US20040121240A1 - Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same - Google Patents
Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040121240A1 US20040121240A1 US10/731,633 US73163303A US2004121240A1 US 20040121240 A1 US20040121240 A1 US 20040121240A1 US 73163303 A US73163303 A US 73163303A US 2004121240 A1 US2004121240 A1 US 2004121240A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbonate
- electrolyte
- lipf
- solvent
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- -1 cyclic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical class C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000006539 C12 alkyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- PDOXCFPUGNQQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylpropyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OCC(C)C PDOXCFPUGNQQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OC FWBMVXOCTXTBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QRKULNUXBVSTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)(C)C QRKULNUXBVSTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013884 LiPF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013880 LiPF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NAJMIVLMDLWNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound CCC(C)COC(O)=O NAJMIVLMDLWNRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-butoxyethoxy)butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCCC GDXHBFHOEYVPED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013375 LiC Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013406 LiN(SO2CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013888 LiPF5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- BJEWLOAZFAGNPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C=C BJEWLOAZFAGNPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011369 resultant mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKPZSFSMUGHTME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylsulfonylpropane Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C=C MKPZSFSMUGHTME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003005 LiNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JHGHTBSOZYDUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylsulfonylcyclohexane Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C1CCCCC1 JHGHTBSOZYDUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/137—Electrodes based on electro-active polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/40—Alloys based on alkali metals
- H01M4/405—Alloys based on lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte capable of providing a lithium secondary battery having superior battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics such as electrical capacity, storage characteristic, and also relates to a lithium secondary battery using the same.
- Lithium secondary batteries are mainly composed of a cathode, a non-aqueous electrolyte and an anode.
- a lithium secondary battery having a lithium complex oxide such as LiCoO 2 as a cathode and a carbonaceous material or lithium metal as an anode is suitably used.
- a composition comprising a combination of a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate (EC) or propylene carbonate (PC) and a linear carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is suitably used.
- a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate (EC) or propylene carbonate (PC)
- a linear carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC)
- a lithium salt such as LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 or LiBF 4 is used as the salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte containing such a non-aqueous solvent and the LiPF 6 dissolved therein is known to be high conductivity and high in the oxidation decomposition voltage of the LiPF 6 , and therefore, is stable at high voltage.
- LiPF 6 is inferior in heat stability, and therefore, there is the problem that the lithium salt is decomposed at a high temperature environment of 60° C. or more and the battery performances such as the cycle life under a high temperature environment are tremendously decreased.
- LiBF 4 which is superior to LiPF 6 in the heat stability, may be mentioned, but the ion conductivity that is inferior to that of LiPF 6 .
- battery performance such as the cycle life is decreased under an ordinary temperature environment. Therefore, a cyclic ester such as ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) is used due to the relatively high conductivity thereof.
- GBL when GBL is used for a lithium secondary battery using a highly crystallized carbonaceous material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite as an anode, the GBL will electrochemically be decomposed at the graphite anode interface at the time of charging, and therefore, the battery performance will be decreased along with repeated use of charging and discharging.
- the battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics are not necessarily satisfactory.
- the objects of the present invention are to solve the above-mentioned problems relating to an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and provide a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery having superior the battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics such as electrical capacity and a lithium secondary battery using the same.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising (i) a non-aqueous solvent and (ii) an electrolyte salt dissolved therein and (iii) a vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I):
- R indicates a C 1 to C 12 alkyl group, C 2 to C 12 alkenyl group, or C 3 to C 6 cycloalkyl group.
- a lithium secondary battery comprising (a) a cathode, (b) an anode and (c) a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising (i) a non-aqueous solvent and (ii) an electrolyte salt dissolved therein, and (iii) a vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I):
- R indicates a C 1 to C 12 alkyl group, C 2 to C 12 alkenyl group, or C 3 to C 6 cycloalkyl group.
- the non-aqueous solvent is mainly composed of a cyclic carbonate, a cyclic ester, and optionally a linear carbonate and the electrolyte salt is LiBF 4 .
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is used as a component member of a lithium secondary battery.
- the component members of the secondary battery other than the non-aqueous electrolyte are not particularly limited.
- the various component members used in the past may be used.
- the R in the vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I) is a C 1 to C 12 alkyl group, preferably a C 1 to C 4 alkyl group such as a methyl group, ethyl group, or propyl group.
- the alkyl group may be a branched alkyl group such as an isopropyl group or isobutyl group.
- it may be a C 2 to C 12 alkenyl group, preferably C 1 to C 6 alkenyl group, such as a vinyl group or allyl group or a C 3 to C 6 cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopropyl group or cyclohexyl group.
- R divinyl sulfone
- the content of the vinyl sulfone derivative (I) is too large, the conductivity of the electrolyte etc. are varied and the battery performance is decreased in some cases. Further, if the content is too small, a sufficient coating is not formed and the expected battery performance cannot be obtained. Therefore, the content is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 10% by weight, based upon the weight of the electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous solvent used in the present invention is preferably composed of a high dielectric solvent and a low viscosity solvent.
- Examples of the high dielectric solvent are cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC) These high dielectric solvents may be used alone or in any mixture thereof.
- cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC)
- Examples of the low viscosity solvent are a linear carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), butylmethyl carbonate (BMC), methylisopropyl carbonate (MIPC), isobutylmethyl carbonate (IBMC), sec-butylmethyl carbonate (SBMC) and tert-butylmethyl carbonate (TBMC); an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, and 1,2-dibutoxyethane; a lactone such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, a nitrile such as acetonitrile, an ester such as methyl propionate, and an amide such as dimethyl formamide.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- MEC methyl
- the high dielectric solvent and low viscosity solvent may be freely selected and combined for use. It should be noted that the above high dielectric solvent and low viscosity solvent are used in a ratio of normally 1:9 to 4:1, preferably 1:4 to 7:3 by volume (i.e., high dielectric solvent:low viscosity solvent).
- Examples of the electrolyte salt used in the present invention are LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiPF 4 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiPF 5 (iso-C 3 F 7 ), LiPF 4 (iso-C 3 F 7 ) 2 , etc.
- These salts may be used alone or may be used in any combination thereof.
- These salts are preferably used in concentrations of 0.1 to 3M, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5M.
- the electrolyte of the present invention can be obtained by, for example, mixing the above-mentioned high dielectric solvent and low viscosity solvent, dissolving the electrolyte salt therein, and further dissolving the vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I) therein.
- the non-aqueous solvent preferably used in the present invention contains at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate, as a cyclic carbonate, and contains ⁇ -butyrolactone and/or ⁇ -valerolactone as a cyclic ester.
- linear carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), butylmethyl carbonate (BMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) and a branched carbonate such as methylisopropyl carbonate (MIPC), isobutylmethyl carbonate (IBMC), sec-butylmethyl carbonate (SBMC), and tert-butylmethyl carbonate (TBMC) may be mentioned.
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- MEC methylethyl carbonate
- MEC methylpropyl carbonate
- BMC butylmethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- MIPC methylisopropyl carbonate
- IBMC isobutylmethyl carbonate
- SBMC sec-butylmethyl carbonate
- TBMC tert-butylmethyl carbonate
- the cyclic carbonate and cyclic ester or further the linear carbonate are used suitably selected and combined.
- the non-aqueous solvent the cyclic carbonate is used in an amount of 5 to 50% by volume, the cyclic ester 5 to 75% by volume, and the linear carbonate 0 to 70% by volume.
- butylmethyl carbonate having a branched C 4 H 9 group isobutylmethyl carbonate, sec-butylmethyl carbonate, and tert-butylmethyl carbonate may be mentioned.
- the content is preferably 10 to 70% by volume, based upon the non-aqueous electrolyte composed of the cyclic carbonate and cyclic ester and further optionally the linear carbonate.
- LiBF 4 may be mentioned. This is used dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent at a concentration of usually 0.1 to 3M, preferably 0.5 to 1.5M.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is obtained by, for example, mixing the cyclic carbonate and cyclic ester and optionally further the linear carbonate, dissolving the salt therein and dissolving the vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I).
- a complex metal oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, nickel, chrome, iron, and vanadium with lithium is used.
- a complex metal oxide for example, LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , etc. may be mentioned.
- the cathode is prepared by, for example, mixing the cathode active material with a conductive agent such as acetylene black or carbon black and a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a solvent to make a cathode paste, then coating the cathode paste on a collector such as aluminum foil or a stainless steel foil or lath, drying, compression molding, then heat treating at a temperature of at 50 to 250° C. for about 2 hours in vacuum.
- a conductive agent such as acetylene black or carbon black
- a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
- a solvent such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a solvent to make a cathode paste
- a collector such as aluminum foil or a stainless steel foil or
- lithium metal or a lithium alloy and a carbonaceous material having a graphite-type crystal structure capable of intercalate and disintercalate lithium e.g., heat cracked carbons, coke, graphite (e.g., artificial graphite, natural graphite, etc.), an organic polymer compound sintered product, carbon fiber), a complex tin oxide, etc.
- a carbonaceous material having a graphite-type crystal structure having a lattice spacing (d 002 ) of the lattice face (002) of 0.335 to 0.340 nm is preferably used.
- the powder material such as the carbonaceous material is mixed with a binder such as ethylenepropylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to make an anode paste.
- a binder such as ethylenepropylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to make an anode paste.
- the structure of the lithium secondary battery is not particularly limited.
- a coin battery having a cathode, anode, single layer or multiple layer separator and further a cylindrical battery, prismatic battery, etc. having a cathode, anode, and roll-shaped separator may be mentioned as examples.
- the separator a known polyolefin porous film, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, etc. is used.
- LiCoO 2 i.e., a cathode active material
- acetylene black i.e., a conductive agent
- polyvinylidene fluoride i.e., a binder
- 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added and mixed therewith.
- the resultant mixture was coated on an aluminum foil, dried, compression molded, and heat treated to form the cathode.
- 90% by weight of natural graphite (i.e., an anode active material) and 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (i.e., a binder) were mixed.
- 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added and mixed therewith.
- the resultant slurry was coated on a copper foil, dried, compression molded, and heat treated to form the anode.
- a separator of a polypropylene porous film was used and the above electrolyte was injected to prepare a coin battery (i.e., diameter 20 mm, thickness 3.2 mm).
- the above coin type battery was charged at room temperature (20° C.) by a 0.8 mA constant current and constant voltage for 5 hours to an end voltage of 4.2V, then was discharged under a constant current of 0.8 mA to an end voltage of 2.7V. This charging and discharging was repeated.
- the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were determined, whereupon the retaining rate of the discharging capacity, when the initial discharge capacity was 100%, was 86.1%. Further, the low temperature characteristics were also good.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin batteries and the battery characteristics of the same are shown in Table I-1.
- Example I-1 The same procedure was followed as in Example I-1 except for using as the additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R-vinyl group) in an amount of 0.5% by weight, based upon the electrolyte to prepare the electrolyte and prepare a coin battery.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 84.7%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 81.1%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 85.7%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- This electrolyte was used to prepare a coin battery in the same way as in Example I-1 and determine the battery characteristics. As a result, PC was decomposed at the initial charge and therefore, no discharge was effected when the battery was observed by disassembling the same after the initial charge, the graphite anode was peeled off. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- the low temperature characteristics are good.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 90.4%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 89.3%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- This electrolyte was used to prepare a coin battery in the same way as in Example I-1 and determine the battery characteristics. The discharge capacity retaining rate after 50 cycles was 83.8% of the initial discharge capacity. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1. TABLE I-1 50 cycle discharge Amount Electrolyte capacity added composition retaining rate Cathode Anode Additive (wt %) (volume ratio) (%) EX.
- R divinyl sulfone
- LiMn 2 O 4 i.e., a cathode active material
- acetylene black i.e., a conductive agent
- polyvinylidene fluoride i.e., a binder
- 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added and mixed therewith.
- the resultant mixture was coated on an aluminum foil, dried, compression molded, and heat treated to form the cathode.
- 90% by weight of artificial graphite (i.e., an anode active material) and 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (i.e., binder) were mixed.
- 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added and mixed therewith.
- the resultant mixture was coated on a copper foil, dried, compression molded, and heat treated to form the anode.
- a separator of a polypropylene porous film was used and the above electrolyte was injected to prepare a coin battery (i.e., diameter 20 mm, thickness 3.2 mm).
- the above coin type battery was charged at room temperature (20° C.) by a 0.8 mA constant current and constant voltage for 5 hours to an end voltage of 4.2V, then was discharged under a constant current of 0.8 mA to an end voltage of 2.7V. This charging and discharging was repeated.
- the battery characteristics after 50 cycles were determined, whereupon the retaining rate of the discharging capacity, when the initial discharge capacity was 100%, was 91.3%. Further, the low temperature characteristics were also good.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin batteries and the battery characteristics of the same are shown in Table II-1.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 90.2%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 90.7%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 90.4%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- R divinyl sulfone
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 91.8%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- the wettability of the separator by the electrolyte was determined by the following apparatus.
- the measurement conditions were an atmosphere of a temperature of 23° C. and a humidity of 50%.
- the contact angle immediately after formation of liquid drops was determined for a separator upon which the non-aqueous electrolyte was dropped.
- the measurement apparatus was an image processing type contact angle meter Model CA-X made by Kyowa Kaimen Kagaku K.K. The smaller the determined contact angle, the better the wettability of permeability of the separator by the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 91.5%.
- the manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- This non-aqueous electrolyte was used to prepare a coin battery in the same way as in Example II-1 and determine the battery characteristics. The discharge capacity retaining rate after 50 cycles was 65.6% of the initial discharge capacity. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1. The wettability of the separator by this non-aqueous electrolyte was determined, whereupon the contact angle was 77.2 degrees, i.e., the wettability was poor.
- the present invention is not limited to the described Examples. Various combinations easily deducible from the gist of the invention are also possible. In particular, the combinations of solvents in the Examples are not limitative. Further, the above Examples related to coin batteries, but the present invention may also be applied to cylindrical batteries and prismatic battery.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a lithium secondary battery having superior battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics such as electrical capacity, storage characteristic.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A non-aqueous electrolyte comprising (i) a non-aqueous solvent, especially mainly composed of a cyclic carbonate and a cyclic ester and optionally a linear carbonate, and (ii) an electrolyte salt, especially LiBF4, dissolved therein and (iii) a vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I):
wherein R indicates a C1 to C12 alkyl group, C2 to Cl2 alkenyl group, or C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, and also a lithium secondary battery using the same are disclosed.
Description
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte capable of providing a lithium secondary battery having superior battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics such as electrical capacity, storage characteristic, and also relates to a lithium secondary battery using the same.
- 2. Description of the Related Art
- In recent years, lithium secondary batteries have been widely used as the power sources for driving compact electronic devices etc. Lithium secondary batteries are mainly composed of a cathode, a non-aqueous electrolyte and an anode. In particular, a lithium secondary battery having a lithium complex oxide such as LiCoO2 as a cathode and a carbonaceous material or lithium metal as an anode is suitably used. Further, as the non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery, a composition comprising a combination of a cyclic carbonate such as ethylene carbonate (EC) or propylene carbonate (PC) and a linear carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) is suitably used.
- However, a secondary battery having more superior battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics such as electrical capacity has been desired. A lithium secondary battery using a highly crystallized carbonaceous material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite as the anode sometimes suffer from breakdown of the electrolyte at the anode and an increase in the irreversible capacity or in some cases peeling of the carboneous material occur. The increase in the irreversible capacity or the peeling of the carbonaceous material occurs due to the decomposition of the solvent in the electrolyte during the charge thereof and is due to the electrochemical reduction of the solvent at the interface between the carbonaceous material and the electrolyte. In particular, PC having a low melting point and high dielectric constant has a high electroconductivity even at a low temperature. Nevertheless, when a graphite anode is used, there are problems that the PC cannot be used for the lithium secondary battery due to the decomposition thereof. Further, EC partially decomposes during the repeated charge and discharge thereof so that the battery performance is decreased. Therefore, the battery cycle characteristic and the battery characteristics such as electrical capacity are not necessarily satisfied.
- On the other hand, as the salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent, a lithium salt such as LiClO4, LiPF6 or LiBF4 is used. A non-aqueous electrolyte containing such a non-aqueous solvent and the LiPF6 dissolved therein is known to be high conductivity and high in the oxidation decomposition voltage of the LiPF6, and therefore, is stable at high voltage.
- However, LiPF6 is inferior in heat stability, and therefore, there is the problem that the lithium salt is decomposed at a high temperature environment of 60° C. or more and the battery performances such as the cycle life under a high temperature environment are tremendously decreased. On the other hand, LiBF4, which is superior to LiPF6 in the heat stability, may be mentioned, but the ion conductivity that is inferior to that of LiPF6. Thus, there is the problem that battery performance such as the cycle life is decreased under an ordinary temperature environment. Therefore, a cyclic ester such as γ-butyrolactone (GBL) is used due to the relatively high conductivity thereof. However, when GBL is used for a lithium secondary battery using a highly crystallized carbonaceous material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite as an anode, the GBL will electrochemically be decomposed at the graphite anode interface at the time of charging, and therefore, the battery performance will be decreased along with repeated use of charging and discharging. Thus, at the present time, the battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics are not necessarily satisfactory.
- The objects of the present invention are to solve the above-mentioned problems relating to an electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and provide a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery having superior the battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics such as electrical capacity and a lithium secondary battery using the same.
-
- wherein R indicates a C1 to C12 alkyl group, C2 to C12 alkenyl group, or C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group.
- In accordance with the present invention, there is also provided a lithium secondary battery comprising (a) a cathode, (b) an anode and (c) a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising (i) a non-aqueous solvent and (ii) an electrolyte salt dissolved therein, and (iii) a vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I):
- wherein R indicates a C1 to C12 alkyl group, C2 to C12 alkenyl group, or C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group.
- In the preferred embodiments of the above non-aqueous electrolyte and the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention, the non-aqueous solvent is mainly composed of a cyclic carbonate, a cyclic ester, and optionally a linear carbonate and the electrolyte salt is LiBF4.
- The non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is used as a component member of a lithium secondary battery. The component members of the secondary battery other than the non-aqueous electrolyte are not particularly limited. The various component members used in the past may be used.
- The vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I) contained in the electrolyte has a function of forming a passivation film at the surface of the carbonaceous material during the charging. Thus, it is believed that, when an active, highly crystallized carbonaceous material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite is covered with a passivation film, the decomposition of the electrolyte is suppressed without impairing normal reactions of the battery.
- In the compound contained in the electrolyte comprised of a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved therein, the R in the vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I) is a C1 to C12 alkyl group, preferably a C1 to C4 alkyl group such as a methyl group, ethyl group, or propyl group. The alkyl group may be a branched alkyl group such as an isopropyl group or isobutyl group. Further, it may be a C2 to C12 alkenyl group, preferably C1 to C6 alkenyl group, such as a vinyl group or allyl group or a C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group such as a cyclopropyl group or cyclohexyl group.
- As specific examples of the vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I) are divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group in the formula (I)), ethylvinyl sulfone (i.e., R=ethyl group), isopropylvinyl sulfone (i.e., R=isopropyl group), cyclohexylvinyl sulfone (i.e., R=cyclohexyl group), etc. may be mentioned.
- In the case of adding the vinyl sulfone derivative, if the content of the vinyl sulfone derivative (I) is too large, the conductivity of the electrolyte etc. are varied and the battery performance is decreased in some cases. Further, if the content is too small, a sufficient coating is not formed and the expected battery performance cannot be obtained. Therefore, the content is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 20% by weight, particularly 0.1 to 10% by weight, based upon the weight of the electrolyte.
- The non-aqueous solvent used in the present invention is preferably composed of a high dielectric solvent and a low viscosity solvent.
- Examples of the high dielectric solvent are cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and butylene carbonate (BC) These high dielectric solvents may be used alone or in any mixture thereof.
- Examples of the low viscosity solvent are a linear carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), butylmethyl carbonate (BMC), methylisopropyl carbonate (MIPC), isobutylmethyl carbonate (IBMC), sec-butylmethyl carbonate (SBMC) and tert-butylmethyl carbonate (TBMC); an ether such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, and 1,2-dibutoxyethane; a lactone such as γ-butyrolactone, a nitrile such as acetonitrile, an ester such as methyl propionate, and an amide such as dimethyl formamide. These low viscosity solvents may be used alone or in any mixture thereof.
- The high dielectric solvent and low viscosity solvent may be freely selected and combined for use. It should be noted that the above high dielectric solvent and low viscosity solvent are used in a ratio of normally 1:9 to 4:1, preferably 1:4 to 7:3 by volume (i.e., high dielectric solvent:low viscosity solvent).
- Examples of the electrolyte salt used in the present invention are LiPF6, LiBF4, LiClO4, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiPF3(CF3)3, LiPF3(C2F5)3, LiPF4(C2F5)2, LiPF5(iso-C3F7), LiPF4(iso-C3F7)2, etc. These salts may be used alone or may be used in any combination thereof. These salts are preferably used in concentrations of 0.1 to 3M, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5M.
- The electrolyte of the present invention can be obtained by, for example, mixing the above-mentioned high dielectric solvent and low viscosity solvent, dissolving the electrolyte salt therein, and further dissolving the vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I) therein.
- The non-aqueous solvent preferably used in the present invention contains at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate, as a cyclic carbonate, and contains γ-butyrolactone and/or γ-valerolactone as a cyclic ester.
- By including a cyclic carbonate and cyclic ester and further optionally a linear carbonate as the non-aqueous solvent in the present invention, it is possible to improve the wettability of the separator, reduce the variation at the time of production of the batteries, and raise the production efficiency and possible to improve the cycle characteristic. As the linear carbonate, such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), butylmethyl carbonate (BMC), and diethyl carbonate (DEC) and a branched carbonate such as methylisopropyl carbonate (MIPC), isobutylmethyl carbonate (IBMC), sec-butylmethyl carbonate (SBMC), and tert-butylmethyl carbonate (TBMC) may be mentioned. These linear carbonates may be used alone or may be used in any combination thereof.
- The cyclic carbonate and cyclic ester or further the linear carbonate are used suitably selected and combined. Note that as the non-aqueous solvent, the cyclic carbonate is used in an amount of 5 to 50% by volume, the cyclic ester 5 to 75% by volume, and the linear carbonate 0 to 70% by volume.
- In the present invention, by using, in particular, a butylmethyl carbonate having a branched C4H9 group as the linear carbonate, it is possible to improve the wettability with respect to the separator and possible to efficiently inject the electrolyte in the production of a lithium battery.
- As the butylmethyl carbonate having a branched C4H9 group, isobutylmethyl carbonate, sec-butylmethyl carbonate, and tert-butylmethyl carbonate may be mentioned. The content is preferably 10 to 70% by volume, based upon the non-aqueous electrolyte composed of the cyclic carbonate and cyclic ester and further optionally the linear carbonate.
- As the salt used in the present invention, for example, LiBF4 may be mentioned. This is used dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent at a concentration of usually 0.1 to 3M, preferably 0.5 to 1.5M.
- The non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is obtained by, for example, mixing the cyclic carbonate and cyclic ester and optionally further the linear carbonate, dissolving the salt therein and dissolving the vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I).
- As the cathode active material, a complex metal oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, nickel, chrome, iron, and vanadium with lithium is used. As such a complex metal oxide, for example, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiO2, etc. may be mentioned.
- The cathode is prepared by, for example, mixing the cathode active material with a conductive agent such as acetylene black or carbon black and a binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and a solvent to make a cathode paste, then coating the cathode paste on a collector such as aluminum foil or a stainless steel foil or lath, drying, compression molding, then heat treating at a temperature of at 50 to 250° C. for about 2 hours in vacuum.
- As the anode active material, lithium metal or a lithium alloy and a carbonaceous material having a graphite-type crystal structure capable of intercalate and disintercalate lithium (e.g., heat cracked carbons, coke, graphite (e.g., artificial graphite, natural graphite, etc.), an organic polymer compound sintered product, carbon fiber), a complex tin oxide, etc. may be used. In particular, a carbonaceous material having a graphite-type crystal structure having a lattice spacing (d002) of the lattice face (002) of 0.335 to 0.340 nm is preferably used. Note that the powder material such as the carbonaceous material is mixed with a binder such as ethylenepropylene diene terpolymer (EPDM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to make an anode paste.
- The structure of the lithium secondary battery is not particularly limited. A coin battery having a cathode, anode, single layer or multiple layer separator and further a cylindrical battery, prismatic battery, etc. having a cathode, anode, and roll-shaped separator may be mentioned as examples. Note that as the separator, a known polyolefin porous film, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, etc. is used.
- The present invention will now be further explained in detail by, but is by no means limited to, the following Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Preparation of Non-Aqueous Electrolyte
- A non-aqueous solvent of PC:DMC (volume ratio)=1:2 was prepared, and LiPF6 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1M to prepare the electrolyte. Thereafter divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group in the formula (I)) was added to 2.0% by weight, based upon the electrolyte as the vinyl sulfone derivative (i.e., additive).
- Manufacture of Lithium Secondary Battery and Determination of Battery Characteristics
- 80% by weight of LiCoO2 (i.e., a cathode active material), 10% by weight of acetylene black (i.e., a conductive agent), and 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (i.e., a binder) were mixed. Then, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added and mixed therewith. The resultant mixture was coated on an aluminum foil, dried, compression molded, and heat treated to form the cathode. 90% by weight of natural graphite (i.e., an anode active material) and 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (i.e., a binder) were mixed. 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added and mixed therewith. The resultant slurry was coated on a copper foil, dried, compression molded, and heat treated to form the anode. A separator of a polypropylene porous film was used and the above electrolyte was injected to prepare a coin battery (i.e., diameter 20 mm, thickness 3.2 mm).
- The above coin type battery was charged at room temperature (20° C.) by a 0.8 mA constant current and constant voltage for 5 hours to an end voltage of 4.2V, then was discharged under a constant current of 0.8 mA to an end voltage of 2.7V. This charging and discharging was repeated. The initial charging and discharging capacity was about the same as with the case of use of 1M LiPF6 EC:DMC (volume ratio)=1:2 as an electrolyte (i.e., Comparative Example I-2). The battery characteristics after 50 cycles were determined, whereupon the retaining rate of the discharging capacity, when the initial discharge capacity was 100%, was 86.1%. Further, the low temperature characteristics were also good. The manufacturing conditions of the coin batteries and the battery characteristics of the same are shown in Table I-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example I-1 except for using as the additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R-vinyl group) in an amount of 0.5% by weight, based upon the electrolyte to prepare the electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 84.7%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example I-1 except for using as the additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group) in an amount of 8.0% by weight, based upon the electrolyte to prepare the electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 81.1%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example I-1 except for using as the additive ethylvinyl sulfone (i.e., R=ethyl group) in an amount of 2.0% by weight, based upon the electrolyte to prepare the electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 85.7%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- A non-aqueous solvent of PC:DMC (volume ratio)=1:2 was prepared, and LiPF6 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1M. At this time, no vinyl sulfone derivative was added. This electrolyte was used to prepare a coin battery in the same way as in Example I-1 and determine the battery characteristics. As a result, PC was decomposed at the initial charge and therefore, no discharge was effected when the battery was observed by disassembling the same after the initial charge, the graphite anode was peeled off. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- A non-aqueous solvent of EC:DMC (volume ratio)=1:2 was prepared and LiPF6 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1M to prepare the electrolyte. Thereafter, as an additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group) was added in an amount of 2.0% by weight, based upon the electrolyte. The electrolyte thus obtained was used and a coin battery was prepared in a manner as in Example I-1. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, the initial charge-discharge capacity is similar to the case where only 1M LIPF6 EC:DMC (volume ratio)=1:2 was used as an electrolyte (i.e., Comparative Example I-2) and whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 91.1%. The low temperature characteristics are good. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example 1-5 except for using as the additive ethylvinyl sulfone (i.e., R=ethyl group) in an amount of 2.0% by weight, based upon the electrolyte and using MEC instead of DMC to prepare the non-aqueous electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 90.4%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example 1-5 except for using LiMn2O4, instead of LiCoO2 and, using as an additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group) in an amount of 3.0% by weight, based upon the electrolyte to prepare the electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 89.3%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
- A non-aqueous solvent of EC:DMC (volume ratio)=1:2 was prepared, and LiPF6 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1M. At this time, no vinyl sulfone derivative was added. This electrolyte was used to prepare a coin battery in the same way as in Example I-1 and determine the battery characteristics. The discharge capacity retaining rate after 50 cycles was 83.8% of the initial discharge capacity. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table I-1.
TABLE I-1 50 cycle discharge Amount Electrolyte capacity added composition retaining rate Cathode Anode Additive (wt %) (volume ratio) (%) EX. I-1 LiCoO2 Natural Divinyl 2.0 1M LiPF6 86.1 graphite sulfone PC/DMC = 1/2 Ex. I-2 LiCoO2 Natural Divinyl 0.5 1M LiPF6 84.7 graphite sulfone PC/DMC = 1/2 Ex. I-3 LiCoO2 Natural Divinyl 8.0 1M LiPF6 81.1 graphite sulfone PC/DMC = 1/2 Ex. I-4 LiCoO2 Natural Ethylvinyl 2.0 1M LiPF6 85.7 graphite sulfone PC/DMC = 1/2 Comp. LiCoO2 Natural None 0.0 1M LiPF6 Charge and Ex. I-1 graphite PC/DMC = 1/2 Discharge Impossible Ex. I-5 LiCoO2 Natural Divinyl 2.0 1M LiPF6 91.1 graphite sulfone EC/DMC = 1/2 Ex. I-6 LiCoO2 Natural Ethylvinyl 2.0 1M LiPF6 90.4 graphite sulfone EC/MEC = 1/2 Ex. I-7 LiMn2O4 Natural Divinyl 3.0 1M LiPF6 89.3 graphite sulfone EC/DMC = 1/2 Comp. LiCoO2 Natural None 0.0 1M LiPF6 83.8 Ex. I-2 graphite EC/DMC = 1/2 - Preparation of Non-Aqueous Electrolyte
- A non-aqueous solvent of EC:GBL (volume ratio)=1:2 was prepared, and LIBF4 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1M to prepare the non-aqueous electrolyte. Thereafter divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group in the formula (I)) was added to 1.0% by weight, based upon the non-aqueous electrolyte as the vinyl sulfone derivative (i.e., additive).
- Manufacture of Lithium Secondary Battery and Determination of Battery Characteristics
- 80% by weight of LiMn2O4 (i.e., a cathode active material), 10% by weight of acetylene black (i.e., a conductive agent) and 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (i.e., a binder) were mixed. Then, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added and mixed therewith. The resultant mixture was coated on an aluminum foil, dried, compression molded, and heat treated to form the cathode. 90% by weight of artificial graphite (i.e., an anode active material) and 10% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride (i.e., binder) were mixed. 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added and mixed therewith. The resultant mixture was coated on a copper foil, dried, compression molded, and heat treated to form the anode. A separator of a polypropylene porous film was used and the above electrolyte was injected to prepare a coin battery (i.e., diameter 20 mm, thickness 3.2 mm).
- The above coin type battery was charged at room temperature (20° C.) by a 0.8 mA constant current and constant voltage for 5 hours to an end voltage of 4.2V, then was discharged under a constant current of 0.8 mA to an end voltage of 2.7V. This charging and discharging was repeated. The initial charging and discharging capacity was about the same as with the case of use of 1M LiPF6 EC:GBL (volume ratio)=1:2 as an electrolyte (i.e., Comparative Example II-1). The battery characteristics after 50 cycles were determined, whereupon the retaining rate of the discharging capacity, when the initial discharge capacity was 100%, was 91.3%. Further, the low temperature characteristics were also good. The manufacturing conditions of the coin batteries and the battery characteristics of the same are shown in Table II-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example II-1 except for using as the additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group) in an amount of 0.3% by weight, based upon the electrolyte to prepare the non-aqueous electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 90.2%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example II-1 except for using as the additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group) in an amount of 5.0% by weight, based upon the electrolyte to prepare the non-aqueous electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 90.7%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example II-1 except for preparing a non-aqueous solvent of EC-PC-GBL (volume ratio=35:5:60), dissolving LiBF4 therein to a concentration of 1M to prepare a non-aqueous solvent, then using as an additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group) in an amount of 2.0% by weight, based upon the non-aqueous electrolyte to prepare the non-aqueous electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 90.4%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example II-1 except for preparing a non-aqueous solvent of EC-GBL-IBMC (volume ratio)=30:50:20, and LiBF4 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1M to prepare a non-aqueous solvent, then using as an additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group) in an amount of 2.0% by weight, based upon the non-aqueous electrolyte to prepare the non-aqueous electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 91.8%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- The wettability of the separator by this electrolyte was determined, whereupon the contact angle was 50.4 degrees.
- In the present invention, the wettability of the separator by the electrolyte was determined by the following apparatus. The measurement conditions were an atmosphere of a temperature of 23° C. and a humidity of 50%. The contact angle immediately after formation of liquid drops was determined for a separator upon which the non-aqueous electrolyte was dropped. The measurement apparatus was an image processing type contact angle meter Model CA-X made by Kyowa Kaimen Kagaku K.K. The smaller the determined contact angle, the better the wettability of permeability of the separator by the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- The same procedure was followed as in Example II-1 except for using natural graphite instead of artificial graphite as the anode active substance and preparing a non-aqueous solvent of EC-GBL-IBMC (volume ratio)=30:50:20, dissolving LiBF4 therein to a concentration of 1M to prepare a non-aqueous solvent, then using as an additive divinyl sulfone (i.e., R=vinyl group) in an amount of 2.0% by weight, based upon the non-aqueous electrolyte to prepare the non-aqueous electrolyte and prepare a coin battery. The battery characteristics were determined after 50 cycles, whereupon the discharge capacity retaining rate was 91.5%. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1.
- The wettability of the separator by this electrolyte was determined, whereupon the contact angle was 50.4 degrees.
- A non-aqueous solvent of EC:GBL (volume ratio)=1:2 was prepared, and LiBF4 was dissolved therein to a concentration of 1M. At this time, no vinyl sulfone derivative was added. This non-aqueous electrolyte was used to prepare a coin battery in the same way as in Example II-1 and determine the battery characteristics. The discharge capacity retaining rate after 50 cycles was 65.6% of the initial discharge capacity. The manufacturing conditions of the coin battery and the battery characteristics are shown in Table II-1. The wettability of the separator by this non-aqueous electrolyte was determined, whereupon the contact angle was 77.2 degrees, i.e., the wettability was poor.
TABLE II-1 50 cycle discharge Amount Electrolyte capacity added composition retaining rate Cathode Anode Additive (wt %) (volume ratio) (%) Ex. II-1 LiMn2O4 Artificial Divinyl 1.0 1M LiBF4 91.3 graphite sulfone EC/GBL = 1/2 Ex. II-2 LiMn2O4 Artificial Divinyl 0.3 1M LiBF4 90.2 graphite sulfone EC/GBL = 1/2 Ex. II-3 LiMn2O4 Artificial Divinyl 5.0 1M LiBF4 90.7 graphite sulfone EC/GBL = 1/2 Ex. II-4 LiMn2O4 Artificial Divinyl 2.0 1M LiBF4 90.4 graphite sulfone EC/PC/GBL = 35/5/60 Ex. II-5 LiMn2O4 Artificial Divinyl 2.0 1M LiBF4 91.8 graphite sulfone EC/GBL/IBMC = 30/50/20 Ex. II-6 LiMn2O4 Natural Divinyl 2.0 1M LiBF4 91.5 graphite sulfone EC/GBL/IBMC = 30/50/20 Comp. LiMn2O4 Artificial None 0.0 1M LiBF4 65.6 Ex. II-1 graphite EC/GBL = 1/2 - Note that the present invention is not limited to the described Examples. Various combinations easily deducible from the gist of the invention are also possible. In particular, the combinations of solvents in the Examples are not limitative. Further, the above Examples related to coin batteries, but the present invention may also be applied to cylindrical batteries and prismatic battery.
- According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lithium secondary battery having superior battery cycle characteristic and battery characteristics such as electrical capacity, storage characteristic.
Claims (17)
2. A non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said non-aqueous solvent is mainly composed of a cyclic carbonate and a cyclic ester and a optionally linear carbonate.
3. A non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte salt is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of LiPF6, LiBF4, LiClO4, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiPF3(CF3)3, LiPF3(C2F5)3, LiPF4(C2F5)2, LiPF5(iso-C3F7), and LiPF4(iso-C3F7)2.
4. A non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the electrolyte salt is LiBF4.
5. A non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the content of the vinyl sulfone derivative (I) is 0.01 to 20% by weight, based upon the total amount of the electrolyte.
6. A non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent is composed of a mixture of a high dielectric solvent and a low viscosity solvent in a volume ratio of 1:9 to 4:1.
7. A non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the high dielectric solvent is at least one cyclic carbonate selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate (BC).
8. A non-aqueous electrolyte as claimed in claim 6, wherein the low viscosity solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), butylmethyl carbonate (BMC), methylisopropyl carbonate (MIPC), isobutylmethyl carbonate (IBMC), sec-butylmethyl carbonate (SBMC) and tert-butylmethyl carbonate (TBMC), tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, acetonitrile, methyl propionate, and dimethyl formamide.
9. A lithium secondary battery comprising (a) a cathode, (b) an anode and (c) a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising (i) a non-aqueous solvent and (ii) an electrolyte salt dissolved therein, and (iii) a vinyl sulfone derivative having the formula (I):
wherein R indicates a C1 to C12 alkyl group, C2 to C12 alkenyl group, or C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group.
10. A lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said non-aqueous solvent is mainly composed of a cyclic carbonate and a cyclic ester and optionally a linear carbonate.
11. A lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the electrolyte salt is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of LiPF6, LiBF4, LiClO4, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2, LiC(SO2CF3)3, LiPF3(CF3)3, LiPF3(C2F5)3, LiPF4(C2F5)2, LiPF5(iso-C3F7), and LiPF4(iso-C3F7)2.
12. A lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the electrolyte salt is LiBF4.
13. A lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the content of the vinyl sulfone derivative (I) is 0.01 to 20% by weight, based upon the total amount of the electrolyte.
14. A lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent is composed of a mixture of a high dielectric solvent and a low viscosity solvent in a volume ratio of 1:9 to 4:1.
15. A lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the high dielectric solvent is at least one cyclic carbonate selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and butylene carbonate (BC).
16. A lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the low viscosity solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (MEC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methylpropyl carbonate (MPC), butylmethyl carbonate (BMC), methylisopropyl carbonate (MIPC), isobutylmethyl carbonate (IBMC), sec-butylmethyl carbonate (SBMC) and tert-butylmethyl carbonate (TBMC), tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, acetonitrile, methyl propionate, and dimethyl formamide.
17. A lithium secondary battery as claimed in claim 9 , wherein said anode is composed of a carbonaceous material having a graphite-type crystal structure having a lattice spacing (d002) of the lattice face (002) of 0.335 to 0.340 nm.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/731,633 US20040121240A1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2003-12-09 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
US11/699,327 US7976988B2 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2007-01-30 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11-198351 | 1999-07-13 | ||
JP19835199A JP4193295B2 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 1999-07-13 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
US09/569,185 US20030148190A1 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2000-05-11 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
US10/731,633 US20040121240A1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2003-12-09 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/569,185 Continuation US20030148190A1 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2000-05-11 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/699,327 Continuation US7976988B2 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2007-01-30 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040121240A1 true US20040121240A1 (en) | 2004-06-24 |
Family
ID=16389675
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/731,633 Abandoned US20040121240A1 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2003-12-09 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
US11/699,327 Expired - Fee Related US7976988B2 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2007-01-30 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/699,327 Expired - Fee Related US7976988B2 (en) | 1999-07-13 | 2007-01-30 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20040121240A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4193295B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060105240A1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-18 | Akira Kinoshita | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
US20140227611A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2014-08-14 | Nec Corporation | Non-Aqueous Secondary Battery |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8252465B2 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2012-08-28 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
JP4561013B2 (en) * | 2001-08-13 | 2010-10-13 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
KR100467435B1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2005-01-24 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | An electrolyte for a lithium battery and a lithium battery comprising the same |
KR100472511B1 (en) * | 2002-10-29 | 2005-03-10 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Lithium secondary battery without protection circuit module |
KR100515298B1 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2005-09-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | A non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same |
JP4198658B2 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2008-12-17 | 株式会社東芝 | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
JP5205708B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2013-06-05 | ソニー株式会社 | Lithium ion secondary battery |
JP2007273396A (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-18 | Sony Corp | Electrolytic solution and battery |
JP5045882B2 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2012-10-10 | ソニー株式会社 | Electrolyte and battery |
JP5104848B2 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2012-12-19 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
US8795904B2 (en) | 2010-05-13 | 2014-08-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Nonaqueous electrolyte solvents and additives |
US10438753B2 (en) | 2010-07-06 | 2019-10-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Electrolytes in support of 5V Li ion chemistry |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3144383A (en) * | 1960-12-02 | 1964-08-11 | Chemagro Corp | Nematocides |
US5474860A (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1995-12-12 | Eic Laboratories, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolytes |
US20010009744A1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-26 | Jin-Sung Kim | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battary comprising same |
US6670078B1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2003-12-30 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte cell with a solvent including a S-O bond |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5219679A (en) | 1991-01-17 | 1993-06-15 | Eic Laboratories, Inc. | Solid electrolytes |
JP2734978B2 (en) | 1994-02-18 | 1998-04-02 | 日本電池株式会社 | Non-aqueous electrolyte battery |
FR2719161B1 (en) | 1994-04-22 | 1996-08-02 | Accumulateurs Fixes | Electrochemical rechargeable lithium battery with carbon anode. |
JPH0982360A (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-28 | Sony Corp | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
JPH10199570A (en) | 1996-12-28 | 1998-07-31 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | Manufacture of battery electrode and battery therewith |
WO1999019932A1 (en) | 1997-10-15 | 1999-04-22 | Moltech Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte solvents for secondary cells |
JPH11214001A (en) | 1998-01-23 | 1999-08-06 | Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd | Nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery |
JP3820748B2 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2006-09-13 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using the same |
-
1999
- 1999-07-13 JP JP19835199A patent/JP4193295B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-12-09 US US10/731,633 patent/US20040121240A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-01-30 US US11/699,327 patent/US7976988B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3144383A (en) * | 1960-12-02 | 1964-08-11 | Chemagro Corp | Nematocides |
US5474860A (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1995-12-12 | Eic Laboratories, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolytes |
US6670078B1 (en) * | 1997-09-19 | 2003-12-30 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte cell with a solvent including a S-O bond |
US20010009744A1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2001-07-26 | Jin-Sung Kim | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battary comprising same |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060105240A1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-18 | Akira Kinoshita | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
US7608363B2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2009-10-27 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with vinylene carbonate and divinyl sulfone containing electrolyte |
US20140227611A1 (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2014-08-14 | Nec Corporation | Non-Aqueous Secondary Battery |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070207389A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
JP4193295B2 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
JP2001023688A (en) | 2001-01-26 |
US7976988B2 (en) | 2011-07-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7976988B2 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same | |
US5352548A (en) | Secondary battery | |
EP2645463B1 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and anode for secondary battery | |
US6503662B1 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same | |
US6436582B1 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same | |
KR100467696B1 (en) | Organic electrolytic solution and lithium battery employing the same | |
JP4320914B2 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same | |
KR101297173B1 (en) | Lithium rechargeable battery | |
KR20120127086A (en) | Rechargeable lithium battery | |
JP2001313072A (en) | Electrolyte for lithium secondary cell and lithium secondary cell using it | |
JP2005285491A (en) | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and lithium secondary battery using it | |
JP2002100399A (en) | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary cell using it | |
JP3820748B2 (en) | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using the same | |
US20030148190A1 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same | |
JP3632389B2 (en) | Lithium secondary battery | |
JPH11273724A (en) | Electrolytic solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using same | |
JPH11273725A (en) | Electrolytic solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using it | |
JP2005285492A (en) | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and lithium secondary battery using it | |
JPH11329490A (en) | Electrolytic solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using same | |
KR20190064272A (en) | Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same | |
KR100408085B1 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method for producing the same | |
JP4915025B2 (en) | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery | |
JP3949337B2 (en) | Non-aqueous electrolyte and secondary battery using the same | |
CN112886054A (en) | Lithium-rich manganese-based lithium ion battery | |
JP5110057B2 (en) | Lithium secondary battery |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |