US20040093427A1 - Service diversity for communication system - Google Patents

Service diversity for communication system Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040093427A1
US20040093427A1 US10/283,876 US28387602A US2004093427A1 US 20040093427 A1 US20040093427 A1 US 20040093427A1 US 28387602 A US28387602 A US 28387602A US 2004093427 A1 US2004093427 A1 US 2004093427A1
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United States
Prior art keywords
service
client station
multimedia stream
server
resource
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US10/283,876
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English (en)
Inventor
Ricardo Lopez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qualcomm Inc filed Critical Qualcomm Inc
Priority to US10/283,876 priority Critical patent/US20040093427A1/en
Assigned to QUALCOMM INCORPORATED reassignment QUALCOMM INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LOPEZ, RICARDO JORGE
Priority to AU2003284941A priority patent/AU2003284941A1/en
Priority to EP03779261A priority patent/EP1559024A2/en
Priority to KR1020057007650A priority patent/KR20050075765A/ko
Priority to PCT/US2003/033902 priority patent/WO2004040780A2/en
Priority to CNA2003801065516A priority patent/CN1726484A/zh
Priority to JP2004548482A priority patent/JP2006505190A/ja
Priority to TW092130049A priority patent/TW200419372A/zh
Publication of US20040093427A1 publication Critical patent/US20040093427A1/en
Priority to US11/196,232 priority patent/US7698378B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/02—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by diversity reception
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
    • G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
    • G06F15/163—Interprocessor communication
    • G06F15/173—Interprocessor communication using an interconnection network, e.g. matrix, shuffle, pyramid, star, snowflake
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/75—Media network packet handling
    • H04L65/764—Media network packet handling at the destination 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/40—Network security protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/14—Multichannel or multilink protocols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to computer-based communication systems.
  • Nodes such as server platforms, client stations, peer stations, and intermediate station nodes in current communication systems typically must select a single channel or single link or other communication interface incident to undertaking a data transfer transaction or a so-called “use case” (essentially, one or more transactions or constituent use cases directed to a common goal), such as the wireless transmission of multimedia data or the downloading of a Web page. This is so even though the nodes themselves might be capable of communicating over a number of diverse channels or links. Service is typically provided over the single channel or link from a single server.
  • a service provider either as server or peer, serving a group of clients or peers with multi-channel/multi-link capabilities establishes connections, assigns resources, and otherwise engages in utilizing finite capacities to serve those clients or peers on an “as come” basis.
  • Such allocation often causes ineffective and/or inefficient use of the overall system resources and capabilities as clients or peers engage and disengage services stochastically.
  • a multicast router allocates link utilization based on the shortest route as multicast members engage in a multicast from various point on the global Internet. As time progresses, the router may experience increasing queuing delay on one or more links, while other available links have available capacity to be used.
  • backbone routers may handle 10 5 connections at any moment in time on a single link. These connections are engaged and disengaged at a rate of 100 per second, and last on the order of 10 seconds each, leaving sufficient room for the law of large numbers to provide a comfortable margin.
  • the present invention recognizes that the above-discussed “law of large numbers” can break down. For instance, providing several wireless client stations with multimedia content typically requires high bandwidth since a great deal of data transmission is entailed, and moreover clients typically remain connected for a substantial period, instead of connecting and disconnecting relatively rapidly as is the case for an ordinary telephone call. Unfortunately the server, a wireless communication system base station in this case, has finite transmission bandwidth.
  • the base station might have the bandwidth to supply all nearby client stations with the base layer of a multimedia stream, but it might not have sufficient bandwidth, depending on the circumstances, to provide all client stations with enhancement layers of the stream.
  • An adjacent base station might happen to have spare bandwidth at that moment, but even if some of the client devices are close enough to it to receive data from the adjacent base station, present protocols permit only the transfer of the entire service between base stations. They do not permit load sharing among base stations to deliver different parts of the same service simultaneously. Having made these critical observations, the invention disclosed herein is provided.
  • a transaction or use case makes use of a procedure and a protocol (both as programmatic interface and information stream structure) such that altering the underlying resource allocation that serves the transaction or use case is easily accommodated without any discontinuity of service.
  • a communication system includes first and second service nodes and a client station positioned to communicate with the service nodes over respective first and second channels.
  • the first service node provides a first part of a use case to the client station and the second service node provides a second part of the use case to the client station simultaneously with the provision of the first part by the first service node.
  • the first and second parts do not represent the same data as each other.
  • the first part is a base layer of a multimedia stream and the second part is an enhancement layer of the multimedia stream that is associated with the base layer.
  • the client station overlays the enhancement layer onto the base layer to establish frames of the multimedia stream, with each frame including data from the base layer and data from at least one enhancement layer.
  • the channels can be bidirectional.
  • a method for communication of a single use case to a client station from a service system having at least first and second service resources includes communicating a first part of the use case using the first service resource to the client station, and determining whether to direct the client station to receive a second part of the use case from the second service resource.
  • the first and second parts are different from each other in that the second part is not merely duplicative of the first part.
  • the method also includes selectively directing the client station to receive the second part from the second service resource.
  • the first and second parts can be received over respective first and second links.
  • the first service resource is a first server and the second service resource is a second server.
  • the first server is a first wireless communication system base station and the second server is a second base station.
  • the first part can be a base layer of a multimedia stream and the second part can be an enhancement layer of the multimedia stream.
  • the multimedia stream can be digitally broadcast.
  • the first service resource is a first trunk line and the second service resource is a second trunk line.
  • the first service resource is a satellite providing a base layer of a multimedia stream and the second service resource is a terrestrial resource providing an enhancement layer of the multimedia stream.
  • a client station has a first receiver receiving a first part of a use case from a first service resource and a second receiver receiving a second part of the use case from a second resource.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a simplified system
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present process.
  • a system is shown, generally designated 10 , that includes plural nodes, such as a first server 12 and a client station 14 , although the nodes can be peers in the system 10 .
  • the first server 12 has a processor 16 and the client station 14 has a processor 18 for undertaking the communication logic disclosed herein.
  • a second server 19 can establish a node of the system.
  • the servers 12 , 19 might be wireless communication system base stations (BTS). In other embodiments, one or both servers might be routers.
  • BTS wireless communication system base stations
  • one or both servers might be routers.
  • the client station 14 includes at least first and second communication systems 20 , 22 for respectively communicating with the servers 12 , 19 over respective first and second channels or links 24 , 26 . That is, the communication systems 20 , 22 are configured for communicating over the respective links 24 , 26 .
  • the link 24 is a satellite link
  • the communication system 20 is a satellite communication system.
  • the link 26 is a wireless point-to-point link
  • the communication system 22 is a wireless point-to-point system such as CDMA or GSM.
  • the links 24 , 26 (and respective communication systems 20 , 22 in the client station 14 ) may be the same as each other or different from each other. For instance, when one of the servers 12 , 19 is a router, the links 24 , 26 can be trunk lines.
  • the client station 14 can include additional or different communication systems, such as a 802.11 communication system.
  • the channels or links 24 , 26 may have different class of service (COS) characteristics.
  • COS class of service
  • the first link 24 can have a higher or lower bandwidth than the second link 26 , and/or more or less latency, and/or greater or lesser error quality characteristics, and/or other different COS variables.
  • Non-limiting examples of the types of links or channels to which the invention applies includes wireless communication point-to-point links, UHF/VHF/SHF/EHF broadcast links, landline broadcast links, infrared (IR) links, ethernet links, 802.11 type links, satellite links, etc.
  • IR infrared
  • a particular COS can be thought of as a class of links that fulfill the service requirements of an application or protocol.
  • Each link 24 , 26 may be composed of a receive frequency and a different, transmit frequency.
  • the client station 14 can be a “mobile station (“MS”), such as a mobile telephone-type device made by Kyocera, Samsung, or other manufacturer that uses Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) principles and CDMA over-the-air (OTA) communication air interface protocols such as defined in but not limited to IS-95A, IS-95B, WCDMA, IS-2000, and others to communicate with wireless infrastructure, although the present invention applies to GSM, Personal Communications Service (PCS) and cellular systems, such as Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) and the following digital systems: CDMA, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), and hybrid systems that use both TDMA and CDMA technologies.
  • MS mobile station
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • OTA over-the-air
  • a CDMA cellular system is described in the Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Association (TIA/EIA) Standard IS-95. Combined AMPS and CDMA systems are described in TIA/EIA Standard IS-95.
  • Other communications systems are described in the International Mobile Telecommunications System 2000/Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (IMT-2000/UM), standards covering what are referred to as wideband CDMA (WCDMA), cdma2000 (such as cdma2000 1 ⁇ or 3 ⁇ air interface standards, for example) or TD-SCDMA.
  • the client station 14 may also be a computer that wirelessly access the Internet and/or that access the Internet through a landline.
  • the process of the present invention can be appreciated in reference to FIG. 2, which can be undertaken using a computer.
  • the server 12 identifies an alternate source or server or other service provisioning resource for at least parts of the use case. For example, if the server 12 is a router that intends to route communication to the client station 14 over the first link 24 (in this case, a first trunk line), the server 12 might identify the second link 26 as being a second trunk line over which parts of the use case potentially could be provided.
  • the server 12 might identify the second server 19 as a BTS that is sufficiently close to the client station 14 that it can provide portions of the multimedia stream to the client station 14 over the second (in this case, wireless) link 26 .
  • the multimedia stream includes a base layer and one or more enhancement layers. More specifically, some delta prediction schemes such as MPEG4 allow for so-called “enhancement layers” of bits during quantization. Essentially, a “base layer” is provided for each frame for each stream that represents a minimum amount of data necessary to render the frame, with enhancement layers for the frame being available to add fidelity to the image or sound provided by the base layer. The benefit provided by the increased bit rate resulting from the addition of the enhancement layers can be indicated along with the enhancement layers themselves.
  • the different parts that are identified at block 28 are not mere duplicates of each other, in contrast to, e.g., transmitting the same wireless data from two base stations to a single wireless receiver to ensure reception of the data. Rather, the first and second part are different parts of the same use case/transaction.
  • the capabilities of the client station 14 are determined, to determine whether the client would be able to receive parts of the use case over both links 24 , 26 . Assuming it can, the logic proceeds to block 32 , wherein the server 12 periodically informs the client station 14 to stand by to receive parts of the use case from the alternate source/server. The server 12 may also periodically check the alternate source/server to ensure that it remains available.
  • the logic next flows to decision diamond 34 , wherein the server 12 determines whether it is at a limit of capacity that requires switching provisioning of parts of the use case to the alternate source/server.
  • the logic moves to block 36 , wherein the server 12 directs the client station 14 to receive part of the use case from the alternate source/server.
  • the client station 12 might receive a base layer of the multimedia stream from the first server 12 (in this, a primary BTS) and simultaneously receive one or more enhancement layers of the same stream from the second server 19 (in this case, a secondary BTS that is sufficiently close to the client station 14 to serve it).
  • the client station 14 combines the parts.
  • the client station 14 would overlay the enhancement layer onto the base layer in accordance with principles known in the art.
  • a multi-mode mobile multimedia client station device 14 with a terrestrial IxEv-DO link and a L/S/C band Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite link The service provider can broadcast a multimedia base layer over the geographically broader LEO satellite downlink such that all devices within the geographic coverage of the LEO downlink can receive this layer and thus render a base quality of the broadcast media.
  • clients desiring additional quality can receive enhancement layers of the multimedia stream over the terrestrial broadcast link.
  • the service provider may choose to limit low count clients of a given cell when bandwidth resources are not available within that cell.
  • the advantage of this use of multiple channels includes reduced bandwidth utilization by many base stations of the same multimedia material and therefore a greater availability of bandwidth for the enhancement layers.
  • the client station 14 may use an RF receiver capable of multiple channel selections, each of which could establish a respective link, e.g., the links 24 , 26 . Each link is unidirectional.
  • the client station 14 may be directed to obtain one portion of a use case on a first channel and obtain the other portions of the use case on a second channel.
  • the client station 14 can tune transmitting channels independently of receiving channels.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
US10/283,876 2002-10-29 2002-10-29 Service diversity for communication system Abandoned US20040093427A1 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/283,876 US20040093427A1 (en) 2002-10-29 2002-10-29 Service diversity for communication system
JP2004548482A JP2006505190A (ja) 2002-10-29 2003-10-27 通信システムのためのサービスダイバーシチ
PCT/US2003/033902 WO2004040780A2 (en) 2002-10-29 2003-10-27 Service diversity for communication system
EP03779261A EP1559024A2 (en) 2002-10-29 2003-10-27 Service diversity for communication system
KR1020057007650A KR20050075765A (ko) 2002-10-29 2003-10-27 통신 시스템을 위한 서비스 다이버시티
AU2003284941A AU2003284941A1 (en) 2002-10-29 2003-10-27 Service diversity for communication system
CNA2003801065516A CN1726484A (zh) 2002-10-29 2003-10-27 通信系统的服务分集
TW092130049A TW200419372A (en) 2002-10-29 2003-10-29 Service diversity for communication system
US11/196,232 US7698378B2 (en) 2002-10-29 2005-08-02 Service diversity for communication system

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/283,876 US20040093427A1 (en) 2002-10-29 2002-10-29 Service diversity for communication system

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US11/196,232 Continuation US7698378B2 (en) 2002-10-29 2005-08-02 Service diversity for communication system

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US20040093427A1 true US20040093427A1 (en) 2004-05-13

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US10/283,876 Abandoned US20040093427A1 (en) 2002-10-29 2002-10-29 Service diversity for communication system
US11/196,232 Expired - Fee Related US7698378B2 (en) 2002-10-29 2005-08-02 Service diversity for communication system

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US (2) US20040093427A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1559024A2 (zh)
JP (1) JP2006505190A (zh)
KR (1) KR20050075765A (zh)
CN (1) CN1726484A (zh)
AU (1) AU2003284941A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW200419372A (zh)
WO (1) WO2004040780A2 (zh)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1559024A2 (en) 2005-08-03
US7698378B2 (en) 2010-04-13
AU2003284941A1 (en) 2004-05-25
TW200419372A (en) 2004-10-01
JP2006505190A (ja) 2006-02-09
KR20050075765A (ko) 2005-07-21
US20060031554A1 (en) 2006-02-09
WO2004040780A2 (en) 2004-05-13
WO2004040780A3 (en) 2004-06-24
CN1726484A (zh) 2006-01-25

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