US20050018406A1 - Stack up assembly - Google Patents
Stack up assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20050018406A1 US20050018406A1 US10/923,332 US92333204A US2005018406A1 US 20050018406 A1 US20050018406 A1 US 20050018406A1 US 92333204 A US92333204 A US 92333204A US 2005018406 A1 US2005018406 A1 US 2005018406A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- circuit board
- stack
- assembly
- printed circuit
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
- H01L23/433—Auxiliary members in containers characterised by their shape, e.g. pistons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
- H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
- H01L23/367—Cooling facilitated by shape of device
- H01L23/3675—Cooling facilitated by shape of device characterised by the shape of the housing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0201—Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
- H05K1/0203—Cooling of mounted components
- H05K1/021—Components thermally connected to metal substrates or heat-sinks by insert mounting
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/14—Structural association of two or more printed circuits
- H05K1/144—Stacked arrangements of planar printed circuit boards
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0201—Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
- H05K1/0203—Cooling of mounted components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0201—Thermal arrangements, e.g. for cooling, heating or preventing overheating
- H05K1/0203—Cooling of mounted components
- H05K1/0204—Cooling of mounted components using means for thermal conduction connection in the thickness direction of the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/04—Assemblies of printed circuits
- H05K2201/042—Stacked spaced PCBs; Planar parts of folded flexible circuits having mounted components in between or spaced from each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/06—Thermal details
- H05K2201/066—Heatsink mounted on the surface of the PCB
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the field of heat sinks and more specifically to the field of heat sinks configured to conduct heat from heat-generating devices on two different printed circuit boards.
- Many current systems include a plurality of printed circuit boards. These boards may each include a plurality of heat-generating devices requiring cooling to remain within their operating temperatures. Some commonly available current systems configure the printed circuit boards such that they are parallel with each other and then force airflow across the printed circuit boards, thus cooling the heat-generating devices attached to the printed circuit boards.
- the individual heat-generating devices may include heat sinks to make more efficient use of the heat transfer properties of the airflow.
- standard techniques such as individual heat sinks and wide gaps between parallel printed circuit boards are no longer sufficient to provide the compact size required of many devices today.
- Some printed circuit boards and their devices are configured to allow the use of a single heat sink across a plurality of individual heat-generating devices. This allows the use of larger heat sinks that are more efficient and cheaper and easier to manufacture than a plurality of individual heat sinks.
- two printed circuit boards contain devices with functions that must be closely mated for optimal performance.
- a power module board is most effective when it is as close as possible to the printed circuit board including the ASICs or microprocessors to which the power module board is supplying power. This closeness reduces voltage drops along the, now shortened, interconnect between the power module and the ASICs or microprocessors.
- devices on both the power module board and the microprocessor printed circuit board require heat sinks to efficiently dissipate the heat generated by the heat-generating devices on those boards.
- One technique involves placing the power module board and the printed circuit board back-to-back with their heat sinks facing outwards from the two boards.
- this technique results in a system requiring two airflows over the two sets of heat sinks for efficient cooling. This requirement causes the overall volume of the completed device to increase, along with the cost of providing two airflows.
- two sets of heat sinks and two airflows are still required.
- a first printed circuit board is built including one or more openings configured to correspond to heat-generating devices attached to a second printed circuit board.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are aligned with each other and a heat sink, such that the heat sink is thermally coupled with heat-generating devices on both the first and second printed circuit boards.
- the heat sink may be a heat spreader, cold plate, refrigeration (evaporative cooling) plate, heat pipe or any other device configured to remove heat from the heat-generating devices.
- the first and second printed circuit boards may be electrically coupled with each other through an electrical connector.
- heat-generating devices may be mechanically and electrically coupled with the second printed circuit board through interposers configured (upon assembly) to raise the heat-generating electronic devices through the openings in the first printed circuit board to contact a heat sink.
- FIG. 1A is a top view of an example embodiment of a first printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a first printed circuit board from FIG. 1A along section line A-A.
- FIG. 2A is a top view of an example embodiment of a second printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a second printed circuit board from FIG. 2A along section line B-B.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly before assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards from FIGS. 1 and 2 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly after complete assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards from FIGS. 1 and 2 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a top view of an example embodiment of a second printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a second printed circuit board from FIG. 4A along section line C-C.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly before assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards from FIGS. 1 and 4 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly after complete assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards from FIGS. 1 and 4 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1A is a top view of an example embodiment of a first printed circuit board including heat-generating electronic devices according to the present invention.
- a first printed circuit board 100 including a first opening 102 , a second opening 104 , a third opening 106 , and a fourth opening 108 is provided.
- Other embodiments of the present inventions may include any number of openings as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention.
- Also included on this first printed circuit board 100 are a number of first heat-generating devices 110 .
- the terminology “first heat-generating devices” is used to distinguish these heat-generating devices on the first printed circuit board from those present on the second printed circuit board discussed below. As shown in FIGS.
- an upper surface of the first heat-generating devices may be substantially coplanar with (or even above) an upper surface of the heat-generating devices on the second printed circuit board. While this example embodiment of the present invention included five first heat-generating devices 110 , other embodiments may include any number of first heat-generating devices 110 as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention. These first heat-generating devices 110 may include electronic power circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), microprocessors, discrete electronic devices such as field effect transistors (FETs), other types of transistors, or other heat-generating electronic devices as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention. In some embodiments of the present invention this first printed circuit board 100 may be a power module circuit board, a voltage regulation module (VRM) circuit board, or any other type of device as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention.
- VRM voltage regulation module
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a first printed circuit board from FIG. 1A along section line A-A.
- the first printed circuit board 100 is shown with a first opening 102 , and a second opening 104 . Also shown in this cross-sectional view is one of the upper heat-generating electronic devices 110 from FIG. 1A .
- FIG. 2A is a top view of an example embodiment of a second printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention.
- a second printed circuit board 200 is provided including a second heat-generating device 202 , a third heat-generating device 204 , a fourth heat-generating device 206 , and a fifth heat-generating device 208 .
- Other embodiments of the present invention may include any number of heat-generating devices as needed for a particular implementation of the invention.
- heat-generating devices 202 , 204 , 206 , and 208 may include electronic power circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), microprocessors, discrete electronic devices such as field effect transistors (FETs), other types of transistors, or other heat-generating devices as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- FETs field effect transistors
- Also included on this second printed circuit board 200 are a number of other devices 210 that may or may not generate heat, along with a plurality of discrete devices 212 , (such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes, for example) that also may or may not generate heat.
- discrete devices 212 such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes, for example
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a second printed circuit board from FIG. 2A along section line B-B.
- the second printed circuit board 200 is shown with a second heat-generating device 202 , a third heat-generating device 204 , and two discrete devices 212 .
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly before assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards from FIGS. 1 and 2 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention.
- This example embodiment of a stack up according to the present invention includes the first printed circuit board 100 from FIG. 1 , the second printed circuit board 200 from FIG. 2 , along with an example embodiment of a heat sink 300 according to the present invention.
- a heat sink 300 Those of skill in the art will recognize that a wide variety of thermal devices may be used as a heat sink 300 . While a standard finned heat sink 300 is shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 3A and 3B other example embodiments of the present invention may use heat spreaders, cold plates, refrigeration (evaporative cooling) plates, heat pipes, or other thermal devices in place of the finned heat sink shown in these figures.
- This cross-sectional view of an example stack up shows the first printed circuit board 100 from FIG. 1B and the second printed circuit board 200 from FIG. 2B .
- the first printed circuit board 100 is shown with a first opening 102 , and a second opening 104 .
- Also shown in this cross-sectional view is one of the first heat-generating devices 110 from FIG. 1A .
- the second printed circuit board 200 is shown with a second heat-generating device 202 , a third heat-generating device 204 , and two discrete devices 212 .
- the heat sink 300 includes a first protrusion 302 , and a second protrusion 304 configured to pass through the first opening 102 and the second opening 104 of the first printed circuit board 100 and make contact with the second heat-generating device 202 and the third heat-generating device 204 on the second printed circuit board 200 .
- the heat sink 300 may be a thermal plate, a vapor plate, a heat pipe, or any other thermal device capable of removing heat from the heat-generating devices on the first and second printed circuit boards.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly after complete assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards from FIGS. 1 and 2 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention.
- the first printed circuit board 100 is mechanically and electrically coupled with the second printed circuit board 200 through one or more electrical connectors 306 .
- These electrical connectors 306 may be configured to set the distance between the first and second printed circuit boards 100 , and 200 such that the heat sink 300 makes thermal contact with the first heat-generating devices 110 on the first printed circuit board 100 along with the heat-generating devices 202 , and 204 on the second printed circuit board 200 .
- the discrete devices 212 attached to the second printed circuit board 200 in this example embodiment of the present invention are not thermally coupled to the heat sink. Those of skill in the art will recognize that these discrete devices 212 may not require cooling through the heat sink 300 if their heat output is low. Also, there may be some cooling of these devices 212 by air flowing between the first and second printed circuit boards 100 , and 200 . While this example stack up of the present invention shows two openings 102 , and 104 in the first printed circuit board 100 and two heat-generating devices 202 , and 204 attached to the second printed circuit board 200 , those of skill in the art will recognize that any number of openings in the first printed circuit board 100 may be used to provide heat sink access to any number of heat generating devices on the second printed circuit board 200 .
- FIG. 4A is a top view of an example embodiment of a second printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention.
- This example embodiment of the present invention is similar to that shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B .
- the heat-generating devices 402 , 404 , 406 , and 408 are packaged in pin grid array (PGA) packages and supported by interposers 414 attached to the second printed circuit board 400 .
- PGA pin grid array
- a second printed circuit board 400 is provided including a second heat-generating device 402 , a third heat-generating device 404 , a fourth heat-generating device 406 , and a fifth heat-generating device 408 .
- heat-generating devices 402 , 404 , 406 , and 408 are mechanically and electrically coupled with the second printed circuit board 400 through interposers 414 that are shown in FIG. 4B .
- Other embodiments of the present invention may include any number of heat-generating devices as needed for a particular implementation of the invention.
- These heat-generating devices 402 , 404 , 406 , and 408 may include electronic power circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), microprocessors, transistors, discrete devices, or other heat-generating electronic devices as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention.
- ASICs application specific integrated circuits
- this second printed circuit board 400 includes a number of other devices 410 that may or may not generate heat, along with a plurality of discrete devices 412 , (such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes, for example) that also may or may not generate heat.
- a plurality of discrete devices 412 such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes, for example
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a second printed circuit board from FIG. 4A along section line C-C.
- the second printed circuit board 400 is shown with a second heat-generating device 402 , a third heat-generating device 404 , and two discrete devices 412 .
- the second and third heat-generating devices 402 , and 404 are mechanically and electrically coupled to the second printed circuit board 400 through interposers 414 .
- the interposers 414 may also include a socket configured to allow insertion and removal of the heat-generating devices 402 , and 404 .
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly before assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards from FIGS. 1 and 4 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention.
- This example embodiment of a stack up according to the present invention includes the first printed circuit board 100 from FIG. 1 , the second printed circuit board 400 from FIG. 4 , along with an example embodiment of a heat sink 500 according to the present invention.
- This cross-sectional view of an example stack up shows the first printed circuit board 100 from FIG. 1B and the second printed circuit board 400 from FIG. 4B .
- the first printed circuit board 100 is shown with a first opening 102 , and a second opening 104 .
- the second printed circuit board 400 is shown with a second heat-generating device 402 , a third heat-generating device 404 , two discrete devices 412 , and two interposers 414 supporting the second and third heat-generating devices 402 , and 404 .
- the heat sink 500 includes a flat bottom unlike the heat sink 300 shown in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly after complete assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards from FIGS. 1 and 4 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention.
- the first printed circuit board 100 is mechanically and electrically coupled with the second printed circuit board 400 through one or more electrical connectors 502 .
- These electrical connectors 502 may be configured to set the distance between the first and second printed circuit boards 100 , and 400 such that the heat sink 500 makes thermal contact with the first heat-generating devices 110 on the first printed circuit board 100 along with the heat-generating devices 402 , and 404 on the second printed circuit board 400 .
- the interposers 414 mechanically and electrically coupling the heat-generating devices 402 , and 404 to the second printed circuit board 400 are configured to position the heat-generating devices such that their top surfaces are substantially co-planar with each other and the heat-generating devices 104 attached to the first printed circuit board 100 .
- This allows the use of a single heat sink 500 with a substantially planar bottom surface to contact all of the heat-generating devices 104 , 402 , and 404 on the first and second printed circuit boards 100 , and 200 that the designer desires to be thermally coupled to the heat sink 500 .
- the discrete devices 412 attached to the second printed circuit board 400 in this example embodiment of the present invention are not thermally coupled to the heat sink.
- these discrete devices 412 may not require cooling through the heat sink 500 if their heat output is low. Also, there may be some cooling of these devices 412 by air flowing between the first and second printed circuit boards 100 , and 400 . While this example stack up of the present invention shows two openings 102 , and 104 in the first printed circuit board 100 and two heat-generating devices 402 , and 404 attached to the second printed circuit board 400 , those of skill in the art will recognize that any number of openings in the first printed circuit board 100 may be used to provide heat sink access to any number of heat generating devices on the second printed circuit board 400 .
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention.
- a first printed circuit board including a first heat-generating device and having a first opening is provided in a step 602 .
- a second printed circuit board is provided in a step 604 .
- a second heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are mechanically coupled.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are electrically coupled through an electrical connector.
- a heat sink having a first protrusion is provided.
- the heat sink is mechanically coupled to the first and second printed circuit boards in a step 616 , the heat sink is thermally coupled to the first heat-generating device and the second heat-generating device.
- FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention.
- a first printed circuit board including a first heat-generating device and having first and second openings is provided in a step 702 .
- a second printed circuit board is provided in a step 704 .
- a second heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board.
- a third heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are mechanically coupled.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are electrically coupled through an electrical connector.
- a heat sink having a first and second protrusion is provided.
- the heat sink is mechanically coupled to the first and second printed circuit boards.
- the heat sink is thermally coupled to the first, second, and third heat-generating devices.
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention.
- a first printed circuit board including a first heat-generating device and having a first opening is provided in a step 802 .
- a second printed circuit board is provided in a step 804 .
- a first interposer is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board.
- a second heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the first interposer.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are mechanically coupled.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are electrically coupled through an electrical connector.
- a heat sink is provided.
- the heat sink is mechanically coupled to the first and second printed circuit boards.
- the heat sink is thermally coupled to the first and second heat-generating devices.
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention.
- a first printed circuit board including a first heat-generating device and having first and second openings is provided in a step 902 .
- a second printed circuit board is provided in a step 904 .
- a first interposer is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board.
- a second interposer is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board.
- a second heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the first interposer.
- a third heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second interposer.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are mechanically coupled.
- the first and second printed circuit boards are electrically coupled through an electrical connector.
- a heat sink is provided.
- the heat sink is mechanically coupled to the first and second printed circuit boards.
- the heat sink is thermally coupled to the first, second, and third heat-generating devices.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A first printed circuit board is built including one or more openings configured to correspond to heat-generating devices attached to a second printed circuit board. The first and second printed circuit boards are aligned with each other and a heat sink, such that the heat sink is thermally coupled with heat-generating electronic devices on both the first and second printed circuit boards. Optionally, the first and second printed circuit boards may be electrically coupled with each other through an electrical connector. Also optionally, heat-generating devices may be mechanically and electrically coupled with the second printed circuit board through interposers configured (upon assembly) to raise the heat-generating devices through the openings in the first printed circuit board to contact a heat sink.
Description
- This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 10/425,548 also entitled, “Stack Up Assembly,” filed on Apr. 28, 2003 hereby incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates generally to the field of heat sinks and more specifically to the field of heat sinks configured to conduct heat from heat-generating devices on two different printed circuit boards.
- Modern electronics have benefited from the ability to fabricate devices on a smaller and smaller scale. As the ability to shrink devices has improved, so has their performance. Unfortunately, this improvement in performance is accompanied by an increase in power as well as power density in devices, resulting in large amounts of heat. In order to maintain the reliability of these devices, the industry must find new methods to remove this heat efficiently.
- Many current systems include a plurality of printed circuit boards. These boards may each include a plurality of heat-generating devices requiring cooling to remain within their operating temperatures. Some commonly available current systems configure the printed circuit boards such that they are parallel with each other and then force airflow across the printed circuit boards, thus cooling the heat-generating devices attached to the printed circuit boards. The individual heat-generating devices may include heat sinks to make more efficient use of the heat transfer properties of the airflow. However, as devices shrink in size and heat generation increases, standard techniques such as individual heat sinks and wide gaps between parallel printed circuit boards are no longer sufficient to provide the compact size required of many devices today.
- Some printed circuit boards and their devices are configured to allow the use of a single heat sink across a plurality of individual heat-generating devices. This allows the use of larger heat sinks that are more efficient and cheaper and easier to manufacture than a plurality of individual heat sinks. Often, two printed circuit boards contain devices with functions that must be closely mated for optimal performance. For example, a power module board is most effective when it is as close as possible to the printed circuit board including the ASICs or microprocessors to which the power module board is supplying power. This closeness reduces voltage drops along the, now shortened, interconnect between the power module and the ASICs or microprocessors. Typically, devices on both the power module board and the microprocessor printed circuit board require heat sinks to efficiently dissipate the heat generated by the heat-generating devices on those boards. One technique involves placing the power module board and the printed circuit board back-to-back with their heat sinks facing outwards from the two boards. However, this technique results in a system requiring two airflows over the two sets of heat sinks for efficient cooling. This requirement causes the overall volume of the completed device to increase, along with the cost of providing two airflows. Similarly, when a single printed circuit board is used and the power module is placed on the opposing side of the printed circuit board, two sets of heat sinks and two airflows are still required. Other configurations may place the power module components on the same side of a single printed circuit board with the other components, reducing the airflows required to one. However, this configuration may not allow the shortest possible power supply connections to the ASICs, microprocessors, or other devices.
- A first printed circuit board is built including one or more openings configured to correspond to heat-generating devices attached to a second printed circuit board. The first and second printed circuit boards are aligned with each other and a heat sink, such that the heat sink is thermally coupled with heat-generating devices on both the first and second printed circuit boards. Within the scope of the present invention the heat sink may be a heat spreader, cold plate, refrigeration (evaporative cooling) plate, heat pipe or any other device configured to remove heat from the heat-generating devices. Optionally, the first and second printed circuit boards may be electrically coupled with each other through an electrical connector. Also optionally, heat-generating devices may be mechanically and electrically coupled with the second printed circuit board through interposers configured (upon assembly) to raise the heat-generating electronic devices through the openings in the first printed circuit board to contact a heat sink.
- Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the principles of the invention.
-
FIG. 1A is a top view of an example embodiment of a first printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention. -
FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a first printed circuit board fromFIG. 1A along section line A-A. -
FIG. 2A is a top view of an example embodiment of a second printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention. -
FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a second printed circuit board fromFIG. 2A along section line B-B. -
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly before assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards fromFIGS. 1 and 2 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention. -
FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly after complete assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards fromFIGS. 1 and 2 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention. -
FIG. 4A is a top view of an example embodiment of a second printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention. -
FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a second printed circuit board fromFIG. 4A along section line C-C. -
FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly before assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards fromFIGS. 1 and 4 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention. -
FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly after complete assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards fromFIGS. 1 and 4 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention. -
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention. -
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention. -
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention. -
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention. -
FIG. 1A is a top view of an example embodiment of a first printed circuit board including heat-generating electronic devices according to the present invention. In this example embodiment of the present invention a first printedcircuit board 100 including afirst opening 102, asecond opening 104, athird opening 106, and afourth opening 108 is provided. Other embodiments of the present inventions may include any number of openings as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention. Also included on this first printedcircuit board 100 are a number of first heat-generatingdevices 110. The terminology “first heat-generating devices” is used to distinguish these heat-generating devices on the first printed circuit board from those present on the second printed circuit board discussed below. As shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B , an upper surface of the first heat-generating devices may be substantially coplanar with (or even above) an upper surface of the heat-generating devices on the second printed circuit board. While this example embodiment of the present invention included five first heat-generatingdevices 110, other embodiments may include any number of first heat-generatingdevices 110 as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention. These first heat-generatingdevices 110 may include electronic power circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), microprocessors, discrete electronic devices such as field effect transistors (FETs), other types of transistors, or other heat-generating electronic devices as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention. In some embodiments of the present invention this first printedcircuit board 100 may be a power module circuit board, a voltage regulation module (VRM) circuit board, or any other type of device as needed for a particular implementation of the present invention. -
FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a first printed circuit board fromFIG. 1A along section line A-A. In this example embodiment of the present invention, the first printedcircuit board 100 is shown with afirst opening 102, and asecond opening 104. Also shown in this cross-sectional view is one of the upper heat-generatingelectronic devices 110 fromFIG. 1A . -
FIG. 2A is a top view of an example embodiment of a second printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention. In this example embodiment of the present invention a second printedcircuit board 200 is provided including a second heat-generatingdevice 202, a third heat-generatingdevice 204, a fourth heat-generatingdevice 206, and a fifth heat-generatingdevice 208. Other embodiments of the present invention may include any number of heat-generating devices as needed for a particular implementation of the invention. These heat-generatingdevices circuit board 200 are a number ofother devices 210 that may or may not generate heat, along with a plurality ofdiscrete devices 212, (such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes, for example) that also may or may not generate heat. Those of skill in the art will recognize that any of the printed circuit boards may includediscrete devices 212, or other heat-generating devices that are not directly coupled with the heat sink. -
FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a second printed circuit board fromFIG. 2A along section line B-B. In this example embodiment of the present invention, the second printedcircuit board 200 is shown with a second heat-generatingdevice 202, a third heat-generatingdevice 204, and twodiscrete devices 212. -
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly before assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards fromFIGS. 1 and 2 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention. This example embodiment of a stack up according to the present invention includes the first printedcircuit board 100 fromFIG. 1 , the second printedcircuit board 200 fromFIG. 2 , along with an example embodiment of aheat sink 300 according to the present invention. Those of skill in the art will recognize that a wide variety of thermal devices may be used as aheat sink 300. While a standardfinned heat sink 300 is shown inFIGS. 3A and 3B , other example embodiments of the present invention may use heat spreaders, cold plates, refrigeration (evaporative cooling) plates, heat pipes, or other thermal devices in place of the finned heat sink shown in these figures. This cross-sectional view of an example stack up shows the first printedcircuit board 100 fromFIG. 1B and the second printedcircuit board 200 fromFIG. 2B . In this example embodiment of the present invention, the first printedcircuit board 100 is shown with afirst opening 102, and asecond opening 104. Also shown in this cross-sectional view is one of the first heat-generatingdevices 110 fromFIG. 1A . In this example embodiment of the present invention, the second printedcircuit board 200 is shown with a second heat-generatingdevice 202, a third heat-generatingdevice 204, and twodiscrete devices 212. Note that theheat sink 300 includes afirst protrusion 302, and asecond protrusion 304 configured to pass through thefirst opening 102 and thesecond opening 104 of the first printedcircuit board 100 and make contact with the second heat-generatingdevice 202 and the third heat-generatingdevice 204 on the second printedcircuit board 200. Those of skill in the art will recognize that there is no requirement that the bottom surfaces of thefirst protrusion 302 and thesecond protrusion 304 be co-planar. Note that in some embodiments of the present invention, theheat sink 300 may be a thermal plate, a vapor plate, a heat pipe, or any other thermal device capable of removing heat from the heat-generating devices on the first and second printed circuit boards. -
FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly after complete assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards fromFIGS. 1 and 2 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention. After the example stack up shown inFIG. 3A is assembled, the first printedcircuit board 100 is mechanically and electrically coupled with the second printedcircuit board 200 through one or moreelectrical connectors 306. Theseelectrical connectors 306 may be configured to set the distance between the first and second printedcircuit boards heat sink 300 makes thermal contact with the first heat-generatingdevices 110 on the first printedcircuit board 100 along with the heat-generatingdevices circuit board 200. Thediscrete devices 212 attached to the second printedcircuit board 200 in this example embodiment of the present invention are not thermally coupled to the heat sink. Those of skill in the art will recognize that thesediscrete devices 212 may not require cooling through theheat sink 300 if their heat output is low. Also, there may be some cooling of thesedevices 212 by air flowing between the first and second printedcircuit boards openings circuit board 100 and two heat-generatingdevices circuit board 200, those of skill in the art will recognize that any number of openings in the first printedcircuit board 100 may be used to provide heat sink access to any number of heat generating devices on the second printedcircuit board 200. -
FIG. 4A is a top view of an example embodiment of a second printed circuit board including heat-generating devices according to the present invention. This example embodiment of the present invention is similar to that shown inFIGS. 2A and 2B . However, in this example embodiment of the present invention, the heat-generatingdevices interposers 414 attached to the second printedcircuit board 400. In this example embodiment of the present invention a second printedcircuit board 400 is provided including a second heat-generatingdevice 402, a third heat-generatingdevice 404, a fourth heat-generatingdevice 406, and a fifth heat-generatingdevice 408. These heat-generatingdevices circuit board 400 throughinterposers 414 that are shown inFIG. 4B . Other embodiments of the present invention may include any number of heat-generating devices as needed for a particular implementation of the invention. These heat-generatingdevices circuit board 400 are a number ofother devices 410 that may or may not generate heat, along with a plurality ofdiscrete devices 412, (such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, and diodes, for example) that also may or may not generate heat. -
FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the example embodiment of a second printed circuit board fromFIG. 4A along section line C-C. In this example embodiment of the present invention, the second printedcircuit board 400 is shown with a second heat-generatingdevice 402, a third heat-generatingdevice 404, and twodiscrete devices 412. The second and third heat-generatingdevices circuit board 400 throughinterposers 414. Note that in some example embodiments of the present invention theinterposers 414 may also include a socket configured to allow insertion and removal of the heat-generatingdevices -
FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly before assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards fromFIGS. 1 and 4 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention. This example embodiment of a stack up according to the present invention includes the first printedcircuit board 100 fromFIG. 1 , the second printedcircuit board 400 fromFIG. 4 , along with an example embodiment of aheat sink 500 according to the present invention. This cross-sectional view of an example stack up shows the first printedcircuit board 100 fromFIG. 1B and the second printedcircuit board 400 fromFIG. 4B . In this example embodiment of the present invention, the first printedcircuit board 100 is shown with afirst opening 102, and asecond opening 104. Also shown in this cross-sectional view is one of the first heat-generatingdevices 110 fromFIG. 1A . In this example embodiment of the present invention, the second printedcircuit board 400 is shown with a second heat-generatingdevice 402, a third heat-generatingdevice 404, twodiscrete devices 412, and twointerposers 414 supporting the second and third heat-generatingdevices heat sink 500 includes a flat bottom unlike theheat sink 300 shown inFIG. 3 . -
FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of an example stack up assembly after complete assembly of the example embodiments of first and second printed circuit boards fromFIGS. 1 and 4 along with an example embodiment of a heat sink according to the present invention. After the example stack up shown inFIG. 5A is assembled, the first printedcircuit board 100 is mechanically and electrically coupled with the second printedcircuit board 400 through one or moreelectrical connectors 502. Theseelectrical connectors 502 may be configured to set the distance between the first and second printedcircuit boards heat sink 500 makes thermal contact with the first heat-generatingdevices 110 on the first printedcircuit board 100 along with the heat-generatingdevices circuit board 400. Note that theinterposers 414 mechanically and electrically coupling the heat-generatingdevices circuit board 400 are configured to position the heat-generating devices such that their top surfaces are substantially co-planar with each other and the heat-generatingdevices 104 attached to the first printedcircuit board 100. This allows the use of asingle heat sink 500 with a substantially planar bottom surface to contact all of the heat-generatingdevices circuit boards heat sink 500. Thediscrete devices 412 attached to the second printedcircuit board 400 in this example embodiment of the present invention are not thermally coupled to the heat sink. Those of skill in the art will recognize that thesediscrete devices 412 may not require cooling through theheat sink 500 if their heat output is low. Also, there may be some cooling of thesedevices 412 by air flowing between the first and second printedcircuit boards openings circuit board 100 and two heat-generatingdevices circuit board 400, those of skill in the art will recognize that any number of openings in the first printedcircuit board 100 may be used to provide heat sink access to any number of heat generating devices on the second printedcircuit board 400. -
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention. In astep 602, a first printed circuit board including a first heat-generating device and having a first opening is provided. In astep 604, a second printed circuit board is provided. In astep 606, a second heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board. In astep 608, the first and second printed circuit boards are mechanically coupled. In anoptional step 610, the first and second printed circuit boards are electrically coupled through an electrical connector. In astep 612, a heat sink having a first protrusion is provided. In astep 614, the heat sink is mechanically coupled to the first and second printed circuit boards. In astep 616, the heat sink is thermally coupled to the first heat-generating device and the second heat-generating device. -
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention. In astep 702, a first printed circuit board including a first heat-generating device and having first and second openings is provided. In astep 704, a second printed circuit board is provided. In astep 706, a second heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board. In astep 708, a third heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board. In astep 710, the first and second printed circuit boards are mechanically coupled. In anoptional step 712, the first and second printed circuit boards are electrically coupled through an electrical connector. In astep 714, a heat sink having a first and second protrusion is provided. In astep 716, the heat sink is mechanically coupled to the first and second printed circuit boards. In astep 718, the heat sink is thermally coupled to the first, second, and third heat-generating devices. -
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention. In astep 802, a first printed circuit board including a first heat-generating device and having a first opening is provided. In astep 804, a second printed circuit board is provided. In astep 806, a first interposer is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board. In astep 808, a second heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the first interposer. In astep 810, the first and second printed circuit boards are mechanically coupled. In anoptional step 812, the first and second printed circuit boards are electrically coupled through an electrical connector. In astep 814, a heat sink is provided. In astep 816, the heat sink is mechanically coupled to the first and second printed circuit boards. In astep 818, the heat sink is thermally coupled to the first and second heat-generating devices. -
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of an example method for the construction of a stack up including first and second printed circuit boards cooled by a single heat sink according to the present invention. In astep 902, a first printed circuit board including a first heat-generating device and having first and second openings is provided. In astep 904, a second printed circuit board is provided. In astep 906, a first interposer is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board. In astep 908, a second interposer is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second printed circuit board. In astep 910, a second heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the first interposer. In astep 912, a third heat-generating device is electrically and mechanically coupled to the second interposer. In astep 914, the first and second printed circuit boards are mechanically coupled. In anoptional step 916, the first and second printed circuit boards are electrically coupled through an electrical connector. In astep 918, a heat sink is provided. In astep 920, the heat sink is mechanically coupled to the first and second printed circuit boards. In astep 922, the heat sink is thermally coupled to the first, second, and third heat-generating devices. - The foregoing description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and other modifications and variations may be possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the appended claims be construed to include other alternative embodiments of the invention except insofar as limited by the prior art.
Claims (20)
1. A stack up assembly, comprising:
a voltage regulation module (VRM) circuit board including an opening and also having a first side and a second side;
a thermally conductive plate having a first side and a second side, wherein the thermally conductive plate first side is disposed on and thermally coupled to the second side of the VRM circuit board;
a microprocessor, having a first side and a second side, the microprocessor first side disposed on and thermally coupled to the thermally conductive plate first side through said opening in said VRM circuit board;
a socket, mechanically coupled to the second side of the microprocessor, the socket having a plurality of pins electrically coupled to the microprocessor; and
an interposer circuit board, electrically coupled to the pins and coupled between the socket and the second side of the microprocessor.
2. The stack up assembly of claim 1 , wherein the thermally conductive plate is a vapor plate.
3. The stack up assembly of claim 1 , wherein the microprocessor is electrically coupled to the interposer circuit board by an organic land grid array.
4. The stack up assembly of claim 1 , wherein the socket is electrically coupled to a motherboard.
5. The stack up assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first side of the microprocessor faces in a downward direction.
6. The stack up assembly of claim 1 , wherein the vapor plate is thermally coupled to a plate via thermal standoffs.
7. The stack up assembly of claim 1 , wherein the VRM circuit board includes electrical components mounted on the first side.
8. The stack up assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
a thermally conductive material displaced between the microprocessor and the thermally conductive plate.
9. The stack up assembly of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one power transmitting mechanical standoff, disposed between the VRM circuit board and the interposer board, providing electrical continuity between the VRM circuit board and the interposer board.
10. The stack up assembly of claim 9 , wherein:
the interposer circuit board includes a power plane and a ground plane;
the VRM board includes a power plane and a ground plane; and
the power transmitting mechanical standoff includes:
a first portion electrically coupling the interposer power plane and the VRM power plane; and
a second portion, coaxially disposed in relation to the first portion electrically coupling the interposer ground plane and the VRM ground plane.
11. The stack up assembly of claim 10 , further comprising:
a second VRM circuit board having a first side and a second side, wherein the thermally conductive plate first side is thermally coupled to the second side of the second VRM circuit board; and
a second microprocessor, having a first side and a second side, the microprocessor first side thermally coupled to the vapor plate second side.
12. The stack up assembly of claim 11 , further comprising:
a frame, substantially surrounding the first VRM circuit board, the second VRM circuit board, the first microprocessor, and the second microprocessor.
13. The stack up assembly of claim 12 , wherein the frame is electrically and mechanically coupled to a motherboard.
14. The stack up assembly of claim 13 , wherein the frame is further electrically and mechanically coupled to a plate, wherein the frame, plate, and motherboard, thus form a three-dimensional electrically grounded structure substantially containing electromagnetic interference.
15. The stack up assembly of claim 14 , wherein the thermally conductive plate extends external to the frame.
16. The stack up assembly of claim 15 , further comprising:
a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the thermally conductive plate.
17. The stack up assembly of claim 16 , wherein the heat exchanger is mechanically bonded to the thermally conductive plate.
18. The stack up assembly of claim 17 , wherein the heat exchanger is brazed to the thermally conductive plate.
19. The stack up assembly of claim 17 , wherein the heat exchanger is soldered to the thermally conductive plate.
20. The stack up assembly of claim 17 , wherein the heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the thermally conductive plate by a thermally conductive polymer.
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6970358B2 (en) | 2005-11-29 |
US6816378B1 (en) | 2004-11-09 |
US20040257772A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
US6922340B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 |
US6862186B2 (en) | 2005-03-01 |
US20050152117A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
US6807061B1 (en) | 2004-10-19 |
US20040246680A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
US6900987B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 |
US20040212961A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
US6947286B2 (en) | 2005-09-20 |
US20050018407A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
US20040246681A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
US20040212964A1 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
US20040257773A1 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
US6873530B2 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
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