US20040100003A1 - Ceramic moulded body - Google Patents
Ceramic moulded body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20040100003A1 US20040100003A1 US10/472,609 US47260903A US2004100003A1 US 20040100003 A1 US20040100003 A1 US 20040100003A1 US 47260903 A US47260903 A US 47260903A US 2004100003 A1 US2004100003 A1 US 2004100003A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ceramic form
- steel covering
- scale
- ceramic
- steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
Definitions
- the invention concerns a ceramic form (workpiece), in particular a form made of a refractory ceramic material. Due to their fire-resistant properties, ceramic forms made of a refractory ceramic material can be used for applications where they are exposed to high temperatures, for example above 500° C., and even far higher.
- ceramic forms are used in metal casting, for instance as the pouring spout in sliding gate systems; for example, in continuous metal casting.
- the invention is not limited to the application of ceramic forms for a pouring spout (nozzle/tap hole) in sliding gate systems, it will be described hereinafter using such an application by way of example.
- pouring spouts in slide gate valve systems serve to convey the melt, for example molten steel, from the ladle into the intermediate container (“tundish”) or from the tundish into the ingot mold.
- the pouring elements can be designed in the form of “top hats” (plate with integral spout) or as interchangeable pouring spout. With the interchangeable spout, the spout is a part separate from the slide gate valve system, and thus interchangeable.
- Ceramic forms in the shape of pouring spouts are usually enclosed on their outer surfaces with a sheet-steel covering. These help to improve the mechanical properties as well as the chemical resistance of the spout.
- the oxidizing atmosphere leads to the formation of oxides (scale) on the surface of the steel covering. This so-called scaling is due to the reaction of the metal sleeve with the oxygen in the air. With iron materials, the oxidation begins at above ca. 400° C. and it becomes especially active at temperatures above 600° C. The thickness of the scale layer increases with time and temperature.
- the invention has the objective of making available a ceramic form with its surface covered, at least partially, by a steel covering, that can be economically used, and on which the steel covering undergoes reduced scaling, even at high temperatures.
- the invention arrives at the objective by means of a ceramic form whose surface is at least partially covered by a steel covering, where the steel covering, in that part of its surface that is not covering the ceramic form, is at least partially coated with a scale-inhibiting substance.
- scale-inhibiting substances are understood to be substances, which, based on their composition, possess a comparatively higher resistance to scaling than the steel covering.
- Substances that may be used to inhibit scale formation are, for example, metallic alumimum, chromium or silicon, or their oxides (Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ), or other alloys or compounds thereof, singly or in combination.
- the steel covering may also be coated with a scale-inhibiting substance in a manner such that, for example, metallic chromium or aluminum are applied to the steel covering, and are then “passivated” [[rendered passive]].
- the scale-inhibiting substance can, for example, be applied to the steel covering as a solid, and, in the case of a metallic material, for example, as a sheet or plate. When sheeting is used, they can be made to adhere to the steel covering by, for example, welding or glueing them together.
- the sheet of scale-inhibitor can also be applied to the steel covering by shrink- or press-fitting. In particular, it is possible to arrange for the steel covering to be covered by the scale-inhibiting substance in a manner such that the steel covering, in those parts covered by the scale-inhibiting substance, cannot come in contact with the surrounding gas atmosphere.
- the lamination/coating in other words, should be gas-tight.
- the facing surfaces of the scale-inhibiting sheet and the steel covering can be made to exactly correspond dimensionally, so that the scale-inhibiting sheet covers the entire surface of the steel covering. It may suffice, on the other hand, for the scale-inhibiting sheet to be attached in a gas-tight manner to the steel covering just along its edges, perhaps by welding.
- An alternative version may have the scale-inhibiting substance applied to the steel covering as a liquid, for example, by brushing or spraying (e.g. with flame or plasma sprayers), or by having the steel covering impregnated with the liquid, with the liquid subsequently converted into a solid which coats the steel covering in a tight bond.
- a liquid for example, by brushing or spraying (e.g. with flame or plasma sprayers), or by having the steel covering impregnated with the liquid, with the liquid subsequently converted into a solid which coats the steel covering in a tight bond.
- the scale-inhibiting substance may also be applied to the steel covering in powder form, and is subsequently tightly bonded with the steel covering.
- the scale-inhibiting substance to the steel covering in a thickness up to 1 mm, for example, in a thickness between 0.1 and 0.7 mm, or 0.2 and 0.5 mm.
- the ceramic form can in particular be a ceramic pouring spout as an interchangeable spout, in the continuous casting of metals, and the following description will be based, by way of example, on such a discharge nozzle.
- the surface of the steel covering facing the ceramic pouring spout can lie directly on the surface of the ceramic spout, and the steel covering may, for example, by applied by shrinking a previous heated steel sheet.
- the steel covering wraps around the outer surface of the spout.
- a version such as this is known in the present state of the art. Since the outer circumferential surface (surface) of the spout is usually formed with rotational symmetry, the steel covering can, in this case, be wrapped around the spout in the form of a sleeve.
- the facing surfaces of the steel covering and the ceramic spout may be made to be matching in a way such that they come to lie against each other over their entire surfaces.
- the parts of the spout's surface that are covered by the steel covering are directly covered by the surface of the steel covering facing the spout.
- the mechanical strength of the ceramic spout can be enhanced by having the steel covering pre-stressed in its seat against the spout, for example by shrink-fitting.
- the steel covering may be provided for with only its edges in contact with the ceramic spout.
- the contact zone between the steel covering and the ceramic spout may be made gas-tight.
- FIG. 1 shows a ceramic form in the shape of a spout for continuous metal casting, in a lateral cross section.
- the pouring spout 1 consists of a ceramic form 3 , covered in part by a steel covering 5 .
- the steel covering 5 is covered in part by a scale-inhibiting substance 7 .
- the ceramic form 3 has rotational symmetry around its longitudinal axis L. Also with rotational symmetry around its longitudinal axis L, it has on its interior a channel 2 for the passage of the molten metal.
- An upper cylindrical section A of the ceramic form 3 adjoins below it a downward conically tapered section B, followed by another cyclindrical section C, and finally a conically tapering section D.
- the ceramic form 3 consists of a standard refractory ceramic material.
- a top face 9 of the ceramic form 3 has a recess 11 .
- the ceramic form 3 is covered in part by the sleeve-shaped steel covering 5 , which consists of sheet steel.
- the steel covering 5 lies fully against the outer circumferential surface 13 . It starts at the upper edge 13 o of the outer surface 13 and ends at a distance from the lower edge 13 u of the outer surface 13 in the region of section D. That part of the circumferential surface 13 which extends in the area of section D from the lower end of the steel covering 5 to the lower edge 13 u is identified with the reference 13 f; it is the only section of the outer surface 13 that is not covered by the steel covering 5 .
- the upper face 9 and the bottom face 15 of the ceramic form 3 are not covered by the steel covering 5 .
- the section of the steel covering 5 which covers section D of the ceramic form is covered by a scale-inhibiting aluminum layer 7 .
- This aluminum layer 7 is placed (by shrink-fitting) as a sleeve over the steel covering 5 , and forms a tight bond with it.
- This section represents the contact surface with a submerged entry nozzle or tapping spout, and is subject to the strongest oxidation. Accordingly, in this description of an illustrative embodiment, it is only this section of the steel covering 5 that is encased by a scale-inhibiting substance.
Abstract
The invention relates to a ceramic moulded body, the surface of which is at least partly covered by a steel cladding, whereby the steel cladding is at least partly coated with a fire-resistant material on the surface thereof not covering the moulded body.
Description
- The invention concerns a ceramic form (workpiece), in particular a form made of a refractory ceramic material. Due to their fire-resistant properties, ceramic forms made of a refractory ceramic material can be used for applications where they are exposed to high temperatures, for example above 500° C., and even far higher.
- For example, ceramic forms are used in metal casting, for instance as the pouring spout in sliding gate systems; for example, in continuous metal casting. Although the invention is not limited to the application of ceramic forms for a pouring spout (nozzle/tap hole) in sliding gate systems, it will be described hereinafter using such an application by way of example.
- In metal casting, pouring spouts (also called nozzles or tap holes) in slide gate valve systems serve to convey the melt, for example molten steel, from the ladle into the intermediate container (“tundish”) or from the tundish into the ingot mold. For the necking down of the metal stream in these slide gate valve systems, the pouring elements can be designed in the form of “top hats” (plate with integral spout) or as interchangeable pouring spout. With the interchangeable spout, the spout is a part separate from the slide gate valve system, and thus interchangeable.
- Ceramic forms in the shape of pouring spouts (nozzles) are usually enclosed on their outer surfaces with a sheet-steel covering. These help to improve the mechanical properties as well as the chemical resistance of the spout. At the high temperatures inherent in the casting process, the oxidizing atmosphere leads to the formation of oxides (scale) on the surface of the steel covering. This so-called scaling is due to the reaction of the metal sleeve with the oxygen in the air. With iron materials, the oxidation begins at above ca. 400° C. and it becomes especially active at temperatures above 600° C. The thickness of the scale layer increases with time and temperature. Should the scale layer spall off, be removed by mechanical means, or, as is usually the case under the stress of temperature changes, develops cracks, the scaling of the steel sleeve increases markedly. It can happen that the steel sleeve develops scale to the extent that it can no longer perform its intended function of improving the mechanical and chemical properties of the pouring spout.
- Although by adding special alloying elements to the steel of the covering, such as create the forming of tightly adhering, dense layers of scale, it has been possible to slow the speed of the scaling process, such scale layers only possess low mechanical strength, and they can be easily removed from the steel sleeve, thereby exposing the unprotected underlying surface of the steel sleeve to further scaling.
- In practice, therefore, scaling has mostly been countered by the use of buffer gases, especially argon, at high temperatures. Such a gassing of the steel sleeve, however, is cumbersome and expensive, and thus extremely uneconomical.
- Moreover, argon gassing is not able to completely prevent the scaling of the steel sleeve.
- As a result, scaling of the steel sleeve occurs even with argon gassing.
- Where the scaling of the steel sleeve progresses too far, and as a consequence it is no longer able to effectively protect the ceramic form underneath, it then has become necessary to replace the pouring spout together with the steel sleeve, even though the ceramic form would permit a longer service life.
- The invention has the objective of making available a ceramic form with its surface covered, at least partially, by a steel covering, that can be economically used, and on which the steel covering undergoes reduced scaling, even at high temperatures.
- The invention arrives at the objective by means of a ceramic form whose surface is at least partially covered by a steel covering, where the steel covering, in that part of its surface that is not covering the ceramic form, is at least partially coated with a scale-inhibiting substance.
- The reduction or prevention of scaling results in the mechanical performance of the metal covering is maintained for a longer time. This, in turn, means longer service life/durability for the ceramic forms.
- It has been found that the oxidation (scaling) of the steel covering of a ceramic form, at those places where it is exposed to high temperatures in an oxidizing atmosphere (for example, air), can be effectively inhibited if the steel covering, at these places, is coated with a scale-inhibiting substance. In this connection, “scale-inhibiting” substances are understood to be substances, which, based on their composition, possess a comparatively higher resistance to scaling than the steel covering.
- Substances that may be used to inhibit scale formation are, for example, metallic alumimum, chromium or silicon, or their oxides (Al2O3, Cr2O3, SiO2), or other alloys or compounds thereof, singly or in combination.
- The steel covering may also be coated with a scale-inhibiting substance in a manner such that, for example, metallic chromium or aluminum are applied to the steel covering, and are then “passivated” [[rendered passive]].
- The scale-inhibiting substance can, for example, be applied to the steel covering as a solid, and, in the case of a metallic material, for example, as a sheet or plate. When sheeting is used, they can be made to adhere to the steel covering by, for example, welding or glueing them together. The sheet of scale-inhibitor can also be applied to the steel covering by shrink- or press-fitting. In particular, it is possible to arrange for the steel covering to be covered by the scale-inhibiting substance in a manner such that the steel covering, in those parts covered by the scale-inhibiting substance, cannot come in contact with the surrounding gas atmosphere. The lamination/coating, in other words, should be gas-tight.
- In using a scale-inhibiting substance in sheet form, the facing surfaces of the scale-inhibiting sheet and the steel covering can be made to exactly correspond dimensionally, so that the scale-inhibiting sheet covers the entire surface of the steel covering. It may suffice, on the other hand, for the scale-inhibiting sheet to be attached in a gas-tight manner to the steel covering just along its edges, perhaps by welding.
- An alternative version may have the scale-inhibiting substance applied to the steel covering as a liquid, for example, by brushing or spraying (e.g. with flame or plasma sprayers), or by having the steel covering impregnated with the liquid, with the liquid subsequently converted into a solid which coats the steel covering in a tight bond.
- The scale-inhibiting substance may also be applied to the steel covering in powder form, and is subsequently tightly bonded with the steel covering.
- It is generally sufficient to apply the scale-inhibiting substance to the steel covering in a thickness up to 1 mm, for example, in a thickness between 0.1 and 0.7 mm, or 0.2 and 0.5 mm.
- As discussed earlier, the ceramic form can in particular be a ceramic pouring spout as an interchangeable spout, in the continuous casting of metals, and the following description will be based, by way of example, on such a discharge nozzle.
- The surface of the steel covering facing the ceramic pouring spout can lie directly on the surface of the ceramic spout, and the steel covering may, for example, by applied by shrinking a previous heated steel sheet.
- In one embodiment, the steel covering wraps around the outer surface of the spout. A version such as this is known in the present state of the art. Since the outer circumferential surface (surface) of the spout is usually formed with rotational symmetry, the steel covering can, in this case, be wrapped around the spout in the form of a sleeve.
- The facing surfaces of the steel covering and the ceramic spout may be made to be matching in a way such that they come to lie against each other over their entire surfaces. In this case, the parts of the spout's surface that are covered by the steel covering are directly covered by the surface of the steel covering facing the spout. The mechanical strength of the ceramic spout can be enhanced by having the steel covering pre-stressed in its seat against the spout, for example by shrink-fitting. Alternatively, the steel covering may be provided for with only its edges in contact with the ceramic spout. The contact zone between the steel covering and the ceramic spout may be made gas-tight.
- Further features of the invention may derive from the subclaims and other application documents.
- There follows an expanded description of an illustrative version of a ceramic form according to the application, using the appended, highly schematized figure. Here, FIG. 1 shows a ceramic form in the shape of a spout for continuous metal casting, in a lateral cross section.
- The
pouring spout 1 consists of aceramic form 3, covered in part by a steel covering 5. Thesteel covering 5 is covered in part by a scale-inhibitingsubstance 7. - The
ceramic form 3 has rotational symmetry around its longitudinal axis L. Also with rotational symmetry around its longitudinal axis L, it has on its interior achannel 2 for the passage of the molten metal. An upper cylindrical section A of theceramic form 3 adjoins below it a downward conically tapered section B, followed by another cyclindrical section C, and finally a conically tapering section D. Theceramic form 3 consists of a standard refractory ceramic material. Atop face 9 of theceramic form 3 has a recess 11. - On its outer circumferential surface13, the
ceramic form 3 is covered in part by the sleeve-shaped steel covering 5, which consists of sheet steel. The steel covering 5 lies fully against the outer circumferential surface 13. It starts at the upper edge 13 o of the outer surface 13 and ends at a distance from the lower edge 13 u of the outer surface 13 in the region of section D. That part of the circumferential surface 13 which extends in the area of section D from the lower end of the steel covering 5 to the lower edge 13 u is identified with the reference 13 f; it is the only section of the outer surface 13 that is not covered by thesteel covering 5. - Moreover, the
upper face 9 and thebottom face 15 of theceramic form 3 are not covered by the steel covering 5. - The section of the steel covering5 which covers section D of the ceramic form is covered by a scale-inhibiting
aluminum layer 7. Thisaluminum layer 7 is placed (by shrink-fitting) as a sleeve over the steel covering 5, and forms a tight bond with it. This section represents the contact surface with a submerged entry nozzle or tapping spout, and is subject to the strongest oxidation. Accordingly, in this description of an illustrative embodiment, it is only this section of the steel covering 5 that is encased by a scale-inhibiting substance.
Claims (13)
1. Ceramic form (1), whose surface (9, 13, 15) is covered at least sectionally with a steel covering (5), where the steel covering (5) is covered, at least sectionally, in that part of its surface not covering the form (1), with a scale-inhibiting substance (7).
2. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , as pouring spout for metal casting.
3. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 2 , as an interchangeable pouring spout.
4. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , for a sliding value system.
5. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , the steel covering (5) of which rests directly on the surface (13) of the ceramic form (1).
6. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , the steel covering (5) of which is a sheet of steel.
7. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , the steel covering (5) of which envelops the ceramic form (1) along its outer circumferential surface (13).
8. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 6 , the steel covering (5) of which envelops the ceramic form (1) under pre-stress tension.
9. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , the scale-inhibiting substance of which is a metal or metallic compound.
10. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , with a scale-inhibiting substance in the form of a sheet (7) or a layer applied to the steel covering (5).
11. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , the scale-inhibiting substance of which consists of aluminum or an aluminum compound.
12. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , the scale-inhibiting substance (7) of which is sprayed onto the steel covering (5).
13. Ceramic form (1) according to claim 1 , the scale-inhibiting substance (7) of which forms a gas-tight seal with respect to the covered surfaces of the steel covering (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10137758A DE10137758C2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2001-08-02 | Ceramic molded body |
DE10137758.4 | 2001-08-02 | ||
PCT/EP2002/008439 WO2003013766A2 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2002-07-30 | Ceramic moulded body |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20040100003A1 true US20040100003A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
Family
ID=7694038
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/472,609 Abandoned US20040100003A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2002-07-30 | Ceramic moulded body |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20040100003A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1412306B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR035271A1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE325086T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2002325375A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0205831A (en) |
DE (2) | DE10137758C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2261711T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04000948A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2249494C1 (en) |
UA (1) | UA73624C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003013766A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004008382A1 (en) * | 2004-02-20 | 2005-09-08 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Metal-encased replacement nozzle used in closure system of steel casting ladle, comprises refractory of specified composition surrounded by cast iron jacket |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4182466A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1980-01-08 | Didier-Werke Ag | Wear part for sliding gates and process for the production of such wear parts and sliding gate with such wear parts |
US4323529A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1982-04-06 | Uss Engineers And Consultants, Inc. | Method for making a refractory article |
US4822689A (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1989-04-18 | Union Carbide Corporation | High volume fraction refractory oxide, thermal shock resistant coatings |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3841539A (en) * | 1973-03-01 | 1974-10-15 | United States Steel Corp | Collector nozzle for slidable gates |
DE2451180A1 (en) * | 1973-10-29 | 1975-04-30 | Uss Eng & Consult | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR POURING METAL FROM ONE CASTING VESSEL INTO ANOTHER |
GB1490982A (en) * | 1974-01-16 | 1977-11-09 | Flogates Ltd | Pouring of molten metals |
GB1477173A (en) * | 1974-06-15 | 1977-06-22 | Flogates Ltd | Sliding gate valve |
US3937372A (en) * | 1974-10-25 | 1976-02-10 | United States Steel Corporation | Sliding gate mechanism with side wall mounted biasing springs |
DE2733665C2 (en) * | 1977-07-26 | 1985-10-24 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Exchangeable wear parts for slide locks |
IT1142623B (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1986-10-08 | Flocon Italiana | PROCEDURE FOR REGENERATING A MOBILE PLATE OF A CASTING DRAWER OF A LADDER |
US4561573A (en) * | 1982-08-20 | 1985-12-31 | Flo-Con Systems, Inc. | Valve and replaceable collector nozzle |
DE3434857C1 (en) * | 1984-09-22 | 1992-06-11 | Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Slider closure for pouring out metallurgical vessels |
BE1000948A3 (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-05-23 | Internat Ind Engineering Sprl | Tube casting for closure device sliding. |
CH675976A5 (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1990-11-30 | Stopinc Ag |
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2001
- 2001-08-02 DE DE10137758A patent/DE10137758C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-30 BR BR0205831-6A patent/BR0205831A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-07-30 ES ES02758405T patent/ES2261711T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 RU RU2003120457/02A patent/RU2249494C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 MX MXPA04000948A patent/MXPA04000948A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-07-30 AU AU2002325375A patent/AU2002325375A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-30 US US10/472,609 patent/US20040100003A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-07-30 EP EP02758405A patent/EP1412306B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 DE DE50206679T patent/DE50206679D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-30 AT AT02758405T patent/ATE325086T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 UA UA2003076165A patent/UA73624C2/en unknown
- 2002-07-30 WO PCT/EP2002/008439 patent/WO2003013766A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-08-02 AR ARP020102944A patent/AR035271A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4182466A (en) * | 1976-06-25 | 1980-01-08 | Didier-Werke Ag | Wear part for sliding gates and process for the production of such wear parts and sliding gate with such wear parts |
US4323529A (en) * | 1979-12-14 | 1982-04-06 | Uss Engineers And Consultants, Inc. | Method for making a refractory article |
US4822689A (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1989-04-18 | Union Carbide Corporation | High volume fraction refractory oxide, thermal shock resistant coatings |
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MXPA04000948A (en) | 2004-04-20 |
ATE325086T1 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
WO2003013766A2 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
AU2002325375A1 (en) | 2003-02-24 |
WO2003013766A3 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
ES2261711T3 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
RU2249494C1 (en) | 2005-04-10 |
UA73624C2 (en) | 2005-08-15 |
AR035271A1 (en) | 2004-05-05 |
EP1412306B1 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
EP1412306A2 (en) | 2004-04-28 |
BR0205831A (en) | 2003-08-26 |
RU2003120457A (en) | 2005-01-10 |
DE50206679D1 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
DE10137758A1 (en) | 2003-02-27 |
DE10137758C2 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
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