US20060105926A1 - Fluid lubricant - Google Patents
Fluid lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060105926A1 US20060105926A1 US10/991,589 US99158904A US2006105926A1 US 20060105926 A1 US20060105926 A1 US 20060105926A1 US 99158904 A US99158904 A US 99158904A US 2006105926 A1 US2006105926 A1 US 2006105926A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating composition
- fluid
- alpha
- hydrogenated
- methyl styrene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 169
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ALKCLFLTXBBMMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC(C)(C=C)CCC=C(C)C ALKCLFLTXBBMMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWJZVCQAJWXEHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C#CC#CC#CC(C)CC(C)(C)C.[HH].[HH].[HH].[HH].[HH] Chemical compound C#CC#CC#CC(C)CC(C)(C)C.[HH].[HH].[HH].[HH].[HH] PWJZVCQAJWXEHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100440919 Escherichia phage 186 CP80 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCZJVRCZIPDYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditridecyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCZJVRCZIPDYHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013101 initial test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009512 pharmaceutical packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005642 phosphothioate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
- C10M2203/065—Well-defined aromatic compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/74—Noack Volatility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid lubricant particularly adapted for use as a lubricant in tractive drives. More particularly, the invention is related to a fluid formed from a mixture of an alpha-methyl styrene and a polyalphaolefin.
- a conventional tractive drive or friction drive device is composed of at least two relatively rotatable members in a torque transmitting relationship. Torque (power) is transmitted from an input element to an output element through a nominal point or line contact, typically with a rolling action, by virtue of the traction from the proximal contact between the elements. The contact between the elements provides a means to transfer power from one source to a secondary element. Tractive drives can be used in automotive or industrial machinery to transmit power between rotating members. In particular, tractive drive devices are suited for use in transmissions and more particularly for continuous variable transmissions (CVT).
- CVT continuous variable transmissions
- Tractive drive elements are in proximal contact, but do not actually touch. It is generally known in the industry that a fluid film is provided between the elements. If the elements did contact, friction between the elements will generate heat and cause increased wear on the elements, leading to a degradation of the tractive drive. Lubricants are used to prevent the metal to metal contact and decrease the wear on the tractive elements. Thus, instead of metal to metal, or metal to rubber contact, a film of fluid is intermediate the contact points. The fluid functions to remove heat, prevent wear at the contact surface, lubricate the contacting elements and moving parts, and facilitate the transfer of torque. The fluid to a large extent determines the environment in which the tractive drive device operates. In particular, the fluid reduces heat and friction, and functions to increase the traction coefficient of the tractive elements thereby increasing the transfer of power.
- Desired characteristics for fluid lubricants that increase the performance of the tractive drive device are high shear resistance, low viscosity over a wide temperature range specifically at low temperatures, and good lubricating properties.
- High shear resistance is measured as the traction coefficient and is important for maximizing the power transmission between elements.
- a fluid with a high traction coefficient facilitates the maximum amount of torque between elements, resulting in minimal torque reduction due to slipping of the tractive drive.
- good lubricating characteristics ensure that heat is removed and that the contact surfaces are lubricated to minimize wear of the tractive device.
- Conventional fluid lubricants include naturally occurring oils of mineral origin, synthetic based lubricants, and combinations thereof. It is well known, however, that these fluids do not possess the characteristics, which enable them to perform satisfactorily in demanding applications, such as conditions that are typically associated with chain and belt CVT.
- Conventional fluid lubricants lack a high traction coefficient while still maintaining a low viscosity over a wide temperature range and in particular at low temperatures, such as ⁇ 40° C.
- the fluid lubricant either functions with a high traction coefficient over a narrow temperature range, or the fluid lubricant is used over a wide temperature range, but with a low traction coefficient.
- varying amounts of other materials are added to these fluids.
- Conventional fluid lubricants contain varying amounts of components that when in use will cause excessive foaming. Low foaming is desired in a fluid lubricant because minimal foaming ensures optimum coating of the traction gears.
- defoamers are required in varying amounts typically between 5 ppm to 100 ppm (parts per million). The required defoamers decrease the effectiveness of conventional fluid lubricants because over time the defoamers lose the ability to decrease foaming. Defoamers found in conventional fluid lubricants lose effectiveness due to settling, oxidation, or shearing, which cause the fluid lubricant to foam during use. Additionally, conventional fluid lubricants do not reduce the noise associated with traction gears.
- a fluid for use in chain and belt CVT with properties such as: 1) a high coefficient of traction; 2) a low viscosity over a wide temperature range; 3) good phase stability at a low temperature; 4) noncorrosive to common materials of construction; 5) low foaming; 6) noise reduction; and, 7) good load bearing and low wear rate properties.
- the present invention relates to a fluid lubricant for use in transmission of power.
- the fluid lubricant is a liquid lubricant that includes a base fluid and performance additives.
- the base fluid includes a low-temperature control agent and a traction component.
- the low-temperature control agent is preferably an oligomer or polymer of linear dimers of hydrogenated alphaolefins.
- the low-temperature control agent is included to ensure viscosity of the fluid lubricant remains low over a wide temperature range and in particular a low viscosity at temperatures of ⁇ 40° C. or less.
- the traction component is a hydrocarbon with non-aromatic cyclic moieties and preferably a linear dimer of alpha-methyl styrene.
- the traction component is particularly suited for use in fluid lubricants because of its high traction coefficient.
- the performance additives are selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear and extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient to improve durability performance of the fluid lubricant.
- the present invention is formulated to produce a fluid lubricant that possesses a low viscosity over a wide temperature range, including temperatures at or below ⁇ 40° C., a high traction coefficient, increased noise reduction, decreased pressure, and low foaming.
- the above characteristics ensure that a fluid lubricant is formulated that will aide in peak performance of traction devices over diverse conditions.
- the fluid's characteristics provide a fluid that will improve the performance of a belt or chain CVT by allowing the belt or chain CVT to operate with a high traction coefficient, over a wide temperature range.
- the present invention also relates to a method of using the fluid lubricant described above to lubricate power-transmitting apparatuses, such as chain or belt CVT.
- the fluid lubricant is used with a tractive drive device to increase torque transfer between the elements in a varying range of temperature environments under which tractive drive devices typically operate. Any amount of the fluid lubricant can be used with a tractive drive device so long as the device operates with a high traction coefficient over a wide temperature range.
- the tractive device will function with a high traction coefficient at or below ⁇ 40° C.
- the present invention relates to a method of using the fluid lubricant for numerous applications.
- potential uses include, but are not limited to, a canning lubricant, for high speed canning machines with gear systems operating at about 30,000 rpm, a wire rope lubricant for use in bridges and walkways, and as an elevator and lift lubricant.
- the present invention relates to a fluid lubricant and a method of using the lubricant.
- the fluid lubricant is particularly suited for use as a traction fluid.
- the fluid is composed of a base fluid and additional performance additives.
- the base fluid includes a mixture of a low-temperature viscosity control agent and a traction component.
- control agent is a low-temperature viscosity control agent, hereafter referred to as “control agent”.
- the control agent is a viscosity reducer that operates to lower the viscosity of the fluid lubricant. Viscosity is the measurement of flow resistance due to internal friction within the fluid, and is measured in centistrokes (cSt). A lower cSt measurement means the fluid will flow with less resistance, because of minimal molecular friction within the fluid. The lower the viscosity the faster the fluid will flow. High viscosity substances are liquids that are thick and gelatinous in nature with slow flow. Low viscosity substances exhibit a fast flow with an example being water at room temperature.
- the control agent is a material that will flow at temperatures at or below ⁇ 40° C., and also will lower the viscosity, and increase the flow rate, of fluids to which it is added.
- the low viscosity of the control agent ensures that the fluid lubricant coats the tractive drive elements and remains flowable over a wide temperature range.
- the control agent of the present invention is a material, which possesses a viscosity that allows the control agent to flow over a varied temperature range.
- the control agent will have a viscosity of less than or equal to 7.2 cSt at 100° C.
- the control agent is a material that possesses a viscosity of less than 6.0 cSt and more preferably 1.5 cSt to 2.5 cSt at 100° C.
- control agent is a material that will retain mobility at low temperatures, such as ⁇ 30° C. to ⁇ 40° C.
- the control agent is a material that when added in sufficient quantity will meet or exceed the viscosity requirements for Dexron® III and Mercon® V specifications at ⁇ 40° C. Both Dexron® III and Mercon® V specifications require a viscosity of less than or equal to 20,000 cP (centipoises) at ⁇ 40°.
- control agent is a material that possesses a viscosity of less than 12,000 cP, and preferably between 250 cP and 2,500 cP at ⁇ 40° C.
- the linear alphaolefins are hydrogenated, and contain a minimal amount of carbon atoms that are not saturated.
- the hydrogenated material will be substantially free of carbons that are not saturated, or will include a minimal amount of unsaturated carbons that do not measurably or significantly affect the control agent's performance.
- linear alphaolefins Polymers and oligomers of linear alphaolefins are commercially available from manufactures, such as Exxon Mobil® and Chevron-Philips®. Examples of commercially available linear alphaolefins include PAO 2 (viscosity of 2 cSt at 100° C.), PAO 4 (viscosity of 4 cSt at 100° C.), and PAO 6 (viscosity of 6 cSt at 100° C.).
- the linear alphaolefins are produced in various viscosity grades, from 2 cSt to 100 cSt. Preferably, a viscosity grade of 8 cSt or lower is used with the current fluid lubricant.
- control agent can be any material known in the industry for use in lowering the viscosity of a fluid.
- examples include naphthenic mineral oils, esters such as diisodecyl adipate (DIDA) and diisodecyl phthlates (DIDP), polyalkylene glycols, and combinations thereof.
- control agent is added in an amount equal to at least 50% by weight of the base fluid.
- control agent comprises between 60% to 95% by weight of the base fluid, and more preferably between 60% to 80% by weight of the base fluid.
- the base fluid also contains a traction component.
- the traction component operates to increase the traction coefficient of the fluid.
- the traction component is a hydrocarbon with non-aromatic moieties. It is particularly suited for use in a fluid lubricant because it possesses a high traction coefficient. A fluid with a high traction coefficient will ensure the optimum amount of torque (energy) is transferred between elements. Traction coefficient is defined as shearing resistance of a fluid while under high speed and load pressure.
- a fluid for use in a CVT chain or belt type design will have a coefficient of traction of greater than or equal to 0.05.
- CVT toroidal type designs require a coefficient of traction greater than or equal to 0.065.
- the hydrocarbon component functions to increase traction between the tractive drive elements and increase the transfer of torque.
- the hydrocarbon is alpha-methyl styrene (AMS). More preferably, the AMS has been hydrogenated.
- the hydrogenated material will be substantially free of carbons that are not saturated, or will include a minimal amount of unsaturated carbons that do not measurably or significantly affect the component's performance.
- the AMS may include cyclic dimers of AMS, but preferably the component is composed of linear dimers of AMS.
- the preferred linear dimer of AMS is represented by the structure:
- the traction component can be any material known in the industry for use in increasing the traction coefficient in a fluid.
- the fluid optionally is an alkylated naphthalene that is produced by Exxon Mobil® and commercially available as Synesstic 12.
- the traction component is added in an amount less than 50% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- the AMS component equals 5% to 40% by weight of the fluid lubricant and more preferably 20% to 40% by weight.
- the fluid lubricant contains an amount of performance additives. It is well known in the industry that performance additives are added to fluid lubricants to increase the performance of the fluid.
- the fluid lubricant includes friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and combinations thereof.
- the performance additives are added to the fluid lubricant in an amount equal to between 0.01% and 20% by weight of the fluid lubricant. Preferably, the performance additives constitute between 5% and 15% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- the fluid lubricant will contain a friction modifier.
- the friction modifier is a fatty acid ester, such as diisodecyl adipate.
- the diisodecyl adipate is produced by Exxon Mobil® and commercially known as Jayflex DIDA.
- the friction modifier is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 2% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- an antiwear additive can be included in the fluid lubricant.
- the antiwear additive is phospho-thioate (TPPT), which is produced by Ciba® and commercially known as Irgalube TPPT.
- TPPT phospho-thioate
- the antiwear additive is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 2% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- the fluid lubricant can contain antioxidants.
- the antioxidents will be phenylalpha naphthal amine (PANA), which is commercially available through Ciba® and currently known as Irgalube Lo6.
- PANA phenylalpha naphthal amine
- the antioxidants are preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 1% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- the optional component of a viscosity modifier or VI improver can be included in the fluid lubricant.
- the viscosity modifier or VI improver is methacrylate polymers, which are commercially available and known as Rohmax 7-305 or an ethylene-propylene polymer such as CP-80 from Crompton Corporation.
- the viscosity modifier or VI improver is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 12% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- the fluid lubricant can contain a pour point depressant.
- the pour point depressant is preferably an acrylic polymer that is produced and sold as the commercially available product Lubrizol 6662.
- the pour point depressant is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 1% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- the fluid lubricant can contain an over based dispersant.
- the over based dispersant is preferably calcium sulphonate and is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 5% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- a transmission fluid additive package containing all additives mentioned above can be used.
- Additive packages are commercially available from numerous sources including Lubrizol Corporation, as Lubrizol 3220T and Lubrizol 9636G, Infineium Corporation, and Afton Chemical.
- the additive packages are added to the base formulation in an amount sufficient to satisfy all requirements of the Dexron III specification.
- the additive package is added in an amount between 5% to 15% by weight of the fluid lubricant. More preferably, the additive package is added in an amount between 5% to 10% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- the mixture of the control agent, the traction component, and additional additives produce a fluid lubricant with characteristics specifically designed to endure the extreme conditions found in power transmitting apparatuses.
- the combination of the control agent and traction component produce a synergistic effect that when combined produce the present invention of a fluid lubricant with a low viscosity over a wide temperature range, and particularly low viscosity at ⁇ 40° C., while maintaining a high traction coefficient.
- Fluid lubricants were tested with varying amounts of AMS:PAO ratios by weight at ambient conditions. The fluid lubricants were tested to determine the actual coefficient of traction versus the calculated coefficient of traction. The AMS and PAO constituents were combined in a beaker and mixed with a magnetic stir rod until the fluid lubricant mixture was created. The fluid lubricants prepared with the varying ratios of 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 were analyzed and the below data was collected. Coefficient 100% 100% AMS:PAO AMS:PAO AMS:PAO of Traction AMS PAO 20:80 30:70 40:60 Calculated 0.035 0.042 0.057 Actual 0.095 0.020 0.052 0.060 0.075
- the data above illustrates the synergistic relationship discovered between the AMS and PAO components.
- the AMS and PAL when combined to produce the fluid base have a synergistic effect on the fluid lubricant mixture.
- the synergistic effect causes the fluid lubricant to possess a coefficient of traction that is higher than calculated.
- the coefficient of traction was determined following industry standards using an MTM test and
- the combination of the control agent and traction component produces a surprising result with regard to the traction coefficient.
- Combining the control agent and traction component results in a base fluid with a higher actual tested coefficient of traction compared to the expected calculated coefficient of traction. Because of the synergistic effect that results from the combination, a fluid lubricant with the desired high traction coefficient is produced.
- the present invention described above produces a fluid lubricant with low foaming characteristics.
- Low foaming fluids provide better lubrication because of the coating action of the fluid.
- fluids with higher foaming will possess air bubbles; the air bubbles hinder coating since they are an intermediate between the fluid and the part.
- Foaming is defined as the formation of air bubbles above or within the fluid. Foaming is measured by injecting air into a fluid lubricant and determining the amount of air bubbles released or retained after a given time. Fluids that release the air bubbles quicker after injection are low foaming. Alternatively, fluids that retain the air bubbles are high foaming fluids.
- the present invention requires no defoamers or a minimal amount of defoamers to produce the fluid lubricant with non-foaming tendencies.
- the fluid lubricant may contain a defoaming agent.
- the defoaming agent is polymethyl siloxane and is preferably added in an amount between 1 ppm to 5 ppm of the total fluid lubricant.
- the present invention produces a fluid lubricant with increased noise reduction.
- the present invention reduces the noise levels in gear systems.
- the fluid lubricant of the present invention exhibits distinct characteristics that aid in the optimum performance of chain or belt CVT.
- the present invention may be used in numerous other applications including traction devices that incorporate the use of toroidal, cone, and planetrol type gears.
- the present fluid lubricant's use in the above traction gear systems will ensure increased torque transfer under varying conditions.
- machines that utilize the traction gear systems and can use the present fluid lubricant are high-speed machines used in food and pharmaceutical packaging and printing and lithographic equipment.
- the use of the present invention will aid in optimum performance of the machines using the traction gear systems.
- the fluid lubricant of the present invention can also be used as a wire rope lubricant for use in bridges and walkways and as a lubricant for elevators and lifts.
- Samples were prepared with varying percentages of a control agent, a traction component, and performance additives and were analyzed to determine the physical properties of the fluid lubricant.
- AMS and PAO 4 were blended together at a ratio of 20:80 by weight at ambient conditions to form the base fluid.
- Performance additives were then added to the base fluid and are as follows:
- the fluid lubricant prepared with the 20:80 ratio of AMS:PAO 4 was analyzed and the below data was collected.
- AMS and PAO 4 were blended together at a ratio of 40:60 by weight at ambient conditions to from the base fluid.
- the performance additives as described in example 1 were then added to the base fluid.
- the fluid lubricant prepared with the 40:60 ratio of AMS:PAO 4 was analyzed and the below data was collected.
- Alkylated Naphthalene and PAO 4 were blended together at a ratio of 40:60 by weight at ambient conditions to from the base fluid.
- the performance additives as described in example 1 were then added to the base fluid.
- the fluid lubricant prepared with the 40:60 ratio of Alkylated Naphthalen:PAO 4 was analyzed and the below data was collected. confirmed by a Twin-Disc Machine test. The data illustrates that the tested coefficient of traction is higher when compared to the pre-calculated coefficient of traction expected for each ratio. Because of the synergistic effect the fluid lubricant of the present invention has a high coefficient of traction and will aide in the transfer of torque in traction gear systems.
- a noise level comparison was evaluated between the present invention fluid lubricant and conventional mineral oil base fluid lubricants such as Chevron ATF.
- the test evaluated the reduction of noise levels of the present fluid lubricant versus the mineral oil through the use of a Twin-Disc Machine, which was run at 300 psi and 500 psi while the noise levels were recorded with a digital sound level meter.
- the noise levels of mineral oil averaged 109 dB at 500 psi and 107 dB at 300 psi.
- the present fluid lubricant produced noise levels of 105 dB at 500 psi and 102 dB at 300 psi. Based on the above data the present fluid lubricant reduces the noise level typically encountered in traction gear systems.
- Foaming characteristics were compared between the present fluid lubricant and conventional mineral oil base fluid lubricants. Equal amounts of the present fluid lubricant and conventional mineral oil base lubricant were compared for foaming characteristics based on a standard ASTM D-892 test. The foaming test is conducted on a 200-ml test sample of the fluid placed in a 1000-ml cylinder. A measured amount of 475 ml of air is then injected into the sample through a porous stone attached to a tube and an airflow meter in five minutes. The foam height is then measured in the fluid. The initial test when conducted at room temperature is called sequence 1, sequence II is the test conducted at 98° C. The same fluid is then re-tested at room temperature following the same procedure to produce sequence III.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a fluid lubricant for use in transmission of power in tractive drives. More particularly, the invention is related to a mixture of a hydrocarbon with non-aromatic cyclic moieties, a polyalphaolefin, and performance additives.
Description
- The present invention relates to a fluid lubricant particularly adapted for use as a lubricant in tractive drives. More particularly, the invention is related to a fluid formed from a mixture of an alpha-methyl styrene and a polyalphaolefin.
- A conventional tractive drive or friction drive device is composed of at least two relatively rotatable members in a torque transmitting relationship. Torque (power) is transmitted from an input element to an output element through a nominal point or line contact, typically with a rolling action, by virtue of the traction from the proximal contact between the elements. The contact between the elements provides a means to transfer power from one source to a secondary element. Tractive drives can be used in automotive or industrial machinery to transmit power between rotating members. In particular, tractive drive devices are suited for use in transmissions and more particularly for continuous variable transmissions (CVT).
- Tractive drive elements are in proximal contact, but do not actually touch. It is generally known in the industry that a fluid film is provided between the elements. If the elements did contact, friction between the elements will generate heat and cause increased wear on the elements, leading to a degradation of the tractive drive. Lubricants are used to prevent the metal to metal contact and decrease the wear on the tractive elements. Thus, instead of metal to metal, or metal to rubber contact, a film of fluid is intermediate the contact points. The fluid functions to remove heat, prevent wear at the contact surface, lubricate the contacting elements and moving parts, and facilitate the transfer of torque. The fluid to a large extent determines the environment in which the tractive drive device operates. In particular, the fluid reduces heat and friction, and functions to increase the traction coefficient of the tractive elements thereby increasing the transfer of power.
- Desired characteristics for fluid lubricants that increase the performance of the tractive drive device are high shear resistance, low viscosity over a wide temperature range specifically at low temperatures, and good lubricating properties. High shear resistance is measured as the traction coefficient and is important for maximizing the power transmission between elements. A fluid with a high traction coefficient facilitates the maximum amount of torque between elements, resulting in minimal torque reduction due to slipping of the tractive drive. In addition, good lubricating characteristics ensure that heat is removed and that the contact surfaces are lubricated to minimize wear of the tractive device.
- Conventional fluid lubricants include naturally occurring oils of mineral origin, synthetic based lubricants, and combinations thereof. It is well known, however, that these fluids do not possess the characteristics, which enable them to perform satisfactorily in demanding applications, such as conditions that are typically associated with chain and belt CVT. Conventional fluid lubricants lack a high traction coefficient while still maintaining a low viscosity over a wide temperature range and in particular at low temperatures, such as −40° C. Traditionally, the fluid lubricant either functions with a high traction coefficient over a narrow temperature range, or the fluid lubricant is used over a wide temperature range, but with a low traction coefficient. To increase the performance of conventional fluid lubricants varying amounts of other materials are added to these fluids. As a result of the increased performance requirements imposed on these fluid lubricants it has become difficult to find additives which increase the performance properties of the fluid lubricant, but do not cause other problems, such as limiting the temperature range of operation, increased corrosion, or a lowered traction coefficient.
- Conventional fluid lubricants contain varying amounts of components that when in use will cause excessive foaming. Low foaming is desired in a fluid lubricant because minimal foaming ensures optimum coating of the traction gears. To combat foaming of the fluid, defoamers are required in varying amounts typically between 5 ppm to 100 ppm (parts per million). The required defoamers decrease the effectiveness of conventional fluid lubricants because over time the defoamers lose the ability to decrease foaming. Defoamers found in conventional fluid lubricants lose effectiveness due to settling, oxidation, or shearing, which cause the fluid lubricant to foam during use. Additionally, conventional fluid lubricants do not reduce the noise associated with traction gears.
- It is therefore desirable to have a fluid for use in chain and belt CVT with properties such as: 1) a high coefficient of traction; 2) a low viscosity over a wide temperature range; 3) good phase stability at a low temperature; 4) noncorrosive to common materials of construction; 5) low foaming; 6) noise reduction; and, 7) good load bearing and low wear rate properties.
- The present invention relates to a fluid lubricant for use in transmission of power. The fluid lubricant is a liquid lubricant that includes a base fluid and performance additives. The base fluid includes a low-temperature control agent and a traction component. The low-temperature control agent is preferably an oligomer or polymer of linear dimers of hydrogenated alphaolefins. The low-temperature control agent is included to ensure viscosity of the fluid lubricant remains low over a wide temperature range and in particular a low viscosity at temperatures of −40° C. or less. The traction component is a hydrocarbon with non-aromatic cyclic moieties and preferably a linear dimer of alpha-methyl styrene. The traction component is particularly suited for use in fluid lubricants because of its high traction coefficient. The performance additives are selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear and extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and mixtures thereof, in an amount sufficient to improve durability performance of the fluid lubricant.
- The present invention is formulated to produce a fluid lubricant that possesses a low viscosity over a wide temperature range, including temperatures at or below −40° C., a high traction coefficient, increased noise reduction, decreased pressure, and low foaming. The above characteristics ensure that a fluid lubricant is formulated that will aide in peak performance of traction devices over diverse conditions. Specifically, the fluid's characteristics provide a fluid that will improve the performance of a belt or chain CVT by allowing the belt or chain CVT to operate with a high traction coefficient, over a wide temperature range.
- The present invention also relates to a method of using the fluid lubricant described above to lubricate power-transmitting apparatuses, such as chain or belt CVT. The fluid lubricant is used with a tractive drive device to increase torque transfer between the elements in a varying range of temperature environments under which tractive drive devices typically operate. Any amount of the fluid lubricant can be used with a tractive drive device so long as the device operates with a high traction coefficient over a wide temperature range. Preferably, the tractive device will function with a high traction coefficient at or below −40° C.
- Further, the present invention relates to a method of using the fluid lubricant for numerous applications. Examples of potential uses include, but are not limited to, a canning lubricant, for high speed canning machines with gear systems operating at about 30,000 rpm, a wire rope lubricant for use in bridges and walkways, and as an elevator and lift lubricant.
- The present invention relates to a fluid lubricant and a method of using the lubricant. The fluid lubricant is particularly suited for use as a traction fluid. The fluid is composed of a base fluid and additional performance additives. The base fluid includes a mixture of a low-temperature viscosity control agent and a traction component.
- One component of the base fluid is a low-temperature viscosity control agent, hereafter referred to as “control agent”. The control agent is a viscosity reducer that operates to lower the viscosity of the fluid lubricant. Viscosity is the measurement of flow resistance due to internal friction within the fluid, and is measured in centistrokes (cSt). A lower cSt measurement means the fluid will flow with less resistance, because of minimal molecular friction within the fluid. The lower the viscosity the faster the fluid will flow. High viscosity substances are liquids that are thick and gelatinous in nature with slow flow. Low viscosity substances exhibit a fast flow with an example being water at room temperature. The control agent is a material that will flow at temperatures at or below −40° C., and also will lower the viscosity, and increase the flow rate, of fluids to which it is added. The low viscosity of the control agent ensures that the fluid lubricant coats the tractive drive elements and remains flowable over a wide temperature range.
- The control agent of the present invention is a material, which possesses a viscosity that allows the control agent to flow over a varied temperature range. The control agent will have a viscosity of less than or equal to 7.2 cSt at 100° C. Preferably, the control agent is a material that possesses a viscosity of less than 6.0 cSt and more preferably 1.5 cSt to 2.5 cSt at 100° C.
- Further, the control agent is a material that will retain mobility at low temperatures, such as −30° C. to −40° C. The control agent is a material that when added in sufficient quantity will meet or exceed the viscosity requirements for Dexron® III and Mercon® V specifications at −40° C. Both Dexron® III and Mercon® V specifications require a viscosity of less than or equal to 20,000 cP (centipoises) at −40°. (cP is a standard term used in the industry to define absolute viscosity for determining a fluids resistance to flow) Preferably, the control agent is a material that possesses a viscosity of less than 12,000 cP, and preferably between 250 cP and 2,500 cP at −40° C.
- The control agent of the present invention includes either oligomers or polymers of linear alphaolefins. The linear alphaolefins contain between 10 and 60 carbon atoms, and preferably between 20 and 50 carbon atoms. Because the linear alphaolefin is preferably an “oligomer or polymer” it is a material with a low molecular weight. The linear alphaolefins possess a molecular weight range of between 200 and 1000. The molecular weight was estimated through carbon number distribution using gas chromatography or following ASTM D-2878 standards. Preferably, the linear alphaolefins possess a molecular weight range between 250 and 650.
- Preferably, the linear alphaolefins are hydrogenated, and contain a minimal amount of carbon atoms that are not saturated. The hydrogenated material will be substantially free of carbons that are not saturated, or will include a minimal amount of unsaturated carbons that do not measurably or significantly affect the control agent's performance.
- Polymers and oligomers of linear alphaolefins are commercially available from manufactures, such as Exxon Mobil® and Chevron-Philips®. Examples of commercially available linear alphaolefins include PAO 2 (viscosity of 2 cSt at 100° C.), PAO 4 (viscosity of 4 cSt at 100° C.), and PAO 6 (viscosity of 6 cSt at 100° C.). The linear alphaolefins are produced in various viscosity grades, from 2 cSt to 100 cSt. Preferably, a viscosity grade of 8 cSt or lower is used with the current fluid lubricant.
- Optionally, the control agent can be any material known in the industry for use in lowering the viscosity of a fluid. Examples include naphthenic mineral oils, esters such as diisodecyl adipate (DIDA) and diisodecyl phthlates (DIDP), polyalkylene glycols, and combinations thereof.
- The control agent is added in an amount equal to at least 50% by weight of the base fluid. Preferably, the control agent comprises between 60% to 95% by weight of the base fluid, and more preferably between 60% to 80% by weight of the base fluid.
- The base fluid also contains a traction component. The traction component operates to increase the traction coefficient of the fluid. Preferably, the traction component is a hydrocarbon with non-aromatic moieties. It is particularly suited for use in a fluid lubricant because it possesses a high traction coefficient. A fluid with a high traction coefficient will ensure the optimum amount of torque (energy) is transferred between elements. Traction coefficient is defined as shearing resistance of a fluid while under high speed and load pressure. Typically, a fluid for use in a CVT chain or belt type design will have a coefficient of traction of greater than or equal to 0.05. CVT toroidal type designs require a coefficient of traction greater than or equal to 0.065. The hydrocarbon component functions to increase traction between the tractive drive elements and increase the transfer of torque. Preferably, the hydrocarbon is alpha-methyl styrene (AMS). More preferably, the AMS has been hydrogenated. The hydrogenated material will be substantially free of carbons that are not saturated, or will include a minimal amount of unsaturated carbons that do not measurably or significantly affect the component's performance. Further, the AMS may include cyclic dimers of AMS, but preferably the component is composed of linear dimers of AMS. The preferred linear dimer of AMS is represented by the structure:
- Optionally, the traction component can be any material known in the industry for use in increasing the traction coefficient in a fluid. The fluid optionally is an alkylated naphthalene that is produced by Exxon Mobil® and commercially available as Synesstic 12.
- The traction component is added in an amount less than 50% by weight of the fluid lubricant. Preferably, the AMS component equals 5% to 40% by weight of the fluid lubricant and more preferably 20% to 40% by weight.
- In addition to the base fluid, which includes a control agent and the traction component, the fluid lubricant contains an amount of performance additives. It is well known in the industry that performance additives are added to fluid lubricants to increase the performance of the fluid. The fluid lubricant includes friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and combinations thereof. The performance additives are added to the fluid lubricant in an amount equal to between 0.01% and 20% by weight of the fluid lubricant. Preferably, the performance additives constitute between 5% and 15% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- Optionally, the fluid lubricant will contain a friction modifier. Preferably, the friction modifier is a fatty acid ester, such as diisodecyl adipate. The diisodecyl adipate is produced by Exxon Mobil® and commercially known as Jayflex DIDA. The friction modifier is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 2% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- An antiwear additive can be included in the fluid lubricant. Preferably, the antiwear additive is phospho-thioate (TPPT), which is produced by Ciba® and commercially known as Irgalube TPPT. The antiwear additive is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 2% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- Further, the fluid lubricant can contain antioxidants. Preferably, the antioxidents will be phenylalpha naphthal amine (PANA), which is commercially available through Ciba® and currently known as Irgalube Lo6. The antioxidants are preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 1% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- The optional component of a viscosity modifier or VI improver can be included in the fluid lubricant. Preferably, the viscosity modifier or VI improver is methacrylate polymers, which are commercially available and known as Rohmax 7-305 or an ethylene-propylene polymer such as CP-80 from Crompton Corporation. The viscosity modifier or VI improver is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 12% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- The fluid lubricant can contain a pour point depressant. The pour point depressant is preferably an acrylic polymer that is produced and sold as the commercially available product Lubrizol 6662. The pour point depressant is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 1% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- Further, the fluid lubricant can contain an over based dispersant. The over based dispersant is preferably calcium sulphonate and is preferably added in an amount between 0.01% and 5% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- Optionally, a transmission fluid additive package containing all additives mentioned above can be used. Additive packages are commercially available from numerous sources including Lubrizol Corporation, as Lubrizol 3220T and Lubrizol 9636G, Infineium Corporation, and Afton Chemical. The additive packages are added to the base formulation in an amount sufficient to satisfy all requirements of the Dexron III specification. Preferably, the additive package is added in an amount between 5% to 15% by weight of the fluid lubricant. More preferably, the additive package is added in an amount between 5% to 10% by weight of the fluid lubricant.
- The mixture of the control agent, the traction component, and additional additives produce a fluid lubricant with characteristics specifically designed to endure the extreme conditions found in power transmitting apparatuses. The combination of the control agent and traction component produce a synergistic effect that when combined produce the present invention of a fluid lubricant with a low viscosity over a wide temperature range, and particularly low viscosity at −40° C., while maintaining a high traction coefficient.
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Properties Results Viscosity at 100° C. 7.3 cSt Viscosity at 40° C. 39.4 cSt Viscosity at −40° C. 17580 cSt Coefficient of Traction 0.070 Foam Test seq I 15 ml Oxidation Stability Test, 192 hrs at 170° C. Viscosity Change @ 40° C. 5.4% Total Acid number change 0.15 Copper Corrosion 100° C./24 hours 1A Pour Point Temperature −50° C. - Fluid lubricants were tested with varying amounts of AMS:PAO ratios by weight at ambient conditions. The fluid lubricants were tested to determine the actual coefficient of traction versus the calculated coefficient of traction. The AMS and PAO constituents were combined in a beaker and mixed with a magnetic stir rod until the fluid lubricant mixture was created. The fluid lubricants prepared with the varying ratios of 20:80, 30:70, and 40:60 were analyzed and the below data was collected.
Coefficient 100% 100% AMS:PAO AMS:PAO AMS:PAO of Traction AMS PAO 20:80 30:70 40:60 Calculated 0.035 0.042 0.057 Actual 0.095 0.020 0.052 0.060 0.075 - The data above illustrates the synergistic relationship discovered between the AMS and PAO components. The AMS and PAL when combined to produce the fluid base have a synergistic effect on the fluid lubricant mixture. The synergistic effect causes the fluid lubricant to possess a coefficient of traction that is higher than calculated. The coefficient of traction was determined following industry standards using an MTM test and
- The combination of the control agent and traction component produces a surprising result with regard to the traction coefficient. Combining the control agent and traction component results in a base fluid with a higher actual tested coefficient of traction compared to the expected calculated coefficient of traction. Because of the synergistic effect that results from the combination, a fluid lubricant with the desired high traction coefficient is produced.
- The present invention described above produces a fluid lubricant with low foaming characteristics. Low foaming fluids provide better lubrication because of the coating action of the fluid. Alternatively, fluids with higher foaming will possess air bubbles; the air bubbles hinder coating since they are an intermediate between the fluid and the part. Foaming is defined as the formation of air bubbles above or within the fluid. Foaming is measured by injecting air into a fluid lubricant and determining the amount of air bubbles released or retained after a given time. Fluids that release the air bubbles quicker after injection are low foaming. Alternatively, fluids that retain the air bubbles are high foaming fluids. When compared to conventional fluid lubricants the present invention requires no defoamers or a minimal amount of defoamers to produce the fluid lubricant with non-foaming tendencies. Optionally, the fluid lubricant may contain a defoaming agent. Preferably, the defoaming agent is polymethyl siloxane and is preferably added in an amount between 1 ppm to 5 ppm of the total fluid lubricant.
- Further, the present invention produces a fluid lubricant with increased noise reduction. When compared to conventional fluid lubricants the present invention reduces the noise levels in gear systems.
- The fluid lubricant of the present invention exhibits distinct characteristics that aid in the optimum performance of chain or belt CVT.
- Optionally, the present invention may be used in numerous other applications including traction devices that incorporate the use of toroidal, cone, and planetrol type gears. The present fluid lubricant's use in the above traction gear systems will ensure increased torque transfer under varying conditions. Examples of machines that utilize the traction gear systems and can use the present fluid lubricant are high-speed machines used in food and pharmaceutical packaging and printing and lithographic equipment. The use of the present invention will aid in optimum performance of the machines using the traction gear systems. Further, the fluid lubricant of the present invention can also be used as a wire rope lubricant for use in bridges and walkways and as a lubricant for elevators and lifts.
- Samples were prepared with varying percentages of a control agent, a traction component, and performance additives and were analyzed to determine the physical properties of the fluid lubricant.
- AMS and PAO 4 were blended together at a ratio of 20:80 by weight at ambient conditions to form the base fluid. Performance additives were then added to the base fluid and are as follows:
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- VI improver, Crompton Corp, CP80 at 2.00 Wt %
- Friction Modifier, Exxon Mobil®, DIDA at 5.00 Wt %
- Antioxidant, Ciba® LO6 at 0.75 Wt %
- Antiwear agent, Ciba® TPPT at 1.25 Wt %
- Antifoam agent, Ultra additives Foamban 130B at 0.1 Wt %
- The fluid lubricant prepared with the 20:80 ratio of AMS:PAO 4 was analyzed and the below data was collected.
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Properties Results Viscosity at 100° C. 7.4 cSt Viscosity at 40° C. 40.3 cSt Viscosity at −40° C. 13,500 cSt Coefficient of Traction 0.052 Four-ball wear Test 0.45 Evaporation Loss at 155° C./100 hours 4.6 Foam Test seq I 10 ml Oxidation Stability Test, 192 hrs at 170° C. Viscosity Change % 2.8 Total Acid number change 0.23 Copper Corrosion 100° C./24 hours 1A Pour Point Temperature −56° C. - The data above illustrates the characteristics of the present fluid lubricant. Numerous tests were conducted to illustrate the physical properties of the fluid lubricant.
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- 1) The viscosity was determined following current ASTM-D445 standards used to determine viscosity. This method is conducted with a viscometer calibrated to determine the flow time measured in seconds. The kinematic viscosity is calculated by multiplying the viscometer calibration factor and seconds measured and is labeled as cSt.
- 2) The coefficient of traction was determined following standard industry tests. Particularly, the coefficient of traction was determined through an MTM (Mini Traction Machine) and confirmed by a Twin-Disc Machine test.
- 3) The foaming properties of the fluid lubricant were evaluated based on the ASTM D-892 test.
- 4) The four-ball wear test measures the scar diameter on stainless steel balls. The test is based on the standard ASTM D-2266 test. The test is conducted using four stainless steel balls, submerged in the test fluid; three balls at the bottom of the test cell and one on top of these three balls which rotates at a preset speed of 1200 rpm at 75° C. for 1 hour at the pre-selected load of 40 Kg. The balls are then measured for scar diameter with a microscope. The diameter measurement is calculated in millimeters. Low diameter means the lubricant provides better protection with good antiwear performance, larger diameter such as 1.00 mm or over signifies poor antiwear performance.
- 5) The evaporation loss test was conducted according to the standard ASTM D-972 test. The evaporation cell is filled with an amount of test fluid and weighed. Next the evaporation cell is placed in a bath preset at the desired temperature for 24 hours. At the end of the 24-hour time period the test cell is removed, allowed to cool, and weighed. The difference in weight is then calculated.
- 6) The oxidation stability test was conducted according to Federal Test method 3008. Metal coupons such as steel, copper, aluminum, silver, and magnesium are submerged with the test fluid in a cylinder and heated to 170° C. for 192 hours. The oil viscosity and acid number is determined after the test and reported as percent change.
- 7) The copper corrosion test is conducted according to the standard ASTM D130 test. A copper coupon is placed in a test cell that is half filled with the test fluid until it covers the copper coupon. The test cell is next heated for 24 hours at 100° C. The color change of the copper coupon is then recorded based on a color comparator.
- AMS and PAO 4 were blended together at a ratio of 40:60 by weight at ambient conditions to from the base fluid. The performance additives as described in example 1 were then added to the base fluid.
- The fluid lubricant prepared with the 40:60 ratio of AMS:PAO 4 was analyzed and the below data was collected.
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Properties Results Viscosity at 100° C. 7.3 cSt Viscosity at 40° C. 41.3 cSt Viscosity at −40° C. 19,500 cSt Coefficient of Traction 0.075 Four-ball wear Test 0.46 Evaporation Loss at 155° C./100 hours 7.6 Foam Test seq I 15 ml Oxidation Stability Test, 192 hrs at 170° C. Viscosity Change % 4.8 Total Acid number change 0.43 Copper Corrosion 100° C./24 hours 1A Pour Point Temperature −54° C. - Alkylated Naphthalene and PAO 4 were blended together at a ratio of 40:60 by weight at ambient conditions to from the base fluid. The performance additives as described in example 1 were then added to the base fluid.
- The fluid lubricant prepared with the 40:60 ratio of Alkylated Naphthalen:PAO 4 was analyzed and the below data was collected. confirmed by a Twin-Disc Machine test. The data illustrates that the tested coefficient of traction is higher when compared to the pre-calculated coefficient of traction expected for each ratio. Because of the synergistic effect the fluid lubricant of the present invention has a high coefficient of traction and will aide in the transfer of torque in traction gear systems.
- A noise level comparison was evaluated between the present invention fluid lubricant and conventional mineral oil base fluid lubricants such as Chevron ATF. The test evaluated the reduction of noise levels of the present fluid lubricant versus the mineral oil through the use of a Twin-Disc Machine, which was run at 300 psi and 500 psi while the noise levels were recorded with a digital sound level meter. The noise levels of mineral oil averaged 109 dB at 500 psi and 107 dB at 300 psi. Comparatively, the present fluid lubricant produced noise levels of 105 dB at 500 psi and 102 dB at 300 psi. Based on the above data the present fluid lubricant reduces the noise level typically encountered in traction gear systems.
- Foaming characteristics were compared between the present fluid lubricant and conventional mineral oil base fluid lubricants. Equal amounts of the present fluid lubricant and conventional mineral oil base lubricant were compared for foaming characteristics based on a standard ASTM D-892 test. The foaming test is conducted on a 200-ml test sample of the fluid placed in a 1000-ml cylinder. A measured amount of 475 ml of air is then injected into the sample through a porous stone attached to a tube and an airflow meter in five minutes. The foam height is then measured in the fluid. The initial test when conducted at room temperature is called sequence 1, sequence II is the test conducted at 98° C. The same fluid is then re-tested at room temperature following the same procedure to produce sequence III. Both fluid lubricants were then oxidized at 170° C. for 48 hours and re-tested according to the ASTM D-892 test. Foaming measured at a rate of less than 10 ml for the present fluid lubricant formulation. Comparatively, the conventional mineral oil produced a foaming result of 75 ml. Based on the above data the present fluid lubricant exhibits decreased foaming characteristics when compared to conventional mineral oil lubricants.
- Thus, there has been shown and described a fluid lubricant and method for its use that fulfills all objects and advantages sought therefore. The invention illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element which is not specifically disclosed herein. It is apparent to those skilled in the art, however, that many changes, variations, modification, other uses, and applications to the fluid lubricant are possible, and also such changes, variations, modifications, other uses, and application which do not depart from the sprit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention, which is limited only by the claims which follow.
Claims (42)
1. A lubricating composition comprising:
(a) between 5% to 40% by weight a alpha-methyl styrene; and,
(b) between 60% to 95% by weight a polyalphaolefin.
2. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating composition further includes performance additives.
3. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the alpha-methyl styrene is hydrogenated to produce a hydrogenated alpha-methyl styrene.
4. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyalphaolefin is hydrogenated to produce a hydrogenated polyalphaolefin.
5. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated alpha-methyl styrene is a linear dimer.
6. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenated polyalphaolefin is a linear dimer.
7. The lubricating composition of claim 2 , wherein the performance additives are selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and combinations thereof.
8. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the alpha-methyl styrene and polyalphaolefin are uniformly dispersed.
9. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating composition has a foaming rate of less than or equal to 15 ml.
10. The lubricating composition of claim 1 , wherein the combination of the alpha-methyl styrene and polyalphaolefin produces a lubricating composition with a coefficient of traction that is higher than the calculated coefficient of traction.
11. A lubricating composition comprising:
(a) between 5% to 40% by weight a hydrogenated alpha-methyl styrene; and,
(b) between 60% to 95% by weight a hydrogenated polyalphaolefin; and
(c) performance additives.
12. The lubricating composition of claim 11 , wherein the polyalphaolefin is hydrogenated to produce a hydrogenated polyalphaolefin.
13. The lubricating composition of claim 11 , wherein the hydrogenated alpha-methyl styrene is a linear dimer.
14. The lubricating composition of claim 11 , wherein the hydrogenated polyalphaolefin is a linear dimer.
15. The lubricating composition of claim 11 , wherein the performance additives are selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and combinations thereof.
16. The lubricating composition of claim 11 , wherein the alpha-methyl styrene and polyalphaolefin are uniformly dispersed.
17. The lubricating composition of claim 11 , wherein the lubricating composition has a foaming rate of less than or equal to 15 ml.
18. The lubricating composition of claim 11 , wherein the combination of the alpha-methyl styrene and polyalphaolefin produces a lubricating composition with a coefficient of traction that is higher than the calculated coefficient of traction.
19. A lubricating composition comprising:
(a) between 5% to 40% by weight of a traction component; and,
(b) between 60% to 95% by weight of a control agent.
20. The lubricating composition of claim 19 , wherein the lubricating composition further includes performance additives.
21. The lubricating composition of claim 19 , wherein the traction component is selected from the group consisting of alpha-methyl styrene, alkylated naphthalene, and combinations thereof.
22. The lubricating composition of claim 19 , wherein the control agent is selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolefins, paraffinic mineral oils, diisodecyl adipate, diisodecyl phthlates, polyalkylene glycols, and combinations thereof.
23. The lubricating composition of claim 19 , wherein the traction component is hydrogenate.
24. The lubricating composition of claim 19 , wherein the control agent is hydrogenated.
25. The lubricating composition of claim 20 , wherein the performance additives are selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and combinations thereof.
26. The lubricating composition of claim 19 , wherein the traction component and control agent are uniformly dispersed.
27. The lubricating composition of claim 19 , wherein the lubricating composition has a foaming rate of less than or equal to 15 ml.
28. The lubricating composition of claim 19 , wherein the combination of the traction component and control agent produces a lubricating composition with a coefficient of traction that is higher than the calculated coefficient of traction
29. A method for lubricating a mechanical power transmission apparatus, comprising supplying to the apparatus a fluid comprising between 5% and 40% by weight hydrogenated dimers of alpha-methyl styrene and between 60% and 95% by weight polyalphaolefins.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the hydrogenated dimer of alpha-methyl styrene is a linear dimer.
31. The method of claim 29 , wherein the polyalphaolefin is a linear dimer.
32. The method of claim 29 , wherein the fluid comprises at least one additional base fluid component, other than the hydrogenated dimers of alpha-methyl styrene and polyalphaolefins.
33. The method of claim 29 , wherein the fluid further comprises performance additives.
34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the performance additives are selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and combinations thereof.
35. The method of claim 29 , wherein the mechanical power transmission apparatus is selected from the group consisting of a continuous variable transmission apparatus, toroidal, cone, and planetrol type gears, and combinations thereof.
36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the continuous variable transmission apparatus is a belt or chain continuous variable transmission apparatus.
37. A method for lubricating a chain or belt continuous variable transmission, comprising supplying to the transmission a fluid comprising between 5% to 40% by weight hydrogenated linear dimers of alpha-methyl styrene, between 60% to 95% by weight hydrogenated linear polyalphaolefins, and a performance additive selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and combinations thereof.
38. A method for lubricating an apparatus, comprising supplying to the apparatus a fluid comprising between 5% and 40% by weight alpha-methyl styrene and between 60% and 95% by weight polyalphaolefins.
39. The method of claim 38 , wherein the apparatus is selected from the group consisting of high speed canning machines, wire rope bridges and walkways, and elevator and lift machines.
40. The method of claim 38 , wherein the fluid further comprises performance additives.
41. A method of forming a lubricating composition comprising combining alpha-methyl styrene, polyalphaolefins, and performance additives and mixing the alpha-methyl styrene, polyalphaolefins, and performance additives until the components are uniformly dispersed and a fluid lubricant is formed.
42. The method of claim 41 wherein the performance additive is selected from the group consisting of friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metal deactivators, viscosity index improvers, defoamers, and combinations thereof.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/991,589 US20060105926A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2004-11-18 | Fluid lubricant |
PCT/US2005/041907 WO2006055811A2 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2005-11-18 | Fluid lubricant comprising alpha-methyl styrene and polyalphaolefin |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/991,589 US20060105926A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2004-11-18 | Fluid lubricant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060105926A1 true US20060105926A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
Family
ID=36387157
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/991,589 Abandoned US20060105926A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 | 2004-11-18 | Fluid lubricant |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060105926A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006055811A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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CN105950266A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Wide-temperature-range biolubricant for vehicle and preparation method of wide-temperature-range biolubricant |
CN111638026A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-08 | 中铁大桥科学研究院有限公司 | System and method for accurately adjusting reference cable of large-span suspension bridge |
WO2023055979A1 (en) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | Basf Se | Fuel efficient, shear stable axle lubricant |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106978243B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2020-01-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Lubricating oil for elevator traction machine and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
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CN105950266A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-09-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Wide-temperature-range biolubricant for vehicle and preparation method of wide-temperature-range biolubricant |
CN111638026A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-09-08 | 中铁大桥科学研究院有限公司 | System and method for accurately adjusting reference cable of large-span suspension bridge |
CN111638026B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2022-02-01 | 中铁大桥科学研究院有限公司 | System and method for accurately adjusting reference cable of large-span suspension bridge |
WO2023055979A1 (en) * | 2021-10-01 | 2023-04-06 | Basf Se | Fuel efficient, shear stable axle lubricant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2006055811A3 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
WO2006055811A2 (en) | 2006-05-26 |
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