US20040263008A1 - Electric hand tool - Google Patents
Electric hand tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040263008A1 US20040263008A1 US10/743,209 US74320903A US2004263008A1 US 20040263008 A1 US20040263008 A1 US 20040263008A1 US 74320903 A US74320903 A US 74320903A US 2004263008 A1 US2004263008 A1 US 2004263008A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- air
- hand tool
- recited
- electric hand
- fan wheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/281—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for fans or blowers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
- B25F5/008—Cooling means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
- H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to an electric hand tool as recited in the preamble of claim 1 .
- fan guide vanes are located on either side of a fan wheel that is mounted on the motor shaft between the electric motor and gearbox, in order to improve the cooling of the electric motor and a gearbox that is located between the electric motor and a drive spindel for a tool, which said fan guide vanes cool the electric motor and the gearbox separately and independently of one another via corresponding air ducts.
- an annular channel with an opening on the outside is formed in the impact region of the snap die, which said opening is connected to the suction side of a ventilation system of the electric motor.
- the dust that is produced in the abrasive process of removing material, which said material also penetrates the working area of the snap die, is suctioned away from this area through the annular channel by the vacuum generated by the ventilation system.
- the electric hand tool according to the invention having the features of claim 1 has the advantage that greater performance and longer idle periods for the machine components and the electric hand tool as a whole can be obtained by purposefully cooling machine components that are subject to warming and are not ventilated at all or inadequately by the cooling air current that is generated by the fan wheel, which is preferably driven by the electric motor, by means of the additional air current that is diverted from the cooling air current or injected additionally from the outside.
- the cooling air current that is diverted from the cooling air current or injected additionally from the outside.
- no dead air space regions develop, in which components are not cooled.
- the improved cooling can increase the performance of the electric hand tool with the same housing cross-section, or the housing cross-section can be reduced in size in the region of the electric motor while retaining the same performance. No additional production costs are incurred, since the means for the additional air current can be designed such that they can be produced at the same time as the machine housing or fan wheel.
- the electric motor has a motor winding with winding heads that project outward on at least one end face of the electric motor, and the fan wheel is located with axial clearance in front of the end face of the drive motor and is configured such that the suction space is located directly in front of the end face of the drive motor on which the winding heads are carried.
- the means for generating the additional air current have air inlets that lead into the suction space.
- the fan wheel can be configured as an axial, diagonal or radial fan wheel. This structural configuration has the advantage that additional air is supplied through the air inlets that lead into the suction space, which said air inlets reach the “dead air space regions”, inside the suction space, where the winding heads are located.
- Said dead air space regions are produced because the cooling air current that is drawn in by the fan wheel flows substantially through the working air gap between the rotor and stator and into the suction space and, from there, it is blown over the fan wheel vanes into the pressure space without reaching the winding heads of the motor winding that are located toward the outside relative to the working air gap.
- the air inlets are openings that are configured in the wall of the machine housing at or near the end face of the electric motor. With this configuration of the air inlets, the amount of air in the cooling air current that is flowing into the suction space is increased by the amount of air drawn in from the outside through the openings. At the same time, air is directed in purposeful and efficient fashion past the winding heads without any noteworthy additional costs being incurred.
- the air inlets are openings in a dividing wall that separates the pressure space from the suction space, which said openings are preferably located with the greatest radial clearance possible from the axis of the fan wheel.
- the dividing wall can be fixed in position, and it can be part of the machine housing or part of the fan wheel, and it can rotate with said fan wheel.
- the means for generating the additional air current have air guide elements that divert a sub-current, as the additional air current, from the cooling air current to the machine components that are poorly ventilated by the cooling air current. Although this does not increase the cooling air current, the cooling air current is divided into branches such that purposeful and efficient cooling of individual machine components is obtained. The additional costs required to produce and install the air guide elements is minimal.
- the means for generating the additional air current have at least one air duct guided in the machine housing; one end of the duct is located in the cooling air stream, and the other end of the duct is located at or near the machine component.
- machine components such as electrical, electronic or mechanical components that are not located directly in the vicinity of the cooling air stream that is flowing through the machine, are cooled well and therefore have a longer service life and can be designed smaller in size. This reduces structural volume and lowers the costs to fabricate the components.
- greater structural and design-oriented freedom is obtained in terms of configuring the electric hand tool, since components that work fine without cooling no longer need to be located in the immediate vicinity of the cooling air current.
- the air duct is positioned such that the duct inlet is close to the machine component to be ventilated, e.g., the on/off switch for the electric motor, and the duct outlet leads into the suction space of the fan wheel.
- the machine component to be ventilated e.g., the on/off switch for the electric motor
- the at least one air duct is integrated directly in the plastic wall of the machine housing.
- the electric motor which is designed as a commutator motor, e.g., a universal motor, has a commutator with commutator brushes.
- the means for generating the additional air current have air turbulence-generating elements that encircle the periphery of the commutator and are configured such that the additional air current they generate flows across the commutator surface.
- the air turbulence-generating elements can be located on the commutator itself, or they can be the fan wheel vanes of an axial fan wheel that is joined with the commutator in torsion-proof fashion, e.g., it is mounted together with the commutator on the driven shaft of the electric motor in torsion-proof fashion.
- the axial fan wheel is designed as a plastic disk that is mounted in torsion-proof fashion on the driven shaft of the drive motor, on the periphery of which said plastic disk the fan wheel vanes are equidistantly located as small, bent segments.
- the brush cartridges for holding and guiding the commutator brushes are equipped with cooling ribs, through which the air current generated by the axial fan wheel flows.
- the large surface area of the cooling ribs ensures substantially improved heat dissipation at the brush cartridges and the commutator brushes, which permits in longer idle periods for the commutator brushes.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a section of a longitudinal cross-section of an electric hand tool
- FIG. 2 is the same depiction as in FIG. 1, according to a further embodiment,
- FIG. 3 is a view in the direction III in FIG. 2 of a structural configuration of a fan wheel in the electric hand tool according to FIG. 2, depicted with perspective,
- FIGS. 4 show the same depiction as in FIG. 1, in accordance to a third and 5 and fourth embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of an electric hand tool according to a further embodiment
- FIG. 7 shows a section of an enlarged section of a portion of a wall of the machine housing of an electric hand tool that has been modified relative to FIG. 6,
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged, perspective view of the commutator of the electric motor in the electric hand tool according to FIG. 6, and
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged, perspective view of a brush cartridge of the electric motor in the electric hand tool according to FIG. 6.
- the electric hand tool e.g., an electric hand-held drill, shown in FIG. 1 in a sectional view and in FIG. 6 in a complete view, includes, in known fashion, a machine housing 11 , in which an electric motor 12 for a tool 13 , e.g., a drill bit, is accommodated.
- a tool receptacle 14 e.g., a drill chuck, which is mounted in torsion-proof fashion on a drive spindle, which is driven by a gearbox (not shown in FIG. 4) by driven shaft 15 of electric motor 12 depicted here as a commutator motor, as an example.
- electric motor 12 includes a stator 30 with stator or field winding 31 (FIG. 1) and a rotor 32 that is mounted in torsion-proof fashion on driven shaft 15 , which said rotor is concentrically surrounded by stator 30 , with an air gap 33 between said rotor and said stator.
- Field winding 31 is inserted in known fashion in axial grooves in stator 30 and projects via winding heads 311 out of said stator on both end faces of stator 30 .
- a rotor winding that is inserted in rotor 32 but is not shown in FIGS.
- commutator brushes 38 serve to conduct current to the rotor winding, each of which said commutator brushes is accommodated in axially displaceable fashion in a brush cartridge 38 , and each of which is pressed radially against the commutator bars of commutator 37 using spring pressure.
- Brush cartridges 38 are fixed in position on a brush holder located in machine housing 11 .
- An on/off switch 17 is located in an easily accessible location in a handle 16 that is integrally formed on machine housing 11 , for switching electric motor 12 on and off (FIG. 6).
- the electric hand tool is air-cooled and includes a fan that is configured as an axial or radial fan, for cooling electric motor 12 and gearbox, which said fan draws in air through air inlet slits 18 that are formed in the rear region of machine housing 11 , and blows air out through air outlet openings 19 that are formed in the front region of machine housing 11 .
- a fan wheel 21 is mounted—downstream of the air current and directly behind electric motor 12 —on driven shaft 15 in torsion-proof fashion, so that fan wheel 21 is positioned between electric motor 12 and gearbox on the side furthest from commutator 37 .
- fan wheel 21 When fan wheel 21 rotates, it produces a suction space 22 on its side closest to drive motor 12 , and a pressure space 23 on its other side, which is furthest from said drive motor, which said pressure space is connected with air outlet openings 19 .
- air is drawn in from the environment through air inlet openings 18 and through annular gap 33 in electric motor 12 , whereby the air absorbs heat produced in electric motor 12 .
- said air inlets are slit-shaped air inlet openings 24 that are formed in the wall of machine housing 11 within the region of suction space 22 . Air inlet openings 24 are preferably distributed evenly around the periphery of machine housing 11 and are located in the immediate vicinity of the end face of electric motor 12 or its stator 30 . As the air flow arrows drawn in FIG.
- the air inlets are passages 25 that are formed in a portion of fan wheel 21 , which said portion divides suction space 22 from pressure space 23 .
- the air flow arrows drawn in FIG. 2 show, when fan wheel 21 rotates, a portion of the air from pressure space 23 does not flow through air outlet openings 19 . Instead, the vacuum in suction space 22 causes said portion of air to flow through passages 25 into suction space 22 . Since passages 25 are located close to the outer edge of fan wheel 21 , the additional air drawn from pressure space 23 flows over winding heads 311 , and is then guided by fan wheel 21 back into pressure space 23 .
- Fan wheel 21 which is shown in a sectional view of a longitudinal cross-section in FIG. 2 as a schematic representation, is shown in FIG. 3 in a top view with perspective in a real embodiment as a radial fan wheel.
- Fan wheel 21 includes an annular cover plate 26 that borders suction area 22 , a base plate 27 —that has axial clearance from said cover plate—with a central hub 271 for sliding onto driven shaft 15 , and radially oriented fan vanes 28 that are located between cover plate 26 and base plate 27 .
- Passages 25 are located in cover plate 26 in the form of circular holes 251 , 252 .
- holes 251 having the larger diameter are located on an outer perimeter, and holes 252 having the smaller diameter are located on a concentric, inner perimeter having a smaller diameter.
- the size of the holes and the distance between them are purposefully selected in order to prevent an undesired reduction in the efficiency of the radial fan caused by the injection of an excessive volume of air from pressure space 23 into suction space 22 .
- Locating holes 251 having the larger diameter on the outer perimeter is advantageous because the greater portion of the air injected into suction space 22 flows in the region of winding heads 311 of field winding 31 .
- Passages 25 can have any cross-sectional shape.
- said passages can be configured as slits.
- fan wheel 21 is modified such that cover plate 26 with passages 25 is eliminated, and the dividing wall function of cover plate 26 is now performed by a dividing wall 40 that is fixed in position, which said dividing wall is part of machine housing 11 .
- Passages 25 are located in dividing wall 40 in the same manner as described hereinabove in conjunction with cover plate 26 .
- Dividing wall 40 which is configured as a hollow cylinder having the shape of a pagoda, can be designed integral with machine housing 11 , or it can be mounted, as a separate structural component, on the wall of machine housing 11 .
- the air inlets in the suction space are eliminated in order to increase the size of the cooling air mass in suction space 22 and, instead, the additional current that flows onto winding heads 311 branches off from the cooling air current.
- at least one air guide element 40 is located in suction space 22 such that a sub-current of the cooling air current that flows in through air gap 33 between stator 30 and rotor 32 into suction space 22 branches off such that it forms the additional air current that flows onto winding heads 311 .
- Radial fan wheel 21 is configured as described in connection with FIG. 2, but cover plate 26 does not contain passages. Of course, fan wheel 21 can also be configured as shown in FIG. 4. Fixed dividing wall 40 , which would then be required, does not have passages in this case, either.
- air duct 34 is integrated in the wall of machine housing 11 , as shown in FIG. 7.
- Machine housing 11 which is formed via injection molding of plastic, is joined in a plane of symmetry that passes through the longitudinal axis of the electric hand tool.
- one half 341 or 342 of air duct 34 is configured in each housing shell 111 and 112 .
- air ducts 34 In addition to air duct 34 , which was described as an example, for ventilating and cooling electrical on/off switch 17 , further air ducts having a similar configuration may be guided to other electrical or electronic or mechanical components inside machine housing 11 . It is advantageous, for example, with an electric hand tool that is designed as a battery pack-operated machine, to guide an air duct to the battery pack and thereby passively cool the battery pack.
- the cooling effect of air ducts 24 is independent of whether fan wheel 21 works using “external air injection” (FIG. 1) or “internal air injection” (FIG. 2), or whether injection of this type is eliminated altogether.
- air ducts 34 can be utilized instead of or in addition to air inlet openings 24 to draw in additional air from the outside.
- Commutator 37 of electric motor 12 is a machine component of the electric hand tool that is subjected to high levels of thermal stress.
- air turbulence-generating elements 42 are located on commutator 37 , which rotate with commutator 37 .
- Said air turbulence-generating elements 42 can be mounted directly on commutator 37 .
- fan vanes 43 of an axial fan wheel 44 are air turbulence-generating elements 42 , which said axial fan wheel is mounted together with commutator 37 on driven shaft 15 of electric motor 12 .
- Axial fan wheel 44 is located between a pivot bearing 45 of driven shaft 15 —which said pivot bearing is accommodated in machine housing 11 —and commutator 37 , that is, on the end face of commutator 37 that is furthest from rotor 32 .
- Axial fan wheel 44 is preferably configured as a plastic disk 46 that is mounted on driven shaft 15 in torsion-proof fashion, with fan vanes 43 formed by bent axial segments mounted on the periphery of said plastic disk. The advantage of this is that, due to plastic disk 46 , a sufficiently large creepage distance is retained between pivot bearing 45 and commutator 37 , despite a short structural shape of electric motor 12 .
- fan vanes 43 When driven shaft 15 rotates, fan vanes 43 generate an air current in addition to the cooling air current that is generated by fan wheel 21 , which said additional air current flows across the surface of commutator 37 and commutator brushes 38 and increases the amount of air in the cooling air current.
- brush cartridges 39 are equipped with cooling ribs 47 , through which the additional air current flows. Since the surface area of brush cartridges 39 is greatly increased by cooling ribs 47 , the dissipation of heat from commutator brushes 38 —which are held axially inward in displaceable fashion—is markedly improved.
- fan wheel 21 can be configured such that its pressure space is located in front of the end face of electric motor 12 on which winding heads 311 are mounted. In this case as well, an additional air current would be drawn over winding heads 311 through openings that are equivalent to air inlet openings 24 in the wall of machine housing 11 , and would provide better cooling of winding heads 311 .
- air ducts 34 in machine housing 11 can be positioned such that their duct inlet is located in pressure space 23 formed by fan wheel 21 , and their duct outlet is located at the machine component 17 to be cooled.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
Abstract
An electric hand tool is described that includes a machine housing (1) with an electric motor (12) accommodated in the machine housing (11) for driving a tool (13), and a fan wheel (21) accommodated in the machine housing (11) for generating a cooling air current that flows through the machine housing (11), which said fan wheel creates a suction space (22) and a pressure space (23) on opposite sides when it rotates. To increase the performance of the electric hand tool with longer idle periods for the machine components, purposeful cooling is carried out by providing means for generating an additional air current, which said means are configured such that the additional air current flows to machine components that are located outside of or in a low-flow region of the cooling air current.
Description
- The present invention is directed to an electric hand tool as recited in the preamble of claim1.
- With an electric hand tool of this type (DE 196 00 339 C1), fan guide vanes are located on either side of a fan wheel that is mounted on the motor shaft between the electric motor and gearbox, in order to improve the cooling of the electric motor and a gearbox that is located between the electric motor and a drive spindel for a tool, which said fan guide vanes cool the electric motor and the gearbox separately and independently of one another via corresponding air ducts.
- With an electric hand tool having an impact mechanism (DE 100 30 962 C2), an annular channel with an opening on the outside is formed in the impact region of the snap die, which said opening is connected to the suction side of a ventilation system of the electric motor. The dust that is produced in the abrasive process of removing material, which said material also penetrates the working area of the snap die, is suctioned away from this area through the annular channel by the vacuum generated by the ventilation system.
- The electric hand tool according to the invention having the features of claim1 has the advantage that greater performance and longer idle periods for the machine components and the electric hand tool as a whole can be obtained by purposefully cooling machine components that are subject to warming and are not ventilated at all or inadequately by the cooling air current that is generated by the fan wheel, which is preferably driven by the electric motor, by means of the additional air current that is diverted from the cooling air current or injected additionally from the outside. In contrast to the known electric hand tools, no dead air space regions develop, in which components are not cooled. The improved cooling can increase the performance of the electric hand tool with the same housing cross-section, or the housing cross-section can be reduced in size in the region of the electric motor while retaining the same performance. No additional production costs are incurred, since the means for the additional air current can be designed such that they can be produced at the same time as the machine housing or fan wheel.
- Advantageous further developments and improvements of the electric hand tool described in claim1 are made possible by the measures listed in the further claims.
- According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electric motor has a motor winding with winding heads that project outward on at least one end face of the electric motor, and the fan wheel is located with axial clearance in front of the end face of the drive motor and is configured such that the suction space is located directly in front of the end face of the drive motor on which the winding heads are carried. The means for generating the additional air current have air inlets that lead into the suction space. The fan wheel can be configured as an axial, diagonal or radial fan wheel. This structural configuration has the advantage that additional air is supplied through the air inlets that lead into the suction space, which said air inlets reach the “dead air space regions”, inside the suction space, where the winding heads are located. Said dead air space regions are produced because the cooling air current that is drawn in by the fan wheel flows substantially through the working air gap between the rotor and stator and into the suction space and, from there, it is blown over the fan wheel vanes into the pressure space without reaching the winding heads of the motor winding that are located toward the outside relative to the working air gap.
- According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the air inlets are openings that are configured in the wall of the machine housing at or near the end face of the electric motor. With this configuration of the air inlets, the amount of air in the cooling air current that is flowing into the suction space is increased by the amount of air drawn in from the outside through the openings. At the same time, air is directed in purposeful and efficient fashion past the winding heads without any noteworthy additional costs being incurred.
- According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the air inlets are openings in a dividing wall that separates the pressure space from the suction space, which said openings are preferably located with the greatest radial clearance possible from the axis of the fan wheel. The dividing wall can be fixed in position, and it can be part of the machine housing or part of the fan wheel, and it can rotate with said fan wheel. By means of this “internal injection”, a portion of the air flowing into the pressure space is directed, as additional air, from the pressure space back into the suction space. It is thereby directed past the winding heads to be cooled without requiring any additional components or production costs. By making the openings larger or smaller, the amount of air flowing back into the suction space can be controlled very well. Openings to the outside, as used in the case of “external injection” described hereinabove, are eliminated, which also rules out an additional contamination risk.
- According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the means for generating the additional air current have air guide elements that divert a sub-current, as the additional air current, from the cooling air current to the machine components that are poorly ventilated by the cooling air current. Although this does not increase the cooling air current, the cooling air current is divided into branches such that purposeful and efficient cooling of individual machine components is obtained. The additional costs required to produce and install the air guide elements is minimal.
- According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the means for generating the additional air current have at least one air duct guided in the machine housing; one end of the duct is located in the cooling air stream, and the other end of the duct is located at or near the machine component. This has the advantage that machine components, such as electrical, electronic or mechanical components that are not located directly in the vicinity of the cooling air stream that is flowing through the machine, are cooled well and therefore have a longer service life and can be designed smaller in size. This reduces structural volume and lowers the costs to fabricate the components. At the same time, greater structural and design-oriented freedom is obtained in terms of configuring the electric hand tool, since components that work fine without cooling no longer need to be located in the immediate vicinity of the cooling air current. Instead, they can be placed anywhere, due to the air duct according to the invention. Preferably, the air duct is positioned such that the duct inlet is close to the machine component to be ventilated, e.g., the on/off switch for the electric motor, and the duct outlet leads into the suction space of the fan wheel.
- According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one air duct is integrated directly in the plastic wall of the machine housing. As a result, no additional production costs for the air duct would be incurred, since said air duct can be formed when the machine housing is produced.
- According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the electric motor, which is designed as a commutator motor, e.g., a universal motor, has a commutator with commutator brushes. The means for generating the additional air current have air turbulence-generating elements that encircle the periphery of the commutator and are configured such that the additional air current they generate flows across the commutator surface. The air turbulence-generating elements can be located on the commutator itself, or they can be the fan wheel vanes of an axial fan wheel that is joined with the commutator in torsion-proof fashion, e.g., it is mounted together with the commutator on the driven shaft of the electric motor in torsion-proof fashion. Said structural features increase the overall amount of cooling air that flows through the machine housing, and permits optimum flow of cooling air onto the commutator and commutator brushes. With commutator motors having a short structural shape, the axial fan wheel is designed as a plastic disk that is mounted in torsion-proof fashion on the driven shaft of the drive motor, on the periphery of which said plastic disk the fan wheel vanes are equidistantly located as small, bent segments. The advantage of this is that, due to the plastic disk, a sufficiently large creepage distance is retained between the pivot bearing and the commutator, despite the short structural shape.
- According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the brush cartridges for holding and guiding the commutator brushes are equipped with cooling ribs, through which the air current generated by the axial fan wheel flows. The large surface area of the cooling ribs ensures substantially improved heat dissipation at the brush cartridges and the commutator brushes, which permits in longer idle periods for the commutator brushes.
- The invention is described in greater detail in the description below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawing.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a section of a longitudinal cross-section of an electric hand tool,
- FIG. 2 is the same depiction as in FIG. 1, according to a further embodiment,
- FIG. 3 is a view in the direction III in FIG. 2 of a structural configuration of a fan wheel in the electric hand tool according to FIG. 2, depicted with perspective,
- FIGS.4 show the same depiction as in FIG. 1, in accordance to a third and 5 and fourth embodiment,
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of an electric hand tool according to a further embodiment,
- FIG. 7 shows a section of an enlarged section of a portion of a wall of the machine housing of an electric hand tool that has been modified relative to FIG. 6,
- FIG. 8 is an enlarged, perspective view of the commutator of the electric motor in the electric hand tool according to FIG. 6, and
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged, perspective view of a brush cartridge of the electric motor in the electric hand tool according to FIG. 6.
- The electric hand tool, e.g., an electric hand-held drill, shown in FIG. 1 in a sectional view and in FIG. 6 in a complete view, includes, in known fashion, a
machine housing 11, in which anelectric motor 12 for atool 13, e.g., a drill bit, is accommodated. As depicted in FIG. 6 in principle only,tool 13 is clamped in atool receptacle 14, e.g., a drill chuck, which is mounted in torsion-proof fashion on a drive spindle, which is driven by a gearbox (not shown in FIG. 4) by drivenshaft 15 ofelectric motor 12 depicted here as a commutator motor, as an example. - As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6,
electric motor 12 includes astator 30 with stator or field winding 31 (FIG. 1) and arotor 32 that is mounted in torsion-proof fashion on drivenshaft 15, which said rotor is concentrically surrounded bystator 30, with anair gap 33 between said rotor and said stator.Field winding 31 is inserted in known fashion in axial grooves instator 30 and projects viawinding heads 311 out of said stator on both end faces ofstator 30. A rotor winding that is inserted inrotor 32, but is not shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, is connected to the commutator bars of acommutator 37 that is mounted in torsion-proof fashion on drivenshaft 15. At least twocommutator brushes 38 serve to conduct current to the rotor winding, each of which said commutator brushes is accommodated in axially displaceable fashion in abrush cartridge 38, and each of which is pressed radially against the commutator bars ofcommutator 37 using spring pressure.Brush cartridges 38 are fixed in position on a brush holder located inmachine housing 11. An on/offswitch 17 is located in an easily accessible location in ahandle 16 that is integrally formed onmachine housing 11, for switchingelectric motor 12 on and off (FIG. 6). - The electric hand tool is air-cooled and includes a fan that is configured as an axial or radial fan, for cooling
electric motor 12 and gearbox, which said fan draws in air throughair inlet slits 18 that are formed in the rear region ofmachine housing 11, and blows air out throughair outlet openings 19 that are formed in the front region ofmachine housing 11. For this purpose, afan wheel 21 is mounted—downstream of the air current and directly behindelectric motor 12—on drivenshaft 15 in torsion-proof fashion, so thatfan wheel 21 is positioned betweenelectric motor 12 and gearbox on the side furthest fromcommutator 37. Whenfan wheel 21 rotates, it produces asuction space 22 on its side closest to drivemotor 12, and apressure space 23 on its other side, which is furthest from said drive motor, which said pressure space is connected withair outlet openings 19. As a result, as indicated by the flow arrows in FIGS. 1 and 6, air is drawn in from the environment throughair inlet openings 18 and throughannular gap 33 inelectric motor 12, whereby the air absorbs heat produced inelectric motor 12. - Finally, the warmed air is blown back out into the environment through
air outlet openings 19. - Due to the high internal air resistance of the electric hand tool and the high flow speed of the air inside
air gap 33, a sufficient amount of cooling air does not always reach components to be cooled, e.g., windingheads 311 of field winding 31 that are shown on the left side of FIG. 1 and which are located downstream from the cooling air current, so that said cooling air can carry away enough heat from here. In order to eliminate this inadequacy, air inlets that lead intosuction space 22 are provided in embodiments of the electric hand tool depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 in order to generate an additional air current. Due to the position of the air inlets, the additional air is directed intosuction space 22 such that the additional air flows past windingheads 311 insuction space 22, where it absorbs a sufficient amount of heat from windingheads 311. In the embodiment of the electric hand tool according to FIG. 1, said air inlets are slit-shapedair inlet openings 24 that are formed in the wall ofmachine housing 11 within the region ofsuction space 22.Air inlet openings 24 are preferably distributed evenly around the periphery ofmachine housing 11 and are located in the immediate vicinity of the end face ofelectric motor 12 or itsstator 30. As the air flow arrows drawn in FIG. 1 show, whenfan wheel 21 rotates, the cooling air current as well as additional air from the environment flows throughair inlet openings 24, over windingheads 311, and intosuction space 22. Said additional air effectively cools windingheads 311 and, therefore, field winding 31, and increases the amount of cooling air insuction space 22. - In the embodiment of an electric hand tool shown in a sectional view in FIG. 2, the air inlets are
passages 25 that are formed in a portion offan wheel 21, which said portion dividessuction space 22 frompressure space 23. As the air flow arrows drawn in FIG. 2 show, whenfan wheel 21 rotates, a portion of the air frompressure space 23 does not flow throughair outlet openings 19. Instead, the vacuum insuction space 22 causes said portion of air to flow throughpassages 25 intosuction space 22. Sincepassages 25 are located close to the outer edge offan wheel 21, the additional air drawn frompressure space 23 flows over windingheads 311, and is then guided byfan wheel 21 back intopressure space 23. -
Fan wheel 21, which is shown in a sectional view of a longitudinal cross-section in FIG. 2 as a schematic representation, is shown in FIG. 3 in a top view with perspective in a real embodiment as a radial fan wheel. Whenfan wheel 21 is mounted on drivenshaft 15, the top-view side in FIG. 3 faceselectric motor 12.Fan wheel 21 includes anannular cover plate 26 that borderssuction area 22, abase plate 27—that has axial clearance from said cover plate—with acentral hub 271 for sliding onto drivenshaft 15, and radially orientedfan vanes 28 that are located betweencover plate 26 andbase plate 27.Passages 25 are located incover plate 26 in the form ofcircular holes pressure space 23 intosuction space 22. Locatingholes 251 having the larger diameter on the outer perimeter is advantageous because the greater portion of the air injected intosuction space 22 flows in the region of windingheads 311 of field winding 31.Passages 25 can have any cross-sectional shape. For example, said passages can be configured as slits. - With the embodiment of the electric hand tool that is shown as a sectional view in FIG. 4,
fan wheel 21 is modified such thatcover plate 26 withpassages 25 is eliminated, and the dividing wall function ofcover plate 26 is now performed by a dividingwall 40 that is fixed in position, which said dividing wall is part ofmachine housing 11.Passages 25 are located in dividingwall 40 in the same manner as described hereinabove in conjunction withcover plate 26. Dividingwall 40, which is configured as a hollow cylinder having the shape of a pagoda, can be designed integral withmachine housing 11, or it can be mounted, as a separate structural component, on the wall ofmachine housing 11. - With the embodiment of the electric hand tool shown in FIG. 5, the air inlets in the suction space are eliminated in order to increase the size of the cooling air mass in
suction space 22 and, instead, the additional current that flows onto windingheads 311 branches off from the cooling air current. For this purpose, at least oneair guide element 40 is located insuction space 22 such that a sub-current of the cooling air current that flows in throughair gap 33 betweenstator 30 androtor 32 intosuction space 22 branches off such that it forms the additional air current that flows onto windingheads 311.Radial fan wheel 21 is configured as described in connection with FIG. 2, but coverplate 26 does not contain passages. Of course,fan wheel 21 can also be configured as shown in FIG. 4. Fixed dividingwall 40, which would then be required, does not have passages in this case, either. - In order to also cool components in the electric hand tool that cannot be positioned in the cooling air current that forms between air inlet slits18 and
air outlet openings 19, such as electrical on/offswitch 17 installed inhandle 16 as shown in FIG. 6, special air ducts are provided inmachine housing 11, with which air is drawn in over the electrical, electronic or mechanical components to be cooled, such as on/offswitch 17. Anair duct 34 of this type is shown in FIG. 6. Said air duct extends along the inner wall ofmachine housing 11 and has aduct inlet 35, which is located in the region of on/offswitch 17, and aduct outlet 36, which leads intosuction space 22. Whenfan wheel 21 rotates, the vacuum that is generated insuction space 22 causes air to be drawn in atduct inlet 35, which said air flows in from the outside due to installation tolerances of on/offswitch 17 inhousing 11. Said air flows over on/offswitch 17 and past it. After it absorbs heat at on/offswitch 17, said air is drawn intoair duct 34. Advantageously,air duct 34 is integrated in the wall ofmachine housing 11, as shown in FIG. 7.Machine housing 11, which is formed via injection molding of plastic, is joined in a plane of symmetry that passes through the longitudinal axis of the electric hand tool. To integrateair duct 34 inmachine housing 11, onehalf air duct 34 is configured in eachhousing shell housing shells duct halves air duct 34, as shown in a sectional view in FIG. 7 for the region ofhandle 16. - In addition to
air duct 34, which was described as an example, for ventilating and cooling electrical on/offswitch 17, further air ducts having a similar configuration may be guided to other electrical or electronic or mechanical components insidemachine housing 11. It is advantageous, for example, with an electric hand tool that is designed as a battery pack-operated machine, to guide an air duct to the battery pack and thereby passively cool the battery pack. The cooling effect ofair ducts 24 is independent of whetherfan wheel 21 works using “external air injection” (FIG. 1) or “internal air injection” (FIG. 2), or whether injection of this type is eliminated altogether. In the case of “external air injection” according to FIG. 1,air ducts 34 can be utilized instead of or in addition toair inlet openings 24 to draw in additional air from the outside. - Commutator37 of
electric motor 12 is a machine component of the electric hand tool that is subjected to high levels of thermal stress. In order to improve the cooling ofcommutator 37 and commutator brushes 38 that ride oncommutator 37, air turbulence-generatingelements 42 are located oncommutator 37, which rotate withcommutator 37. Said air turbulence-generatingelements 42 can be mounted directly oncommutator 37. In the embodiment ofcommutator 37 shown in FIG. 8,fan vanes 43 of anaxial fan wheel 44 are air turbulence-generatingelements 42, which said axial fan wheel is mounted together withcommutator 37 on drivenshaft 15 ofelectric motor 12.Axial fan wheel 44 is located between a pivot bearing 45 of drivenshaft 15—which said pivot bearing is accommodated inmachine housing 11—andcommutator 37, that is, on the end face ofcommutator 37 that is furthest fromrotor 32.Axial fan wheel 44 is preferably configured as aplastic disk 46 that is mounted on drivenshaft 15 in torsion-proof fashion, withfan vanes 43 formed by bent axial segments mounted on the periphery of said plastic disk. The advantage of this is that, due toplastic disk 46, a sufficiently large creepage distance is retained between pivot bearing 45 andcommutator 37, despite a short structural shape ofelectric motor 12. When drivenshaft 15 rotates,fan vanes 43 generate an air current in addition to the cooling air current that is generated byfan wheel 21, which said additional air current flows across the surface ofcommutator 37 and commutator brushes 38 and increases the amount of air in the cooling air current. - To enhance the cooling of commutator brushes38,
brush cartridges 39 are equipped with cooling ribs 47, through which the additional air current flows. Since the surface area ofbrush cartridges 39 is greatly increased by cooling ribs 47, the dissipation of heat from commutator brushes 38—which are held axially inward in displaceable fashion—is markedly improved. - The invention is not limited to the embodiments described hereinabove. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1,
fan wheel 21 can be configured such that its pressure space is located in front of the end face ofelectric motor 12 on which windingheads 311 are mounted. In this case as well, an additional air current would be drawn over windingheads 311 through openings that are equivalent toair inlet openings 24 in the wall ofmachine housing 11, and would provide better cooling of windingheads 311. Likewise,air ducts 34 inmachine housing 11 can be positioned such that their duct inlet is located inpressure space 23 formed byfan wheel 21, and their duct outlet is located at themachine component 17 to be cooled.
Claims (19)
1. An electric hand tool comprising a machine housing (11), with an electric motor (12) accommodated in the machine housing (11) for driving a tool (13), and a fan wheel (21) accommodated in the machine housing (11) for generating a cooling air current that flows through the machine housing (11), which said fan wheel creates a suction space (22) and a pressure space (23) on opposite sides when it rotates,
wherein means for generating an additional air current are provided and configured such that the additional air current flows onto at least one machine component that is located outside of or in a low-flow region of the cooling air current.
2. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 1 ,
wherein the electric motor (12) includes a motor winding (31) with winding heads (311) that project outward on at least one end face of the electric motor (12), the fan wheel (21) is located with axial clearance in front of the end face of the electric motor (12) and is configured such that the suction space (22) is located in front of the end face of the electric motor (12) where the winding heads (31) are located, and the means for generating the additional air current have air inlets that lead into the suction space (22).
3. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 2 ,
wherein the air inlets are air inlet openings (24) that are configured in the wall of the machine housing (11) on or near the end face of the electric motor (12).
4. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 2 ,
wherein the air inlets are passages (25) located in a dividing wall (40; 26) that separates the pressure space (23) from the suction space (22) and, preferably, the passages (25) are separated from the axis of the fan wheel by the greatest radial distance possible.
5. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 4 ,
wherein the dividing wall (40) is fixed in position, and is mounted on the machine housing (11), or it is part of the machine housing (11).
6. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 4 ,
wherein the dividing wall rotates with the fan wheel (21) and is an integral part of the fan wheel (21).
7. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 6 ,
wherein the fan wheel (21) has a base plate (27) with a hub (271) for sliding onto a driven shaft (15) of the electric motor (12), a cover plate (26) that has axial clearance from the base plate (27) and forms the dividing wall, and radially oriented fan vanes (28) that are located between the base and cover plate (27, 26), and air outlet openings (19) are located in the wall of the machine housing (11) on the pressure side of the fan wheel (21) in the region of the vane ends.
8. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 1 ,
wherein the electric motor (12) has a motor winding (31) with winding heads (311) that project outward on at least one end face of the electric motor (12), and the means for generating the additional air current has openings in the wall of the machine housing (11) that are located in the region of the end face of the electric motor (12) on which the winding heads (311) are carried.
9. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the means for generating an additional air current have air guide elements (41) that divert a sub-current, as the additional air current, from the cooling air current.
10. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 9 ,
wherein the electric motor (10) has a stator (30), a rotor (32) and an air gap (33) located between the two, and the air guide elements (41) are located in the suction space (22) and are configured such that a sub-current is diverted to the winding heads (311) from the cooling air current passing through the air gap (33) and into the suction space (22).
11. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the means for generating the additional air current have at least one air duct (34) guided in the machine housing (11), and one end of the duct is located in the cooling air stream, and the other end of the duct is located at or near the machine component (17).
12. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 11 ,
wherein the duct inlet is located at or near the machine component (17), and the duct outlet leads into the suction space (22) of the fan wheel (21).
13. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 11 , wherein the air duct (34) is formed in the wall of the machine housing (11).
14. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 13 ,
wherein the machine housing (11) has two shells, and one part (341, 342) of the air duct (34) is formed in each housing shell (111, 112) such that, when the two housing shells (111, 112) are joined, the air duct (34) is formed.
15. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 1 , wherein the electric motor (12) includes a commutator (37) with commutator brushes (38), and the means for generating an additional air current with the commutator (37) have air turbulence-generating elements (42) around the periphery, which are arranged such that the additional air current they generate flows across the commutator surface.
16. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 15 ,
wherein the air turbulence-generating elements (42) are formed on the commutator (37) itself.
17. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 15 ,
wherein the air turbulence-generating elements (42) are the fan vanes (43) of an axial fan wheel (44) that is joined with the commutator (37) in torsion-proof fashion.
18. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 15 , wherein the commutator brushes (38) are displaceably held in a brush cartridge (39), and the brush cartridges (39) are equipped with cooling ribs (47).
19. The electric hand tool as recited in claim 11 , wherein the machine component is an on/off switch (17) for the electric motor (12) or a battery pack for supplying power.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US11/304,302 US7166939B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2005-12-15 | Electric hand tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10261572A DE10261572A1 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2002-12-23 | Electric hand tool machine e.g. drill, has arrangement for generating additional cooling air flow that passes at least one machine component outside or in low flow region of cooling air flow |
DE10261572.1 | 2002-12-23 |
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US11/304,302 Division US7166939B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2005-12-15 | Electric hand tool |
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Also Published As
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DE10261572A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
US20060175915A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
US7166939B2 (en) | 2007-01-23 |
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