • According to the invention, a fluid rich in nitrogen generated by the air separation unit (ASU) is used to liquefy the vapors. The same ASU produces oxygen for the reformer process. The ASU has an air compressor which may be driven by steam turbine, using steam from the reformer and/or the synthesis gas process.
  • The fluid rich in nitrogen may be in liquid form and may be vaporised to condense the vapors of natural gas at low pressure. Alternatively the fluid may be is the form of pressurised gas and may be expanded producing external work to produce a gaseous nitrogen rich stream or a stream which is dual phase, the stream being at a low enough temperature to condense the natural gas vapors.
  • In this way, a single ASU provides different fluids for different applications on the same site. The energy costs of the liquefaction of natural gas are reduced since no natural gas need be combusted to produce the energy required.
    • DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • Air is compressed in a compressor 1, cooled and purified to form feed stream 3 and sent to air separation unit 100. The air separation unit is of any known kind but in particular may be a cryogenic distillation unit comprised of a single column, a double column or a triple column. The air separation unit produces a liquid nitrogen stream 7 which is sent to a heat exchanger 11 where it exchanges heat with a stream 4 of vaporised natural gas at a pressure of less than 3 bars abs. from a tanker-loading bay 400. The vaporised natural gas 4 is thereby liquefied and returned to the loading bay 400. The air separation unit also produces a gaseous nitrogen stream 9 which is cooled by expanding the gas in a turbine to form a cooled gaseous stream or a dual phase stream. The cooled stream or dual phase stream is sent to a heat exchanger 13 where it is used to liquefy vaporised natural gas coming from the storage tanks of a liquefaction unit 500. The liquefied natural gas 15 is returned to the storage tanks of the liquefaction unit 500. Liquefied natural gas is preferably sent from the liquefaction unit 500 to the tanker-loading bay 400.
  • Oxygen 24 from the air separation unit is sent in gaseous form to a reformer 200 which is also fed by natural gas 29. Steam 21 produced using the heat generated in the reformer 200 is used to feed a steam turbine 19.
  • Also present on the site may be a natural gas conversion unit 300 which converts natural gas 27 to synthesis gas. Heat generated by this exothermic reaction may be used to raise steam 23 to be sent to steam turbine 17.
  • The air compressor 1 may receive power from either or both of steam turbines 17 and 19.

Claims (9)

1-8. (canceled)
9. A method which may be used for separating air, said method comprising:
a) producing an oxygen enriched stream in an air separation unit;
b) producing a nitrogen enriched stream in said air separation unit;
c) liquefying vaporized natural gas by indirect heat exchange with said nitrogen enriched stream; and
d) sending said oxygen enriched stream to a natural gas treatment unit.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising expanding said nitrogen enriched stream in a turbine prior to said liquefying.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein said vaporized natural gas is liquefied at a pressure less than about 3 bar abs.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein said treatment unit comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
a) a natural gas reformer unit; and
b) a partial oxidation unit.
13. The method of claim 9, further comprising compressing feed air for said air separation unit in a compressor, wherein:
a) power for said compressor is obtained from at least one steam turbine; and
b) said steam turbine is associated with said natural gas treatment unit.
14. An apparatus which may be used as an integrated air separation unit, said apparatus comprising:
a) an air separation unit;
b) a conduit for supplying said air separation unit with cooled compressed air;
c) a conduit for removing from said air separation unit a nitrogen enriched fluid;
d) a conduit for removing from said air separation unit an oxygen enriched fluid;
e) a heat exchanger for condensing vaporized natural gas;
f) at least one conduit for supplying vaporized natural gas to said heat exchanger;
g) at least one conduit for supplying said nitrogen enriched fluid to said heat exchanger;
h) at least one conduit for removing condensed natural gas from said heat exchanger;
i) at least one conduit for removing a cooled nitrogen enriched fluid from said heat exchanger; and
j) a conduit for supplying said oxygen enriched fluid to said natural gas treatment unit.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a turbine located downstream of said air separation unit and upstream of said heat exchanger.
16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said natural gas unit comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
a) a natural gas reformer; and
b) a natural gas partial oxidation unit.
US11/123,407 2005-03-31 2005-05-06 Integrated process and apparatus for the separation of air Abandoned US20060218967A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150000523A1 (en) * 2012-08-24 2015-01-01 The Boeing Company Aircraft fuel tank flammability reduction methods and systems
US20170038137A1 (en) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-09 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for the production of liquefied natural gas and nitrogen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4507134A (en) * 1983-06-02 1985-03-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Air fractionation method
US4617036A (en) * 1985-10-29 1986-10-14 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Tonnage nitrogen air separation with side reboiler condenser
US4834785A (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-05-30 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic nitrogen generator with nitrogen expander
US6568209B1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2003-05-27 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation system with dual section main heat exchanger

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4507134A (en) * 1983-06-02 1985-03-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Air fractionation method
US4617036A (en) * 1985-10-29 1986-10-14 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Tonnage nitrogen air separation with side reboiler condenser
US4834785A (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-05-30 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic nitrogen generator with nitrogen expander
US6568209B1 (en) * 2002-09-06 2003-05-27 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation system with dual section main heat exchanger

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20150000523A1 (en) * 2012-08-24 2015-01-01 The Boeing Company Aircraft fuel tank flammability reduction methods and systems
US9327243B2 (en) * 2012-08-24 2016-05-03 The Boeing Company Aircraft fuel tank flammability reduction methods and systems
US20170038137A1 (en) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-09 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et I'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for the production of liquefied natural gas and nitrogen

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Owner name: L'AIR LIQUIDE, SOCIETE ANONYME A DIRECTOIRE ET CON

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:LE BOT, PATRICK;REEL/FRAME:016728/0816

Effective date: 20050616

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION