US20060011561A1 - Mobile filtration system and method - Google Patents
Mobile filtration system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20060011561A1 US20060011561A1 US11/176,219 US17621905A US2006011561A1 US 20060011561 A1 US20060011561 A1 US 20060011561A1 US 17621905 A US17621905 A US 17621905A US 2006011561 A1 US2006011561 A1 US 2006011561A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filtering
- floor
- wall
- panel
- liquid
- Prior art date
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 217
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/13—Supported filter elements
- B01D29/23—Supported filter elements arranged for outward flow filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
- B01D29/31—Self-supporting filtering elements
- B01D29/35—Self-supporting filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
- B01D2201/26—Transport systems for filtering devices
- B01D2201/265—Transport systems for filtering devices mounted on vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to filtration systems, particularly to such systems using gravitational drainage to filter at least one target solid from a liquid for separate disposal or recovery.
- waste material in the form of a sludge which is composed of a liquid and at least one solid that must be separated for disposal or recovery of the components.
- waste material include waste from animal or vegetal agri-food industries, manure, industrial sludge from fabrication processes of various products, used water, wet contaminated soil, etc.
- the liquid is separated from the solid using a filter which will retain the solid and let the liquid pass through.
- the fluid can be drawn through the filter either by gravity or by the use of a vacuum produced by a pump.
- a filtration system for separating at least one target solid from a liquid
- the filtration system comprising a floor panel, a plurality of wall panels, the wall panels being connected to each other and to the floor panel to define a box, at least one filtering wall inclined with respect to a vertical plane such that a bottom edge thereof is located inward of a top edge thereof, the at least one filtering wall being supported inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels such as to define a first free space therebetween, a filtering floor inclined with respect to a horizontal plane along a first direction and supported above the floor panel such as to define a second free space therebetween, the filtering floor being connected to the at least one filtering wall to define a filter chamber, a plurality of openings defined in the at least one filtering wall and the filtering floor, the plurality of openings being sized to let the liquid pass through and retain the at least one target solid within the filter chamber, an inlet in fluid communication with the filter chamber, and an outlet
- a method of filtering at least one target solid from a liquid comprising the steps of providing a box having a floor panel and a plurality of wall panels, determining the nature of the liquid and target solid, selecting a filtering floor according to the nature of the liquid and target solid, installing the filtering floor above the floor panel such as to define a first free space therebetween, selecting an inclination angle for at least one filtering wall according to the nature of the liquid and target solid, installing the filtering wall inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels and at the selected inclination angle such as to define a second free space therebetween, connecting the filtering wall to the filtering floor to define a filter chamber, and pouring the liquid and target solid in the filter chamber so that the target solid is retained therein while the liquid passes through at least one of the filtering floor and filtering wall to be collected in at least one of the first and second free spaces.
- a filtration system to filter a sludge comprising a box having impermeable bottom and side walls to form a container, at least a first filtration panel spaced from the bottom wall and defining a first plenum therebetween, the first filtration panel having a slope relative to a horizontal plane in a predetermined direction, at least a second filtration panel spaced from one of the side walls and defining a second plenum therebetween, the second filtration panel having an inward slope relative to a vertical plane, the first and second filtration panels being such as to permit a liquid from the sludge to pass through to the respective plenums while retaining a least one solid from the sludge above the filtration panels, and means for draining the liquid from the first and second plenums.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a filtration system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a side view, in cross-section, of the filtration system of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a front view, in cross-section, of the filtration system of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a first alternative embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a second alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a third alternative embodiment of the present invention.
- the filtration system 10 comprises a box 12 receiving therein a filtering assembly 14 .
- the box 12 includes a floor panel 16 , a front wall panel 18 , two side wall panels 20 , a rear wall panel 22 and two top wall panel portions 24 .
- the wall panels 18 , 20 , 22 , top panels portions 24 and floor panel 16 are rectangular and interconnected to define a sealed enclosure 26 having a partially open top.
- the wall panels 18 , 20 , 22 extend perpendicularly to the floor panel 16 and to the top wall panel portions 24 .
- the box 12 is preferably a truck box of a roll-off type, such as to be carried by a truck.
- the box 12 can be a trailer such as to be directly towed by a vehicle.
- the rear wall panel 22 is connected to the rear top wall panel portion 24 through hinges 27 such as to be openable to facilitate cleaning of the enclosure 26 and filtering assembly 14 .
- the rear wall panel 22 is maintained in a sealed closed position by a plurality of locks 29 engaging the side wall panels 20 and floor panel 16 .
- the rear wall panel 22 can be hingedly connected to one of the side wall panels 20 or to the floor panel 16 , or be completely removable.
- the rear wall panel 22 includes at least one and preferably two to four outlets 28 along a bottom part thereof, the outlets 28 being alternatively opened and closed by appropriate means such as valves or removable caps.
- the partially open top acts as an inlet to the box 12 .
- the box 12 can have a closed top with an inlet, such as a pipe, incorporated therein.
- the floor and wall panels 16 , 18 , 20 , 22 , 24 of the box 12 are preferably made of metal such as steel or aluminium.
- the filtering assembly comprises a filtering floor 30 , a front filtering wall 32 , and two side filtering walls 34 .
- the filtering walls 32 , 34 are preferably rectangular.
- the filtering floor 30 has a front edge 36 connected to the front filtering wall 32 , side edges 40 that are each connected to a respective one of the side filtering walls 34 , and a rear edge 38 sealingly engaged to the rear wall panel 20 .
- the filtering walls 32 , 34 are connected to each other and the side filtering walls 34 each have a rear edge 42 sealingly engaged to the rear wall panel 20 .
- a filter chamber 44 is defined by the filtering walls 32 , 34 , the filtering floor 30 and the rear wall panel 20 .
- the filtering floor 30 includes two vertically inclined filtering panels 46 , each having a bottom edge forming one of the side edges 40 of the filtering floor 30 .
- the filtering panels 46 are inclined toward each other with top edges thereof connected by a filtering strip 48 . It is also contemplated to have the top edges of the filtering panels 46 directly connected to each other.
- the filtering floor 30 is supported above the floor panel 16 , such as by metal channels, to define a first free space 50 , or plenum, under the filter chamber 44 , between the filtering floor 30 and floor panel 16 .
- the first free space 50 is in fluid communication with the outlets 28 defined in the rear wall panel 22 .
- the filtering floor 30 is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane (shown in broken lines) to improve filtration by minimizing stagnation of solid waste on the filtering floor 30 .
- the front edge is 36 preferably higher than the rear edge 38 to facilitate cleaning of the filter chamber 44 through the open rear wall panel 22 .
- a preferred inclination is represented by a height difference between the front edge 36 and the rear edge 38 of between 19.05 and 50.8 millimeters (3 ⁇ 4 inch and 2 inches, respectively), for a filtering floor having a length of 8.5 meters (28 feet).
- each of the side filtering walls 34 extends inward of a respective one of the side wall panels 20 such as to define a second free space 52 , or plenum, therebetween.
- the side filtering walls 34 are vertically inclined, with a bottom edge 54 thereof located inward of a top edge 56 thereof. Preferably, the top edge 56 is connected to the corresponding side wall panel 20 .
- a preferred inclination is represented by the filtering side wall 34 forming an angle of about 10 degrees with the vertical side wall panel 20 .
- the front filtering wall 32 similarly extends inward of the front wall panel 18 in a vertically inclined position, the second free space 52 thus being defined around the front and sides of the filter chamber 44 .
- the second free space 52 is in fluid communication with the outlets 28 through the first free space 50 .
- the filtering floor and walls 30 , 32 , 34 are preferably made of an outer structural frame 58 (see FIG. l) supporting a wire mesh 60 (see FIG. 3 ) which, in turn, supports a filtering membrane 62 (see FIG. 3 ) forming the inner surface of the filter chamber 44 .
- the structural frame 58 is preferably composed of metal channels.
- the wire mesh 60 is preferably metallic, with openings having a size between 6.35 and 25.4 millimeters (1 ⁇ 4 and 1 inch). Preferred metals for the structural frame 58 and wire mesh 60 are stainless steel and aluminium.
- the filtering membrane 62 is preferably made of TextileneTM, with openings having a diameter between 0.1 to 1 millimeter.
- the structural frame 58 , wire mesh 60 and filtering membrane 62 are interconnected through means well known in the art, one example being the use of flat metal strips 64 (see FIG. 3 ) placed over the membrane 62 and screwed into the frame 58 such as to sandwich the membrane 62 and mesh 60 therebetween.
- a mix of a liquid and at least one solid is poured into the filter chamber 44 through the inlet or partially open top of the box 12 .
- the liquid passes through the filtering membrane 62 of the filtering floor and walls 30 , 32 , 34 to reach the first and second free spaces 50 , 52 .
- the liquid accumulates in the bottom of the box 12 , in the first free space 50 , and is removed from the box 12 through the outlets 28 .
- the solid is retained by the filtering membrane 62 within the filter chamber 44 where it is accumulated.
- the angle of the filtering floor 30 with respect to the horizontal minimizes stagnation of the solid waste, thereby reducing clogging of the membrane 62 and improving the flow of liquid therethrough.
- the angle of the filtering walls 34 with respect to the vertical increases the filtering efficiency by allowing the use of gravity to force the liquid therethrough, instead of relying mainly on capillary action.
- the box 12 can be appropriately mounted on a truck (not shown) to be moved to a dump site, where the solid can be removed from the filter chamber 44 through the open rear wall panel 22 .
- the cleaning process can be facilitated if the truck has means to incline the box 12 by elevating a front end thereof, as is well known in the art.
- the filtering system 10 is adapted to filter a variety of materials, preferable uses therefor include the filtration of waste from animal agri-food industries and wet contaminated soil.
- FIGS. 4-6 three alternative embodiments of the present invention are shown. Most of the elements of these alternative filtration systems are similar to the elements of the filtration system 10 of FIGS. 1-3 , and as such are represented by the same reference numerals. The difference between the alternative filtration systems and the first filtration system 10 resides in the shape of the filtering floor.
- the filtering floor 130 of the first alternative filtration system 110 is composed of a single filtering panel 146 which is semi-circular in shape.
- the filtering panel 146 is curved so that its lowest points are located along the side edges 140 of the filtering floor 130 .
- This embodiment is preferably used for filtering waste such as pig manure or industrial sludge.
- the filtering floor 230 of the second alternative filtration system 210 is composed of a single filtering panel 246 which is flat. This embodiment is preferably used for rapid filtration processes, such as the filtration of used water or waste from vegetal agri-food industries.
- the filtering floor 330 of the third alternative filtration system 310 is composed of two flat filtering panels 346 , each flat filtering panel 346 having one longitudinal edge forming the side edge 340 of the filtering floor 330 and another longitudinal edge connected to a vertically inclined filtering panel 347 .
- the inclined filtering panels 347 are inclined toward each other with top edges thereof connected by a filtering strip 348 . It is also considered to have the top edges of the inclined filtering panels 347 directly connected to each other.
- the first free space 350 extends under the filtering floor 330 and between the filtering panels 347 .
- This embodiment is preferably also used for rapid filtration processes such as the filtration of used water or waste from vegetal agri-food industries, and for slower filtration processes such as the filtration of waste from animal agri-food industries.
- the filtering floors 130 , 230 , 330 are preferably composed of an outer structural frame supporting a wire mesh supporting a filtering membrane. Also like the filtering floor 30 , the filtering floors 130 , 230 , 330 are supported above the floor panel 16 such as to define a first free space therebetween, and are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.
- the type of filtering floor and the inclination of the filtering walls 32 , 34 are thus selected according to the nature of the material to be filtered. For materials that are more difficult or slower to filter (e.g. materials with a high grease content, a high density, etc), the selected inclination of the filtering walls 32 , 34 will be more pronounced, such as to have a greater portion of the gravitational force perpendicular to the filtering wall 32 , 34 forcing the liquid therethrough.
- a filtering floor such as shown in FIGS. 3-4 is also preferred for such materials that are more difficult to filter.
- the proper combination of floor type and wall inclination can be determined by testing with a sample of the material to be filtered.
- Adapting the inclination of the filtering walls and the type of filtering floor to the material to be filtered allows for a same filtering membrane to be used for different materials, i.e. the size of the filter openings in the filtering walls can be kept constant. This allows for standard filtering wall panels to be manufactured, a specific filtration system being assembled for a specific material to be filtered by choosing the appropriate type of filtering floor and inclination angle of the filtering walls.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
A filtration system comprising a floor panel and a plurality of wall panels connected to each other to define a box, at least one filtering wall vertically inclined and supported inward of a corresponding wall panel such as to define a first free space therebetween, a filtering floor horizontally inclined and supported above the floor panel such as to define a second free space therebetween, the filtering floor being connected to the filtering wall to define a filter chamber, a plurality of openings defined in the filtering wall and the filtering floor sized to let a liquid pass through and retain at least one target solid within the filter chamber, an inlet in fluid communication with the filter chamber, and an outlet in fluid communication with the first and second free spaces. A method of filtering at least one target solid from a liquid is also provided.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to filtration systems, particularly to such systems using gravitational drainage to filter at least one target solid from a liquid for separate disposal or recovery.
- 2. Background Art
- Numerous industrial processes produce waste material in the form of a sludge which is composed of a liquid and at least one solid that must be separated for disposal or recovery of the components. Examples of such waste material include waste from animal or vegetal agri-food industries, manure, industrial sludge from fabrication processes of various products, used water, wet contaminated soil, etc. Typically, the liquid is separated from the solid using a filter which will retain the solid and let the liquid pass through. Generally, the fluid can be drawn through the filter either by gravity or by the use of a vacuum produced by a pump.
- There exists a number of filter assemblies located within a mobile box, with a free space in the box around the filter assembly for receiving the liquid, such as is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,929,353 and 6,004,461, both to Harris, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,258,268 to Lake. Although such assemblies rely on gravity to extract the liquid from the sludge through the filter bed, the side filters, which are vertical, rely mainly on capillary action to force the liquid therethrough, which is slower and less efficient.
- In addition, the systems presented in these patents usually require the change of filter material and/or mesh size when the nature of the material to be filtered is changed, thus preventing the manufacture of standard filter panels than can be employed with a variety of materials to be filtered.
- Accordingly, there is a need for a mobile gravitational filtration system with increased efficiency, which can use standard filter panels for a variety of materials to be filtered.
- It is therefore an aim of the present invention to provide a gravitational filtration system having an increased efficiency.
- It is another aim of the present invention to provide a filtration system with filtering walls using gravity to separate a liquid from at least one target solid.
- It is a further aim of the present invention to provide a filtration system comprising standard filtration panels adapted for a variety of materials to be filtered.
- Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a filtration system for separating at least one target solid from a liquid, the filtration system comprising a floor panel, a plurality of wall panels, the wall panels being connected to each other and to the floor panel to define a box, at least one filtering wall inclined with respect to a vertical plane such that a bottom edge thereof is located inward of a top edge thereof, the at least one filtering wall being supported inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels such as to define a first free space therebetween, a filtering floor inclined with respect to a horizontal plane along a first direction and supported above the floor panel such as to define a second free space therebetween, the filtering floor being connected to the at least one filtering wall to define a filter chamber, a plurality of openings defined in the at least one filtering wall and the filtering floor, the plurality of openings being sized to let the liquid pass through and retain the at least one target solid within the filter chamber, an inlet in fluid communication with the filter chamber, and an outlet in fluid communication with the first and second free spaces, whereby the liquid and the at least one target solid enter the filter chamber through the inlet in a mixed state, the at least one target solid being retained within the filter chamber while the liquid reaches the first and second free spaces through the plurality of openings before being evacuated through the outlet.
- Also in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method of filtering at least one target solid from a liquid comprising the steps of providing a box having a floor panel and a plurality of wall panels, determining the nature of the liquid and target solid, selecting a filtering floor according to the nature of the liquid and target solid, installing the filtering floor above the floor panel such as to define a first free space therebetween, selecting an inclination angle for at least one filtering wall according to the nature of the liquid and target solid, installing the filtering wall inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels and at the selected inclination angle such as to define a second free space therebetween, connecting the filtering wall to the filtering floor to define a filter chamber, and pouring the liquid and target solid in the filter chamber so that the target solid is retained therein while the liquid passes through at least one of the filtering floor and filtering wall to be collected in at least one of the first and second free spaces.
- Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a filtration system to filter a sludge, the filtration system comprising a box having impermeable bottom and side walls to form a container, at least a first filtration panel spaced from the bottom wall and defining a first plenum therebetween, the first filtration panel having a slope relative to a horizontal plane in a predetermined direction, at least a second filtration panel spaced from one of the side walls and defining a second plenum therebetween, the second filtration panel having an inward slope relative to a vertical plane, the first and second filtration panels being such as to permit a liquid from the sludge to pass through to the respective plenums while retaining a least one solid from the sludge above the filtration panels, and means for draining the liquid from the first and second plenums.
- Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing by way of illustration a preferred embodiment of the present invention and in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a filtration system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a side view, in cross-section, of the filtration system ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a front view, in cross-section, of the filtration system ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a first alternative embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a second alternative embodiment of the present invention; and -
FIG. 6 is a front view, in cross-section, of a filtration system according to a third alternative embodiment of the present invention. - Referring now to
FIGS. 1-3 , afiltration system 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown. Thefiltration system 10 comprises abox 12 receiving therein afiltering assembly 14. - The
box 12 includes afloor panel 16, afront wall panel 18, twoside wall panels 20, arear wall panel 22 and two topwall panel portions 24. Thewall panels top panels portions 24 andfloor panel 16 are rectangular and interconnected to define a sealedenclosure 26 having a partially open top. Preferably, thewall panels floor panel 16 and to the topwall panel portions 24. - The
box 12 is preferably a truck box of a roll-off type, such as to be carried by a truck. Alternatively, thebox 12 can be a trailer such as to be directly towed by a vehicle. Therear wall panel 22 is connected to the rear topwall panel portion 24 throughhinges 27 such as to be openable to facilitate cleaning of theenclosure 26 andfiltering assembly 14. Therear wall panel 22 is maintained in a sealed closed position by a plurality oflocks 29 engaging theside wall panels 20 andfloor panel 16. Alternatively, therear wall panel 22 can be hingedly connected to one of theside wall panels 20 or to thefloor panel 16, or be completely removable. - The
rear wall panel 22 includes at least one and preferably two to fouroutlets 28 along a bottom part thereof, theoutlets 28 being alternatively opened and closed by appropriate means such as valves or removable caps. The partially open top acts as an inlet to thebox 12. Alternatively, thebox 12 can have a closed top with an inlet, such as a pipe, incorporated therein. - The floor and
wall panels box 12 are preferably made of metal such as steel or aluminium. - The filtering assembly comprises a filtering
floor 30, afront filtering wall 32, and twoside filtering walls 34. Thefiltering walls floor 30 has afront edge 36 connected to thefront filtering wall 32,side edges 40 that are each connected to a respective one of theside filtering walls 34, and arear edge 38 sealingly engaged to therear wall panel 20. The filteringwalls walls 34 each have arear edge 42 sealingly engaged to therear wall panel 20. Thus, afilter chamber 44 is defined by the filteringwalls floor 30 and therear wall panel 20. It is also contemplated to provide a rear filtering wall similar to thefront filtering wall 32 or to use fewer filtering walls, e.g. omitting thefront filtering wall 32 and sealingly engaging a front edge of each of theside filtering walls 34 to thefront wall panel 18. - As can be best seen in
FIG. 3 , the filteringfloor 30 includes two verticallyinclined filtering panels 46, each having a bottom edge forming one of theside edges 40 of the filteringfloor 30. Thefiltering panels 46 are inclined toward each other with top edges thereof connected by afiltering strip 48. It is also contemplated to have the top edges of thefiltering panels 46 directly connected to each other. - The filtering
floor 30 is supported above thefloor panel 16, such as by metal channels, to define a firstfree space 50, or plenum, under thefilter chamber 44, between the filteringfloor 30 andfloor panel 16. The firstfree space 50 is in fluid communication with theoutlets 28 defined in therear wall panel 22. As can be best seen inFIG. 2 , the filteringfloor 30 is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane (shown in broken lines) to improve filtration by minimizing stagnation of solid waste on the filteringfloor 30. The front edge is 36 preferably higher than therear edge 38 to facilitate cleaning of thefilter chamber 44 through the openrear wall panel 22. A preferred inclination is represented by a height difference between thefront edge 36 and therear edge 38 of between 19.05 and 50.8 millimeters (¾ inch and 2 inches, respectively), for a filtering floor having a length of 8.5 meters (28 feet). - Referring to
FIG. 3 , each of the side filteringwalls 34 extends inward of a respective one of theside wall panels 20 such as to define a secondfree space 52, or plenum, therebetween. The side filteringwalls 34 are vertically inclined, with abottom edge 54 thereof located inward of atop edge 56 thereof. Preferably, thetop edge 56 is connected to the correspondingside wall panel 20. A preferred inclination is represented by the filteringside wall 34 forming an angle of about 10 degrees with the verticalside wall panel 20. As seen inFIG. 2 , thefront filtering wall 32 similarly extends inward of thefront wall panel 18 in a vertically inclined position, the secondfree space 52 thus being defined around the front and sides of thefilter chamber 44. The secondfree space 52 is in fluid communication with theoutlets 28 through the firstfree space 50. - The filtering floor and
walls FIG. 3 ) which, in turn, supports a filtering membrane 62 (seeFIG. 3 ) forming the inner surface of thefilter chamber 44. Thestructural frame 58 is preferably composed of metal channels. Thewire mesh 60 is preferably metallic, with openings having a size between 6.35 and 25.4 millimeters (¼ and 1 inch). Preferred metals for thestructural frame 58 andwire mesh 60 are stainless steel and aluminium. Thefiltering membrane 62 is preferably made of Textilene™, with openings having a diameter between 0.1 to 1 millimeter. Thestructural frame 58,wire mesh 60 andfiltering membrane 62 are interconnected through means well known in the art, one example being the use of flat metal strips 64 (seeFIG. 3 ) placed over themembrane 62 and screwed into theframe 58 such as to sandwich themembrane 62 andmesh 60 therebetween. - In operation, and with the
rear wall panel 22 closed, a mix of a liquid and at least one solid is poured into thefilter chamber 44 through the inlet or partially open top of thebox 12. Under the action of gravity, the liquid passes through thefiltering membrane 62 of the filtering floor andwalls free spaces box 12, in the firstfree space 50, and is removed from thebox 12 through theoutlets 28. The solid is retained by thefiltering membrane 62 within thefilter chamber 44 where it is accumulated. As stated above, the angle of thefiltering floor 30 with respect to the horizontal minimizes stagnation of the solid waste, thereby reducing clogging of themembrane 62 and improving the flow of liquid therethrough. The angle of thefiltering walls 34 with respect to the vertical increases the filtering efficiency by allowing the use of gravity to force the liquid therethrough, instead of relying mainly on capillary action. - When the
filter chamber 44 is full of solid waste, and the liquid has been removed through theoutlets 28, thebox 12 can be appropriately mounted on a truck (not shown) to be moved to a dump site, where the solid can be removed from thefilter chamber 44 through the openrear wall panel 22. The cleaning process can be facilitated if the truck has means to incline thebox 12 by elevating a front end thereof, as is well known in the art. - Applicants have found that although the
filtering system 10 is adapted to filter a variety of materials, preferable uses therefor include the filtration of waste from animal agri-food industries and wet contaminated soil. - Now referring to
FIGS. 4-6 , three alternative embodiments of the present invention are shown. Most of the elements of these alternative filtration systems are similar to the elements of thefiltration system 10 ofFIGS. 1-3 , and as such are represented by the same reference numerals. The difference between the alternative filtration systems and thefirst filtration system 10 resides in the shape of the filtering floor. - Referring to
FIG. 4 , thefiltering floor 130 of the firstalternative filtration system 110 is composed of asingle filtering panel 146 which is semi-circular in shape. Thefiltering panel 146 is curved so that its lowest points are located along the side edges 140 of thefiltering floor 130. This embodiment is preferably used for filtering waste such as pig manure or industrial sludge. - Referring to
FIG. 5 , thefiltering floor 230 of the secondalternative filtration system 210 is composed of asingle filtering panel 246 which is flat. This embodiment is preferably used for rapid filtration processes, such as the filtration of used water or waste from vegetal agri-food industries. - Referring to
FIG. 6 , thefiltering floor 330 of the thirdalternative filtration system 310 is composed of twoflat filtering panels 346, eachflat filtering panel 346 having one longitudinal edge forming theside edge 340 of thefiltering floor 330 and another longitudinal edge connected to a verticallyinclined filtering panel 347. Theinclined filtering panels 347 are inclined toward each other with top edges thereof connected by afiltering strip 348. It is also considered to have the top edges of theinclined filtering panels 347 directly connected to each other. The firstfree space 350 extends under thefiltering floor 330 and between the filteringpanels 347. This embodiment is preferably also used for rapid filtration processes such as the filtration of used water or waste from vegetal agri-food industries, and for slower filtration processes such as the filtration of waste from animal agri-food industries. - All of these
alternative embodiments filtration system 10. Like thefiltering floor 30, the filteringfloors filtering floor 30, the filteringfloors floor panel 16 such as to define a first free space therebetween, and are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane. - Before installation within the
box 12, the type of filtering floor and the inclination of thefiltering walls filtering walls filtering wall FIGS. 3-4 is also preferred for such materials that are more difficult to filter. The proper combination of floor type and wall inclination can be determined by testing with a sample of the material to be filtered. - Adapting the inclination of the filtering walls and the type of filtering floor to the material to be filtered allows for a same filtering membrane to be used for different materials, i.e. the size of the filter openings in the filtering walls can be kept constant. This allows for standard filtering wall panels to be manufactured, a specific filtration system being assembled for a specific material to be filtered by choosing the appropriate type of filtering floor and inclination angle of the filtering walls.
- The embodiments of the invention described above are intended to be exemplary. Those skilled in the art will therefore appreciate that the foregoing description is illustrative only, and that various alternatives and modifications can be devised without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (23)
1. A filtration system for separating at least one target solid from a liquid the filtration system comprising:
a floor panel;
a plurality of wall panels, the wall panels being connected to each other and to the floor panel to define a box;
at least one filtering wall inclined with respect to a vertical plane such that a bottom edge thereof is located inward of a top edge thereof, the at least one filtering wall being supported inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels such as to define a first free space therebetween;
a filtering floor inclined with respect to a horizontal plane along a first direction and supported above tb-; floor panel such as to define a second free space therebetween, the filtering floor being connected to the at least one filtering wall to define a filter chamber;
a plurality of openings defined in the at least one filtering wall and the filtering floor, the plurality of openings being sized to let the liquid pass through and retain the at least one target solid within the filter chamber;
an inlet in fluid communication with the filter chamber; and
an outlet in fluid communication with the first and second free spaces;
whereby the liquid and the at least one target solid enter the filter chamber through the inlet in a mixed state, the at least one target solid being retained within the filter chamber while the liquid reaches the first and second free spaces through the plurality of openings before being evacuated through the outlet.
2. The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the inclination of the at least one filtering wall with respect to the vertical plane is selected according to the nature of the liquid and the at least one target solid to be filtered.
3. The filtration system according to claim 1 , wherein the filtering floor has a convex semi-circular cross section di,fined between two bottom edges extending along the first direction.
4. The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the filtering floor includes first and second panels having parallel top and bottom edges extending along the first direction, the first and second panels being inclined with respect 10 the vertical plane such that the bottom edges extend farther apart from each other than the top edges.
5. The filtering system according to claim 4 , wherein the top edges are connected together by a third panel.
6. The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the filtering floor includes a flat panel.
7. The filtering system according to claim 1 , further including a filtering partition extending upward from the: filtering floor along the first direction, the filtering partition including a third free space therewithin in fluid communication with the outlet, he filtering partition including a second plurality of openings sized such as to let the liquid pass into the third free space and retain the at least one target solid.
8. The filtering system according to claim 7 , wherein the filtering partition includes first and second panels having parallel top and bottom edges extending along the first direction, the first and second panels being inclined with respect to the vertical plane such that the bottom edges extend farther apart from each other than the top edges.
9. The filtering system according to claim 8 , wherein the top edges are connected together by a third panel.
10. The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of wall panels include a front wall panel, a rear wall panel and first and second side panels, and wherein the at least one filtering wall includes a front filtering wall supported inward of the front wall panel and first and second side filtering walls respectively supported inward of the first and second wall panels, the first and second side filtering walls and the filtering floor each having an edge sealingly engaged to the rear wall.
11. The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of openings are circular and have a diameter between 0.1 and 1 millimeters.
12. The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the box is transportable by a truck.
13 The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one filtering wall and the filtering floor include a channel structure supporting a wire mesh, the wire mesh supporting a filtering material including the plurality of openings.
14. The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid is water.
15. The filtering system according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid and at least one target solid form a mix selected from the group composed of manure, waste from an agri-food industry, industrial sludge, used water, and wet contaminated soil.
16. A method of filtering at least one target solid from a liquid comprising the steps of:
providing a box having a floor panel and a plurality of wall panels;
determining the nature of the liquid and target solid;
selecting a filtering floor according to the nature of the liquid and target solid;
installing the filtering floor above the floor panel such as to define a first free space therebetween;
selecting an inclination angle for at least one filtering wall according to the nature of the liquid and target solid;
installing the filtering wall inward of a corresponding one of the wall panels and at the selected inclination angle such as to define a second free space therebetween;
connecting the filtering wall to the filtering floor to define a filter chamber; and
pouring the liquid and target solid in the filter chamber so that the target solid is retained therein while the liquid passes through at least one of the filtering floor and filtering wall to be collected in at least one of the first and second free spaces.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the filtering floor is installed above the floor panel to be inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.
18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the filtering floor is selected from the group composed of a convex semi-circular panel, an assembly of first and second panels inclined with respect to the vertical plane and toward each other, a flat panel, and two flat panels connected by a central filtering partition.
19. A filtration system to filter a sludge, the filtration system comprising:
a box having impermeable bottom and side walls to form a container;
at least a first filtration panel spaced from thc bottom wall and defining a first plenum therebetween, the first filtration panel having a slope relative to a horizontal plane in a predetermined direction;
at least a second filtration panel spaced from one of the side walls and defining a second plenum therebetween, the second filtration panel having an inward slope relative to a vertical plane, the first and second filtration panels being such as to permit a liquid from the sludge to pass through to the respective plenums while retaining a least one solid from the sludge above the filtration panels; and
means for draining the liquid from the first and second plenums.
20. The filtering system according to claim 19 , wherein the inward slope of the second filtering panel is selected according to the nature of the sludge.
21. The filtration system according to claims 19, wherein the first filtration panel has a convex semi-circular cross section.
22. The filtering system according to claim 19 , wherein the first filtration panel has an outward slope relative to the vertical plane and is connected to an opposed third filtration panel to defined a filtering floor, the filtering floor having a vertical plane of symmetry extending along the predetermined direction.
23. The filtering system according to claim 19 , wherein the sludge is selected from the group composed of manure, chaste from an agri-food industry, industrial sludge, used water, and wet contaminated soil
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US20070034578A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
US7410576B2 (en) | 2008-08-12 |
CA2511691A1 (en) | 2006-01-08 |
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