US20040136082A1 - Polarization splitter, method of manufacturing same and ophthalmic lens incorporating projection inserts containing it - Google Patents

Polarization splitter, method of manufacturing same and ophthalmic lens incorporating projection inserts containing it Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040136082A1
US20040136082A1 US10/727,103 US72710303A US2004136082A1 US 20040136082 A1 US20040136082 A1 US 20040136082A1 US 72710303 A US72710303 A US 72710303A US 2004136082 A1 US2004136082 A1 US 2004136082A1
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Prior art keywords
polarization
polarization splitter
splitter according
peaks
peak
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Abandoned
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US10/727,103
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English (en)
Inventor
Herve Cado
Renaud Moliton
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EssilorLuxottica SA
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Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA
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Assigned to ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL reassignment ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CADO, HERVE, MOLITON, RENAUD
Publication of US20040136082A1 publication Critical patent/US20040136082A1/en
Priority to US11/154,429 priority Critical patent/US7163291B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a polarization splitter.
  • the invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such a polarization splitter. It additionally relates to ophthalmic lenses having inserts for projecting an image towards the user, comprising such a polarization splitter.
  • the invention finally relates to devices for projecting an image towards the user, comprising such ophthalmic lenses.
  • Polarization splitters are optical elements which enable light to be broken down into its different polarization components.
  • the direction of polarization of the light is defined with respect to the oscillation plane of the electric field. More often than not, non-polarized light is broken down into its two orthogonal linear polarizations. This being the case, a distinction is made between (perpendicular) S polarization and (parallel) P polarization.
  • S polarized light the oscillation plane is perpendicular to the plane of incidence defined by the normal line of the surface and the incidence vector.
  • P polarization light the oscillation plane is parallel to the plane of incidence.
  • the components can be split by absorption or by reflection.
  • polarization splitters transmit P polarization and reflect S polarization. It is generally accepted that an ideal polarization splitter reflects all the polarized light perpendicularly to the plane of incidence (S), whereas it transmits all the polarized light parallel with the plane of incidence (P) (for a given wavelength).
  • the efficiency of the polarization splitting function may be expressed as the product of the spectral reflection of the S polarization (Rs) multiplied by the spectral transmission of the P polarization (Tp), namely (Rs) ⁇ (Tp) (at a given wavelength). It is also generally acknowledged that the aim in producing a polarization splitter is to achieve an efficiency in excess of 80% and preferably in excess of 90%.
  • Polarization splitters lend themselves to various applications, which include ophthalmic lenses incorporating inserts for projecting an image towards a user.
  • ophthalmic lenses of image-combining systems for spectacles or masks an image is projected towards the eye of the wearer via an optical path determined by the lens;
  • the term “lens” is then used to refer to the optical system containing the inserts, which may be designed in particular to be mounted in a spectacle frame or in a mask.
  • the inserts may contain mirrors, beam splitters, polarization splitter cubes, quarter-wave plates, lenses, mirrors, concave reflective lenses (a Mangin mirror, for example), diffraction lenses and/or holographic components.
  • a device for projecting images towards the user will then comprise the lens mounted in spectacles or masks and an image source such as a micro-screen, for example a liquid crystal micro-screen, more specifically a Kobin CyberDisplay 320 micro-display.
  • the polarization splitter elements are used to process the polarized light emitted by the micro-screens currently used, such as micro-displays.
  • FIG. 1 One example of such an ophthalmic lens is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the image is emitted by a source 1 .
  • the source 1 may be a miniaturized micro-screen such as a liquid crystal micro-display emitting polarized light (P).
  • the optical system of the projecting ophthalmic lens 10 comprises a field lens 2 .
  • a mirror 3 and the polarization splitter 4 are placed so as to intercept the optical path travelled by the image inside the ophthalmic lens 10 . Bonded to the polarization splitter 4 is a quarter-wave plate 5 and a Mangin mirror 6 .
  • the ophthalmic lens 10 operates in the following manner. Polarized light from the source 1 passes firstly through a field lens 2 . Having passed through it, it is reflected by a mirror 3 , which returns turns it through an angle of 90°. The light then passes through the polarization splitter 4 , whereby one of the polarization components (S) is reflected and the other (P) is transmitted. The transmitted component passes through a quarter-wave plate 5 , the axes of which are arranged at 45° relative to the propagation direction P in the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction, then strikes a Mangin mirror 6 , which reflects the light so that it is sent back through the quarter-wave plate. The light, which is now S polarized, is reflected by the polarization splitter towards the eye of the observer. Consequently, this embodiment enables the polarized light transmitted by the micro-screen to be sent back towards the eye 7 .
  • a device of this type incorporating an “ideal” polarization splitter has a drawback in that, in terms of ophthalmic function, it directs only 50% of the light from an object towards the eye because 50% of this light is S polarized and is therefore reflected by the splitter.
  • See-through image refers to the image of a scene as viewed when the light rays pass directly through the polarization splitter element.
  • Screen image refers to the image of a light source (in our example a micro-screen) passing though the lens inserted in the display glass, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • a light source in our example a micro-screen
  • Transmission of the imaging function of the display glass refers to the value of the mathematical integral of the product of the spectral transmission of the imaging function of the display glass (defined by the optical path in FIG. 1) multiplied by the emission spectrum of the source divided by the integral of the emission spectrum of the source [in the spectral domain in question].
  • transmission of the imaging function of the display glass as well as transmission of the see-through vision function may also be weighted by the spectral sensitivity, of the eye. This is then referred to as “photopic transmission of the imaging function of the display glass”.
  • the normalized curve Y of the CIE (Commission International de l'Eclairage) 2° observer will be used as the curve representing the spectral sensitivity of the eye.
  • a curve is said to be locally centered on the emission spectrum of the light source when:
  • the curve follows a peak (or a valley), the local extremum of which is not spectrally distant from the apex of the emission peak of the source by greater than the value of the mid-height width of this peak;
  • the Rayleigh criterion may also be applied, on the assumption that two curves are locally centered.
  • the invention therefore provides a polarization splitter which improves “see-through” vision whilst maintaining a high screen transmission.
  • the invention also enables a balance to be maintained between the colors of the two images received by the eye.
  • the invention is based, in particular, on the discovery that it is sufficient for the polarization splitter to reflect the S polarization around the frequencies at which the micro-display emits, in other words, typically 630, 520 and 460 nm (corresponding to the colors red, green and blue, respectively).
  • the invention therefore provides a polarization splitter, in which reflection of the polarization is locally centered on at least one emission peak of the emission source of a micro-screen image.
  • Micro-screens or micro-displays are generally known and nowadays are based on LCD technology; one example is the Kopin micro-display. Moreover, it is an easy matter to measure the energy emission spectrum of such a micro-display and determine at least one emission wavelength from it.
  • the reflection of the splitter is locally centered on at least two peaks.
  • the reflection of the splitter is locally centered on at least one peak in the visible spectrum.
  • the invention also proposes a polarization splitter in which reflection of the S polarization is locally centered on at least one peak corresponding to a wavelength selected from red, green and blue.
  • Transmission of the S polarization is effected in a “comb” pattern (if this transmission is centered on two wavelengths at least).
  • the splitter reflects the polarization S centered on the red, green and blue.
  • the peaks of the spectral reflectance curve for the S polarization in the splitter have a maximum level of between 60 and 100%, preferably between 80 and 100%.
  • the spectral reflectance curve for the S polarization in the splitter has a level of between 0 and 35%, preferably between 0 and 20%, in all zones that are not locally centered around the peaks.
  • each peak of the spectral reflectance curve of the S polarization in the splitter has a mid-height width of between 5 and 100 nm, preferably between 20 and 80 nm.
  • each peak of the curve in the splitter resulting from the product of the spectral transmittance for the P polarization and the spectral reflectance for the S polarization, centered around one of the peaks, has a mid-height width ranging between 5 and 100 nm, preferably between 20 and 80 nm.
  • the spectral transmittance for the P polarization in the splitter is in excess of 80%, preferably in excess of 90%, on the emission spectrum of the source, which is preferably between 400 and 700 nm.
  • the integrated mean transmittance in the splitter between 400 and 700 nm is greater than 70%.
  • the splitter has a substrate comprising a stack of thin layers.
  • the splitter has a substrate comprising a holographic element.
  • one of the materials in the stack is silicon dioxide.
  • one of the materials in the stack is zirconium dioxide or praseodymium titanate.
  • the splitter according to the invention is in the form of a cube made up of two prisms.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a polarization splitter, comprising the following steps:
  • the invention further relates to an ophthalmic lens having inserts for projecting an image towards the user, comprising a polarization splitter according to the invention.
  • the polarization splitter is in the form of a cube.
  • the invention further relates to a device for projecting an image towards the user, comprising a lens according to the invention.
  • the projection device additionally comprises a liquid crystal micro-screen.
  • the liquid crystal micro-screen in the projection device emits a polarized light P in the red, green and blue spectrum.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ophthalmic lens with inserts for projecting an image toward the user;
  • FIG. 2 represents the spectrum of the emission source (Kopin Cyber display Color 320 micro-display);
  • FIG. 3 shows the spectral reflectance curve for the S polarization for a polarization splitter according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows the spectral transmittance curve for the P polarization for a polarization splitter according to the invention.
  • the splitter according to the invention comprises a stack of thin layers on a substrate of a given refractive index. It may also comprise a substrate provided with a stack or holographic element.
  • it might be a stack containing only two materials, one a “high refractive index” material and the other a “low refractive index” material, in an alternating arrangement.
  • This embodiment has been chosen due to the fact that it is easy to produce. However, it would also be possible to use 20 different materials, for example, arranged in a stack of 20 layers, using materials which might be termed “medium refractive index”.
  • ZrO 2 a well known material
  • PrTiO 3 PrTiO 3 (praseodymium titanate).
  • the material is deposited on the substrate starting with a non-stoichiometric compound [available from the Merck company under the name of Substance H 2 ], which is deposited by vacuum deposition in the presence of oxygen. The compound is then in oxidized form and produces a transparent film corresponding to the formula PrTiO 3 .
  • the refractive index of PrTiO 3 is 2.0095 at 635 nm (reference wavelength).
  • the refractive index of ZrO 2 is 1.9883.
  • the second material therefore has a lower refractive index than the first.
  • These materials include in particular SiO 2 and MgF 2 , the refractive index of SiO 2 , which is 1.4786 at 635 nm, having been found to be particularly suitable.
  • the substrate may be any transparent substrate that is compatible with the materials constituting the stack and in particular may be inorganic or organic substrates.
  • inorganic substrate is meant a substrate of mineral glass, as opposed to the concept of “organic substrate”, which is made from a polymer.
  • Appropriate materials for organic substrates are, for example, polymers from the sort consisting of polythiourethanes, obtained from a polythiol and a polyisocyanate. Such materials and the process by which they are obtained are described in patents U.S. Pat. No. 4,689,387 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,775,733, for example.
  • Suitable polythiols might include, for example, pentaerythrol tetrakis (thioglycolate), pentaerythrol tetrakis(mercapto-propionate) or MDO [4-mercapto-methyl-3,6-dithia-1,8-octane dithiol].
  • the polyisocyanate may be xylylene diisocyanate in particular.
  • One particularly suitable organic substrate is obtained by polymerising compositions based on xylylene diisocyanate, pentaerythritol tetrakis(mercapto-propionate) and MDO.
  • Such a product is available from the Mitsui company under the name of MR8.
  • inorganic substrate material 1.6 sold by Corning, Code 60043, could be used, for example, the optical constants of which are essentially identical to those of MR8.
  • BK7 sold by Schott Optical Glass, may also be used as an inorganic substrate, for example.
  • the splitter according to the invention is obtained by depositing successive thin layers. Generally speaking, the stack will have 5 to 20, in particular 10 to 15 , layers of material.
  • the substrate may be maintained at a temperature above ambient temperature, for example between 80 and 120° C.
  • the substrate is advantageously subjected to an ionic cleaning process prior to the deposition stage, for example with argon.
  • the evaporation rate is generally 1 to 10 nm/s, preferably 2 to 5 nm/s.
  • the layers and their respective thickness are determined in a conventional manner by a person skilled in the art, as a function of the wavelengths around which transmission is to be centered.
  • the polarization splitter according to the invention is particularly well suited to applications of the type involving portable vision equipment, such as ophthalmic lenses with inserts for projecting an image towards the user.
  • FIG. 1 An example of such a lens is illustrated in FIG. 1, details of which were described above.
  • the invention permits better “see-through” vision, i.e. the ophthalmic vision of an object.
  • the average transmission is increased.
  • the micro-display since only some of the S polarized light returned by the mirror after passing through the quarter-wave plate is reflected towards the eye of the user, it produces a drop in the light transmission emitted by the micro-display towards the eye of the user. However, this drop is not significant because the splitter reflects the S polarization around the emission wavelengths of the micro-display.
  • efficiency of the see-through vision passes from a value of about 50% such as obtained with a conventional polarization splitter to a value of about 75% using the polarization splitter according to the invention.
  • transmission of the imaging function drops to a value of approximately 40% only, which compares with 50% obtained using a conventional polarization splitter.
  • the ophthalmic lens is preferably made from the same material as the substrate on which the stack of thin layers is deposited, for example MR8 or BK7.
  • the splitter is made in the form of a prism.
  • the fact of using a substrate of the same composition for the splitter and hence with the same refractive index as the material used for the ophthalmic lens makes the polarization splitter less visible to the wearer and thus reduces discomfort caused by the ophthalmic function of the glass.
  • the polarization splitter is advantageously provided in the form of a splitter cube, made up of two prisms, one of them having a stack of the type described above on one of its faces. It would also be possible to design a polarization splitter in the form of a plate embedded in the ophthalmic lens.
  • the examples described below are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it.
  • the simulation software used is “Code V”, version 9.0, Sept. 2001, available from Optical Research Associate, 3280 East Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, Calif. 91107.
  • the simulated transmission values are calculated on the basis of the formula used for the thin layer stack.
  • a Kopin micro-display is used in all the examples (see FIG. 2).
  • the disc was then introduced into a deposition unit under vacuum. It is then subjected to ionic cleaning under argon at a 3.10-5 mbar pressure with a voltage of 120 V at the anode and 1 A of ionic current for 2 minutes.
  • a layer of PrTiO 3 was then deposited at a thickness as indicated in Table 1, at a pressure of 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mbar under the following conditions:
  • oxygen pressure 5 ⁇ 10-5 mbar
  • evaporation source electron gun
  • the thickness of the layer was monitored by means of a quartz balance and evaporation halted when the thickness indicated in Table 1 was reached.
  • a layer of SiO 2 was then deposited in a thickness as indicated in Table 1, under the same conditions.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the spectral reflectance and transmittance of the polarization splitter with regard to the S and P polarization light respectively. It may be noted that the transmittance is on average at least 95% for the P polarization light whereas the S polarization light is reflected as a function of the wavelength, this reflection (or transmission) being centered around the red, green and blue wavelengths (at 630, 520 and 460 nm respectively). Transmission is between approximately 25 and 30%, the mid-height widths being between approximately 35 and 70 nm.
  • the integrated average transmission between 400 and 700 ⁇ m is approximately 75%, which represents a gain of 25% in terms of ophthalmic vision compared with a conventional splitter.
  • the visual transmission (weighting of the transmission by the spectral response of the eye) is also approximately 75%.
  • the transmittance of the imaging function was also determined for the center and edges of the field of vision in order to determine the effect of angle on processing.
  • the transmission is calculated for a standardized CIE (Commission International de l'Eclairage) user Y in the example of a display glass of the type illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • CIE Commission International de l'Eclairage
  • the values obtained are as follows (FOV: Field of View, ⁇ 4 to +4° and ⁇ 5 to +5 , respectively). Blue Y vs FOV ⁇ 5 0 5 4 34.45 35.34 0 34.49 35.98 35.33 ⁇ 4 34.45 35.34
  • the splitter according to the invention has very little effect on the way colors are perceived in the imaging process. It modifies the colors of the micro-display very little.
  • the see-through transmission was also calculated for various angles of incidence on the splitter. The values are 74.57%, 76.60% and 76.28% for angle values of 40 , 45° and 50°, respectively. Transmission is therefore homogeneous.
  • Example 1 The other conclusions drawn in respect of Example 1 apply to this example mutatis mutandis.
  • the polarization splitter may also be useful in applications involving the supply and processing of polarized light. Furthermore, the polarization splitter according to the invention may be used as a means of splitting light into its circular or elliptical polarization components.
US10/727,103 2002-12-03 2003-12-02 Polarization splitter, method of manufacturing same and ophthalmic lens incorporating projection inserts containing it Abandoned US20040136082A1 (en)

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FR0215197A FR2847988B1 (fr) 2002-12-03 2002-12-03 Separateur de polarisation, procede pour sa fabrication et lentille ophtalmique presentant des inserts de projection le contenant
FR0215197 2002-12-03

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EP (1) EP1570304B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006509248A (fr)
AT (1) ATE386279T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003298388A1 (fr)
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US10809528B2 (en) 2014-04-23 2020-10-20 Lumus Ltd. Compact head-mounted display system
US10962784B2 (en) 2005-02-10 2021-03-30 Lumus Ltd. Substrate-guide optical device
US11243434B2 (en) * 2017-07-19 2022-02-08 Lumus Ltd. LCOS illumination via LOE
US11262587B2 (en) 2018-05-22 2022-03-01 Lumus Ltd. Optical system and method for improvement of light field uniformity
US11415812B2 (en) 2018-06-26 2022-08-16 Lumus Ltd. Compact collimating optical device and system
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FR2877737B1 (fr) * 2004-11-05 2007-01-19 Essilor Int Afficheur ophtalmique comportant une lentille ophtalmique et un imageur optique
US8471967B2 (en) 2011-07-15 2013-06-25 Google Inc. Eyepiece for near-to-eye display with multi-reflectors
KR102426760B1 (ko) * 2015-04-24 2022-07-29 엘지이노텍 주식회사 헤드 마운트 디스플레이 장치
CN108897136A (zh) 2018-09-10 2018-11-27 太若科技(北京)有限公司 Ar光学装置和穿戴式ar设备
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AU2003298388A1 (en) 2004-06-30
US7163291B2 (en) 2007-01-16
EP1570304A1 (fr) 2005-09-07
EP1570304B1 (fr) 2008-02-13
FR2847988B1 (fr) 2005-02-25
ES2299754T3 (es) 2008-06-01
JP2006509248A (ja) 2006-03-16
DE60319130T2 (de) 2008-11-20
WO2004053541A1 (fr) 2004-06-24
ATE386279T1 (de) 2008-03-15
DE60319130D1 (de) 2008-03-27
FR2847988A1 (fr) 2004-06-04
US20050243433A1 (en) 2005-11-03

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