US20050147884A1 - Nickel hydroxide composition with pectin binder - Google Patents

Nickel hydroxide composition with pectin binder Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20050147884A1
US20050147884A1 US10/988,948 US98894804A US2005147884A1 US 20050147884 A1 US20050147884 A1 US 20050147884A1 US 98894804 A US98894804 A US 98894804A US 2005147884 A1 US2005147884 A1 US 2005147884A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pectin
electrode
active
binder
nickel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/988,948
Inventor
Srinivasan Venkatesan
Boyko Aladjov
Kevin Fok
Thomas Hopper
Stanford Ovshinsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chevron Technology Ventures LLC
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US10/988,948 priority Critical patent/US20050147884A1/en
Publication of US20050147884A1 publication Critical patent/US20050147884A1/en
Assigned to CHEVRON TECHNOLOGY VENTURES LLC reassignment CHEVRON TECHNOLOGY VENTURES LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: OVONIC BATTERY COMPANY, INC.
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
    • H01M4/32—Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to alkaline electrochemical cells.
  • the present invention relates to active compositions for electrodes of alkaline electrochemical cells.
  • Rechargeable electrochemical cells may be classified as “nonaqueous” cells or “aqueous” cells.
  • An example of a nonaqueous electrochemical cell is a lithium-ion cell which uses intercalation compounds for both anode and cathode, and a liquid organic based or polymer electrolyte.
  • Aqueous electrochemical cells may be classified as either “acidic” or “alkaline”.
  • An example of an acidic electrochemical cell is a lead-acid cell which uses sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, lead dioxide as the active material of the positive electrode, and metallic lead, in a high-surface area porous structure, as the negative active material.
  • alkaline electrochemical cells are “nickel-based” alkaline cells. These cells use an alkaline electrolyte (such a potassium hydroxide) and nickel hydroxide as the active material for the positive electrode. Nickel hydroxide has been used for years as an active material for the positive electrode of alkaline batteries.
  • the reactions that take place at the positive electrode of a nickel-based rechargeable electrochemical cell are reversible and include the following chemical reaction: At the positive electrode, Ni(OH) 2 is oxidized to NiOOH during the charge operation. During discharge, the NiOOH is reduced to Ni(OH) 2 .
  • Ni-MH nickel-metal hydride cells
  • Ni—Cd nickel cadmium cells
  • Ni—Zn nickel-zinc cells
  • Ni-MH cells used negative electrode using a hydrogen storage alloy as the active material.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy is capable of reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen.
  • Ni-MH cells utilize a negative electrode that is capable of reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen, and a positive electrode of nickel hydroxide material.
  • the negative and positive electrodes are spaced apart in the alkaline electrolyte.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode Upon application of an electrical potential across a Ni-MH cell, the hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode is charged by the electrochemical discharge of hydrogen and the electrochemical generation of hydroxyl ions: The negative electrode reactions are reversible. Upon discharge, the stored hydrogen is released to form a water molecule and release an electron. (In a Ni—Cd cell, cadmium metal is the active material in the negative electrode).
  • the active electrode material for both the positive and negative electrodes is usually affixed to a conductive substrate to form the positive and negative battery electrodes.
  • One way to affix the active material to the conductive substrates is to first make the active materials into a paste by adding a small amount of binder and then applying this paste to the substrate.
  • the present invention is directed to a new active material composition including a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses. Electrodes incorporating this active composition have improved electrochemical and mechanical properties.
  • An aspect of the invention is an active composition for an electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising: an active electrode material; and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • an electrode for an alkaline electrochemical cell comprising: an active composition including: an active electrode material; and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • an alkaline electrochemical cell comprising: at least one positive electrode; at least one negative electrode; and an alkaline electrolyte, the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode having an active material composition including a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • the binder comprises a pectin.
  • the active material composition for use in an electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell.
  • the active material composition comprises an active electrode material and a binder.
  • the binder comprises a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • the binder may be a mixture of one or more of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a binder.
  • Examples of a monosaccharide include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
  • An example of a disaccharide is maltose.
  • An example of a pectin is a fruit pectin such as a citrus fruit pectin and an apple pectin.
  • An example of a molasses is the liquid left after sucrose has been removed from the mother liquid in sugar manufacture.
  • the active electrode material may either be a positive electrode material or a negative electrode material.
  • positive electrode materials include nickel hydroxide, manganese dioxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, manganese hydroxide, copper oxide, molybdenum oxide, carbon fluoride, etc.
  • negative electrode materials include zinc, cadmium hyroxide, hydrogen storage alloys, etc.
  • the active electrode material of the present invention is a nickel hydroxide material. It is within the spirit and scope of this invention that any nickel hydroxide material be used as the active material.
  • Example of nickel hydroxide materials are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,348,822 and 5,637,423, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
  • the active composition comprises an active electrode material and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • the binder comprises a pectin or a molasses.
  • the binder comprises a pectin.
  • the binder consists essentially of a pectin.
  • the binder comprises a molasses.
  • the binder consists essentially of a molasses.
  • the binder is preferably intermixed with the active electrode material. More preferably, the binder is intermixed with the active electrode material so as to form a paste. Hence, if the binder is in solid form, it is preferably dissolved in an appropriate solvent before being mixed with the active electrode material. After, the binder is dissolved, the active electrode material is added in order to form an active paste composition.
  • the binder is between about 0.1% and 2.0% by weight of the active material composition. More preferably, the binder is between about 0.2% and about 0.8% by weight of the active material composition. Most preferably, the binder is between about 0.3% and about 0.5% by weight of the active material composition.
  • An example of an active electrode composition of the present invention comprises about 88.6 wt % nickel hydroxide, about 5 wt % cobalt, about 6 wt % cobalt oxide, and about 0.4 wt % pectin.
  • an electrode for use in an alkaline electrochemical cell.
  • the electrode comprises the active material composition disclosed above.
  • the active material composition is affixed to a conductive substrate in order to form the electrode.
  • the conductive substrate is used as a support and as a current collector for the active material composition.
  • the electrode is formed by first forming the active composition. Mixing the active material with the binder (in solution) forms a paste which may be applied to the conductive substrate to form an electrode. After the paste is applied to the conductive substrate, the resulting electrode may then be allowed to dry. After the electrode is dried, it may then be compacted so as to obtain the required thickness. Compaction may be accomplished through the use of one or more rolling mills.
  • the conductive substrate may be any electrically conductive support known in the art capable of holding the active material composition. It is within the spirit and intent of this invention that any and all kinds of electrically conductive substrates may be used. Examples of substrate include foam, perforated metal, expanded metal, screen, matte, and a metal foil. Generally, any metal may be used as long as it is immune from corrosion at the pH and potential of the electrode. Examples of metals include nickel, nickel alloy, nickel plated steel, and nickel plated copper. Substrate for the negative electrode may further include copper or copper alloy.
  • the substrate is in the form of a metal foam comprising nickel, nickel alloy, nickel-plated steel (i.e., steel which is plated with nickel), or nickel-plated copper (i.e., copper which is plated with nickel).
  • the metal foam comprises nickel or a nickel alloy.
  • Other forms of substrate for example, a nickel foil
  • One embodiment of the electrode of the present invention is a nickel hydroxide electrode using an active material composition comprising nickel hydroxide and pectin.
  • an alkaline electrochemical cell comprising at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte.
  • the positive electrodes and/or the negative electrodes may be formed using the active material composition of the present invention. That is, the positive electrodes may be formed using an active positive electrode material and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • the negative electrode may be formed using an active negative electrode material and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • a Ni-MH electrochemical cell may be formed by using positive electrodes having an active composition comprising a nickel hydroxide material and pectin.
  • the negative electrodes comprise a hydrogen storage alloy as the active electrode material.
  • the negative electrodes may, in addition, have an active composition formed using a hydrogen storage alloy mixed with a pectin binder.
  • the alkaline electrolyte is an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such a potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or mixtures thereof.
  • a pectin binder to an active electrode material, such as a nickel hydroxide material, improves the durability and cycle life of the electrode.
  • an active electrode material such as a nickel hydroxide material
  • the positive electrode reaches full charge before the negative and begins to evolve oxygen, 2OH ⁇ ----H 2 0+1 ⁇ 2O 2 +2 e ⁇ (3)
  • the evolved oxygen can oxidize the positive electrode and cause its mechanical disintegration, thereby reducing the electrode's cycle life.
  • the oxidation can reduce the adhesion and electrical conductivity between the active nickel hydroxide particles and the substrate, thereby increasing the electrode's resistance and reducing the amount of power available for output.
  • the pectin binder is resistant to oxidation. Hence, while not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the pectin binder protects the electrode from oxidation and deterioration, thereby increasing the integrity and cycle life of the electrode. Furthermore, because it is resistance to oxidation, it is also believed that the pectin binder improves both the particle-to-particle and particle-to-substrate adhesion. The improved adhesion provides for better electrical contact (i.e., improved electrical conductivity) between the active particles and the substrate so as to reduce the internal resistance of the electrode. Hence, less power is wasted due to internal dissipation and more power is available to apply to an external load.
  • the improved adhesion keeps the active electrode material together thereby reducing the chance that active material particulate may become loose and penetrate one of the separators to cause an electrical short.
  • the improved adhesion also increases the flexibility of the electrode. Hence, the electrodes may be twisted, bent and wound more easily.
  • the improved adhesion also allows for making thinner electrodes. This may be accomplished by using a thinner substrate, such as a foil substrate, for supporting the active material. Because of the improved adhesion, the active composition remains attached to the thinner substrate. Thinner electrodes may also be made by increasing the amount of force used when compacting the active material onto the substrate. Using thinner electrodes allows for a greater number of electrodes to be placed within the case of the electrochemical cell. This also increases the power of the electrode and cell.
  • a first active positive electrode paste (the “control” material) was prepared using 88.6 wt % Ni(OH) 2 , 5.0 wt %, Co, 6 wt % CoO and 0.4 wt % PVA binder (polyvinyl alcohol) binder. The paste was affixed to a nickel foam substrate to form a “control” positive electrode.
  • a second active positive electrode paste was prepared using 88.6 wt % Ni(OH) 2 , 5.0 wt %, Co, 6 wt % CoO and 0.4 wt % pectin.
  • the pectin is a citrus pectin.
  • the paste was affixed to nickel foam substrates to form “pectin” positive electrodes.
  • a third active positive electrode paste was prepared using 88.6 wt % Ni(OH) 2 , 5.0 wt %, Co, 6 wt % CoO and 0.4 wt % molasses.
  • the paste was affixed to nickel foam substrates to form “molasses” positive electrodes.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

An active electrode composition comprising a nickel hydroxide material and a pectin. Preferably, the pectin comprises a citrus pectin.

Description

    RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION
  • This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/501,944 filed on Feb. 10, 2000. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/501,944 is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
    • FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to alkaline electrochemical cells. In particular, the present invention relates to active compositions for electrodes of alkaline electrochemical cells.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Rechargeable electrochemical cells may be classified as “nonaqueous” cells or “aqueous” cells. An example of a nonaqueous electrochemical cell is a lithium-ion cell which uses intercalation compounds for both anode and cathode, and a liquid organic based or polymer electrolyte. Aqueous electrochemical cells may be classified as either “acidic” or “alkaline”. An example of an acidic electrochemical cell is a lead-acid cell which uses sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, lead dioxide as the active material of the positive electrode, and metallic lead, in a high-surface area porous structure, as the negative active material.
  • Examples of alkaline electrochemical cells are “nickel-based” alkaline cells. These cells use an alkaline electrolyte (such a potassium hydroxide) and nickel hydroxide as the active material for the positive electrode. Nickel hydroxide has been used for years as an active material for the positive electrode of alkaline batteries. The reactions that take place at the positive electrode of a nickel-based rechargeable electrochemical cell are reversible and include the following chemical reaction:
    Figure US20050147884A1-20050707-C00001
    At the positive electrode, Ni(OH)2 is oxidized to NiOOH during the charge operation. During discharge, the NiOOH is reduced to Ni(OH)2. Examples of such nickel-based alkaline batteries include nickel-metal hydride cells (Ni-MH), nickel cadmium cells (Ni—Cd), and nickel-zinc cells (Ni—Zn). Ni-MH cells used negative electrode using a hydrogen storage alloy as the active material. The hydrogen storage alloy is capable of reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen.
  • In general, Ni-MH cells utilize a negative electrode that is capable of reversible electrochemical storage of hydrogen, and a positive electrode of nickel hydroxide material. The negative and positive electrodes are spaced apart in the alkaline electrolyte.
  • Upon application of an electrical potential across a Ni-MH cell, the hydrogen storage alloy of the negative electrode is charged by the electrochemical discharge of hydrogen and the electrochemical generation of hydroxyl ions:
    Figure US20050147884A1-20050707-C00002
    The negative electrode reactions are reversible. Upon discharge, the stored hydrogen is released to form a water molecule and release an electron. (In a Ni—Cd cell, cadmium metal is the active material in the negative electrode).
  • The active electrode material for both the positive and negative electrodes is usually affixed to a conductive substrate to form the positive and negative battery electrodes. One way to affix the active material to the conductive substrates is to first make the active materials into a paste by adding a small amount of binder and then applying this paste to the substrate. The present invention is directed to a new active material composition including a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses. Electrodes incorporating this active composition have improved electrochemical and mechanical properties.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • An aspect of the invention is an active composition for an electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising: an active electrode material; and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • Another aspect of the invention is an electrode for an alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising: an active composition including: an active electrode material; and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • Another aspect of the invention is an alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising: at least one positive electrode; at least one negative electrode; and an alkaline electrolyte, the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode having an active material composition including a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • Preferably, the binder comprises a pectin.
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • Disclosed herein is an active material composition for use in an electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell. Generally, the active material composition comprises an active electrode material and a binder. The binder comprises a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses. In addition, the binder may be a mixture of one or more of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a binder.
  • Examples of a monosaccharide include glucose, fructose, and galactose. An example of a disaccharide is maltose. An example of a pectin is a fruit pectin such as a citrus fruit pectin and an apple pectin. An example of a molasses is the liquid left after sucrose has been removed from the mother liquid in sugar manufacture.
  • Generally, the active electrode material may either be a positive electrode material or a negative electrode material. Examples of positive electrode materials include nickel hydroxide, manganese dioxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, manganese hydroxide, copper oxide, molybdenum oxide, carbon fluoride, etc. Examples of negative electrode materials include zinc, cadmium hyroxide, hydrogen storage alloys, etc.
  • Preferably, the active electrode material of the present invention is a nickel hydroxide material. It is within the spirit and scope of this invention that any nickel hydroxide material be used as the active material. Example of nickel hydroxide materials are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,348,822 and 5,637,423, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
  • As described, the active composition comprises an active electrode material and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses. Preferably, the binder comprises a pectin or a molasses. In one embodiment of the invention, the binder comprises a pectin. Preferably, the binder consists essentially of a pectin. In another embodiment of the invention, the binder comprises a molasses. Preferably, the binder consists essentially of a molasses.
  • The binder is preferably intermixed with the active electrode material. More preferably, the binder is intermixed with the active electrode material so as to form a paste. Hence, if the binder is in solid form, it is preferably dissolved in an appropriate solvent before being mixed with the active electrode material. After, the binder is dissolved, the active electrode material is added in order to form an active paste composition.
  • Preferably, the binder is between about 0.1% and 2.0% by weight of the active material composition. More preferably, the binder is between about 0.2% and about 0.8% by weight of the active material composition. Most preferably, the binder is between about 0.3% and about 0.5% by weight of the active material composition.
  • An example of an active electrode composition of the present invention comprises about 88.6 wt % nickel hydroxide, about 5 wt % cobalt, about 6 wt % cobalt oxide, and about 0.4 wt % pectin.
  • Also disclosed herein is an electrode for use in an alkaline electrochemical cell. The electrode comprises the active material composition disclosed above. The active material composition is affixed to a conductive substrate in order to form the electrode. The conductive substrate is used as a support and as a current collector for the active material composition. The electrode is formed by first forming the active composition. Mixing the active material with the binder (in solution) forms a paste which may be applied to the conductive substrate to form an electrode. After the paste is applied to the conductive substrate, the resulting electrode may then be allowed to dry. After the electrode is dried, it may then be compacted so as to obtain the required thickness. Compaction may be accomplished through the use of one or more rolling mills.
  • The conductive substrate may be any electrically conductive support known in the art capable of holding the active material composition. It is within the spirit and intent of this invention that any and all kinds of electrically conductive substrates may be used. Examples of substrate include foam, perforated metal, expanded metal, screen, matte, and a metal foil. Generally, any metal may be used as long as it is immune from corrosion at the pH and potential of the electrode. Examples of metals include nickel, nickel alloy, nickel plated steel, and nickel plated copper. Substrate for the negative electrode may further include copper or copper alloy. In one embodiment, the substrate is in the form of a metal foam comprising nickel, nickel alloy, nickel-plated steel (i.e., steel which is plated with nickel), or nickel-plated copper (i.e., copper which is plated with nickel). Preferably, the metal foam comprises nickel or a nickel alloy. Other forms of substrate (for example, a nickel foil) may be used to make a thinner electrode. One embodiment of the electrode of the present invention is a nickel hydroxide electrode using an active material composition comprising nickel hydroxide and pectin.
  • Also disclosed herein is an alkaline electrochemical cell comprising at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte. The positive electrodes and/or the negative electrodes may be formed using the active material composition of the present invention. That is, the positive electrodes may be formed using an active positive electrode material and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses. Also, the negative electrode may be formed using an active negative electrode material and a binder comprising a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, a pectin or a molasses.
  • For example, a Ni-MH electrochemical cell may be formed by using positive electrodes having an active composition comprising a nickel hydroxide material and pectin. The negative electrodes comprise a hydrogen storage alloy as the active electrode material. Optionally, the negative electrodes may, in addition, have an active composition formed using a hydrogen storage alloy mixed with a pectin binder. Typically, the alkaline electrolyte is an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such a potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or mixtures thereof.
  • The addition of a pectin binder to an active electrode material, such as a nickel hydroxide material, improves the durability and cycle life of the electrode. Specifically, during the charging process of a sealed nickel-metal hydride battery, the positive electrode reaches full charge before the negative and begins to evolve oxygen,
    2OH−----H 20+½O2+2e −  (3)
    The evolved oxygen can oxidize the positive electrode and cause its mechanical disintegration, thereby reducing the electrode's cycle life. In particular, the oxidation can reduce the adhesion and electrical conductivity between the active nickel hydroxide particles and the substrate, thereby increasing the electrode's resistance and reducing the amount of power available for output.
  • The pectin binder is resistant to oxidation. Hence, while not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the pectin binder protects the electrode from oxidation and deterioration, thereby increasing the integrity and cycle life of the electrode. Furthermore, because it is resistance to oxidation, it is also believed that the pectin binder improves both the particle-to-particle and particle-to-substrate adhesion. The improved adhesion provides for better electrical contact (i.e., improved electrical conductivity) between the active particles and the substrate so as to reduce the internal resistance of the electrode. Hence, less power is wasted due to internal dissipation and more power is available to apply to an external load.
  • In addition to increasing power, the improved adhesion keeps the active electrode material together thereby reducing the chance that active material particulate may become loose and penetrate one of the separators to cause an electrical short. The improved adhesion also increases the flexibility of the electrode. Hence, the electrodes may be twisted, bent and wound more easily.
  • The improved adhesion also allows for making thinner electrodes. This may be accomplished by using a thinner substrate, such as a foil substrate, for supporting the active material. Because of the improved adhesion, the active composition remains attached to the thinner substrate. Thinner electrodes may also be made by increasing the amount of force used when compacting the active material onto the substrate. Using thinner electrodes allows for a greater number of electrodes to be placed within the case of the electrochemical cell. This also increases the power of the electrode and cell.
    • EXAMPLE
  • A first active positive electrode paste (the “control” material) was prepared using 88.6 wt % Ni(OH)2, 5.0 wt %, Co, 6 wt % CoO and 0.4 wt % PVA binder (polyvinyl alcohol) binder. The paste was affixed to a nickel foam substrate to form a “control” positive electrode.
  • A second active positive electrode paste was prepared using 88.6 wt % Ni(OH)2, 5.0 wt %, Co, 6 wt % CoO and 0.4 wt % pectin. The pectin is a citrus pectin. The paste was affixed to nickel foam substrates to form “pectin” positive electrodes.
  • A third active positive electrode paste was prepared using 88.6 wt % Ni(OH)2, 5.0 wt %, Co, 6 wt % CoO and 0.4 wt % molasses. The paste was affixed to nickel foam substrates to form “molasses” positive electrodes.
  • Using the above identified “control”, “pectin” and “molasses” positive electrodes, three nickel metal hydride electrochemical cells were made using negative electrode comprising the same hydrogen storage alloy. All of the cells were cycled (charged/discharged) using the same procedure and the peak power was measured at 50% DOD (“depth of discharge”) and at 80% DOD. The results are presented in the Table. The peak power is provided in Watts per kilogram (W/kg).
    TABLE
    Peak Power
    (W/kg)
    50% DOD 80% DOD
    Control 254 226
    Pectin 274 238
    Molasses 286 238
  • It is to be understood that the disclosure set forth herein is presented in the form of detailed embodiments described for the purpose of making a full and complete disclosure of the present invention, and that such details are not to be interpreted as limiting the true scope of this invention as set forth and defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An active composition for an electrode of an alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising:
a nickel hydroxide material; and
a pectin.
2. The active composition of claim 1, wherein said pectin comprises a citrus pectin.
3. The active composition of claim 1, wherein said pectin is between about 0.1 and 2.0 weight percent of said active material composition.
4. A positive electrode for an alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising:
a nickel hydroxide material; and
a pectin.
5. The electrode of claim 4, wherein said pectin is a citrus pectin.
6. The electrode of claim 4, wherein said pectin is between about 0.1 and 2.0 weight percent of said active material composition.
7. An alkaline electrochemical cell, comprising:
at least one positive electrode;
at least one negative electrode; and
an alkaline electrolyte,
said positive electrode having an active material composition including a nickel hydroxide material and a pectin.
8. The electrochemical cell of claim 7, wherein said pectin comprises a citrus pectin.
9. The electrochemical cell of claim 7, wherein said pectin is between about 0.1 and 2.0 weight percent of said active material composition.
10. The electrochemical cell of claim 7, wherein said negative electrode comprises a hydrogen storage alloy.
US10/988,948 2000-02-10 2004-11-15 Nickel hydroxide composition with pectin binder Abandoned US20050147884A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/988,948 US20050147884A1 (en) 2000-02-10 2004-11-15 Nickel hydroxide composition with pectin binder

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/501,944 US6818348B1 (en) 2000-02-10 2000-02-10 Nickel hydroxide paste with molasses binder
US10/988,948 US20050147884A1 (en) 2000-02-10 2004-11-15 Nickel hydroxide composition with pectin binder

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/501,944 Continuation US6818348B1 (en) 2000-02-10 2000-02-10 Nickel hydroxide paste with molasses binder

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20050147884A1 true US20050147884A1 (en) 2005-07-07

Family

ID=23995660

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/501,944 Expired - Lifetime US6818348B1 (en) 2000-02-10 2000-02-10 Nickel hydroxide paste with molasses binder
US10/988,948 Abandoned US20050147884A1 (en) 2000-02-10 2004-11-15 Nickel hydroxide composition with pectin binder

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/501,944 Expired - Lifetime US6818348B1 (en) 2000-02-10 2000-02-10 Nickel hydroxide paste with molasses binder

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US6818348B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1258045A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001059866A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2385253A1 (en) 2002-10-09 2011-11-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Fluid delivery device, system and method
US7993108B2 (en) 2002-10-09 2011-08-09 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Variable volume, shape memory actuated insulin dispensing pump
US7727181B2 (en) * 2002-10-09 2010-06-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Fluid delivery device with autocalibration
US6830725B2 (en) * 2003-04-01 2004-12-14 Texaco Ovonic Battery Systems, Llc Hydrogen storage alloys having a high porosity surface layer
US7679407B2 (en) 2003-04-28 2010-03-16 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing peak detection circuitry for data communication systems
CN101180093B (en) 2005-03-21 2012-07-18 雅培糖尿病护理公司 Method and system for providing integrated medication infusion and analyte monitoring system
US7768408B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2010-08-03 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing data management in data monitoring system
US7620437B2 (en) 2005-06-03 2009-11-17 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rechargeable power in data monitoring and management systems
US7756561B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2010-07-13 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing rechargeable power in data monitoring and management systems
US7583190B2 (en) 2005-10-31 2009-09-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and apparatus for providing data communication in data monitoring and management systems
US8344966B2 (en) 2006-01-31 2013-01-01 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Method and system for providing a fault tolerant display unit in an electronic device
US8579853B2 (en) 2006-10-31 2013-11-12 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Infusion devices and methods
US8560082B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2013-10-15 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Computerized determination of insulin pump therapy parameters using real time and retrospective data processing
US8467972B2 (en) 2009-04-28 2013-06-18 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Closed loop blood glucose control algorithm analysis
EP4404212A3 (en) 2009-07-23 2024-10-02 Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. Real time management of data relating to physiological control of glucose levels

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5077149A (en) * 1990-09-26 1991-12-31 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Nickel/hydrogen storage battery and method of manufacturing the same

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4015056A (en) * 1976-03-15 1977-03-29 Esb Incorporated Method of manufacturing a stable divalent silver oxide depolarizer mix
US4906539A (en) * 1987-07-08 1990-03-06 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Sintered type negative cadmium electrode for an alkaline storage cell and method of manufacturing the same
JPH02244555A (en) * 1989-03-17 1990-09-28 Yuasa Battery Co Ltd Zinc electrode for alkaline storage battery
US5132177A (en) * 1990-03-23 1992-07-21 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Alkaline storage cell
US5707756A (en) * 1994-11-29 1998-01-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Non-aqueous secondary battery
JP3196605B2 (en) * 1995-10-24 2001-08-06 松下電器産業株式会社 Non-sintered nickel positive electrode and alkaline storage battery using the positive electrode

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5077149A (en) * 1990-09-26 1991-12-31 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Nickel/hydrogen storage battery and method of manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001059866A1 (en) 2001-08-16
EP1258045A1 (en) 2002-11-20
US6818348B1 (en) 2004-11-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6617072B2 (en) Positive active electrode composition with graphite additive
US5187033A (en) Lithium secondary battery
US6818348B1 (en) Nickel hydroxide paste with molasses binder
US3785868A (en) Zinc electrode
EP1195832A1 (en) A high-temperature nickel-hydrogen battery and producing method thereof
US10763500B2 (en) Zinc electrodes for batteries
WO2002059986A2 (en) Electrode with flag-shaped tap
EP0901179B1 (en) Alkaline storage battery
JP2925604B2 (en) Processing method of hydrogen storage alloy for alkaline secondary battery
US3202544A (en) Alkaline accumulator
JP2000294294A (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
US5984982A (en) Electrochemical synthesis of cobalt oxyhydroxide
JP3200822B2 (en) Nickel-metal hydride storage battery
US6455195B1 (en) Hydrogen absorbing alloy electrodes and nickel-metal hydride batteries using the same
JPH0536401A (en) Lithium secondary battery
JP3263603B2 (en) Alkaline storage battery
JP2858862B2 (en) Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery
JP3429684B2 (en) Hydrogen storage electrode
EP1093673A1 (en) Active electrode compositions comprising raney based catalysts and materials
EP0567132B1 (en) Sealed type nickel/hydrogen alkaline storage battery
KR100472928B1 (en) Electrolyte for Nickel-Metal Hydride Secondary Battery and Nickel-Metal Hydride Secondary Battery Having the Electrolyte
CN1976098A (en) Alkaline secondary battery positive electrode material and alkaline secondary battery
JP2950895B2 (en) Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery
US3672997A (en) Sealed metallic oxide-indium secondary battery
JP3343413B2 (en) Alkaline secondary battery

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: CHEVRON TECHNOLOGY VENTURES LLC, TEXAS

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:OVONIC BATTERY COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:018816/0526

Effective date: 20070125

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION