MXPA97004747A

MXPA97004747A - Device and procedure for the purification of liquids, in particular, of extinction water contamination

Info

Publication number: MXPA97004747A
Application number: MXPA/A/1997/004747A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Simon Christian
Original assignee: Itu Ingenieurgemeinschaft Technischer Umweltschutz Gmbh
Priority date: 1994-12-23
Filing date: 1997-06-24
Publication date: 1998-02-01

Abstract

This invention relates to an apparatus for purifying liquids, in particular contaminated water for fighting fires. This apparatus comprises a reserve divided into a plurality of sections by means of a base dish, a first partition and a second partition. A first section comprises a wall for solids, and a wall for solids, and a wall for matter that floats in order to separate said floating matter from heavy material. A second section comprises a filter panels for filtering fines. An additional section comprising filter bags for filtering extra fine contaminations in the contaminated liquid. A final section comprising a material for filtering for adsorption, absorption or chemical conversion of the dissolved contaminants in the liquid

Description

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PURIFICATION OF LIQUIDS, IN PARTICULAR, OF CONTAMINATED EXTINGUISHING WATER DESCRIPTION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a device and method for the purification of liquids, in particular contaminated extinguishing water, according to the preamble of claim 1 and 55. In the fight against fires in closed buildings, in open spaces roofing, etc., liquids used in fire fighting, in particular, extinguishing water, are largely contaminated by pollutants and impurities, formed in the fire or otherwise released, such as, for example, Soot, combustion gases and additives of the extinguishing media. In order that the pollutants contained in the extinguishing water can not reach the environment unimpeded, the extinguishing water must be introduced into special treatment facilities before being conducted to the drainage system or to seep into the ground, respectively, in the groundwater, in which there is a decontamination of polluting substances or a discharge of polluting substances from the extinguishing water. In practice, contaminated extinguishing water, whenever it does not come out, completely uncontrolled, is collected by means of special retention devices, such as, for example, holding tanks, during the extinguishing work in the building, and only after finishing the Extinction works are extracted from these and conducted to the treatment devices. The special construction measures and thus the higher construction costs required by the holding tanks are necessary to be able to decontaminate, since the treatment facilities used, due to their construction and operating mode, must be taken to the fire place and placed in operation, or else it is a question of stationary installations, to which the retained water must be transported, for example, by means of a tank-truck. Especially in the fight against fires by automatic systems for fire detection, fire warning and fire fighting, as, for example, in sprinkler installations installed in parking towers and in tall buildings, an extinguishing water purification sprinkled automatically does not It is possible without the use of appropriate retention devices. The treatment of extinguishing water with impurities and stagnating takes place in these systems, for example, by pumping the water from the holding tank to the tank-car, and then transporting it from it to an outside treatment facility, where the treatment takes place. of the water. It is true that according to the state of the art, the treatment facilities can be installed also fixed in the building, however, this measure is not generally used, because the facilities, on the one hand, have a need for space not inconsiderable , and, on the other hand, due to its operation by pressure or electricity, an interruption of supply of pressure or electricity in case of fire would bring with it the danger of malfunctions. In addition, the treatment plants operated by pressure or electricity need additional control devices, with higher maintenance requirements, which means that the installations are activated only in case of fire. The device and the method according to the invention are preferably used for the purification of contaminated extinguishing water, which originates during the extinction of a fire. The device and the method according to the invention are not, however, limited to this type of application only, and are also suitable for the purification of any other liquids, such as, for example, alcohols, fuels, rainwater, etc. In order to achieve better compression, the following embodiments, however, refer specifically to the use of the device as a treatment facility for the purification (decontamination) of extinguishing water. By means of the invention this objective is achieved, by creating a device for the purification of liquids, in particular contaminated extinguishing water, which is stationary in situ, can be put into operation with few artifices, which it performs, to a large extent, on its own same, an automatic adaptation of the liquid performance with respect to the variations of the liquid stream to be purified, and which also has a simple structure, is not expensive to manufacture, has a high degree of effectiveness of purification and requires maintenance ba osts. Furthermore, by means of the invention, the objective of creating a process for the purification of contaminated liquids, in particular contaminated extinguishing water, allowing an automatic adaptation of the purification performance to the produced stream of liquid to be purified, must be achieved. enables effective purification of the liquid at a reasonable cost. This objective is achieved with the characterizing properties of claim 1 and 55. Other properties of the invention are contained in the dependent claims. The device according to the invention has, in particular, the following advantages: For the operation of the device, no external energy source is required, such as, for example, electricity, pressure, etc., since the device operates without sources of own drive. The device works in continuous mode, depending on the quantity of extinguishing water produced, and adapts automatically to the produced water flow. For this reason, it is not necessary to collect the extinguishing water in special holding tanks during the extinguishing work. The device makes it possible at the same time to collect and treat the contaminated extinguishing water and also a controlled diversion of the purified extinguishing water. The types of filters and the filter materials used in the device are not limited to a special type or to a special filter type, and can be individually adapted to the type of liquid to be purified, as well as to the polluting substances contained therein. Thus, for example, are types of filters applicable: bag filters, flexible tube filters or plate filters, respectively, as filter materials: metal (eg stainless steel), synthetic fibers (eg nylon, polyester and polypropylene), as well as ceramics or other appropriate materials. After a case of fire, used filter materials, loaded with impurities, and surfactants can be removed from the device easily and respecting the environment. For the operation of the device, filter materials and surfactants can be used in part, which can be reused after a regeneration. After a case of fire, the components of the procedure and the system can pass back to their active state very quickly and at a reasonable cost. The components of the system, with the exception of integrated filter media and surface-active substances, which must be changed after each case of fire, may also remain after the fire case in situ, and can thus be used often, almost unlimitedly. . The device can be maintained and operated without large investments, has a very high operational safety, and works in case of fire in a fully automatic way. The space required by the device is very small compared to the construction of a special holding tank for extinguishing water. The device requires, in comparison with other systems, in general, lower investment. The device allows a simple extension and at reasonable cost of existing (old) constructions, in particular without basement, which can be reused. The device of the invention is preferably used as a fixed installation on site, in buildings, such as, for example, parking towers, tall buildings, warehouse-warehouses, etc., equipped with a fire-fighting system that works automatically. The invention is described below with reference to the drawings according to preferred embodiments as examples.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The drawings show: FIG. 1 a cut-away side view of the device according to the invention, FIG. 2 a plan view of the device according to the invention with the cover open, FIG. 3 a sectional view of the device of FIG. invention at the height of the partition wall (19).

The device of the invention consists of a liquid-tight reservoir formed by a front wall (1), a rear wall (2), a floor wall (3), as well as two side walls (31) , in whose interior space there is arranged an intermediate floor plate (9) that extends between the side walls (31), from the front wall (1) to the rear wall (2), a first partition wall (13) which extends from the intermediate floor plate towards the direction of the upper face of the tank, and a second partition wall (19) formed between the first partition wall (13) and the rear wall (2), extending from the plate of intermediate floor (9) to the upper face of the deposit. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the parallelepiped-shaped reservoir, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, has a length that is approximately twice the height and / or the width. The length may be, for example, approximately 2,200 mm, the width approximately 1,050 mm, and the height approximately 1,000 mm. The reservoir, however, can also have the shape of a tube, wherein the wall and filter elements contained in the reservoir would adapt correspondingly to the round construction form. In the front plate (1), preferably at its center, a liquid inlet (7) is formed above the intermediate floor plate (9), and a liquid outlet (8) below the intermediate floor plate (9) The liquid inlet (7), respectively, the liquid outlet (8), can, however, also be arranged in the side walls (31), in the floor wall (3) or in the upper face of the tank. The liquid inlet (7) is preferably arranged a few cm below the upper edge of the tank, and the lower edge of the liquid outlet (8) ends at the same height as the floor wall (3) . The liquid inlet (7) and / or the liquid outlet (8) can be provided with flanges, in which gate valves, not shown in the figures, can be placed mechanically, electrically or pneumatically operated.

In the compartment or segment (A) of the tank, limited by the front wall (1), the two side walls (31), the intermediate floor plate (9) and the first partition wall (13), are formed elements of separation in the form of a wall (11) extending upwards, starting from the intermediate floor plate (9), and a wall (12) extended from above in the direction towards the intermediate floor plate (9). The wall (11) serves for the separation of the solids contained in the liquid and preferably extends up to the height of the lower edge of the liquid inlet (7). The wall (12) serves for the separation of floating substances propelled on its surface, contained in the liquid, preferably extending up to below the lower edge of the liquid inlet (7), and is arranged between the wall of solids (11) and the first partition wall (13). A separation of the floating and coarse substances contained in the liquid takes place in the segment (A).

In the segment (A), a reflector plate or reflector wall (10) can also be arranged behind the liquid inlet (7), seen in the direction of the flow, which extends up to, preferably, below the wall of solids (11), which prevents the direct entry of current or thrust of liquid stream through the liquid inlet (7) in the segment (A) of the tank.

Both the reflecting wall (10) and the wall of solids (11) can be arranged inclined with respect to the front wall (1), that is, with respect to the vertical, an angle between 0o and 45 °, preferably 10 °. In the compartment or segment (Bl) of the tank, limited by the first partition wall (13), the second partition wall (19), the intermediate floor plate (9) and the two side walls (31), are provided sieve and filter elements (15, 16, 17, 18) for fine filtration of the liquid. At the upstream end of the segment (Bl), near the first partition wall (13), there is arranged a screen element in the form of a screen wall (15), which, for example, is formed by a screen element (15). grid or fine mesh screen plate. The mesh opening of the screen element (15) is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm. Downstream of the screen wall (15) one or more are arranged, for example, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, in total three, filter elements (16, 17, 18). The filter elements (16, 17, 18) are formed, for example, as plate filters, which may be arranged with a distance of a few cm from each other. The nominal width of the pores of the filter plates (16, 17, 18) is in the range between 100 and 1,500 μm and can decrease seen in the direction of the liquid stream. The filter plates (16, 17, 18), as well as the sieve wall (15) are inclined with respect to the vertical an angle between 0 and 45 °, preferably 8 °, and are traversed by the liquid from bottom to top. The sieve and filter elements (15, 16, 17, 18) contained in the segment (Bl) serve for the fine filtration of the liquid to be purified. The second separation wall (19) located downstream of the filter elements (16, 17, 18), which borders the segment (Bl), has one or more holes, into which branch pipes (20) are inserted, according to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention. The branch pipes (20) are connected according to "the flow with bag filters (21) for the fine filtering of the liquid to be purified." Bag filters (21) are arranged in rows, preferably one above the other, in the compartment or segment (B2) of the reservoir bounded by the second partition wall (19), the rear wall (2), the two side walls (31), and the intermediate floor plate (9). For example, three rows of bag filters with, in total, 14 bag filters (21), which are separated from each other, preferably by corrugated sheets (22), can be provided, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. so that the bag filters (21) are arranged in defined planes, arranged one above the other. The separation plates (22) extend, preferably, parallel to the intermediate floor plate (9). Instead of the bag filters (21) used in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the filter elements can be configured in the segment (B2), but also, conventionally, as plate filters, etc. , with a corresponding nominal pore width. To achieve a filtration along the total height of the space available in the segment (B2), the sockets and bag filters (21) assigned are arranged, preferably so that the lower edge of the sockets (20) and / or the bag filters (21) arranged higher up, is lower than the upper edge of the branch pipes (20) and / or bag filters (21) arranged below, as shown, for example, in FIG. 3. The bag filters (21) are preferably composed of several layers of filter material. The nominal width of the pores of the filter material of the bag filters (21) can be, for example, in the range of 1 to 100 μ, and decrease from one filter layer to another, in the direction of the current. It is preferably smaller than the nominal width of the pores of the filter elements (16, 17, 18) arranged in the segment (Bl). The sockets (20) extend, preferably, a part, for example, 5 cm, inside the segment (B2), so that the bag filters (21) can be mounted with their open end on the sockets (20), and they can be fixed, in a simple way, to the branch pipes (20), by means of tube or hose clamps, not shown. The separation plates (22) and / or the bag filters (21), preferably do not extend completely to the rear wall (2) of the tank, so that between the rear wall (2) and the ends of the separation plates (22) and / or bag filters (21) there is an intermediate space of, for example, 15 cm. In one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the holes, tubing (20) and / or bag filters (21) are disposed below the lower edge of the liquid inlet (7). Furthermore, in this embodiment, the active filtering space, filled with the filter elements (16, 17, 18) of the segment (Bl) and / or with the filter elements (21) of the segment (B2), is extends in the vertical direction, essentially, starting from the intermediate floor plate (9) up to the height of the upper edge of the partition wall (13). At the lower end of the intermediate space formed between the ends of the separation plates (22) and / or the bag filters (21), a liquid flow orifice (23) is arranged, through which the liquid can flow. from the segment (B2) to within the segment (C) arranged below the intermediate floor plate (9). The orifice (23) for the passage of liquid is formed, either by a recess in the intermediate floor plate (9), or else it results that the intermediate floor plate (9) does not fully reach the rear wall (2). The hole (23) The liquid passage can however be arranged in a different place from the one mentioned above, for example, below the bag filters (21), or near the second partition wall (19). In the segments (A), (Bl) and (B2) there is a mechanical and physical separation of the floating substances and the solids contained in the liquid. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the segment or compartment (C) is filled with a fine-grained surfactant adsorption material (26), for example, activated carbon, zeolite and / or macroporous polymers (molecular sieves), where an adsorption of pollutant substances dissolved in the liquid takes place.

In another embodiment of the invention, the segment (C) may also contain absorption materials, such as, for example, silica gel, which absorb dissolved contaminants in the liquid. It is also possible to fill the segment (C) with appropriate chemical reagents, such as, for example, precipitants, by means of which contaminating substances dissolved in the contaminated liquid are transformed by chemical reactions. The surfactant adsorption materials and / or the absorption materials and / or the chemical reagents can be used in the segment (C), either individually or in combination with each other, for example as a mixture, the materials being able to fill completely the segment space (C) or only a part of it. The liquid to be purified passes through the segment (C), preferably along its total length, from the rear wall (2) to the front wall (1) and then out through the outlet orifice (8) of liquid disposed in the area of the front wall (1). So that the filter material (26), which is represented, for example, in FIG. 1 as a dotted surface, is not ejected from the segment (C), the orifice of the liquid outlet (8), as well as the orifice The liquid passage (23) is covered with a perforated sheet of fine mesh with an appropriate mesh opening of, for example, 0.1 to 5 mm, since in the liquid to be purified, for example, several are dissolved, different, polluting substances, which can not be adsorbed by a single filter material (26), the segment (C) can also contain multiple and different filter materials, which are preferably arranged in the direction of the current and are arranged behind In addition, in the segment (C) there can be provided core plates (25) disposed spaced apart from each other in the horizontal direction, which extend from the intermediate floor plate (9) towards down in dir ection towards the floor wall (3), the liquid must flow below them. In the open angle towards the rear wall (2) between these core plates (25) and the intermediate floor plate (9) is placed an element (24) (eg a perforated tube or a flexible tube) with a separation of, for example, 20 mm respectively, which serves as deaeration of the segment (C). It extends essentially horizontally and reaches from one of the lateral walls (31), which traverses laterally, to approximately 50 mm from the opposite side wall (31). The passage through the side wall (31) takes place in a liquid-tight manner. The air that is in the segment (C) can escape from the tank in a controlled manner, through the deaeration elements (24) mounted in this way transversely to the flow direction. In one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, the upper face of the tank can be closed with one or more covers (5), which are preferably arranged on each of the segments (A), (Bl) and (B2). On the upper face of the cover (5) can be formed, as shown in fig. 1, deaeration channels (36, 37, 38) to deaerate the segments (A), (Bl), (B2). The sieve and filter elements (15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 26), the separation and intermediate walls (13, 19, 10, 11, 12, 22), as well as the intermediate floor plate (9), contained inside the tank, they preferably extend from one side wall (31) of the tank to the other and seal the side walls (31) in a fluid-tight manner. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the intermediate floor plate (9) is arranged in the area of the front wall (1) at a height of approximately 300 mm on the floor plate (3) and has a slope in the direction towards the rear wall (2) of approximately 5%. The inclination of the intermediate floor plate (9) is preferably adjustable between 0 ° and 30 °. The reservoir and the parts it contains are preferably composed of corrosion-resistant materials, such as, for example, stainless steel or plastic. The sieve and filter elements (15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 26), the separating and intermediate walls (13, 19, 10, 11, 12, 22), as well as the intermediate floor plate (9 ) are held by the mounting, support and guide elements arranged on the walls of the tank (1, 2, 31), not shown in the figures, so that when opening the cover (5) can be removed from the tank upwards. In addition, height-adjustable mounting feet (34) can be provided on the floor plate (3), by means of which the inclination of the tank can be adapted to ground irregularities. On the outer walls (1, 2, 31), towing hooks, not shown in the figures, can be provided. The preferred embodiment of the invention is configured so that the incoming liquid flows by itself due to the force of gravity from the entry of liquid (7) through the device to the liquid outlet (8). The liquid can, however, also be pumped through the device, with the help of pumps. The flow of liquid through the device can vary quite a lot, for example, through gate valves, and is for example in the range of 100 m3 / h.

Mode of operation: The liquid, for example, the extinguishing water produced in the event of fire, comes through the liquid inlet (7) first to the segment (A), where flotation separation takes place and a separation of coarse substances, of the polluting substances contained in the liquid. The air that is in the segment (A) can escape in a controlled manner upwards through the deaeration elements (36) on / in the tank cover (5). The water flowing through the segment (A) is forced to flow below the reflecting wall (10) disposed transversely to the flow direction, above the wall of solids (11), also arranged transversely to the direction of the flow, and then again below the wall of floating substances (12) and above the partition wall (13). The mentioned barriers are arranged and made (length, inclination, etc.) so that the heavy solids (thick substances) are deposited in the floor of the segment (A) in the area in front of the wall of solids (11), and so they can be separated. The solid floating substances arrive after passing the reflecting wall (10) to the area of floating substances, which is located in the upper part of the tank, between the reflecting wall (10) and the first separation wall (13). Here they are retained by means of the wall of floating substances (12), which extends from the upper edge of the tank, respectively, from the tank cover (5) to well below the liquid level, to be adjusted during operation of the device, in segment (A). The solids weighed heretofore not yet separated can be separated in the next step on the floor of the second solid / coarse zone, which lies between the first separation wall (13) and the wall of solids (11). Through the interval between the wall of floating substances (12) and the first separation wall (13) arrives the liquid, largely purified of floating substances and thick substances, to the segment (Bl). The height of the entrance of the segment (Bl) corresponds fundamentally to the height of the liquid inlet (7). During its passage through the segment (Bl), the polluted water passes through, respectively, from bottom to top, firstly the sieve wall (15), and then the plate filters (16, 17, 18), which are arranged in a row in the direction of flow, preferably, decreasing the nominal width of the pores (calibration approximately 100 to 1,500 μm). In these elements, correspondingly fine particles are separated. The air that is in the segment (Bl) can escape in a controlled manner upwards through the holes / deaeration tubes (37) in / on the cover (5) of the tank. Through the horizontal pipes (20), placed in the second vertical separation wall (19), the contaminated water reaches the segment (B2), where a finer filtration of the liquid takes place. The air that is in the segment (B2) can escape in a controlled manner upwards through the holes / deaeration tubes (38) in / on the cover (5) of the tank. The liquid passes through the bag filters (21) mounted on the nozzles (20), and continues to flow on the intermediate floor plate (9), respectively, on the corrugated sheet separation plates (22) mounted between the rows of filters of stock By means of the bag filters (21) the liquid is released considerably from the finer particles and contaminating substances attached to them. After passing through the fine mesh grid arranged horizontally along the rear wall (2), the contaminated water treated by mechanical / physical methods comes through the orifice (23) for the passage of liquid to the segment (C) arranged at the -floor of the deposit. The liquid that comes through the grid of the liquid passage hole (23), must pass through the segment (C) and with it the material (26) contained within it. Thus, the liquid is forced to pass underneath the core plates (25), arranged transversely to the flow direction, with a variable spacing of preferably 350 mm, at a height of up to approx. 150 mm from the floor (3) of the tank. The air in the segment (C) can escape in a controlled manner from the reservoir through the deaeration holes / tubes (24) arranged transversely to the flow direction. After crossing the segment (C), the liquid comes out purified from the liquid outlet (8). The method according to the invention consists of a first process step that performs the separation of the solids contained in the liquid according to their relative density, in a second process step that performs a separation of the solids contained in the liquid according to their shape and / or size, and finally in a third stage of the process for separating dissolved substances in the liquid by adsorption, absorption and / or chemical transformation of the substances. Both in the device according to the invention and in the method according to the invention, the purification of the liquid takes place due to a combination of physical and chemical separation of the polluting substances.

Claims

1. Device for purifying liquids, in particular, for purifying contaminated extinguishing water, characterized by: a reservoir formed by a front wall (1), a rear wall (2), a floor wall (3), as well as two side walls ( 31); with an intermediate floor plate (9) extending inside the tank from the front wall (1) to the rear wall (2); with a first partition wall (13) extending from the intermediate floor plate (9) in the direction towards the upper face of the tank; with a second partition wall (19) formed between the first partition wall (13) and the rear wall (2), which extends from the intermediate floor plate (9) to the upper face of the tank; with separation elements (10, 11, 12, 13) for the separation of floating substances and / or coarse substances from the liquid, which are contained in a segment (A) of the tank, limited by the first partition wall (13), the front wall (1), the two side walls (31) and the intermediate floor plate (9); with sieve and filter elements (15, 16, 17, 18) for the fine separation of solids contained in the liquid, arranged in a segment (Bl), limited by the first separation wall (13), the second wall of separation (19), the two side walls (31) and the intermediate floor plate (9); with filter elements (21) for the finer separation of solids contained in the liquid, arranged in a segment (B2) bounded by the partition wall (19), the side walls (31), the intermediate floor plate (9). ) and the rear wall (2); with a filter means (26) for the absorption of pollutants dissolved in the liquid, arranged in the segment (C) limited by the intermediate floor plate (9), the floor wall (3), the side walls (31). ), the front and rear walls (1, 2); as well as, with a liquid inlet (7) with current flow connected to the segment (A); with a liquid through hole (23) formed in the intermediate floor plate (9), between the segment (B2) and the segment (C); and with a liquid outlet (8) with current flow connected to the segment (C).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper edge of the first partition wall (13) is substantially at the same height as the lower edge of the liquid inlet (7).

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one of the separation elements provided in the segment (A) is formed by a reflecting wall (10) opposite the liquid inlet (7).

4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the reflecting wall (10) extends up to below the liquid level, to be adjusted during operation of the device, in the segment (A).

5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the reflecting wall (10) is disposed opposite the front wall (1), inclined at an angle of between 0 and 45 °, preferably an angle of 10 °.

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an extended wall (11) is provided in the segment (A) starting from the intermediate floor plate (9) up to the height of the lower edge of the liquid inlet (7), between the reflecting wall (10) and the first separation wall (13), as separation element for the separation of solids contained in the liquid.

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the wall of solids (11) is arranged opposite the front wall (1), inclined at an angle of between 0 and 45 °, preferably an angle of 10 °.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the segment (A) there is provided a wall (12) extended from the upper face of the tank in the direction towards the floor plate (3), for the separation of floating substances contained in the liquid

9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the wall of floating substances (12) extends up to below the level of liquid, which is adjusted during operation of the device, in segment (A).

10. Device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the wall of floating substances (12) is arranged between the wall of solids (11) and the first partition wall (13).

11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the segment (Bl) a wall (15) is provided for screening the solids contained in the liquid.

12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the screen wall (15) is formed by a grid with a mesh opening in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm.

13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the segment (Bl) filter elements provided are configured, by means of one or more filter plates (16, 17, 18) disposed between the screen wall (15) and the rear wall (2) .

14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the nominal width of the pores of the filter plates (16, 17, 18) is in the range between 100 μm and 1,500 μm.

15. Device according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the nominal width of the pores of the filter plates (16, 17, 18) arranged consecutively decreases, seen in the direction of the liquid flow.

16. Device according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the filter plates (16, 17, 18) are disposed spaced apart from each other by a distance of between 1 cm and 10 cm.

17. Device according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the screen wall (15) and / or the filter elements (16, 17, 18) are disposed opposite the front wall (1), inclined at an angle of between 0 and 45 ° and are crossed by the liquid from bottom to top.

18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second partition wall (19) has essentially circular holes, which are connected by the current to the filter elements (21) arranged in the segment (B2).

19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the filter elements (21) are formed by bag filters, which are crossed by the current from inside to outside.

20. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that sockets (20) are arranged in the holes, which extend within the segments (Bl) and / or (B2), and in each of the ends of which it penetrates the segment (B2) a bag filter (21) is fixed.

21. Device according to claim 20, characterized in that the sockets (20) are arranged horizontally.

22. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the partition wall (19) is arranged vertically.

23. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the partition wall (19) extends from the intermediate floor plate (9) to the upper face of the tank.

24. Device according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the sockets (20) and the bag filters (21) assigned are arranged in rows, one above the other.

25. Device according to claim 24, characterized in that the rows are arranged in such a way that the vertical separation of two consecutive rows is smaller than the diameter of the tube of the sockets (20), so that the lower edge of the sockets (20) of the corresponding upper row is below the upper edge of the branch pipes (20) of the row arranged below.

26. Device according to one of claims 18 to 25, characterized in that the holes and / or the filter elements (21) are arranged substantially below the lower edge of the liquid inlet (7).

27. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the active filtering space is filled with the filter elements (16, 17, 18) of the segment (Bl) and / or with the filter elements (21) of the segment (B2) , extends in the vertical direction, essentially starting from the intermediate floor plate (9) up to the height of the upper edge of the partition wall (13).

28. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter elements (21) are composed of several filter layers.

29. Device according to claim 28, characterized in that the nominal width of the pores of the consecutive filter layers of a filter element (21) decreases from inside to outside.

30. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nominal width of the pores of the filter elements (21) used in the segment (B2) is smaller than the nominal width of the pores of the filter elements (16, 17, 18) used in the segment (Bl).

31. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nominal width of the pores of the filter elements (21) of the segment (B2) is in the range between 1 and 100 μm.

32. Device according to one of claims 24 to 31, characterized in that the bag filters (21) of two rows of bag filters that are one above the other are separated from each other by separation plates (22).

33. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that the length of the sheets (22), seen in the longitudinal direction of the tank, corresponds at least to the length of the bag filter (21) used.

34. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a substantially free intermediate space, with a width of, preferably 10 to 15 cm, is provided between the rear wall (2) and the ends of the filter elements (21)

35. Device according to one of claims 32 or 33, characterized in that a substantially free intermediate space, with a width of, preferably 10 to 15 cm, is provided between the rear wall (2) and the ends of the separation plates (22).

36. Device according to claim 35, characterized in that the liquid through-hole (23), which connects the segments (B2) and (C), is formed in the intermediate floor plate (9) in the area by means of the current. of the intermediate space.

37. Device according to claim 36, characterized in that the liquid through hole (23) is covered by a perforated sheet of fine mesh.

38. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter means (26) fills the entire segment (C), arranged below the intermediate floor plate (9).

39. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter means (26) in the segment (C) is formed by a surfactant material.

40. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filter means (26) in the segment (C) is formed by several, different surfactant materials, arranged consecutively, seen in the direction of the liquid stream, which are traversed consecutively for the liquid.

41. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the segment (C) there are provided core plates (25) disposed spaced apart in the horizontal direction, which extend from the intermediate floor plate (9) downwards in the direction towards the floor wall (3), below which the liquid flows.

42. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tank or parts thereof are composed of materials resistant to corrosion, in particular, of stainless steel and / or plastic.

43. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve and filter elements (15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 26), the separation and intermediate walls (13, 19, 10, 11, 12, 22) , as well as the intermediate floor plate (9) extend from one side wall of the tank to the other.

44. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sieve and filter elements (15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 26), the separation and intermediate walls (13, 19, 10, 11, 12, 22) , as well as the intermediate floor plate (9), arranged inside the tank, are held by means of mounting, support and guide elements arranged on the walls of the tank "(1, 2, 31), so that they can be extracted from the tank. upward deposit.

45. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tank is provided with one or more covers (5), in which deaeration channels (36, 37, 38) are formed for the segments (A, Bl, B2) located by below.

46. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the segment (C) deaeration tubes (24) are provided, which extend from the side walls (31) to the interior of the segment (C).

47. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the liquid inlet (7) is arranged a few cm below the upper edge of the tank.

48. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that gate valves are provided in front of the liquid inlet (7) and / or the liquid outlet (8).

49. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a grid or perforated sheet (27) of fine mesh is provided in front of the liquid outlet (8).

50. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flow of liquid through the device is in the range of 100 m3 / h.

51. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate floor plate (9) is inclined at an angle of between 0 and 30 °, viewed in the direction of the liquid.

52. Device according to claim 51, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the intermediate floor plate (9) is adjustable.

53. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is configured in such a way that the incoming liquid flows by itself due to the force of gravity from the entrance of liquid (7) through the device to the liquid outlet (8).

54. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that height-adjustable mounting feet (34) are arranged in the floor plate (3).

55. Process for the purification of contaminated liquids, in particular, of contaminated extinguishing water, characterized by the following process steps: I. Separation of the solids contained in the liquid according to their relative density. II. Separation of the solids contained in the liquid according to its shape or size. III. Separation of dissolved substances in the liquid by adsorption and / or absorption and / or chemical transformation.

56. Process according to claim 55, characterized in that the liquid to be purified is introduced into a first purification stage (A), in which a separation of floating and thick substances contained in the liquid takes place, because the liquid leaving the first stage of purification (A) is introduced in a second purification stage (Bl), in which a fine filtration of the liquid takes place, because the liquid leaving the second purification stage (Bl) is introduced in a third purification stage (B2 ), in which a finer filtration of the liquid takes place, and in that the liquid is subsequently introduced into a fourth purification step (C), in which an adsorption and / or an absorption and / or chemical transformation takes place. of the contaminating substances dissolved in the liquid.

57. Process according to claim 56, characterized in that the liquid runs through the purification stages in liquid form.