US20040237525A1 - Assembly of gas expansion elements and method of operating said assembly - Google Patents
Assembly of gas expansion elements and method of operating said assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040237525A1 US20040237525A1 US10/482,973 US48297304A US2004237525A1 US 20040237525 A1 US20040237525 A1 US 20040237525A1 US 48297304 A US48297304 A US 48297304A US 2004237525 A1 US2004237525 A1 US 2004237525A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- containers
- gas
- bypass pipe
- gas mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
- F01K27/005—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for by means of hydraulic motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/005—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of liquid and steam or evaporation of a liquid by expansion
Abstract
An assembly of gas expansion elements for a device for converting thermal energy into motor energy in particular for a hot-water motor, wherein the assembly includes two closed pressure containers, both of which are filled with a gas or gas mixture, and both of which have an upper injection opening for hot and cold water. The assembly is provided with a short-circuit pipe between the two pressure containers and the short circuit pipe includes at least one controllable valve for equalizing the closed pressure containers, after the gas or gas mixture has performed its work.
Description
- The invention generally relates to engines and more particularly relates to an arrangement of gas expansion elements for a device for converting thermal energy into motive energy.
- During heating and expansion, gases convert a relatively large amount of heat into work, producing in rapid processes, such as the Stirling process, significant losses through dissipation, unfavorable piston control, heat and hunting losses, clearance volume effects, large regenerator resistance, and high speeds.
- From U.S. Pat. No. 4,283,915, an arrangement for converting thermal energy into motive energy is known, which includes an input for hot water and an input for cold water, with a certain temperature difference prevailing between the hot water and the cold water. The hot water and the cold water are led alternately through pipes of a heat exchanger in order to expand and to contract a working fluid. The work cycle is performed above a boiling point of the working fluid. By means of non-return valves, a relatively high pressure for activating the arrangement is guaranteed. Here, the use of the heat exchanger is disadvantageous, because such a heat exchanger has only a greatly limited efficiency for high technical expense and is relatively susceptible to faults depending on the conditions of the media flowing through and around it.
- In addition, DE 197 19 190 C2 discloses an arrangement for converting thermal energy into electrical energy, which consists of a working circuit with a working fluid for driving a fluid flow engine and of a plurality of heat exchangers that carry alternating flows of cold and hot medium. In each of the heat exchangers, there is an expansion element, which expands and contracts as a function of the temperature of the medium. The temperature-dependent expansions and contractions of this expansion element are fed over an intermediate storage device to the working circuit. For storing a force, an intermediate storage device formed as a spring is allocated to each heat exchanger, wherein each spring is connected to the piston of a pressure cylinder, whose working space is connected by means of controllable valves by way of suction and pressure lines to a working oil circuit, which drives a turbine with a generator. This arrangement features a relatively complex setup, particularly due to the intermediate storage devices formed as springs, and includes the previously mentioned disadvantages of a heat exchanger.
- Furthermore, WO 00/53898 discloses a gas expansion element for an arrangement for converting thermal energy into motive energy, particularly for a hot-water motor, consisting of a closed pressure container filled with a gas or gas mixture, which is operatively connected over an displacement piston to the arrangement. The pressure container has an upper inlet opening for hot and cold water and a lower water discharge opening. A hot-water motor includes complementary pairs of pressure containers with associated fluid piston pumps, which act on a working circuit of a water turbine. During a first cycle process, a hot, expanding gas or gas mixture is present in the first pressure container and the second pressure container contains a cold, contracting gas or gas mixture. For a subsequent second cycle process, the gas or gas mixture of the first pressure container is cooled through injection of cold water and the gas or gas mixture of the second pressure container is heated by injecting hot water. The gas volumes change correspondingly. Thus, e.g., the entire gas mixture still containing hot water in the first pressure container is flushed with cold water until the temperature in this pressure container drops to a discharge level. In this way, the thermal energy that is still present is lost.
- The object of the invention is to create an arrangement of gas expansion elements of the initially mentioned type, as well as a method for operating the arrangement, with which a relatively high efficiency can be achieved with low technical expense.
- According to the invention, there is a bypass pipe with at least one controllable valve for pressure equalization between the pressure containers after the performance of the work of the gas or gas mixture.
- At the end of the work phase, there is a pressure difference between the two pressure containers. Due to the pressure difference between the hot gas mixture of one pressure container and the cold gas mixture of the other pressure container, a pressure equalization takes place between the two pressure containers after the opening of the controlled valves. For this equalization, due to the heat flow, the heat energy still present in one pressure container is used for heating the gas mixture of the other pressure container up to an equalization temperature. Simultaneously, the amount of gas in the pressure container with the expanding gas or gas mixture increases, which brings with it an increase in the pressure difference between the two pressure containers, and thus an increase in efficiency. The valve is opened after the performance of the work of the gas mixture through corresponding expansion or contraction and the associated driving of an displacement piston of the hot-water motor, wherein the piston is formed as a fluid piston pump. Because the gas mixture heated in a first cycle process is cooled in a subsequent second cycle process, it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the gas mixture of this vessel below the equalization temperature, wherein the existing residual heat of the gas mixture is used for heating the cooled gas mixture, which is now to be heated. Thus, the residual heat is not lost without being used, which achieves a relatively high efficiency with a relatively low technical expense. The residual heat is also not led into the working circuit of the hot-water motor, from which it would have to be removed again. In addition, in the pressure container to be heated, there is a large amount of gas mixture, which finally performs the work for driving the hot-water motor through its expansion, and simultaneously the amount of the gas mixture to be cooled is smaller in the other pressure container and the reduction of the output pressure relative to a conventional arrangement is larger, which leads to a shift in the corresponding p-V diagram in the desired direction.
- According to an advantageous configuration of the invention, the bypass pipe is arranged in the upper region of the pressure container. In this region of the pressure container, in which a flange or a cover is located, there is neither hot or cold water, therefore the gas mixture can be led undisturbed through the opened valve into the bypass pipe. Furthermore, the gas mixture with the highest temperature is located approximately in this region.
- In order to avoid clearance volumes in the pressure containers, preferably a controllable valve is arranged in the region in the bypass pipe directly adjacent to the associated pressure container.
- The present invention also includes a method for operating an arrangement for which hot and cold water is alternately injected into the pressure container, such that after the transfer of the work of the gas or gas mixture of one of the pressure containers, the gas or gas mixture is led through openings of the controllable valve by way of the bypass pipe into the other pressure container.
- After the gas mixture has brought the displacement piston formed as a fluid piston pump of the hot-water motor into a predetermined position due to its expansion or contraction produced through heat or cold charging, the valve in the bypass pipe is opened for pressure equalization between the two pressure containers. Through the resulting convection of the hot gas mixture, an equalization temperature is set between the two pressure containers. This produces a significant increase in the efficiency of the arrangement operated according to the method according to the invention, because the existing residual pressure and the existing residual heat energy of the gas mixture of one pressure container are used for increasing the pressure and for heating the gas mixture of the other pressure container.
- According to a preferred configuration of the invention, one portion of the gas or gas mixture is led into the other pressure container after the transfer of the usable expansion work of the gas or gas mixture of a pressure container. Because an economically significant work phase of the gas mixture does not correspond to the entire expansion period of the gas mixture, the work phase, thus the usable expansion work of the gas mixture, is completed by the opening of the valve and its residual energy is used for increasing the pressure and for heating the gas mixture of the other pressure container.
- Advantageously, two controllable valves of the bypass pipe are opened and closed approximately simultaneously. Thus, the pressure equalization, which produces a heat flow from one pressure container to the other, is selectively controlled and the clearance volume in the bypass pipe is minimized.
- FIG. 1, a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention,
- FIG. 2, a diagram for representing a cycle process of the arrangement, and
- FIG. 3, a pressure-time diagram for representing the cycle process of the arrangement.
- The arrangement includes a
storage container 1 for water with alevel indicator 2. The container is connected by way ofpipes 3 to acooling device 4 and aheating device 5. From thecooling device 4 and theheating device 5, acorresponding pipe 6 leads to a regulatedopening pressure container pressure containers pressure containers bypass pipe 11, which has in the region of eachpressure container 9, 10 acontrollable valve pressure container circuit 16, which includes twofluid piston pumps turbine 19 with a generator. Furthermore, apump 21 is inserted in theworking circuit 16 connected to thestorage container 1 by way of aline 20. - For operating the arrangement, hot water is prepared in the
heating device 5, which is led over the first inlet opening 7 into thefirst pressure container 9. When injecting the hot water into thefirst pressure container 9, the gas mixture expands and performs work over andisplacement piston 22 of the firstfluid piston pump 17. This work is supplied by means of theworking circuit 16 to theturbine 19 for converting thermal energy. After the pressure increase and the corresponding pressure drop in thefirst pressure container 9 resulting after the piston displacement of the firstfluid piston pump 17, the water is discharged through the associateddischarge opening 14. Simultaneously, in thecooling device 4, cold water is prepared, which is led by way of the second inlet opening 8 into thesecond pressure container 10. While injecting cold water into thesecond pressure container 10, the gas mixture contracts and likewise performs work over thedisplacement piston 22 of the secondfluid piston pump 18. After the transfer of the usable expansion or contraction work of the gas mixture, the twovalves bypass pipe 11 are opened and a temperature equalization up to an equalization temperature between thefirst pressure container 9 and thesecond pressure container 10 occurs due to the pressure equalization. Then hot water is injected into thesecond pressure container 10 and cold water is injected into thefirst pressure container 9. Because the gas mixture of bothpressure containers - In the p-V diagram according to FIG. 2, the cycle process of a conventional arrangement is compared with an example arrangement according to the invention, wherein the pressure-temperature curves of a conventional arrangement are shown with continuous lines and the curves of the arrangement according to the invention are shown with dashed lines. Accordingly, the work W′ performed by a conventional arrangement is smaller than the work W performed by an arrangement according to the invention.
- The pressure-time (p-t) diagram according to FIG. 3 shows at the beginning a conventional profile of the process, for which the pressure p′max of the
first pressure container 8 falls to the pressure p′min, wherein at time te cold water is injected and the gas mixture performs work in the time period Δta. The pressure of thesecond pressure container 10 increases from the pressure p′min to the pressure p′max, wherein at time te hot water is injected into thesecond pressure container 10 and the gas mixture likewise performs work in the time period Δta for driving thefluid piston pump 14. During the time period Δt1, no work is performed and the residual pressure in thepressure containers first pressure container 9 with thesecond pressure container 10 by means of thebypass pipe 11, at time tk thevalves first pressure container 9 and thesecond pressure container 10. Thus, with the expanding gas mixture, a relatively large amount of gas mixture is located in thefirst pressure container 9 and in thesecond pressure container 10 there is a correspondingly reduced amount of gas mixture. Simultaneously, an approximate equalization temperature is set in thepressure containers pressure containers corresponding pressure container
Claims (8)
1-7. (canceled).
8. Arrangement of gas expansion elements for a device for converting thermal energy into motive energy, comprising:
first and second closed pressure containers filled with a gas or gas mixture, wherein said first and second containers are operatively connected to the device and each include a respectively associated upper injection opening for hot and cold water,
a bypass pipe connecting said first and second containers with at least one controllable valve disposed in series with said bypass pipe for pressure equalization between the pressure containers after the gas or gas mixture has performed its work.
9. Arrangement according to claim 8 , wherein the bypass pipe is arranged in an upper region of at least one of said first and second containers.
10. Arrangement according to claim 8 , wherein the controllable valve is arranged in series with the bypass pipe in a region in the bypass pipe directly adjacent to at least one of said first and second containers.
11. Arrangement according to claim 8 , wherein the bypass pipe is heat-insulated with the at least one controllable valve.
12. Method for operating an arrangement of gas expansion elements for which hot and cold fluid is alternately injected into pressure containers, comprising the step of:
transferring the fluid to one of the first or second pressure containers,
directing the fluid through openings of a controllable valve placed in series with a bypass pipe which communicates between the first and second pressure containers.
13. Method according to claim 12 , wherein after the transfer of usable expansion work of the fluid in one of said first or second pressure containers, a portion of the fluid is led into the other pressure container.
14. Arrangement according to claim 12 , wherein said controllable valve includes first and second controllable valves placed in series with said bypass pipe, wherein said first and second controllable valves are opened and closed approximately simultaneously.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10133153.3 | 2001-07-07 | ||
DE10133153A DE10133153C1 (en) | 2001-07-07 | 2001-07-07 | Gas expansion units, to convert thermal energy into motor energy as a hot water motor, has closed pressure vessels with injection openings for hot and cold water, and a short circuit pipe between them for pressure compensation |
PCT/DE2002/002416 WO2003004835A1 (en) | 2001-07-07 | 2002-07-03 | Assembly of gas expansion elements and a method for operating said assembly |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040237525A1 true US20040237525A1 (en) | 2004-12-02 |
Family
ID=7691075
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/482,973 Abandoned US20040237525A1 (en) | 2001-07-07 | 2002-07-03 | Assembly of gas expansion elements and method of operating said assembly |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040237525A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1404948B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2004532953A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20040018424A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE422602T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0211238A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2453017A1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE10133153C1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04000011A (en) |
NO (1) | NO20040036L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003004835A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060059912A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Pat Romanelli | Vapor pump power system |
WO2014046600A1 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-27 | Wachtmeister, Isa | Process and plant for production of electricity by combustion |
US20140175798A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Howard G. Hoose, JR. | Power generation system and method of use thereof |
WO2014129909A1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | Viking Heat Engines As | Device and method for operational and safety control of a heat engine |
US10487698B2 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2019-11-26 | Songwei GUO | Supercritical fluid power system and control method therefor |
CN113865909A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-31 | 江苏国富氢能技术装备股份有限公司 | Performance testing device for refrigeration expander |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004003694A1 (en) * | 2004-01-24 | 2005-11-24 | Gerhard Stock | Arrangement for converting thermal into motor energy |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3100965A (en) * | 1959-09-29 | 1963-08-20 | Charles M Blackburn | Hydraulic power supply |
US3803847A (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1974-04-16 | Alister R Mc | Energy conversion system |
US3901033A (en) * | 1972-02-28 | 1975-08-26 | Roy E Mcalister | Vapor pressurized hydrostatic drive |
US4063417A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-12-20 | Carrier Corporation | Power generating system employing geothermally heated fluid |
US4283915A (en) * | 1976-04-14 | 1981-08-18 | David P. McConnell | Hydraulic fluid generator |
US6192683B1 (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 2001-02-27 | Gerhard Stock | Device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9522231D0 (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1996-01-03 | Dantec Services Ltd | Method and apparatus for driving a rotor |
DE19909611C1 (en) * | 1999-03-05 | 2000-04-06 | Gerhard Stock | Gas expander for hot water engine has container with sliding piston and hot and cold water injection nozzle in top |
-
2001
- 2001-07-07 DE DE10133153A patent/DE10133153C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-03 US US10/482,973 patent/US20040237525A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-03 JP JP2003510578A patent/JP2004532953A/en active Pending
- 2002-07-03 EP EP02754307A patent/EP1404948B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-03 DE DE50213273T patent/DE50213273D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-03 CA CA002453017A patent/CA2453017A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-03 KR KR10-2004-7000000A patent/KR20040018424A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-03 MX MXPA04000011A patent/MXPA04000011A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-03 AT AT02754307T patent/ATE422602T1/en active
- 2002-07-03 WO PCT/DE2002/002416 patent/WO2003004835A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-07-03 BR BR0211238-8A patent/BR0211238A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-01-06 NO NO20040036A patent/NO20040036L/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3100965A (en) * | 1959-09-29 | 1963-08-20 | Charles M Blackburn | Hydraulic power supply |
US3901033A (en) * | 1972-02-28 | 1975-08-26 | Roy E Mcalister | Vapor pressurized hydrostatic drive |
US3803847A (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1974-04-16 | Alister R Mc | Energy conversion system |
US4063417A (en) * | 1976-02-04 | 1977-12-20 | Carrier Corporation | Power generating system employing geothermally heated fluid |
US4283915A (en) * | 1976-04-14 | 1981-08-18 | David P. McConnell | Hydraulic fluid generator |
US6192683B1 (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 2001-02-27 | Gerhard Stock | Device for converting thermal energy into electrical energy |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060059912A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-23 | Pat Romanelli | Vapor pump power system |
WO2014046600A1 (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-27 | Wachtmeister, Isa | Process and plant for production of electricity by combustion |
US20140175798A1 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Howard G. Hoose, JR. | Power generation system and method of use thereof |
WO2014099184A1 (en) | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | Hoose Howard G Jr | Power generation system and method of use thereof |
US9341165B2 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2016-05-17 | Howard G. Hoose, JR. | Power generation system and method of use thereof |
EP2948676A4 (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2016-11-16 | Howard G Hoose Jr | Power generation system and method of use thereof |
WO2014129909A1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | Viking Heat Engines As | Device and method for operational and safety control of a heat engine |
NO335230B1 (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-10-27 | Viking Heat Engines As | Device and method of operation and safety control of a heat power machine |
CN105074186A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2015-11-18 | 维金热引擎有限公司 | Device and method for operational and safety control of a heat engine |
US10487698B2 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2019-11-26 | Songwei GUO | Supercritical fluid power system and control method therefor |
CN113865909A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-31 | 江苏国富氢能技术装备股份有限公司 | Performance testing device for refrigeration expander |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE422602T1 (en) | 2009-02-15 |
WO2003004835A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
JP2004532953A (en) | 2004-10-28 |
MXPA04000011A (en) | 2005-06-06 |
BR0211238A (en) | 2004-08-10 |
CA2453017A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
DE50213273D1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
EP1404948A1 (en) | 2004-04-07 |
DE10133153C1 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
EP1404948B1 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
KR20040018424A (en) | 2004-03-03 |
NO20040036L (en) | 2004-01-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |