US20060138388A1 - Phosphor for light sources and associated light source - Google Patents
Phosphor for light sources and associated light source Download PDFInfo
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- US20060138388A1 US20060138388A1 US11/359,267 US35926706A US2006138388A1 US 20060138388 A1 US20060138388 A1 US 20060138388A1 US 35926706 A US35926706 A US 35926706A US 2006138388 A1 US2006138388 A1 US 2006138388A1
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- phosphor
- oxide
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound OOB=O PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000985 reflectance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910003451 terbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Tb+3].[Tb+3] SCRZPWWVSXWCMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N digallium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ga+3].[Ga+3] AJNVQOSZGJRYEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001195 gallium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ga]O[Ga]=O QZQVBEXLDFYHSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910019990 cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003081 coactivator Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001938 gadolinium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075613 gadolinium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
- H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7715—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing cerium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7766—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
- C09K11/7767—Chalcogenides
- C09K11/7769—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7766—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing two or more rare earth metals
- C09K11/7774—Aluminates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
- H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
- H01L33/504—Elements with two or more wavelength conversion materials
Definitions
- the invention relates in particular to a yellow-emitting garnet phosphor for excitation by a light source with short wavelengths in the visible blue spectral region, with the result that white light is generated.
- a lamp primarily a fluorescent lamp
- an LED light-emitting diode
- WO 98/05078 has already disclosed a phosphor for light sources and an associated light source.
- the phosphor used is a garnet of the structure A 3 B 5 O 12 , the host lattice of which, as first component A, comprises at least one of the rare earths Y, Lu, Sc, La, Gd or Sm. Furthermore, one of the elements Al, Ga or In is used for the second component B. The only dopant used is Ce.
- a very similar phosphor is known from WO 97/50132.
- the dopant used in that document is either Ce or Tb. While Ce emits in the yellow spectral region, the emission from Tb is in the green spectral region. In both cases, the complementary color principle (blue-emitting light source and yellow-emitting phosphor) is used to achieve a white luminous color.
- EP-A 124 175 describes a fluorescent lamp which, in addition to a mercury fill, contains a plurality of phosphors. These are excited by UV radiation (254 nm) or also by short-wave radiation at 460 nm. Three phosphors are selected in such a way that they add up to form white (color mixture).
- a phosphor which has a garnet structure A 3 B 5 O 12 and which is doped with Ce is used, the second component B representing at least one of the elements Al and Ga and the first component A containing terbium.
- the process for producing the phosphor is characterized by the following process steps: (a) comminution of the oxides and addition of a flux; (b) first firing in forming gas; (c) milling and screening; and (d) second firing.
- terbium is suitable as a constituent of the host lattice (first component of the garnet) for a yellow-emitting phosphor, the activator of which is cerium.
- Tb has only been considered as an activator or coactivator, together with cerium, for emission in the green region, if excitation is produced by cathode rays (electrons) or short-wave UV photons (GB-A 1 600 492 and EP-A 208 713).
- terbium as the principal constituent of the first component A of the garnet, can be used on its own or together with at least one of the rare earths Y, Gd, La and/or Lu.
- At least one of the elements Al or Ga is used as the second component.
- the second component B may additionally contain In.
- the activator is cerium.
- a garnet of the structure (Tb 1-x-y RE x Ce y ) 3 (Al, Ga) 5 O 12 where
- the phosphor absorbs in the range from 420 to 490 nm and can thus be excited by the radiation from a blue light source, which is in particular the radiation source for a lamp or LED. Good results have been achieved with a blue LED whose emission peak was at 430 to 470 nm.
- the emission peak of the Tb-garnet: Ce phosphor is at approximately 550 nm.
- This phosphor is particularly useful for use in a white LED based on the combination of a blue LED with the Tb-garnet-containing phosphor, which is excited by absorption of part of the emission from the blue LED and the emission from which supplements a remaining radiation from the LED, to form white light.
- a Ga(In)N-LED is particularly suitable as the blue LED, but any other route for producing a blue LED which emits in the range from 420 to 490 nm is also suitable. 430 to 470 nm is particularly recommended as the principal emission region, since this is where efficiency is highest.
- the particularly preferred range for y is 0.02 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.06.
- the phosphor according to the invention is also suitable for combination with other phosphors.
- 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.1 has proven particularly suitable as the phosphor.
- Y frequently lies in the range from 0.01 to 0.05.
- Tb in the host lattice serve primarily to improve the properties of known cerium-activated phosphors, while the addition of relatively large amounts of Tb can be used in a controlled way in particular to shift the wavelength of the emission from known cerium-activated phosphors. Therefore, a high proportion of Tb is particularly suitable for white LEDs with a low color temperature of below 5000 K.
- FIG. 1 shows an emission spectrum of a first Tb-garnet phosphor
- FIG. 2 shows the reflectance spectrum of this Tb-garnet phosphor
- FIG. 3 shows emission spectra of further Tb-garnet phosphors
- FIG. 4 shows reflectance spectra of the Tb-garnet phosphors from FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 5 shows emission spectra for further Tb-garnet phosphors
- FIG. 6 shows reflectance spectra for the Tb-garnet phosphors from FIG. 5 ;
- FIG. 7 shows an emission spectrum for a white LED with Tb-garnet phosphor.
- the phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Y 0.29 Tb 0.67 Ce 0.04 ) 3 Al 5 O 12 . It has a strong yellow body color. An emission spectrum for this phosphor when excited at 430 nm and a reflectance spectrum for the phosphor between 300 and 800 nm are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the components 43.07 g Terbium oxide Tb 4 O 7 1.65 g Cerium oxide CeO 2 21.13 g Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 0.12 g Barium fluoride BaF 2 0.062 g Boric acid H 3 BO 3 are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example 1.
- the phosphor obtained corresponds to the overall composition (Tb0.96Ce 0.04 ) 3 Al 5 O 12 or, in the representation which illustrates the host lattice, Tb 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce. It has a strong yellow body color.
- the X-ray diffraction diagram shows that there is a cubic garnet phase.
- the emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively.
- the components 32.18 g Yttrium oxide Y 2 O 3 0.56 g Terbium oxide Tb 4 O 7 2.07 g Cerium oxide CeO 2 26.41 g Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 0.077 g Boric acid H 3 BO 3 are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example No. 1.
- the phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Y 0.95 Tb 0.01 Ce 0.04 ) 3 Al 5 O 12 . It has a strong yellow body color.
- the emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively.
- the components 26.76 g Yttrium oxide Y 2 O 3 9.53 g Terbium oxide Tb 4 O 7 2.07 g Cerium oxide CeO 2 26.41 g Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 0.149 g Barium fluoride BaF 2 0.077 g Boric acid H 3 BO 3 are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example No. 1.
- the phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Y 0.79 Tb 0.17 Ce 0.04 ) 3 Al 5 O 12 . It has a strong yellow body color.
- the emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively.
- the components 30.82 g Yttrium oxide Y 2 O 3 0.56 g Terbium oxide Tb 4 O 7 4.13 g Cerium oxide CeO 2 26.41 g Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 0.149 g Barium fluoride BaF 2 0.077 g Boric acid H 3 BO 3 are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example No. 1.
- the phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Y 0.91 Tb 0.01 Ce 0.08 ) 3 Al 5 O 12 . It has a strong yellow body color.
- the components 43.07 g Terbium oxide Tb 4 O 7 1.65 g Cerium oxide CeO 2 21.13 g Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 0.062 g Boric acid H 3 BO 3 are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example 1, except that the temperature during the two firings is lower by 50° C. in each case.
- the phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Tb0.96Ce 0.04 ) 3 Al 5 O 12 . It has a strong yellow body color.
- the emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , respectively.
- the components 43.07 g Terbium oxide Tb 4 O 7 1.65 g Cerium oxide CeO 2 17.05 g Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 7.50 g Gallium oxide Ga 2 O 3 0.062 g Boric acid H 3 BO 3 are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example 1, except that the temperature for the two firings is lower by 50° C. in each case.
- the phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Tb 0.96 Ce 0.04 )Al 4 GaO 12 . It has a strong yellow body color.
- the emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , respectively.
- the components 43.07 g Terbium oxide Tb 4 O 7 1.65 g Cerium oxide CeO 2 12.97 g Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 15.00 g Gallium oxide Ga 2 O 3 0.062 g Boric acid H 3 BO 3 are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example 1, except that the temperature for the two firings is lower by 50° C. in each case.
- the phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Tb 0.96 Ce 0.04 ) 3 Al 3 Ga 2 O 12 . It has a yellow body color.
- the emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum of this phosphor are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , respectively.
- the components 4.88 kg Yttrium oxide Y 2 O 3 7.05 kg Gadolinium oxide Gd 2 O 3 161.6 g Terbium oxide Tb 4 O 7 595 g Cerium oxide CeO 2 7.34 kg Aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 5.50 g Boric acid H 3 BO 3 are mixed for 24 hours in a 60 l polyethylene vessel. The mixture is introduced into crucibles made from aluminum oxide with a capacity of approx. 1 l and is fired in a pushed-bat kiln for 6 hours at 1550° C. under forming gas. The fired material is milled in an automatic mortar mill and then finely screened. The phosphor obtained has the composition (Y 0.50 Gd 0.45 Tb 0.01 Ce 0.04 ) 3 Al 5 O 12 . It has a strong yellow body color. The emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively.
- the phosphors described above generally have a yellow body color. They emit in the yellow spectral region. When Ga is added or used on its own instead of Al, the emission shifts more toward green, so that it is also possible in particular to achieve higher color temperatures.
- Ga-containing (or Ga,Al-containing) Tb-garnets and purely Al-containing Tb-garnets can be used in mixed form in order to be able to adapt to desired color loci.
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Abstract
A phosphor for light sources, the emission from which lies in the short-wave optical spectral region, as a garnet structure A3B5O12. It is activated with Ce, the second component B representing at least one of the elements Al and Ga, and the first component A is terbium or terbium together with at least one of the elements Y, Gd, La and/or Lu.
In a preferred embodiment, a phosphor having a garnet of structure (Tb1-x-yRExCey)3(Al,Ga)5O12, where
RE=Y, Gd, La and/or Lu;
0≦x≦0.5−y;
0<y<0.1 is used.
RE=Y, Gd, La and/or Lu;
0≦x≦0.5−y;
0<y<0.1 is used.
Description
- This application is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 10/687,436, filed Oct. 16, 2003, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 09/787,208, filed Mar. 15, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,669,866.
- The invention relates in particular to a yellow-emitting garnet phosphor for excitation by a light source with short wavelengths in the visible blue spectral region, with the result that white light is generated. A lamp (primarily a fluorescent lamp) or an LED (light-emitting diode) is particularly suitable as the light source.
- WO 98/05078 has already disclosed a phosphor for light sources and an associated light source. In that document, the phosphor used is a garnet of the structure A3B5O12, the host lattice of which, as first component A, comprises at least one of the rare earths Y, Lu, Sc, La, Gd or Sm. Furthermore, one of the elements Al, Ga or In is used for the second component B. The only dopant used is Ce.
- A very similar phosphor is known from WO 97/50132. The dopant used in that document is either Ce or Tb. While Ce emits in the yellow spectral region, the emission from Tb is in the green spectral region. In both cases, the complementary color principle (blue-emitting light source and yellow-emitting phosphor) is used to achieve a white luminous color.
- Finally, EP-A 124 175 describes a fluorescent lamp which, in addition to a mercury fill, contains a plurality of phosphors. These are excited by UV radiation (254 nm) or also by short-wave radiation at 460 nm. Three phosphors are selected in such a way that they add up to form white (color mixture).
- According to the invention, for light sources from which the emission lies in the short-wave optical spectral region, a phosphor which has a garnet structure A3B5O12 and which is doped with Ce is used, the second component B representing at least one of the elements Al and Ga and the first component A containing terbium. The process for producing the phosphor is characterized by the following process steps: (a) comminution of the oxides and addition of a flux; (b) first firing in forming gas; (c) milling and screening; and (d) second firing. Surprisingly, it has been found that under particular circumstances, namely under blue excitation in the range from 420 to 490 nm, terbium (Tb) is suitable as a constituent of the host lattice (first component of the garnet) for a yellow-emitting phosphor, the activator of which is cerium. Previously, in this context Tb has only been considered as an activator or coactivator, together with cerium, for emission in the green region, if excitation is produced by cathode rays (electrons) or short-wave UV photons (GB-
A 1 600 492 and EP-A 208 713). - In this case, terbium, as the principal constituent of the first component A of the garnet, can be used on its own or together with at least one of the rare earths Y, Gd, La and/or Lu.
- At least one of the elements Al or Ga is used as the second component. The second component B may additionally contain In. The activator is cerium. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a garnet of the structure
(Tb1-x-yRExCey)3(Al, Ga)5O12, where - RE=Y, Gd, La and/or Lu;
- 0≦x≦0.5-y;
- 0<y<0.1 is used.
- The phosphor absorbs in the range from 420 to 490 nm and can thus be excited by the radiation from a blue light source, which is in particular the radiation source for a lamp or LED. Good results have been achieved with a blue LED whose emission peak was at 430 to 470 nm. The emission peak of the Tb-garnet: Ce phosphor is at approximately 550 nm.
- This phosphor is particularly useful for use in a white LED based on the combination of a blue LED with the Tb-garnet-containing phosphor, which is excited by absorption of part of the emission from the blue LED and the emission from which supplements a remaining radiation from the LED, to form white light.
- A Ga(In)N-LED is particularly suitable as the blue LED, but any other route for producing a blue LED which emits in the range from 420 to 490 nm is also suitable. 430 to 470 nm is particularly recommended as the principal emission region, since this is where efficiency is highest.
- By selecting the type and quantity of rare earths, it is possible to fine-tune the location of the absorption and emission bands, in a similar way to that which is known from the literature for other phosphors of type YAG:Ce. In conjunction with light-emitting diodes, it is particularly suitable for x to be 0.25≦x≦0.5-y.
- The particularly preferred range for y is 0.02<y<0.06.
- The phosphor according to the invention is also suitable for combination with other phosphors.
- A garnet of structure
(TbxRE1-x-yCey)3(Al, Ga)5O12, - where RE=Y, Gd, La and/or Lu;
- 0≦x≦0.02, in particular x=0.01;
- 0<y<0.1 has proven particularly suitable as the phosphor. Y frequently lies in the range from 0.01 to 0.05.
- Generally, relatively small amounts of Tb in the host lattice serve primarily to improve the properties of known cerium-activated phosphors, while the addition of relatively large amounts of Tb can be used in a controlled way in particular to shift the wavelength of the emission from known cerium-activated phosphors. Therefore, a high proportion of Tb is particularly suitable for white LEDs with a low color temperature of below 5000 K.
- The invention is to be explained in more detail below with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments. In the drawing:
-
FIG. 1 shows an emission spectrum of a first Tb-garnet phosphor; -
FIG. 2 shows the reflectance spectrum of this Tb-garnet phosphor; -
FIG. 3 shows emission spectra of further Tb-garnet phosphors; -
FIG. 4 shows reflectance spectra of the Tb-garnet phosphors fromFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 5 shows emission spectra for further Tb-garnet phosphors; -
FIG. 6 shows reflectance spectra for the Tb-garnet phosphors fromFIG. 5 ; -
FIG. 7 shows an emission spectrum for a white LED with Tb-garnet phosphor. - The components
9.82 g Yttrium oxide Y2O3 2.07 g Cerium oxide CeO2 37.57 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 26.41 g Aluminum oxide Al2O3 0.15 g Barium fluoride BaF2 0.077 g Boric acid H3BO3
are mixed and comminuted together for two hours in a 250 ml polyethylene wide-necked bottle using 150 g of aluminum oxide balls with a diameter of 10 mm. Barium fluoride and boric acid serve as fluxes. The mixture is fired for three hours in a covered corundum crucible at 1550° C. in forming gas (nitrogen containing 2.3% by volume hydrogen) and then milled in an automatic mortar mill and screened through a screen with a mesh width of 53 μm. This is followed by a second firing for three hours at 1500° C. under forming gas (nitrogen containing 0.5% by volume hydrogen). Then, milling and screening is carried out as after the first firing. The phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Y0.29Tb0.67Ce0.04)3Al5O12. It has a strong yellow body color. An emission spectrum for this phosphor when excited at 430 nm and a reflectance spectrum for the phosphor between 300 and 800 nm are shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 . - The components
43.07 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 1.65 g Cerium oxide CeO2 21.13 g Aluminum oxide Al2O3 0.12 g Barium fluoride BaF2 0.062 g Boric acid H3BO3
are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example 1. The phosphor obtained corresponds to the overall composition (Tb0.96Ce0.04)3Al5O12 or, in the representation which illustrates the host lattice, Tb3Al5O12:Ce. It has a strong yellow body color. The X-ray diffraction diagram shows that there is a cubic garnet phase. The emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively. - The components
32.18 g Yttrium oxide Y2O3 0.56 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 2.07 g Cerium oxide CeO2 26.41 g Aluminum oxide Al2O3 0.077 g Boric acid H3BO3
are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example No. 1. The phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Y0.95Tb0.01Ce0.04)3Al5O12. It has a strong yellow body color. The emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively. - The components
26.76 g Yttrium oxide Y2O3 9.53 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 2.07 g Cerium oxide CeO2 26.41 g Aluminum oxide Al2O3 0.149 g Barium fluoride BaF2 0.077 g Boric acid H3BO3
are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example No. 1. The phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Y0.79Tb0.17Ce0.04)3Al5O12. It has a strong yellow body color. The emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively. - The components
30.82 g Yttrium oxide Y2O3 0.56 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 4.13 g Cerium oxide CeO2 26.41 g Aluminum oxide Al2O3 0.149 g Barium fluoride BaF2 0.077 g Boric acid H3BO3
are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example No. 1. The phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Y0.91Tb0.01Ce0.08)3Al5O12. It has a strong yellow body color. - The components
43.07 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 1.65 g Cerium oxide CeO2 21.13 g Aluminum oxide Al2O3 0.062 g Boric acid H3BO3
are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example 1, except that the temperature during the two firings is lower by 50° C. in each case. The phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Tb0.96Ce0.04)3Al5O12. It has a strong yellow body color. The emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown inFIGS. 5 and 6 , respectively. - The components
43.07 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 1.65 g Cerium oxide CeO2 17.05 g Aluminum oxide Al2O3 7.50 g Gallium oxide Ga2O3 0.062 g Boric acid H3BO3
are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example 1, except that the temperature for the two firings is lower by 50° C. in each case. The phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Tb0.96Ce0.04)Al4GaO12. It has a strong yellow body color. The emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown inFIGS. 5 and 6 , respectively. - The components
43.07 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 1.65 g Cerium oxide CeO2 12.97 g Aluminum oxide Al2O3 15.00 g Gallium oxide Ga2O3 0.062 g Boric acid H3BO3
are intimately mixed and processed as described under Example 1, except that the temperature for the two firings is lower by 50° C. in each case. The phosphor obtained corresponds to the composition (Tb0.96Ce0.04)3Al3Ga2O12. It has a yellow body color. The emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum of this phosphor are shown inFIGS. 5 and 6 , respectively. - The components
4.88 kg Yttrium oxide Y2O3 7.05 kg Gadolinium oxide Gd2O3 161.6 g Terbium oxide Tb4O7 595 g Cerium oxide CeO2 7.34 kg Aluminum oxide Al2O3 5.50 g Boric acid H3BO3
are mixed for 24 hours in a 60 l polyethylene vessel. The mixture is introduced into crucibles made from aluminum oxide with a capacity of approx. 1 l and is fired in a pushed-bat kiln for 6 hours at 1550° C. under forming gas. The fired material is milled in an automatic mortar mill and then finely screened. The phosphor obtained has the composition (Y0.50Gd0.45Tb0.01Ce0.04)3Al5O12. It has a strong yellow body color. The emission spectrum and reflectance spectrum for this phosphor are shown inFIGS. 3 and 4 , respectively. - When these phosphors are used in a white LED together with GaInN, a structure similar to that described in WO 97/50132 is employed. By way of example, identical fractions of phosphor in accordance with Example 1 and of phosphor in accordance with Example 4 are dispersed in epoxy resin and a LED with an emission peak of approximately 450 nm (blue) is encapsulated by this resin mixture. The emission spectrum of a white LED obtained in this way is shown in
FIG. 7 . In this case, the mixture of the blue LED radiation with the yellow phosphor emission results in a color locus of x=0.359/y=0.350, corresponding to white light of color temperature 4500 K. - The phosphors described above generally have a yellow body color. They emit in the yellow spectral region. When Ga is added or used on its own instead of Al, the emission shifts more toward green, so that it is also possible in particular to achieve higher color temperatures. In particular, Ga-containing (or Ga,Al-containing) Tb-garnets and purely Al-containing Tb-garnets can be used in mixed form in order to be able to adapt to desired color loci.
Claims (9)
1-11. (canceled)
12. A process for producing an Al-containing Tb-garnet phosphor, a Ga-containing Tb-garnet phosphor, or a Ga,Al-containing Tb-garnet phosphor, the process comprising:
(a) intimately mixing an oxide of cerium, an oxide of terbium or terbium and at least one of Y, Gd, La, and/or Lu, at least one oxide of Al and Ga, and at least one flux to form a mixture; and
(b) firing the mixture in forming gas to form the phosphor.
13. The process of claim 12 wherein the flux is BaF2, HBO3, or both.
14. The process of claim 12 wherein the forming gas is a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen gases wherein the hydrogen is 2.3% by volume.
15. The process of claim 12 wherein a stoichiometric excess of aluminum oxide is used to form the mixture.
16. The process of claim 12 wherein the mixture is fired at a temperature from 1450° C. to 1550° C.
17. The process of claim 12 wherein the mixture is milled after firing and then fired for a second time in forming gas.
18. The process of claim 17 wherein the firings are performed at a temperature from 1450° C. to 1550° C.
19. The process of claim 18 wherein the firings are each for three hours.
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/359,267 US20060138388A1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2006-02-22 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
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DE19934126A DE19934126A1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 1999-07-23 | Fluorescent oxide for forming white LEDs, includes cerium-activated garnet-based oxide with terbium addition |
DE19934126.5 | 1999-07-23 | ||
DE19951790.8 | 1999-10-27 | ||
DE19951790A DE19951790A1 (en) | 1999-10-27 | 1999-10-27 | Fluorescent for light sources and associated light source |
DE19963791A DE19963791A1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 1999-12-30 | Fluorescent oxide for forming white LEDs, includes cerium-activated garnet-based oxide with terbium addition |
DE19963791.1 | 1999-12-30 | ||
US09/787,208 US6669866B1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-07-08 | Luminous substance for a light source and light source associates therewith |
PCT/DE2000/002241 WO2001008452A1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-07-08 | Luminous substance for a light source and light source associated therewith |
US10/687,436 US7115217B2 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2003-10-16 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
US11/359,267 US20060138388A1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2006-02-22 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
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US10/687,436 Continuation US7115217B2 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2003-10-16 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
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US09/787,208 Expired - Lifetime US6669866B1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-07-08 | Luminous substance for a light source and light source associates therewith |
US10/687,436 Expired - Lifetime US7115217B2 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2003-10-16 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
US11/066,671 Expired - Lifetime US7063807B2 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2005-02-25 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
US11/359,267 Abandoned US20060138388A1 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2006-02-22 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
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US10/687,436 Expired - Lifetime US7115217B2 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2003-10-16 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
US11/066,671 Expired - Lifetime US7063807B2 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2005-02-25 | Phosphor for light sources and associated light source |
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US (4) | US6669866B1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1116418B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003505582A (en) |
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CN (2) | CN100344728C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE252814T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2345114C (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1116418B2 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
ATE252814T1 (en) | 2003-11-15 |
CA2345114C (en) | 2011-08-30 |
EP1116418B1 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
CN100344728C (en) | 2007-10-24 |
HUP0103863A3 (en) | 2004-08-30 |
CA2345114A1 (en) | 2001-02-01 |
CN1654594A (en) | 2005-08-17 |
JP2003505582A (en) | 2003-02-12 |
US7063807B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 |
US20040079956A1 (en) | 2004-04-29 |
US6669866B1 (en) | 2003-12-30 |
WO2001008452A1 (en) | 2001-02-01 |
HU228953B1 (en) | 2013-07-29 |
HUP0103863A2 (en) | 2002-03-28 |
CN1190997C (en) | 2005-02-23 |
KR20010079912A (en) | 2001-08-22 |
EP1378556A3 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
DE50004145D1 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
EP1116418A1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
DE20023590U1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
KR100431398B1 (en) | 2004-05-14 |
US7115217B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 |
CN1318271A (en) | 2001-10-17 |
EP1378556A2 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
US20050145868A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
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