US20040261416A1 - Water powered engine - Google Patents
Water powered engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040261416A1 US20040261416A1 US10/495,513 US49551304A US2004261416A1 US 20040261416 A1 US20040261416 A1 US 20040261416A1 US 49551304 A US49551304 A US 49551304A US 2004261416 A1 US2004261416 A1 US 2004261416A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- engine
- water
- expansion
- steam
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012962 cracking technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/02—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for with steam-generation in engine-cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
- F01B17/02—Engines
- F01B17/04—Steam engines
Definitions
- the invention relates to engines and particularly to a method of fuelling an engine using water.
- Steam engines are thermodynamic machines for converting heat from steam into work and have long been recognised as a relatively efficient source of power.
- Such a steam engine's cycle is often known as a Rankine cycle and its main benefit is the use of steam in the expansion process of a steam engine.
- the detractions of steam engines are well known and will not be detailed herein.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,953,914 discloses an engine driven by steam in which the steam is created external to the engine's combustion chamber and is injected via high-pressure valves to an expansion chamber.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,238 discloses injecting water into an engine's cylinders immediately after combustion of the fuel/air mix. This injection of water causes the water to vaporise thereby increasing the force produced by the engine's power stroke.
- An object of the invention is to provide an engine which uses water/steam as the sole means of creating power and which offers to users a useful alternative choice.
- an engine fuelled solely by super heater water/steam in which the super heated water/steam is used to create power via thermal expansion, is then condensed and then recirculated in a closed circuit arrangement so as to arrive at zero consumption and zero emissions.
- the invention employs an electro-mechanically induced thermal expansion procedure to create an environment where small quantities of water can be conditioned by heat and pressure to the extent that minimal heat energy is needed to be expended to complete the expansion process.
- the residue of the expansion process is condensed, post the expansion phase, and cooled just enough to return it to a liquid state.
- the present invention differs from a steam assisted internal combustion engine in that the water/steam is the sole means of creating power. It is not a logical sequence of furthering the steam assisted process as the logical sequence of a steam assisted process is to burn water alone, this being achieved via hydrogen cracking techniques, combustion being the common link.
- the invention requires water to be time pulse metered and delivered at very high pressure and pre-heated beyond normal vaporisation temperatures. At latency, vaporisation (and therefore expansion) does not occur within the delivery system because of the controlled residual pressure at which the engine according to the invention operates.
- the delivery system metering device when active, forces the water into the engine cylinders via injectors preset to open when a metering pump creates a pressure rise above closing pressure. As the pressure in the engine cylinders is much less than that in the delivery system the preconditioned water rapidly expands to create work in the cylinders. In each engine cylinder a further heating process takes place, via a heating element, to ensure completion of the expansion process.
- the manner in which such metering can take place can be controlled via a piston pump metering system or constant pressure electromechanical gating.
- the engine 1 has a drive shaft or driven shaft 2 adapted to drive a timed metering pump 3 .
- the timed metering pump 3 incorporates at its output a one way valve 4 .
- the output from the timed metering pump 3 is fed to an injector 5 .
- An output pipe 6 from the one way valve 4 to the injector 5 is heated by a heating system (not shown in detail) such as a heating coil or element 7 .
- the injector 5 feeds super heated water from the timed metering pump 3 to an expansion chamber 8 .
- the expansion chamber 8 has a heater 9 .
- the heater 9 can be a glow plug or the like adapted to operate in conjunction with the output from the timed metering pump 3 so that the heater 9 only operates periodically in a synchronised manner and at the same time as the injector 5 .
- An electronic control system 13 is incorporated and is adapted as described below to constitute an electromechanical gate system.
- Expansion of the water in the expansion chamber 8 reciprocates a piston (not shown). On the piston's upstroke the expansion chamber 8 is emptied and the water is fed to a condensor 10 . Condensate from the condensor 10 is fed to a reservoir 11 an output of which acts as a input fluid via tubing 12 to the timed metering pump.
- the electronic control system 13 opens and closes at predetermined times the electronically operated injector 5 .
- the system 13 automatically adjusts the timing and water input volume to suit demand.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
An engine which is fuelled solely by super heater water/steam in which the super heated water/steam is used to create power via thermal expansion. The water/steam is then condensed and then recirculated in a closed circuit arrangement so as to arrive at zero consumption and zero emissions.
Description
- The invention relates to engines and particularly to a method of fuelling an engine using water.
- In the past many efforts have been made to utilise the benefits of steam as a source of energy for fuelling engines.
- Steam engines are thermodynamic machines for converting heat from steam into work and have long been recognised as a relatively efficient source of power. Such a steam engine's cycle is often known as a Rankine cycle and its main benefit is the use of steam in the expansion process of a steam engine. The detractions of steam engines are well known and will not be detailed herein.
- Steam has been used in internal combustion engines to assist combustion and two examples are those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,953,914 and 5,261,238.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,953,914 discloses an engine driven by steam in which the steam is created external to the engine's combustion chamber and is injected via high-pressure valves to an expansion chamber.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,238 discloses injecting water into an engine's cylinders immediately after combustion of the fuel/air mix. This injection of water causes the water to vaporise thereby increasing the force produced by the engine's power stroke.
- An object of the invention is to provide an engine which uses water/steam as the sole means of creating power and which offers to users a useful alternative choice.
- Further objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example.
- According to a broadest aspect of the invention there is provided a method of fuelling an internal expansion engine in which super heated water/steam is used as the sole means of creating power via thermal expansion.
- According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided an engine fuelled solely by super heater water/steam in which the super heated water/steam is used to create power via thermal expansion, is then condensed and then recirculated in a closed circuit arrangement so as to arrive at zero consumption and zero emissions.
- In particular water is super heated, at the moment of demand, in small enough quantities to satisfy an engine's immediate demand and is not supplied via a reservoir of steam.
- The invention employs an electro-mechanically induced thermal expansion procedure to create an environment where small quantities of water can be conditioned by heat and pressure to the extent that minimal heat energy is needed to be expended to complete the expansion process. The residue of the expansion process is condensed, post the expansion phase, and cooled just enough to return it to a liquid state. Thus the applicant has created a steam powered engine with all the benefits of the steam expansion process but with none of the detractions.
- The present invention differs from a steam assisted internal combustion engine in that the water/steam is the sole means of creating power. It is not a logical sequence of furthering the steam assisted process as the logical sequence of a steam assisted process is to burn water alone, this being achieved via hydrogen cracking techniques, combustion being the common link.
- The invention requires water to be time pulse metered and delivered at very high pressure and pre-heated beyond normal vaporisation temperatures. At latency, vaporisation (and therefore expansion) does not occur within the delivery system because of the controlled residual pressure at which the engine according to the invention operates.
- The delivery system metering device when active, forces the water into the engine cylinders via injectors preset to open when a metering pump creates a pressure rise above closing pressure. As the pressure in the engine cylinders is much less than that in the delivery system the preconditioned water rapidly expands to create work in the cylinders. In each engine cylinder a further heating process takes place, via a heating element, to ensure completion of the expansion process. The manner in which such metering can take place can be controlled via a piston pump metering system or constant pressure electromechanical gating.
- Further aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only.
- The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a schematic layout of an internal expansion engine incorporating the present invention.
- In the accompanying drawing is shown an example internal expansion engine generally indicated by
arrow 1. Theengine 1 has a drive shaft or drivenshaft 2 adapted to drive a timedmetering pump 3. The timedmetering pump 3 incorporates at its output a oneway valve 4. The output from the timedmetering pump 3 is fed to aninjector 5. Anoutput pipe 6 from the oneway valve 4 to theinjector 5 is heated by a heating system (not shown in detail) such as a heating coil orelement 7. Theinjector 5 feeds super heated water from the timedmetering pump 3 to anexpansion chamber 8. Theexpansion chamber 8 has a heater 9. The heater 9 can be a glow plug or the like adapted to operate in conjunction with the output from thetimed metering pump 3 so that the heater 9 only operates periodically in a synchronised manner and at the same time as theinjector 5. Anelectronic control system 13 is incorporated and is adapted as described below to constitute an electromechanical gate system. - Expansion of the water in the
expansion chamber 8 reciprocates a piston (not shown). On the piston's upstroke theexpansion chamber 8 is emptied and the water is fed to acondensor 10. Condensate from thecondensor 10 is fed to a reservoir 11 an output of which acts as a input fluid viatubing 12 to the timed metering pump. - The flow of the water as fluid via the
timed metering pump 3, oneway valve 4,injector 5,expansion chamber 8,condensor 10 and reservoir 11 constitutes a closed loop. - In use the closed circuit nature of the water flow and the use of pulsed super heated water/steam in which only a small volume is heated at any one time produces via thermal expansion at the expansion chamber an efficient source of power which produces energy which is converted by the piston's movement into rotation in the engine's shaft which can be used for a wide variety of uses. In particular the
electronic control system 13 opens and closes at predetermined times the electronically operatedinjector 5. Thesystem 13 automatically adjusts the timing and water input volume to suit demand. - Thus by the invention there is provided an internal expansion engine operating efficiently and with optimum output.
- Where in the foregoing description particular mechanical integers are described by way of example it is envisaged that their mechanical equivalents may be substituted as if they were individually set forth herein.
- A particular example of the invention has been described and it is envisaged that improvements and modifications can take place without departing from the scope of the attached claims.
Claims (12)
1. An internal expansion engine fuelled solely by water a small quantity of which is superheated by an expansion chamber mounted electric heating element at the moment of demand, the superheated water being used to create power via thermal expansion in the engine, the superheated water after use is condensed and recirculated in a closed circuit to arrive at zero consumption of water.
2. An engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the water is super heated, at the moment of demand, in small enough quantities to satisfy an engine's immediate demand and is not supplied via a reservoir of steam.
3. An engine as claimed in claim 2 which employs electro-mechanically induced thermal expansion to create an environment where small quantities of water are conditioned by heat and pressure to the extent that minimal heat energy is needed to be expended to complete the expansion process.
4. An engine as claimed in claim 3 wherein the residue of the expansion process is condensed, post the expansion phase, and cooled just enough to return it to a liquid state.
5. An engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the engine is an internal combustion engine in which water/steam is the sole means of creating power.
6. An engine as claimed in claim 1 wherein the water is time pulsed, metered and delivered at very high pressure and pre-heated beyond normal vaporisation temperatures.
7. An engine as claimed in claim 6 wherein the residual pressure of the water/steam is controlled so that latency, vaporisation (and therefore expansion) does not occur within the delivery system.
8. An engine as claimed in claim 6 wherein the delivery system metering device when active, forces the water into the engine cylinders via injectors preset to open when a metering pump creates a pressure rise above closing pressure.
9. An engine as claimed in claim 8 wherein the pressure in the engine cylinders is much less than that in the delivery system so that the preconditioned water rapidly expands to create work in the cylinders.
10. An engine as claimed in claim 9 in which in each engine cylinder a further heating process takes place, via a heating element, to ensure completion of the expansion process.
11. An engine as claimed in claim 9 wherein the metering is controlled via a piston pump metering system or constant pressure electromechanical gating mechanism.
12. An engine as claimed in claim 1 and substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/177,469 US20060005541A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2005-07-11 | Water powered engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NZ515517A NZ515517A (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2001-11-15 | A water powered engine with water superheated by electric element at moment of demand, and zero water consumption |
NZ515517 | 2001-11-15 | ||
PCT/NZ2002/000250 WO2003042502A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2002-11-14 | A water powered engine |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/177,469 Continuation US20060005541A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2005-07-11 | Water powered engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040261416A1 true US20040261416A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
Family
ID=19928832
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/495,513 Abandoned US20040261416A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2002-11-14 | Water powered engine |
US11/177,469 Abandoned US20060005541A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2005-07-11 | Water powered engine |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/177,469 Abandoned US20060005541A1 (en) | 2001-11-15 | 2005-07-11 | Water powered engine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20040261416A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005509774A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ515517A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003042502A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010135067A1 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2010-11-25 | Aho Richard E | Apparatus for recovering energy from water |
US20130145997A1 (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-13 | Richard E. Aho | Generation of steam by impact heating |
FR2988425A1 (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-27 | Jean Claude Fendrich | Engine type device for use in e.g. boiler, for producing internal flash steam for direct injection of working fluid inside engine, has chamber sealed by motor unit, and piston whose end is in contact with heat source through heating bar |
WO2016187113A1 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-24 | Aho Richard E | Cavitation engine |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4549142B2 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2010-09-22 | 俊男 若松 | engine |
GB0426933D0 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2005-01-12 | Phillips Malcolm | An engine which operates on water |
GB2436129A (en) * | 2006-03-13 | 2007-09-19 | Univ City | Vapour power system |
GB2456641A (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-07-29 | Eduardo Barbas Carvalho Valentim | Closed water circuit cycle (no exhaust to the atmosphere) cyclic supply system for internal combustion engines |
JP2010101233A (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2010-05-06 | Hiroshi Kubota | Engine operated by refrigerant |
GB2465830A (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-09 | Peter Mckay | External combustion engine |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1309102A (en) * | 1919-07-08 | Planoqkaph co | ||
US2839888A (en) * | 1953-12-10 | 1958-06-24 | Mallory Marion | Steam engine |
US2867975A (en) * | 1953-10-26 | 1959-01-13 | Mallory Marion | Steam engine |
US3599425A (en) * | 1969-06-11 | 1971-08-17 | Paul M Lewis | Steam engines |
US3956894A (en) * | 1973-07-17 | 1976-05-18 | Tibbs Robert C | Air-steam-vapor expansion engine |
US3977191A (en) * | 1974-08-14 | 1976-08-31 | Robert Gordon Britt | Atomic expansion reflex optics power optics power source (aerops) engine |
US3990238A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1976-11-09 | Bailey Joseph H | Steam engine |
US4077214A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-03-07 | Burke Jr Jerry Allen | Condensing vapor heat engine with constant volume superheating and evaporating |
US4385494A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1983-05-31 | Mpd Technology Corporation | Fast-acting self-resetting hydride actuator |
US4426847A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1984-01-24 | Thermal Systems Limited | Reciprocating heat engine |
US5261238A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1993-11-16 | Olsen Leonard E | Internal combustion steam engine |
US5953914A (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-09-21 | Frangipane; Richard | Steam powered head device for producing a high RPM engine |
US6272855B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-08-14 | Joseph Leonardi | Two cycle heat engine |
Family Cites Families (5)
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US4416113A (en) * | 1980-12-15 | 1983-11-22 | Francisco Portillo | Internal expansion engine |
US4429203A (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1984-01-31 | Ramer James L | Electromagnetic microwave dielectric heated steam flash plug |
US4402182A (en) * | 1981-07-17 | 1983-09-06 | Miller Hugo S | Combined internal combustion and steam engine |
US4706462A (en) * | 1986-10-14 | 1987-11-17 | Jim L. De Cesare | Method for driving an engine |
US5035115A (en) * | 1990-01-02 | 1991-07-30 | Stanley Ptasinski | Energy conserving engine |
-
2001
- 2001-11-15 NZ NZ515517A patent/NZ515517A/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-11-14 JP JP2003544305A patent/JP2005509774A/en active Pending
- 2002-11-14 US US10/495,513 patent/US20040261416A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-14 WO PCT/NZ2002/000250 patent/WO2003042502A1/en active Application Filing
-
2005
- 2005-07-11 US US11/177,469 patent/US20060005541A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1309102A (en) * | 1919-07-08 | Planoqkaph co | ||
US2867975A (en) * | 1953-10-26 | 1959-01-13 | Mallory Marion | Steam engine |
US2839888A (en) * | 1953-12-10 | 1958-06-24 | Mallory Marion | Steam engine |
US3599425A (en) * | 1969-06-11 | 1971-08-17 | Paul M Lewis | Steam engines |
US3956894A (en) * | 1973-07-17 | 1976-05-18 | Tibbs Robert C | Air-steam-vapor expansion engine |
US3977191A (en) * | 1974-08-14 | 1976-08-31 | Robert Gordon Britt | Atomic expansion reflex optics power optics power source (aerops) engine |
US3990238A (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1976-11-09 | Bailey Joseph H | Steam engine |
US4077214A (en) * | 1976-08-16 | 1978-03-07 | Burke Jr Jerry Allen | Condensing vapor heat engine with constant volume superheating and evaporating |
US4426847A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1984-01-24 | Thermal Systems Limited | Reciprocating heat engine |
US4385494A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1983-05-31 | Mpd Technology Corporation | Fast-acting self-resetting hydride actuator |
US5261238A (en) * | 1990-12-20 | 1993-11-16 | Olsen Leonard E | Internal combustion steam engine |
US5953914A (en) * | 1997-07-07 | 1999-09-21 | Frangipane; Richard | Steam powered head device for producing a high RPM engine |
US6272855B1 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-08-14 | Joseph Leonardi | Two cycle heat engine |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010135067A1 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2010-11-25 | Aho Richard E | Apparatus for recovering energy from water |
US20100293949A1 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2010-11-25 | Aho Richard E | Apparatus for recovering energy from water |
CN102439263A (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2012-05-02 | 理查德.E.阿霍 | Apparatus for recovering energy from water |
US10018078B2 (en) * | 2009-05-21 | 2018-07-10 | Richard E. Aho | Apparatus for recovering energy from water |
US20130145997A1 (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2013-06-13 | Richard E. Aho | Generation of steam by impact heating |
US9574765B2 (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2017-02-21 | Richard E. Aho | Generation of steam by impact heating |
FR2988425A1 (en) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-09-27 | Jean Claude Fendrich | Engine type device for use in e.g. boiler, for producing internal flash steam for direct injection of working fluid inside engine, has chamber sealed by motor unit, and piston whose end is in contact with heat source through heating bar |
WO2016187113A1 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-24 | Aho Richard E | Cavitation engine |
CN107614832A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2018-01-19 | 理查德·E·阿霍 | Cavitation engine |
US9995479B2 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2018-06-12 | Richard E. Aho | Cavitation engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NZ515517A (en) | 2004-08-27 |
JP2005509774A (en) | 2005-04-14 |
US20060005541A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
WO2003042502A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: VAPOUR VIPER LIMITED, NEW ZEALAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WHITE, WILLIAM LLEWIS;REEL/FRAME:015684/0424 Effective date: 20040618 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |