US20040112112A1 - Method for producing blanks having fine-grain structure - Google Patents

Method for producing blanks having fine-grain structure Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040112112A1
US20040112112A1 US10/474,114 US47411403A US2004112112A1 US 20040112112 A1 US20040112112 A1 US 20040112112A1 US 47411403 A US47411403 A US 47411403A US 2004112112 A1 US2004112112 A1 US 2004112112A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
extrusion
workpieces
container
shaping tool
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Abandoned
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US10/474,114
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English (en)
Inventor
Dmitry Glukhov
Vitaly Golubev
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Individual
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Individual
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Assigned to GLUKHOV, DMITRY EVGENIEVICH reassignment GLUKHOV, DMITRY EVGENIEVICH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GOLUBEV, VITALY NIKOLAEVICH
Publication of US20040112112A1 publication Critical patent/US20040112112A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/01—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion starting from material of particular form or shape, e.g. mechanically pre-treated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of plastic working of metals, in particular, to a method of fabricating workpieces of metals and alloys by plastic deformation, including fabrication of long-length workpieces with a conditioned fine-grained structure, in particular, with a submicrocrystalline and nanocrystalline structure.
  • the method enables the production of arbitrary laminated and internally reinforced workpieces, and can be utilized for processing workpieces from powdered metal components to obtain a solid article.
  • a method of deformation processing of materials, mainly metals, by angular extrusion comprises the steps of: placing a material in a first channel of an apparatus for deformation processing, applying force to move the material to a second channel and impart deformation to the material by angular extrusion in the region of intersection of the channels, and removing the workpiece, wherein the material, when passing through the second channel, undergoes an additional deformation so that the cross-section of the workpiece is changed (RU 2 146 571 20.03.2000, B 21 C 25/00).
  • the angular extrusion method allows multiple extrusions to be carried out without impairing the continuity of the workpiece, but the deformation is non-uniform throughout the cross-section of the workpiece.
  • Another method of processing axisymmetric workpieces by applying torsion comprises the steps of: placing a workpiece into a cavity of a container, applying axial compression force to the workpiece by punch presses adapted to perform a relative axial movement and rotate with predetermined parameters.
  • the workpiece is processed in a sectional container, wherein in the processing the workpiece is forced to move in the axial direction until each cross-section in the height of the workpiece will pass at least once through the parting plane of the container parts, and torsion is applied to the workpiece by rotation of the container parts in the directions corresponding to the directions of rotation of punch presses disposed therein (RU 2 021 064, 15.10.94, B 21 J 5/00).
  • An important disadvantage of the method is that the plastic deformation is non-uniform since the external and internal layers of the metal move with different velocities under the torsion applied to them.
  • Another method of processing workpieces comprises deformation according to different patterns, including that leading to reduction in the cross-section.
  • the workpiece is disposed on at least two seats, and the reduction is accomplished by a tool adapted to move longitudinally and transversely relative to the workpiece axis, with relative rolling of the surface, e.g. by a roll (RU 2 159 162, 20.11.200, C21C 37/04).
  • a roll e.g. by a roll
  • dedicated machinery is required, this raising the cost of application of the method in industry.
  • Another disadvantage of the method is an inferior quality of the workpiece surface after the processing and the presence of scale layer on the surface, because it is formed in a free state in a furnace under the effect of rolls, therefore, an additional mechanical working is needed, which reduces the metal use factor.
  • the method is unsuitable for processing workpieces from hard-to-deform and low-plastic metals, such as tungsten-niobium-tantalum and niobium-zirconium alloys.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for thermo-mechanical processing of workpieces having different shape and dimensions and a fine-grained structure, which increases the metal use factor and reduces equipment costs owing to the possibility to use commercially available equipment, and can be employed for processing workpieces from hard-to-deform and low-plastic alloys, powdered metals and composite materials.
  • the object of the invention is accomplished in a method for fabricating workpieces with a fine-grained structure, including plastic deformation of workpieces of metals and alloys in predetermined thermo-mechanical conditions, wherein said plastic deformation of a workpiece comprises subjecting the workpiece to extrusion in an extrusion container through a shaping tool arranged in an extrusion channel to direct the flow of metal and create a combined upsetting/shear/torsional plastic deformation pattern without impairing the continuity of the workpiece.
  • the processing in accordance with the invention involves a profound exposure of the metal structure throughout the cross-section of the processed workpiece with forming different patterns of plastic deformation of a portion, including upsetting, shear and torsion, and allows the direction of preferred development of deformation to be changed.
  • the extrusion can be repeated many times in the same or reversed direction.
  • the deformation is localized in a certain portion of the workpiece, and in a preferred embodiment it is provided by the use of at least one shaping tool that locally narrows the extrusion channel and has a working surface with a geometry which creates a combined plastic deformation pattern in the extrusion process.
  • the workpiece can have recesses into which the shaping tool is inserted before the extrusion.
  • the workpiece undergoes the extrusion at a predetermined back pressure, and the workpiece is arranged in a closed volume defined by a pair of punch presses.
  • the workpiece disposed between the pair of punch presses is forced to move relative to the shaping tool disposed in the container, or the container is moved together with the shaping tool relative to the workpiece disposed between a pair of fixed punch presses.
  • the closed volume can be provided by a frame which holds its shape in the extrusion process and accommodates the workpiece.
  • the extrusion container can be a sectional container with at least one parting plane.
  • a workpiece can be coated with one or more layers of different materials before the extrusion.
  • internally reinforced workpieces can be produced, in that case a pre-reinforced workpiece is used.
  • a workpiece being processed can undergo deformation at a temperature needed to obtain a desired structure and desired mechanical properties.
  • extrusion can be carried out in a furnace or an induction chamber or with passing electric current through the workpiece. Selection of a particular temperature for heating the workpiece depends on the material or the desired microstructure to be obtained in the extrusion.
  • the shaping tool can be cooled in the course of extrusion as may be required.
  • a local heating can be provided only at a portion of the workpiece, the deformation being localized due to thermal softening of the material in the portion heated.
  • the extrusion can be carried out in a shielding atmosphere or vacuum.
  • the resulting structure is more uniform throughout the cross-section, and a high degree of accumulated deformation is provided as needed to substantially reduce grains and obtain physico-mechanical properties corresponding to the fine-grained state of the material.
  • the cross-section area of the workpiece is fully or partly recovered without impairing the continuity of the material.
  • FIG. 1 is an apparatus for processing a workpiece in a variable cross-section channel with the use of local heating
  • FIGS. 2, 3 are different embodiments of a workpiece to be subjected to plastic deformation
  • FIG. 4 is an apparatus for processing a workpiece by a method in accordance with the invention, where punch presses creating back pressure P move relative to a fixed extrusion container;
  • FIG. 5 is another embodiment of an apparatus for processing a workpiece by a method in accordance with the present invention, where a container moves relative to the workpiece and punch presses creating back pressure P;
  • FIG. 6 is an apparatus for processing a workpiece, using a frame
  • FIG. 7 is a frame for implementing the method illustrated in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is an apparatus for processing a pipe-shaped workpiece in a closed volume
  • FIG. 9 is a part which creates a closed volume for processing the pipe shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for implementing a method of fabricating a workpiece with a fine-grained structure in accordance with the present invention, comprising an extrusion container 4 having a variable cross-section channel and a shaping tool 5 accommodated in the channel.
  • a workpiece 3 having pre-formed recesses that match the geometry of the shaping tool 5 is placed in the channel of the container.
  • a local heating device 8 such as an induction furnace, is arranged on the outside of the extrusion container 4 . The workpiece is clamped between two punch presses 1 and 2 and subjected to extrusion through the shaping tool 5 .
  • the extrusion can be repeated many times in the same or reversed direction.
  • FIG. 5 shows an apparatus for implementing the method in accordance with the present invention, comprising a pair of punch presses between which a workpiece is clamped, and an extrusion container 4 movable relative to the punch presses. As the container moves relative to the fixed punch presses, the workpiece undergoes deformation by the shaping tool.
  • a workpiece 3 is disposed in a frame 6 .
  • the frame with the workpiece is put into an extrusion container 4 having a tool 5 arranged therein.
  • a punch press 1 forces the frame with the workpiece to move through the extrusion channel.
  • FIG. 8 shows as apparatus for processing a pipe-shaped workpiece 3 , where an auxiliary device is used, such as a cylindrical core with end discs for retaining the ends of the workpiece as it is forced to move through the extrusion channel under the effect of the punch press. Workpieces are processed in the following fashion.
  • a shaping tool 5 was inserted into a rod-shaped workpiece made of a tool steel and having recesses that match the geometry of the shaping tool 5 , the assembled unit was put into a sectional extrusion container 4 , heated to the phase transformation temperature of 830° C., clamped between punch presses 1 , 2 and subjected to extrusion while being forced to move through the shaping tool 5 at a deformation rate of 0.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 s ⁇ 1 . Upon reaching the lower point, the punch presses were removed from the extrusion channel, the container was turned over and the extrusion was repeated.
  • a rod-shaped aluminum workpiece 3 having recesses matching the geometry of a shaping tool 5 was placed in a frame 6 .
  • the shaping tool 5 comprised of two half parts was inserted into the workpiece recesses and the assembled unit was put into an extrusion container 4 .
  • the frame with the workpiece was forced to move through an extrusion channel relative to the tool 5 by a punch press 1 .
  • the punch press was removed from the extrusion channel, the container was turned up, and the extrusion step was repeated. After repeating the extrusion twenty times, a nanocrystalline structure was obtained with a grain diameter of from 0.8 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 8 shows an apparatus for implementing a method of plastic deformation of tubular workpieces.
  • a pipe-shaped workpiece 3 made of a cast refractory alloy and having recesses matching the geometry of a shaping tool was inserted into a part 7 creating a closed volume, and disposed in an extrusion container 4 with a shaping tool 6 .
  • the assembly was heated in a furnace to the temperature of 1075° C.
  • the workpiece was subjected to extrusion at the deformation rate of 10 ⁇ 3 c ⁇ 1 .
  • the process was repeated nine times with reversal of the direction of extrusion. As the result, an equilibrium fine-grained structure of micro-duplex type with a grain size of 2-5 ⁇ m was obtained.
  • a method in accordance with the present invention reduces expenditures for processing workpieces as compared to conventional methods owing to the use of commercially available equipment, such as vertical or horizontal hydraulic presses, depending on the length of the workpiece processed. Furthermore, the method suits well for processing of workpieces from hard-to-deform, highly oxidable and low-plastic alloys, powdered metals, composite materials, as it increases the use factor of the workpiece metal.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
US10/474,114 2001-04-04 2002-04-02 Method for producing blanks having fine-grain structure Abandoned US20040112112A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2001108871/02A RU2191652C1 (ru) 2001-04-04 2001-04-04 Способ получения заготовок с мелкозернистой структурой
RU2001108871 2001-04-04
PCT/RU2002/000152 WO2002081762A2 (fr) 2001-04-04 2002-04-02 Procede de production d'ebauches ayant une structure a grains fins

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040112112A1 true US20040112112A1 (en) 2004-06-17

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ID=20247957

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US10/474,114 Abandoned US20040112112A1 (en) 2001-04-04 2002-04-02 Method for producing blanks having fine-grain structure

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20040112112A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP1391255A4 (ru)
JP (1) JP2004531398A (ru)
AU (1) AU2002255398A1 (ru)
CA (1) CA2443374A1 (ru)
IL (1) IL158203A0 (ru)
RU (1) RU2191652C1 (ru)
WO (1) WO2002081762A2 (ru)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104801558A (zh) * 2015-05-05 2015-07-29 太原理工大学 一种增强型镁铝层状复合管材的加工方法
CN104801557A (zh) * 2015-05-05 2015-07-29 太原理工大学 一种增强型镁合金板材的等体积往复挤压装置及加工方法
CN105562448A (zh) * 2016-01-11 2016-05-11 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 药型罩细晶材料的低温制备方法

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN1332057C (zh) * 2003-01-10 2007-08-15 西北工业大学 棒状超细晶材料的制备方法
RU2476288C2 (ru) * 2009-01-27 2013-02-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский государственный технический университет-УПИ имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" Способ волочения заготовок
RU2443493C2 (ru) * 2009-02-03 2012-02-27 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский государственный технический университет" - УПИ имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" Способ прессования заготовок с обеспечением интенсивной пластической деформации
RU2478136C2 (ru) * 2011-07-15 2013-03-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет" Ультрамелкозернистые алюминиевые сплавы для электротехнических изделий и способы их получения (варианты)
RU2498870C1 (ru) * 2012-07-06 2013-11-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Магнитогорский метизно-калибровочный завод "ММК-МЕТИЗ" Способ получения из высокоуглеродистой стали проволоки с наноструктурой
DE102013213072A1 (de) * 2013-07-04 2015-01-08 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Umformung von Bauteilen aus Metallwerkstoffen
RU2547984C1 (ru) * 2013-12-26 2015-04-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет" (СПбГУ) Способ интенсивной пластической деформации кручением под высоким циклическим давлением
RU2659558C2 (ru) * 2014-02-03 2018-07-02 Анатолий Евгеньевич Волков Способ получения заготовки с мелкозернистой структурой и устройство для его осуществления
WO2015156750A1 (ru) * 2014-04-10 2015-10-15 Донэцькый Физыко-Тэхничный Инстытут Им. Галкина Национальной Акааэмии Наук Украины Способ получения металлических полуфабрикатов
RU2570268C1 (ru) * 2014-07-04 2015-12-10 Олег Вячеславович Голубев Способ пластического структурообразования металла
CN104874629B (zh) * 2015-06-02 2016-10-05 太原理工大学 一种等通道u形挤压模具及方法
CN105537307B (zh) * 2015-12-11 2018-07-06 上海交通大学 管材制备的连续剪切往复反挤复合式加工装置及方法
RU2625864C1 (ru) * 2016-10-10 2017-07-19 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уфимский государственный авиационный технический университет" Способ низкотемпературного ионного азотирования стальных изделий в магнитном поле
CN106984665B (zh) * 2017-05-25 2018-09-28 天津工业大学 一种偏轴旋挤模具及其成形材料方法
CN106955902B (zh) * 2017-05-25 2018-09-14 天津工业大学 一种管材旋挤成形模具及其成形方法
CN107685084A (zh) * 2017-08-17 2018-02-13 西京学院 一种管材螺旋挤压成形模具及其使用方法
CN108380682A (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-08-10 合肥工业大学 一种晶粒尺寸梯度分布的缩径式往复挤压成型方法
CN109047364B (zh) * 2018-09-21 2020-02-07 江苏科技大学 一种制备块体超细晶材料的循环挤压模具与方法
CN109772922B (zh) * 2019-03-12 2020-04-03 广东省材料与加工研究所 一种挤镦模具、挤镦加工方法及镁合金中心夹套

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US3492849A (en) * 1966-08-22 1970-02-03 Rotary Profile Anstalt Rolling of metal billets
US5737959A (en) * 1994-05-30 1998-04-14 Korbel; Andrzej Method of plastic forming of materials
US6718809B1 (en) * 1998-01-10 2004-04-13 General Electric Company Method for processing billets out of metals and alloys and the article

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104801558A (zh) * 2015-05-05 2015-07-29 太原理工大学 一种增强型镁铝层状复合管材的加工方法
CN104801557A (zh) * 2015-05-05 2015-07-29 太原理工大学 一种增强型镁合金板材的等体积往复挤压装置及加工方法
CN105562448A (zh) * 2016-01-11 2016-05-11 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 药型罩细晶材料的低温制备方法

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EP1391255A2 (en) 2004-02-25
CA2443374A1 (en) 2002-10-17
WO2002081762A3 (fr) 2002-11-28
WO2002081762A2 (fr) 2002-10-17
IL158203A0 (en) 2004-05-12
RU2191652C1 (ru) 2002-10-27
JP2004531398A (ja) 2004-10-14
AU2002255398A1 (en) 2002-10-21
EP1391255A4 (en) 2005-09-28

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