US20060039344A1 - Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic - Google Patents
Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic Download PDFInfo
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- US20060039344A1 US20060039344A1 US10/923,501 US92350104A US2006039344A1 US 20060039344 A1 US20060039344 A1 US 20060039344A1 US 92350104 A US92350104 A US 92350104A US 2006039344 A1 US2006039344 A1 US 2006039344A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
- H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
- H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
- H04L1/1812—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ]
- H04L1/1816—Hybrid protocols; Hybrid automatic repeat request [HARQ] with retransmission of the same, encoded, message
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0064—Concatenated codes
- H04L1/0065—Serial concatenated codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
- H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
- H04L1/0064—Concatenated codes
- H04L1/0066—Parallel concatenated codes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/0078—Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors, e.g. location
- H04L1/0083—Formatting with frames or packets; Protocol or part of protocol for error control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/30—Resource management for broadcast services
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to telecommunications, and more particularly, to wireless communications.
- a scheduler selects a user for transmission at a given time and adaptive modulation and coding is used to select an appropriate transport format (modulation and coding) for current channel conditions seen by the user. Due to errors in channel quality estimates, a relatively high level of frame errors may occur in the transmissions performed at a given rate (transport format). Hybrid ARQ has been employed to recover from transmission errors without significant loss in throughput.
- FIG. 1 An example of hybrid ARQ operation for the 1xEV-DO system is shown in FIG. 1 .
- the hybrid ARQ transmissions use a 4-slot interlacing structure, i.e. the hybrid ARQ retransmissions for an original transmission in slot n happens in slots (n+4), (n+8), and so on.
- a total of 4 interlaces are available for transmission to a single user or for transmissions to different users.
- a new or first data transmission occurs in slot 2 on interlace 2 .
- the transmission is unsuccessfully received and the receiver sends back a negative acknowledgement signal (NACK).
- NACK negative acknowledgement signal
- the NACK indicates to the transmitter that the transmission was not properly received, causing the transmitter to retransmit the same data in slot 6 (again on interlace 2 ).
- the receiver combines the retransmitted data with the previously received first transmission, and based on the two pieces of data, the transmission is successfully decoded. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the process of retransmitting and combining may be repeated until the data is successfully received (early termination, as indicated by an ACK) or a fixed number of attempts have been made. Once the data is properly received, the receiver sends back an acknowledgement signal (ACK). The transmitter then starts another new transmission on interlace 2 in slot 10 . Similarly, the transmissions happens in parallel on other interlaces, such as 1 , 3 and 4 .
- broadcast/multicast data blocks are addressed to more than one receiver or mobile station.
- the data blocks are addressed to all the mobiles in the system, whereas in a multicast transmission, the data blocks are addressed to a subset of mobiles in the system.
- no feedback is required from the mobile stations.
- the data blocks are transmitted on a predetermined number of slots, i.e. there is no early termination due to hybrid ARQ ACK feedback.
- FIG. 2 A stylized representation of a wireless system capable of broadcast data packet transmission is shown in FIG. 2 .
- the broadcast data packet contains information from one or more broadcast streams carrying broadcast programs.
- two layers of channel coding are used to provide robustness against errors.
- the first layer of coding also called outer code is performed using well-known Reed-Solomon code.
- the Reed-Solomon code adds some redundancy to the data.
- the Reed-Solomon coded block is then segmented into smaller data blocks for Turbo coding. A number of subpackets (e.g., SP 1 -SP 3 ) from the same data block are created at the output of the Turbo coding.
- the data block can be recovered from any one of the received subpackets (SP 1 -SP 3 ) as long as the coding rate is smaller than 1.
- Table 1 shows data rates for a 3072 bit data block transmitted within one, two or three slots (subpackets). A subpacket is transmitted within a slot of duration 1.67 ms. The received subpackets at the mobile receiver are used to recover the data block. The data blocks are then reassembled to form the broadcast packet. TABLE I Number of subpackets (slots) transmission Data Rate 1 1843.2 Kb/s 2 921.6 Kb/s 3 614.4 Kb/s
- the broadcast and unicast traffic in the 1xEV-DO system is multiplexed on an interlace-by-interlace basis.
- interlace 1 is used for broadcast traffic.
- the broadcast data block is transmitted in three subpackets (SP 1 , SP 2 and SP 3 ) on three slots i.e. slot # 1 , 5 and 9 from the entire system, i.e., all of the base stations in the system. Therefore, the mobile station can potentially receive and combine signals from multiple base stations.
- the mobile station also combines SP 1 , SP 2 and SP 3 transmissions in order to recover the broadcast data block.
- the SP 2 and SP 3 transmissions contain additional redundancy for broadcast data block recovery.
- the interlace-based multiplexing approach used in the prior art poses problems when different broadcast data rates are used by different base stations in different cells in the system.
- the use of different data rates in different cells may be the case in a system deployment where the cell sizes are different. This, for example, can be the case, for a downtown area surrounded by suburbs and rural areas.
- the cell size in densely populated areas is smaller in order to provide more cell sites to accommodate the larger amounts of traffic.
- the smaller cells deployments can in general support higher data rates because of the smaller path loss due to relatively shorter distance between the base station and the mobile station.
- the larger cells have, in general, larger path loss and therefore cannot support very high data rates.
- An example of cell layout showing three sets of cells is stylistically shown in FIG. 4 .
- a set of 7 center cells is labeled as set A.
- a first and second ring of cells around set A are labeled as set B and set C, respectively.
- FIG. 5 An example of broadcast transmissions at different data rates in different sets of cells is shown in FIG. 5 .
- set A transmits only SP 1 of the broadcast data block, achieving the highest transmission data rate.
- Set B transmits both SP 1 and SP 2 of the broadcast data block therefore achieving half the data rate of set A rate.
- set C achieves one-third rate of set A because the broadcast data block is transmitted in three subpackets.
- SP 2 and SP 3 contain additional redundancy. Therefore, if a transmission can be decoded using a smaller number of subpackets, the achieved information data rate is higher.
- FIG. 6 An example of a broadcast transmission over three interlaces is shown in FIG. 6 .
- Each of the interlaces carries a broadcast data block consisting of one, two or three subpackets.
- sets A, B and C transmit the broadcast data block in one, two and three subpackets, respectively.
- the fourth interlace is used for the unicast traffic.
- set C slots 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 are used for the broadcast traffic while slots 4 , 8 and 12 in interlace # 4 are used for the unicast traffic.
- SPij denoted the jth subpacket from the ith data block.
- SP 21 represents the first subpacket from the second data block.
- the subpackets transmitted from multiple cells at the same time with the same subpacket number can potentially be soft combined at the receiver to assist in decoding the data packet.
- SP 11 , SP 21 and SP 31 are transmitted from all the three sets of cells A-C at the same time, and, therefore, these subpackets received from all the cells are combined at the receiver.
- SP 12 , SP 22 , and SP 32 are transmitted from cell set B and cell set C. Therefore, these subpackets are soft combined from cell set B and cell set C.
- cell set A may potentially be transmitting unicast traffic during slots 5 , 6 and 7 when SP 12 , SP 22 and SP 32 are transmitted from cell set B and cell set C. Therefore, transmissions from cell set A potentially interfere with transmissions from cell set B and cell set C.
- SP 13 , SP 23 , and SP 33 are transmitted from cell set C only. Therefore, these subpackets potentially get interference from both cell set A and cell set B.
- slots 9 , 10 and 11 are not used for broadcast traffic because the broadcast data blocks are transmitted in two subpackets only. Therefore, these free slots can potentially be considered for transmission of other information, such as unicast traffic.
- the unicast traffic uses hybrid ARQ and potentially requires multiple retransmission attempts. For example, if a unicast data block transmission is started in slot# 9 , the retransmission needs to happen in slot# 13 , but slot# 13 belonging to interlace# 1 is reserved for a broadcast data block transmission. Therefore, a retransmission cannot be performed for unicast traffic.
- slots 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 and 11 become available, but like slots 9 , 10 and 11 in cell set B, these slots may not be used for unicast traffic due to restrictions on retransmissions. Thus, these unused slots remain unavailable, and, therefore, the multiplexing approach used in the prior art poses serious restrictions on scheduling and results in system inefficiency.
- the present invention is directed to overcoming, or at least reducing, the effects of, one or more of the problems set forth above.
- a method for coordinating transmissions within a first and second cell.
- the method comprises transforming a first block of broadcast information into first and second subpackets; transmitting the first subpacket within the first and second cells during a first time slot; and transmitting the second subpacket within the second cell during a second time slot.
- a second block of the broadcast information is transformed into third and fourth subpackets, the third subpacket is transmitted within the first and second cells during an n+1 time slot, and the fourth subpacket is transmitted within the second cell during an n+2 time slot.
- a method for receiving broadcast transmissions from a first and second cell. The method comprises receiving a first subpacket from the first and second cells during a first time slot; receiving a second subpacket from the second cell during a second time slot; and combining the first subpackets received from the first and second cells.
- a third subpacket is received from the first and second cells during an n+1 time slot.
- a fourth subpacket is received from the second cell during an n+2 time slot.
- the third subpackets received from the first and second cells are combined.
- a first subpacket of unicast information is received from the first cell during the second time slot, and a retransmission of the first subpacket of unicast information is received from the first cell during the n+2 time slot.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a stylized representation of hybrid ARQ operation for a 1xEV-DO system
- FIG. 2 illustrates a stylized representation of a wireless system capable of broadcast data packet transmission
- FIG. 3 illustrates one scheme for multiplexing broadcast and unicast traffic in the 1xEV-DO system on an interlace-by-interlace basis
- FIG. 4 illustrates an examplary cell layout showing three sets of cells, each transmitting at different rates
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a multiplexing scheme for broadcast transmissions at different data rates in different sets of cells
- FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a broadcast transmission over three interlaces
- FIG. 7 stylistically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a data block transmission according to one aspect of the current invention.
- FIG. 8 stylistically illustrates an alternative exemplary embodiment of a data block transmission according to one aspect of the current invention.
- the present invention presents a new multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast traffic.
- the multiplexing scheme of the instant invention overcomes the scheduling restrictions in the prior art to allow use of HARQ transmissions and retransmissions of unicast data during slots that would otherwise be unused by broadcast operations.
- FIG. 7 One example of data block transmission according to one aspect of the current invention is illustrated in FIG. 7 .
- cell sets A, B and C use data rates of 1843.2, 921.6 and 614.4 Kb/s, respectively. As given in Table 1, these three data rates are achieved by transmitting one, two and three subpackets (slots) for a data block of size 3072 bits. Therefore, cell sets A, B and C transmit one, two and three subpackets (slots), respectively, for each data block.
- the subpackets from a given data block are transmitted contiguously.
- subpacets SP 11 , SP 12 and SP 13 from data block number 1 are transmitted in slot 1 , 2 and 3 respectively from cell set C.
- SP 11 and SP 12 are transmitted from cell set B in slots 1 and 2 , respectively.
- Cell set A transmits only subpacket SP 11 in slot number 1 .
- a receiver that receives the SP 11 subpacket from at least one cell in more than one of the cell sets A, B and C may combine the SP 11 subpackets to correct for transmission errors.
- the SP 12 subpacket may be combined from cell set B and cell set C.
- the same number of soft combinings of the subpackets can be performed as in the prior art scheme; however, the slots not used for broadcast in cells using relatively higher data rates can now be used for unicast traffic without scheduling restrictions. That is, using the illustrated multiplexing scheme allows conventional HARQ transmissions and retransmissions of unicast data during the unused time slots of the higher speed cells.
- the slots 3 , 7 and 11 which belong to interlace 3 , are free from broadcast traffic, and may be used for unicast traffic requiring hybrid ARQ retransmissions. That is, in cell set B, slots 3 , 7 and 11 will always be free for transmissions and retransmissions. In other terms, interlace 3 in cell set B will always be available for unicast traffic.
- interlaces 2 and 3 are both free in cell set A.
- One advantage of the present invention is it makes complete interlaces available rather than some slots within an interlace. In other words, the present invention minimizes the number of interlaces allocated for broadcast traffic in a given set of cells. Unicast traffic can be carried over an interlace without any scheduling and retransmission restrictions because any number of retransmissions can be performed within that interlace. For example, assuming that two retransmissions are permitted, then the first transmission may occur in slot 2 , while the two subsequent retransmissions may occur in slots 6 and 10 .
- the first transmission may occur in slot 2
- the first two subsequent retransmissions may occur in slots 6 and 10
- the third retransmission may take place in slot 14 . In this manner, any number of retransmissions may be permitted.
- the subpackets received from multiple cells can be combined in any of a variety of ways.
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- the received signal from each of the RAKE fingers may be combined.
- a RAKE finger may be used to track and demodulate a signal received from one cell. Therefore, the number of available RAKE fingers limits the maximum number of cells from which the subpackets can be combined.
- An equalizer can also be employed for decoding signals received from multiple cells.
- cell set C requires only two interlaces for transmission at the lowest data rate of 614.4 Kb/s.
- the subpackets SP 11 and SP 12 are transmitted contiguously in slots 1 and 2 in cell set C.
- the third subpacket from the first block, i.e., SP 13 is transmitted subsequently in slot 6 .
- the first subpacket from the second data block SP 21 is transmitted in slot 5 . Therefore, the third subpacket from the first data block SP 13 is transmitted after first subpacket from the second data block SP 21 , i.e., an out-of-order transmission of subpackets.
- This out-of-order transmission allows combining of SP 21 across cell sets A, B and C while requiring only one interlace for broadcast traffic in cell set A.
- two interlaces would have been blocked by the broadcast traffic in the whole system (cell set A, B and C).
- the number of soft combinings allowed by the present invention is the same as in the prior art
- control units may include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a processor card (including one or more microprocessors or controllers), or other control or computing devices as well as executable instructions contained within one or more storage devices.
- the storage devices may include one or more machine-readable storage media for storing data and instructions.
- the storage media may include different forms of memory including semiconductor memory devices such as dynamic or static random access memories (DRAMs or SRAMs), erasable and programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable and programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) and flash memories; magnetic disks such as fixed, floppy, removable disks; other magnetic media including tape; and optical media such as compact disks (CDs) or digital video disks (DVDs).
- DRAMs or SRAMs dynamic or static random access memories
- EPROMs erasable and programmable read-only memories
- EEPROMs electrically erasable and programmable read-only memories
- flash memories such as fixed, floppy, removable disks
- CDs compact disks
- DVDs digital video disks
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Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/923,501 US20060039344A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2004-08-20 | Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic |
DE602005013328T DE602005013328D1 (de) | 2004-08-20 | 2005-08-18 | Multiplexierungsschema für Unicast- und Broadcast/Multicast -Verkehr |
EP05255121A EP1628432B1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2005-08-18 | A multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic |
JP2005238369A JP2006060822A (ja) | 2004-08-20 | 2005-08-19 | ユニキャストおよびブロードキャスト/マルチキャスト・トラフィックのための多重化方式 |
CNA2005100926453A CN1738233A (zh) | 2004-08-20 | 2005-08-19 | 单播和广播/多播业务的多路复用方案 |
KR1020050076439A KR20060053180A (ko) | 2004-08-20 | 2005-08-19 | 유니캐스트 및 방송/멀티캐스트 트래픽용 다중 송신 방법 |
US11/906,309 US7577128B2 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2007-10-01 | Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US10/923,501 US20060039344A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2004-08-20 | Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic |
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US11/906,309 Continuation US7577128B2 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2007-10-01 | Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic |
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US20060039344A1 true US20060039344A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
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US10/923,501 Abandoned US20060039344A1 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2004-08-20 | Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic |
US11/906,309 Active US7577128B2 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2007-10-01 | Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic |
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US11/906,309 Active US7577128B2 (en) | 2004-08-20 | 2007-10-01 | Multiplexing scheme for unicast and broadcast/multicast traffic |
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US (2) | US20060039344A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1628432B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2006060822A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR20060053180A (ko) |
CN (1) | CN1738233A (ko) |
DE (1) | DE602005013328D1 (ko) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20080095140A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
JP2006060822A (ja) | 2006-03-02 |
EP1628432B1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
DE602005013328D1 (de) | 2009-04-30 |
CN1738233A (zh) | 2006-02-22 |
KR20060053180A (ko) | 2006-05-19 |
US7577128B2 (en) | 2009-08-18 |
EP1628432A1 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
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