US20050202747A1 - Front axle unit for a toy vehicle - Google Patents

Front axle unit for a toy vehicle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20050202747A1
US20050202747A1 US11/077,149 US7714905A US2005202747A1 US 20050202747 A1 US20050202747 A1 US 20050202747A1 US 7714905 A US7714905 A US 7714905A US 2005202747 A1 US2005202747 A1 US 2005202747A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
front axle
axle unit
longitudinal
front wheels
arm sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/077,149
Inventor
Uwe Reuter
Thomas Weidner
Ralf Kroener
Cong-Uan Doan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Original Assignee
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG filed Critical Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Assigned to DR. ING H.C.F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT reassignment DR. ING H.C.F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WEIDNER, THOMAS, DOAN, CONG-UAN, REUTER, UWE, KROENER, RALF
Publication of US20050202747A1 publication Critical patent/US20050202747A1/en
Assigned to DR. ING. H.C.F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT (COMPANY NUMBER 722287) reassignment DR. ING. H.C.F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT (COMPANY NUMBER 722287) MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DR. ING. H.C.F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H17/00—Toy vehicles, e.g. with self-drive; ; Cranes, winches or the like; Accessories therefor
    • A63H17/14—Endless-track automobiles or trucks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H17/00—Toy vehicles, e.g. with self-drive; ; Cranes, winches or the like; Accessories therefor
    • A63H17/26—Details; Accessories
    • A63H17/262—Chassis; Wheel mountings; Wheels; Axles; Suspensions; Fitting body portions to chassis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a front axle unit for a toy vehicle, e.g., for operation on a racetrack, having a chassis which accommodates a rear axle unit as well as a front axle unit with front wheels.
  • DE 76 16 672 U1 shows a model vehicle having a chassis with a U-shaped cross section whose parallel legs run in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and support the rear front axles.
  • the front axle has transverse control arms mounted on the legs and in turn connected to front wheels via wheel arms.
  • the wheel base of the front wheels is invariable due to the given construction.
  • EP 1 275 424 A1 shows a comparable construction in the form of a remote-control, track-guided toy vehicle on a racetrack.
  • the front axle has bearing sections for an axle shaft connected to the front wheels.
  • the wheels are not spring mounted and their wheel base is fixed.
  • DE 37 22 618 C2 shows a toy vehicle having a vehicle body mounted on a chassis.
  • the chassis has drive wheels and supporting wheels. Different selectable journals for these supporting wheels are provided for the supporting wheels on the two longitudinal sides of the chassis.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a front axle unit for a toy vehicle characterized by simple and functional construction.
  • the wheel mount for the front wheels of the front axle unit should also operate with a high efficiency.
  • the adjustment device for the wheel base of the front wheels, the driving properties of the toy vehicle can be influenced in a controlled manner.
  • the adjustment device is not only simple to operate but also forms an easily implemented construction with the fixation device and the relatively mobile arm sections situated one above the other.
  • the novel construction is further supported by the gear teeth on the arm sections and an adjustment housing.
  • the longitudinal control arms on the arm sections for the guidance of the front wheels form an advantageous wheel mount, whereby the longitudinal control arms with the arm sections constitute a shock-mounted composite control arm axle which contributes to a good driving performance of the toy vehicle in a controlled manner.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of a chassis of a toy vehicle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a similar perspective, enlarged view of a detail of the front axle unit shown in FIG. 1 axle according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a partial perspective, enlarged view of a detail from FIG. 2 ,
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the front axle unit shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along line V-V in FIG. 1 .
  • a toy vehicle 1 of which only a chassis 2 is shown, is provided with a guide groove 4 for operation on a racetrack 3 shown schematically in FIG. 1 .
  • a nose-like guide element 5 of a guide mechanism 6 engages in the guide groove 4 and is connected to the chassis 2 .
  • the chassis 2 is connected to a front axle unit 9 comprising front wheels 7 , 8 and to a rear axle unit 12 having rear wheels 10 , 11 .
  • the front axle unit 9 and the rear axle unit 12 are optionally configured as modules or integral structures of the chassis 2 .
  • the front axle unit 9 is a module connected to a central frame 13 of the chassis 2 .
  • An adjustment device 14 as seen in FIG. 2 is operative between the front wheels 7 , 8 of the front axle unit 9 , to permit variations in the wheel base (medium wheel base Swm, larger wheel base Swg and smaller wheel base Swk) to be able to connect bodies of different sizes, for example, to the chassis 2 , i.e., to achieve desired dynamic driving effects.
  • the adjustment device 14 is provided on a transverse member 15 having two arm sections 16 , 17 situated one above the other (see also FIG. 4 ).
  • the arm sections 16 , 17 are configured to be relatively mobile (in directions RI and RII) in relation to one another, but they can also be locked in position by fixing device 18 .
  • the arm sections 16 , 17 of the transverse member 15 run across or transversely to the longitudinal direction A-A of the vehicle and have approximately rectangular plates 19 , 20 ( FIG. 4 ) which are provided on longitudinal sides 21 , 22 with first gear teeth Vze.
  • the first gear teeth Vze cooperates with the second gear teeth Vzz of an adjustment housing 23 of the fixation device 18 .
  • the adjustment housing 23 has a U-shaped cross section 24 with legs 25 , 26 which serve to accommodate the plates 19 , 20 of the respective arm sections 16 , 17 .
  • the second gear teeth Vzz are arranged on the inside of the legs 25 , 26 .
  • a catch part 27 which holds the arm sections 16 , 17 in position in the adjustment housing 23 , sits on the adjustment housing 23 above the U-shaped cross section 24 .
  • the adjustment housing 23 is mounted on a front axle frame 28 of the front axle unit 9 .
  • the arm sections 16 , 17 are connected to respective longitudinal control arms 29 , 30 aligned in the longitudinal direction A-A of the vehicle adjustment to the front wheels 7 , 8 .
  • These longitudinal control arms 29 , 30 run approximately horizontally in a basic design position and, together with the arm sections 16 , 17 , form a composite control arm axle 31 .
  • the arm sections 16 , 17 are therefore configured to have spring elasticity, with the front wheels 7 , 8 adapting to the properties of the road surface of the racetrack 3 via the longitudinal control arms 29 , 30 in operation of the toy vehicle 1 .
  • the longitudinal control arms 29 , 30 On the free sides 32 , 33 , the longitudinal control arms 29 , 30 have fork-like receptacles 34 , 35 for bearing bushings 36 , 37 which surround an axle 38 carrying the front wheels 7 , 8 .
  • the longitudinal control arms 29 , 30 run in front of the axle 38 as seen in the travel direction B.
  • the front axle frame 28 of the front axle unit 9 is brought up to the central frame 13 with longitudinal arms 39 , 40 extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction A-A with vertical threaded bores 41 ( FIG. 5 ) integrated where into.
  • the longitudinal beams 39 , 40 are mounted on a base frame 42 by screws 43 which are screwed into the threaded bores 41 from the under side 44 of the base frame 42 .
  • the longitudinal beams 39 , 40 are connected to guide walls 45 , 46 of the central frame 13 .

Landscapes

  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

This front axle unit is suitable for a toy vehicle for operation on a racetrack, for example, comprising a chassis for accommodating the rear axle unit as well as the front axle unit having the front wheels. To optimize this front axle unit, an adjustment device for the wheel base of the front wheels is provided between the front wheels of the front axle unit of the chassis.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • This application claims the priority of German Application No. 102004011934.1, filed Mar. 11, 2004, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
  • The present invention relates to a front axle unit for a toy vehicle, e.g., for operation on a racetrack, having a chassis which accommodates a rear axle unit as well as a front axle unit with front wheels.
  • DE 76 16 672 U1 shows a model vehicle having a chassis with a U-shaped cross section whose parallel legs run in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and support the rear front axles. The front axle has transverse control arms mounted on the legs and in turn connected to front wheels via wheel arms. The wheel base of the front wheels is invariable due to the given construction.
  • EP 1 275 424 A1 shows a comparable construction in the form of a remote-control, track-guided toy vehicle on a racetrack. The front axle has bearing sections for an axle shaft connected to the front wheels. The wheels are not spring mounted and their wheel base is fixed.
  • DE 37 22 618 C2 shows a toy vehicle having a vehicle body mounted on a chassis. The chassis has drive wheels and supporting wheels. Different selectable journals for these supporting wheels are provided for the supporting wheels on the two longitudinal sides of the chassis.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a front axle unit for a toy vehicle characterized by simple and functional construction. However, the wheel mount for the front wheels of the front axle unit should also operate with a high efficiency.
  • This and other objects have been achieved by providing a wheel base adjustment device between the front wheels of the front axle unit.
  • Some of the main advantages achieved with the present invention include the fact that due to the adjustment device for the wheel base of the front wheels, the driving properties of the toy vehicle can be influenced in a controlled manner. The adjustment device is not only simple to operate but also forms an easily implemented construction with the fixation device and the relatively mobile arm sections situated one above the other.
  • The novel construction is further supported by the gear teeth on the arm sections and an adjustment housing. Finally, the longitudinal control arms on the arm sections for the guidance of the front wheels form an advantageous wheel mount, whereby the longitudinal control arms with the arm sections constitute a shock-mounted composite control arm axle which contributes to a good driving performance of the toy vehicle in a controlled manner.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Other objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view from above of a chassis of a toy vehicle according to the present invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a similar perspective, enlarged view of a detail of the front axle unit shown in FIG. 1 axle according to the present invention,
  • FIG. 3 is a partial perspective, enlarged view of a detail from FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the front axle unit shown in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along line V-V in FIG. 1.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • A toy vehicle 1, of which only a chassis 2 is shown, is provided with a guide groove 4 for operation on a racetrack 3 shown schematically in FIG. 1. A nose-like guide element 5 of a guide mechanism 6 engages in the guide groove 4 and is connected to the chassis 2. The chassis 2 is connected to a front axle unit 9 comprising front wheels 7, 8 and to a rear axle unit 12 having rear wheels 10, 11. The front axle unit 9 and the rear axle unit 12 are optionally configured as modules or integral structures of the chassis 2. In the illustrated embodiment, the front axle unit 9 is a module connected to a central frame 13 of the chassis 2.
  • An adjustment device 14 as seen in FIG. 2 is operative between the front wheels 7, 8 of the front axle unit 9, to permit variations in the wheel base (medium wheel base Swm, larger wheel base Swg and smaller wheel base Swk) to be able to connect bodies of different sizes, for example, to the chassis 2, i.e., to achieve desired dynamic driving effects. The adjustment device 14 is provided on a transverse member 15 having two arm sections 16, 17 situated one above the other (see also FIG. 4). The arm sections 16, 17 are configured to be relatively mobile (in directions RI and RII) in relation to one another, but they can also be locked in position by fixing device 18. The arm sections 16, 17 of the transverse member 15 run across or transversely to the longitudinal direction A-A of the vehicle and have approximately rectangular plates 19, 20 (FIG. 4) which are provided on longitudinal sides 21, 22 with first gear teeth Vze. The first gear teeth Vze cooperates with the second gear teeth Vzz of an adjustment housing 23 of the fixation device 18. The adjustment housing 23 has a U-shaped cross section 24 with legs 25, 26 which serve to accommodate the plates 19, 20 of the respective arm sections 16, 17. The second gear teeth Vzz are arranged on the inside of the legs 25, 26. A catch part 27, which holds the arm sections 16, 17 in position in the adjustment housing 23, sits on the adjustment housing 23 above the U-shaped cross section 24. The adjustment housing 23 is mounted on a front axle frame 28 of the front axle unit 9.
  • The arm sections 16, 17 are connected to respective longitudinal control arms 29, 30 aligned in the longitudinal direction A-A of the vehicle adjustment to the front wheels 7, 8. These longitudinal control arms 29, 30 run approximately horizontally in a basic design position and, together with the arm sections 16, 17, form a composite control arm axle 31. The arm sections 16, 17 are therefore configured to have spring elasticity, with the front wheels 7, 8 adapting to the properties of the road surface of the racetrack 3 via the longitudinal control arms 29, 30 in operation of the toy vehicle 1. On the free sides 32, 33, the longitudinal control arms 29, 30 have fork- like receptacles 34, 35 for bearing bushings 36, 37 which surround an axle 38 carrying the front wheels 7, 8. The longitudinal control arms 29, 30 run in front of the axle 38 as seen in the travel direction B.
  • The front axle frame 28 of the front axle unit 9 is brought up to the central frame 13 with longitudinal arms 39, 40 extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction A-A with vertical threaded bores 41 (FIG. 5) integrated where into. The longitudinal beams 39, 40 are mounted on a base frame 42 by screws 43 which are screwed into the threaded bores 41 from the under side 44 of the base frame 42. Finally, the longitudinal beams 39, 40 are connected to guide walls 45, 46 of the central frame 13.
  • The foregoing disclosure has been set forth merely to illustrate the invention and is not intended to be limiting. Since modifications of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the invention may occur to persons skilled in the art, the invention should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (11)

1-10. (canceled)
11. The front axle unit for a toy vehicle operable on a racetrack, comprising a chassis for accommodating a vehicle rear axle unit and a front axle unit having front wheels, and an adjustment device for a wheel base of the front wheels between the front wheels.
12. A front axle unit of claim 11, wherein the adjustment device is operatively arranged on a transverse member having arm sections one above the other, so as to be mobile in relation to one another and lockable by a fixing device.
13. The front axle unit of claim 12, wherein the arm sections have approximately rectangular plates provided with first gear teeth on longitudinal sides thereof, said first gear teeth cooperating with second gear teeth of an adjustment housing of the fixing device.
14. The front axle unit of claim 13, wherein the adjustment housing has a U-shaped cross section for accommodating the plates; and a catch part is operatively arranged above the U-shaped cross section.
15. The front axle unit of claim 13, wherein the adjustment housing is operatively mounted on a front axle frame of the front axle unit.
16. The front axle unit of claim 12, wherein the arm sections are operatively connected to longitudinal control arms adjacent to the front wheels and configured to guide the front wheels.
17. The front axle unit of claim 16, wherein the longitudinal control arms and the arm sections constitute a composite steering axle.
18. The front axle unit of claim 16, wherein the longitudinal control arms (29 and 30) comprise fork-like receptacles for bearing bushes surrounding an axle shaft carrying the front wheels on free sides.
19. The front axle unit of claim 15, wherein the front axle frame comprises a longitudinal member arranged proximate a central frame of the chassis and integrated into threaded bores, and the longitudinal beams are mounted with screws on a base frame of the central frame, with the screws being screwed into the threaded bores from an underside of the base frame.
20. The front axle unit of claim 19, wherein the longitudinal beams are in contact with guide walls of the central frame.
US11/077,149 2004-03-11 2005-03-11 Front axle unit for a toy vehicle Abandoned US20050202747A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004011934.1 2004-03-11
DE102004011934A DE102004011934B4 (en) 2004-03-11 2004-03-11 Front axle unit for a toy vehicle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050202747A1 true US20050202747A1 (en) 2005-09-15

Family

ID=34895227

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/077,149 Abandoned US20050202747A1 (en) 2004-03-11 2005-03-11 Front axle unit for a toy vehicle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20050202747A1 (en)
CN (1) CN100571829C (en)
DE (1) DE102004011934B4 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050208869A1 (en) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-22 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Toy vehicle having an electric drive

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005002882B4 (en) * 2005-01-21 2013-09-26 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Chassis for a track-guided on a railway toy vehicle
DE102005002883B4 (en) * 2005-01-21 2013-10-10 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Rear axle of a chassis for a toy vehicle

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4298209A (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-11-03 John Peters Detachable roller skate with rear brake
US4545592A (en) * 1983-11-02 1985-10-08 Boris Taskovic Adjustable width luggage carrier apparatus
US4717367A (en) * 1986-01-21 1988-01-05 Marvin Glass & Associates Toy vehicle with extendable section
US5320574A (en) * 1991-07-31 1994-06-14 Ideal Loisirs Toy vehicle with steerable wheels
US5380231A (en) * 1993-11-15 1995-01-10 Lanard Toys Limited Toy that disassembles upon an impact
US5674105A (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-10-07 Namkung Promotions Inc. Self-propelled toy vehicle
US5791967A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-08-11 Yeh; Ping-Lin Toy car
US6164897A (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-12-26 Edwards; Jerry A Adjustment for tow dolly

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7616672U1 (en) * 1976-05-25 1976-09-16 Modellbau Heinrich Schnappinger, 7913 Senden READY TO DRIVE UNDERFRAME FOR A MODEL VEHICLE
DE3722618A1 (en) * 1987-07-09 1989-01-26 Kurt Hesse Toy vehicle
DD291297A5 (en) * 1990-01-02 1991-06-27 Sdag Wismut,De TRACK-WIDE CHANGING CHASSIS OPTIONAL FRONT OR ALL-WHEEL DRIVEN MACHINES
EP1275424A1 (en) * 2001-07-10 2003-01-15 Hornby Hobbies Limited Toy vehicle

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4298209A (en) * 1979-07-23 1981-11-03 John Peters Detachable roller skate with rear brake
US4545592A (en) * 1983-11-02 1985-10-08 Boris Taskovic Adjustable width luggage carrier apparatus
US4717367A (en) * 1986-01-21 1988-01-05 Marvin Glass & Associates Toy vehicle with extendable section
US5320574A (en) * 1991-07-31 1994-06-14 Ideal Loisirs Toy vehicle with steerable wheels
US5380231A (en) * 1993-11-15 1995-01-10 Lanard Toys Limited Toy that disassembles upon an impact
US5674105A (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-10-07 Namkung Promotions Inc. Self-propelled toy vehicle
US5791967A (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-08-11 Yeh; Ping-Lin Toy car
US6164897A (en) * 1998-06-30 2000-12-26 Edwards; Jerry A Adjustment for tow dolly

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050208869A1 (en) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-22 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Toy vehicle having an electric drive
US7429204B2 (en) * 2004-03-11 2008-09-30 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Toy vehicle having an electric drive

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN100571829C (en) 2009-12-23
DE102004011934B4 (en) 2009-08-20
CN1666804A (en) 2005-09-14
DE102004011934A1 (en) 2005-09-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103153663B (en) Two-wheel rut vehicle by the axletree of motorized motions
US7819411B2 (en) Six link independent suspension for a drive axle
US7429204B2 (en) Toy vehicle having an electric drive
US5540297A (en) Two-motor wheelchair with battery space
US7976037B2 (en) Front vehicle body structure
CA2560433A1 (en) Motor-driven power steering unit support structure
US20040140641A1 (en) Rear axle of a passenger vehicle with five individual links
DE60230209D1 (en) Vehicle suspension with camber change
RU2529234C2 (en) High-clearance vehicle suspension with spacer arranged between axle and bracket for attachment of wheel hub for control over operating clearance
US20050202747A1 (en) Front axle unit for a toy vehicle
DE50203049D1 (en) Front module with mounting bracket for a motor vehicle
US7445540B2 (en) Guide mechanism for a track-guided toy vehicle
US6557661B1 (en) Front axle suspension mechanism for utility vehicles
JP5027199B2 (en) Body
US6827627B2 (en) Magnetic steering assembly for a toy vehicle
CN111344166B (en) Single-wheel drive device for a motor vehicle and corresponding motor vehicle
CN115675624A (en) Angle module structure and vehicle
JP4872311B2 (en) Suspension member structure
KR100907068B1 (en) Wheel alignment regulator for vehicle
KR100568132B1 (en) Jig for assembling chassis module of automobiles for common use
CN100431875C (en) Supporting board steering wheel
KR100412700B1 (en) Rear suspension system for veicles
CN2811069Y (en) Steering wheel with carrier board
JP2007055417A (en) Suspension device
JP2004284520A (en) Suspension device for vehicle

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: DR. ING H.C.F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:REUTER, UWE;WEIDNER, THOMAS;KROENER, RALF;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016596/0206;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050221 TO 20050309

AS Assignment

Owner name: DR. ING. H.C.F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT (COMPAN

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:DR. ING. H.C.F. PORSCHE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT;REEL/FRAME:021184/0926

Effective date: 20070427

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION