US2005793A - Oscillation generation - Google Patents

Oscillation generation Download PDF

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Publication number
US2005793A
US2005793A US469364A US46936430A US2005793A US 2005793 A US2005793 A US 2005793A US 469364 A US469364 A US 469364A US 46936430 A US46936430 A US 46936430A US 2005793 A US2005793 A US 2005793A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
cathode
sections
conductor
anodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US469364A
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English (en)
Inventor
Nils E Lindenblad
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RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL33127D priority Critical patent/NL33127C/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US469364A priority patent/US2005793A/en
Priority to DER82193D priority patent/DE573634C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2005793A publication Critical patent/US2005793A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C5/00—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal
    • H03C5/02—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal by means of transit-time tube
    • H03C5/04—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal by means of transit-time tube the tube being a magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/02—Electron-emitting electrodes; Cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H01J25/58—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having a number of resonators; having a composite resonator, e.g. a helix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the generation of alternating electrical current 'and has for an object the provision of new and useful methods and means for generating extremely high frequency electrical oscillations.
  • Another principal object of this invention is to provide an ultra short wave length oscillator from which increased useful output energy may be obtained. This object is carried out by arranging a number of small, unit oscillators to-.
  • each half wave section become useful for the production of oscillatory energy; and, due to the relatively large number of useful sections that may be incorporated within a single device, the useful high frequency power output is materially augmented.
  • the anode sections are lengthened in a fashion such that the mutual inductance between the sections is increased, and, by virtue of the increased mutual inductance flow of electrons to one section of the anode tends to vary the potential on the other. section of the anode in a direction correct for the generation of high frequency oscillations.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide coupling for the cold electrode sec- 25 tions in a fashion such that the tube oscillator will not be overloaded, which overloading causes in many instances, cessation of oscillations.
  • anodes are coupled through a fraction- 80 ally looped conductor, preferably one-half wave length long at the desired frequency and, an output circuit is connected symmetrically about a nodal point on the looped conductor so as to include a portion of the loop less than one-half 85 wave length long.
  • Still further objects of the present invention are to provide for the modulation and directional transmission of the oscillations generated in accordance with the invention hereinbefore out- 40 lined.
  • Figure 1 diagrammatically indicates apparatus for producing high frequency oscillations by gencrating on cold electrodes of an electron discharge device, standing waves,
  • Figure 2 is a modification of Figure '1 wherein the cold electrodes are formed as a plurality of 'targets
  • Figure-3 is a sectional view of an oscillator illustrating the manner in which'the coldelectrodes may be folded up in order to provide long tube elements having high mutual inductance and yet occupyin small space, and,
  • cathode is energized by a suitable source 01 energy I.
  • the anode sections or cold electrodes 6, 8 are made long and placed relatively close together so that at high frequencies there is a material amount of mutual inductance therebetween.
  • the magnetic field through which electrons travel from the cathode 4 to the anodes may be varied, as a result of which, the time lag of electrons from cathode 4 to the anodes may be changed in a fashion such that a number of standing waves are set up as shown by the dotted lines l6, l8, which indicate standing potential waves, on the anodes.
  • the anodes should be coupled through a looped ,-conductor 20 preferably one-half wave length long, having 'a voltage nodal point 22 which may be connected through a conductor 24 to a suitable source of anode potential (not shown).
  • point 22 is a voltage nodal point
  • the electrically free ends 26, 28 .of the anodes 6, 8 respectively will, as shown, always be at a maximum alternating potential.
  • the waves on each section 6, 8 will, ofcourse, be out of phase and the currents on'each section will be out of phase with the potential wave on each section.
  • the currents in adjacent sections will flow in opposite directions thereby tending to increase the voltages induced on the respective sections in correct direction for oscillation generation.
  • a transmission line '30 leading to 'a'suitable radiator 32 is coupled symmetrically about the v'oltage nodal point 22 so as to include a section of the looped conductor 20 betweenconnecting point 34, 38 of a length less than one- I half wave length.
  • Modulationyof the energy supplied to a.radiator azi may. be accomplished by supplying keyed alternating energy through transformer 38 to the solenoid l4 and/or am lified complex voltages through transformer 40 to the anode potential;
  • ⁇ frequency of oscillations supplied through trans- Jformertl should be beyond the range of frequencies supplied through transformer 40. Modulation could be accomplished, of course, by inserting in-seriesjwith transmission line 3. an electron discharge device, whosecontr'ol electrode o! a parabolic metallic element 42 may be utilized.
  • tuned wires may be used instead of metallic element 42 for eflecting a reflector action.
  • the cold electrodes may be made as shown in Figure 2 in the form of targets 44 which represent portions of the anodes upon which there are maximum potentials.
  • the intermediate portions 46 may be simple conductors, preferably looped, in order to economize space.
  • Theinactive portions of the cathode 4 may be shielded by shields 48 either of insulating material or, simply metallic sleeves, which form parallel paths for the cathode energizing energy.
  • alternating electrical energy In connection with the cathode, it may be stated that it can be energized with unidirectional or as shown in Figure 2, alternating electrical energy. Rather than apply complex currents to the anodes, simple keyed alternating energy amplified by a suitable amplifier 50 may, of lourse, be algebraically added as shown, to the anode potentials.
  • FIG. 3 Another way' of shortening the tube would be to fold away portions of the anode structure as shown diagrammatically in Figure 3.
  • the anode sections are folded into loops 52 representing portions of the elongated anode sections which have minimum values of potential thereon.
  • the remaining portions 44 are effectively small targets for electrons from the cathodes or filament 4.
  • the portions of the cathode opposite the ineffective portions 52' of the anodes may be shielded by shields 48 of a'type similar to those described in connection with Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 discloses another mannerof energizing an oscillator built in accordance with the present invention.
  • Unidirectional energy is fed across a single impedance preferably in the form of a resistance 60.
  • the cathode and anode are variably tapped thereacross by suitable taps.
  • the solenoid may also be tapped to the resistance, and, by varying the portion of the resistance includedacross the solenoid leads, the magnetic stress applied to the electrons traveling from the cathode to the anode may be varied.
  • modulation may be accomplished by keying, by means of a switch 62, the energy supplied to the cathode. However, as already indicated, it is preferred that modulating energy be applied to the mid point of the anode connecting loop together with anode potential.
  • a cathode, and an elongated anode a plurality of half wave lengths long at the operating frequency sectionalized into elongated sections, the sections of the targets having substantial width, the targets of each section being connected together by wires.
  • a cathode, and an elongated anode a plurality of half wave lengths long at the operating frequency sectionalized into elongated sections, the sections of the anode being relatively close to increase their mutual inductance, and means for applying, to the electrons emitted from the cathode, a magnetic field whereby standing waves are produced on said sections, the standing 'waves on diifer'ent sections being out of phase with respect to each other. 4.
  • each section of y the anode comprising a plurality of targets liaving substantial width connected together by wires,
  • An electron discharge device oscillator having a cathode, and anodes constructed for the production of standing waves thereon, aconductor coupling the anodes together, means for connecting a source or anode potential to a voltage nodal point on the conductor, and an output circuit connected to the conductor symmetrically about the nodal point and including a section of the conductor less than one-half wave length long between coupling points.
  • anode comprising a plurality of elongated sections each a plurality of half wave lengths long at the operating frequency, said sections being disposed around said cathode but electrically unconnected thereto, a connection between said anode sections, and radiating means coupled to .said connection symmetrically about a nodal point on said connectiom 7.
  • Signalling apparatus having, in combination, an electron emitting cathode, a pair of electron discharge device anodes concentrically disposed around said cathode, a looped conductor coupling the anodes together, a transmission line connected directly to and symmetrically about a voltage nodal point on said conductor, and a source of unidirectional positive potential connected to the conductor at its nodal point.
  • An electron discharge device oscillator having a cathode, and anodes constructed for the production of standing waves thereon, a conductor coupling the anodes together, a connection between a source of anode potential and a voltage nodal point on the conductor, means coupled to said connection for, modulating the oscillations generated by said oscillatonand an output circuit connected to the conductor symmetrically about the nodal point and including a section of the conductor.
  • a cathode comprising a plurality of elongated sections each a plurality of half wave lengths long at the operating frequency, said sections being disposed around said cathode, a conductor onehalf wave length long coupling the anodes together, and a transmission line coupled symmetrically about a nodal point on the conductor.
  • a cathode comprising a plurality of elongated sections each a plurality of half wave lengths long at the operating frequency, said sections being disposed around ,said cathode, aconductor a multiple of one-half wave length at the desired frequency coupling the anodes together, and a transmission line coupled symmetrically about the nodal point on the conductor.
  • a cathode In an electron discharge device, a cathode, an elongated sectionalized anode, each section of the anode comprising a plurality of electron receiving portions connected together'in series by wires, and means for subjecting the electrons emitted from the cathode to a magnetic field.
  • an electron discharge device a'cathode, an elongated anode a plurality of half wave lengths long at the operating frequency sectionalized into elongated sections, the sections'of the anode being relatively close and non-cylindrical in formation to increase their mutual inductance, and means for applying to the electrons emitted from the cathode a magnetic field, the value of said field and the constants of said circuit being so arranged that the cyclic natural period of the electrons through their orbits will coincide with the natural period of the anode elements at one or their harmonic tuning conditions whereby standing waves will be set up on the anode sectionswhich are out of phase with respect to one another.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US469364A 1930-07-21 1930-07-21 Oscillation generation Expired - Lifetime US2005793A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL33127D NL33127C (en(2012)) 1930-07-21
US469364A US2005793A (en) 1930-07-21 1930-07-21 Oscillation generation
DER82193D DE573634C (de) 1930-07-21 1931-07-19 Kurzwellenschaltung unter Anwendung einer Magnetronroehre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US469364A US2005793A (en) 1930-07-21 1930-07-21 Oscillation generation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2005793A true US2005793A (en) 1935-06-25

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US469364A Expired - Lifetime US2005793A (en) 1930-07-21 1930-07-21 Oscillation generation

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DE (1) DE573634C (en(2012))
NL (1) NL33127C (en(2012))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2432827A (en) * 1943-02-11 1947-12-16 Raytheon Mfg Co High efficiency magnetron
US2437280A (en) * 1943-11-02 1948-03-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device of the magnetron type
US2439401A (en) * 1942-09-10 1948-04-13 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron oscillator of the resonant cavity type
US2446825A (en) * 1942-12-31 1948-08-10 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency electric discharge device

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE756142C (de) * 1934-05-18 1953-07-13 Julius Pintsch K G Magnetfeldroehre in Gegentaktschaltung
DE930159C (de) * 1935-11-30 1955-07-11 Telefunken Gmbh Magnetronroehre mit vier- oder mehrteiligem Anodenzylinder
DE747904C (de) * 1937-11-11 1944-10-20 Zweischlitzmagnetron zur Erzeugung von Zentimeter- oder Dezimeterwellen
DE930269C (de) * 1944-06-30 1955-07-14 Blaupunkt Elektronik G M B H Vielschlitzmagnetfeldroehre mit einer an die Anodensegmente angekoppelten Lecherleitung als Schwingungssystem

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2439401A (en) * 1942-09-10 1948-04-13 Raytheon Mfg Co Magnetron oscillator of the resonant cavity type
US2446825A (en) * 1942-12-31 1948-08-10 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency electric discharge device
US2432827A (en) * 1943-02-11 1947-12-16 Raytheon Mfg Co High efficiency magnetron
US2437280A (en) * 1943-11-02 1948-03-09 Raytheon Mfg Co Electron discharge device of the magnetron type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE573634C (de) 1933-04-04
NL33127C (en(2012))

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