US20040048211A1 - Catalytic combustion device with liquid fuel vaporisation on hot walls - Google Patents

Catalytic combustion device with liquid fuel vaporisation on hot walls Download PDF

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Publication number
US20040048211A1
US20040048211A1 US10/433,792 US43379203A US2004048211A1 US 20040048211 A1 US20040048211 A1 US 20040048211A1 US 43379203 A US43379203 A US 43379203A US 2004048211 A1 US2004048211 A1 US 2004048211A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
zone
fuel
combustion
wall
catalytic
Prior art date
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Abandoned
Application number
US10/433,792
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerard Martin
Tidjani Niass
Jean-Francois Le Coz
Etienne Lebas
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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Assigned to INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE reassignment INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LECOZ, JEAN-FRANCOIS, LEBAS, ETIENNE, MARTIN, GERARD, NIASS, TIDJANI
Publication of US20040048211A1 publication Critical patent/US20040048211A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D9/00—Burners in which a stream of liquid fuel impinges intermittently on a hot surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/30—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising fuel prevapourising devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/40—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the use of catalytic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a catalytic combustion device with vaporization of liquid fuel on a hot wall, thus allowing to optimize the preparation of the air/fuel mixture in a combustion zone.
  • Catalytic combustion is an attractive solution for meeting the increasingly severe standards relative to pollution.
  • the catalytic combustion chamber advantageously replaces conventional burners because it allows better control of the total oxidation of the fuel in a very wide range of the air/fuel ratio values, thus allowing to work under optimum conditions which greatly reduce nitrogen oxides, unburnt fuel and carbon monoxide emissions.
  • the main characteristic of this particular type of combustion is to provide complete oxidation of the fuels at a relatively low temperature (below 1000° C.) in relation to a conventional combustion.
  • catalytic combustion allows a great variety of compounds to be burnt.
  • the applications of catalytic combustion are thus multiple: radiant panels and tubes, catalytic stoves, gas turbines, cogeneration, burners for boilers, catalytic sleeves for tubular reaction systems, hot gas production in the field of direct contact heating and catalytic plate reactors, etc.
  • the possible fields of application of catalytic combustion are described in the literature, for example in: ⁇ Catalytic Combustion: Current Status and Implications for Energy Efficiency in the Process Industries, Heat Recovery System & CHP, 13, No.5, pp. 383-390, 1993 >>.
  • Combustion catalysts are generally prepared from a monolithic ceramic or metallic substrate on which a thin support layer consisting of one or more heat-resisting oxides, whose surface and porosity are greater than that of the monolithic substrate, is deposited.
  • the active phase comprising most often essentially metals of the platinum group is dispersed on this support layer.
  • the commonest reactor configuration is a reactor comprising several catalytic zones: the inlet catalyst(s) being more specifically dedicated to the initiation of the combustion reaction, the others being used to stabilize the combustion reaction at high temperature; the number of catalytic stages (or zones) is adjusted according to the conditions imposed by the application considered. It is also possible to replace the first catalytic reaction initiation zone by a pilot burner allowing the reaction to be initiated.
  • the invention relates to a catalytic combustion device comprising a main combustion zone including at least one catalytic stage, at least one air/fuel mixing zone, said mixing zone comprising at least one pressurized air inlet, and injection means for injecting a liquid fuel, characterised in that the injection means project the liquid fuel onto a wall heated by the combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the main combustion zone, so as to allow vaporization of said fuel on contact with this wall.
  • the invention allows to substantially reduce the diameter of the liquid droplets by sending a primary liquid jet onto a surface whose temperature is higher than the maximum boiling temperature of said fuel under the pressure conditions of the combustion zone.
  • This primary liquid jet can be advantageously sprayed by any injector or spraying system known to the man skilled in the art.
  • Injectors allowing primary spraying of the fuel with liquid droplets whose average diameter ranges between 5 and 60 ⁇ m (10 ⁇ 6 metre), preferably between 10 and 40 ⁇ m, are generally used.
  • the surface temperature of the wall encountered by the primary jet is advantageously substantially equal to or greater, at the pressure considered, than a first temperature T N of the wall corresponding to a maximum boiling temperature of the liquid.
  • T N the intense thermal exchanges between the wall and the fuel lead to an intense spraying of the liquid fuel (also referred to as Nukiyama temperature).
  • a substantially equal temperature is understood to be a temperature greater or less than said temperature by 100° C., preferably greater or less than said temperature by 50° C., and most preferably greater or less than said temperature by 20° C.
  • Control of the wall temperature will thus condition the size of the droplets and can be obtained by means of any technique known to the man skilled in the art.
  • the arrangement which is the object of the present invention can also contribute to cooling the walls of the combustion or postcombustion zones, or of the zone carrying the hot gases to the expander.
  • the hot wall on which the fuel is sprayed is the wall of the combustion or postcombustion zone or of the zone carrying the hot gases resulting from the combustion or the wall of the starting equipment which can be, for example, a flame combustion chamber, an electric heater or any other device known to the man skilled in the art.
  • the means intended for injection of the liquid fuel are injectors allowing primary spraying, whose orientation and characteristics are calculated so as to obtain the most homogeneous possible distribution of the fuel in the combustion air, and the size of the droplets sent by said injector ranges between 5 and 60 ⁇ m, preferably between 10 and 40 ⁇ m, and most preferably between 20 and 30 ⁇ m.
  • the hot wall of the zone opposite said injection means has a substantially plane shape.
  • the hot wall of the zone opposite the injectors has a curved shape, concave for example.
  • the zone receiving the impact of the fuel jets is equipped with devices allowing to increase the heat transfer from the hot zone to the spraying zone.
  • the device according to the present invention finds applications for example in gas turbines equipped with a heat recuperator or in combustion chambers having an annular geometry.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment where the fuel is injected onto a hot wall of a combustion initiating device consisting of a pilot burner, and
  • FIG. 2 shows another example of an embodiment where the fuel is injected onto a hot wall of a postcombustion zone.
  • the combustion device diagrammatically shown in FIG. 1 comprises an inlet 1 for pressurized air coming from a compressor (not shown in the figure). This air circulates in a peripheral annular space 2 prior to reaching a distribution box 3 where it is separated into a stream intended for a combustion initiation device, here a pilot burner 4 , and a stream sent to a catalytic section 5 .
  • a device can be provided in the vicinity of this distribution box 3 in order to separate the air in an optimum way whatever the running conditions of the machine.
  • the pilot burner shown in FIG. 1 is a conventional flame burner. It comprises a central fuel delivery line 6 , an air box 7 , means 8 such as blades, for example, for adjusting the velocity and the rotation of the combustion air before it enters combustion zone 9 of the pilot burner, an outlet zone 10 for the fumes produced by the pilot burner, said outlet running right through catalytic section 5 .
  • This pilot burner can also be an equipment known to the man skilled in the art and reputed to discharge low nitrogen oxides amounts, such as for example systems in which the combustion air is brought into rotation in blades, with injection of the fuel inside the blades, or part thereof, or in the immediate vicinity of these blades.
  • Main combustion zone 20 comprises an air/fuel mixing zone 11 arranged downstream from distribution box 3 , liquid fuel mechanical spray injectors 12 equally distributed for example on the periphery of mixing zone 11 and of catalytic section 5 .
  • Injectors 12 produce a liquid fuel jet sent onto hot wall 13 of pilot burner 4 and they allow primary spraying of this fuel with liquid droplets whose average diameter ranges between 5 and 60 ⁇ m (10 ⁇ 6 metre), preferably between 10 and 40 ⁇ m.
  • This jet is preferably substantially perpendicular to the hot wall.
  • substantially perpendicular means that the angle between the surface of the hot wall in relation to the axis of the jet more preferably ranges between 80° and 100°.
  • this angle can range between 40° and 140°, preferably between 60° and 120°.
  • Wall 13 is heated by the combustion of the air/fuel mixture in section 5 and by contact with the hot wall, the liquid fuel is vaporized while dividing into very fine droplets which are some microns in average diameter (10 ⁇ 6 m) and carried along by the combustion air.
  • the number of injectors, their orientation in relation to the hot surface and the characteristics of the injectors are calculated by the man skilled in the art so as to obtain the most homogeneous possible distribution of the fuel in the gaseous stream, once the fine droplets sprayed.
  • the gaseous air/fuel mixture flows then into catalytic section 5 which often consists of one or more monoliths arranged in parallel or in series, in order to limit pressure drops.
  • zone 14 referred to as postcombustion zone, provided therefore.
  • Wall 15 which is in contact with postcombustion zone 14 or with catalytic section 5 is also heated by the combustion of the air/fuel mixture in catalytic section 5 , and it is possible to arrange injectors 12 opposite this wall.
  • wall 13 of pilot burner 4 opposite the injectors can have a substantially plane shape, or even curved or concave so that all of the liquid fuel droplets sent by the injector impact as perpendicular as possible the hot surface where they are intended to fragment and disintegrate.
  • FIG. 2 is another possible illustration of the invention.
  • It also comprises an inlet 101 for pressurized air coming from the compressor (not shown in the figure), a combustion initiation device 102 (or pilot burner) and main combustion zone 200 with its catalytic section 103 proper.
  • the combustion air circulates in a substantially annular peripheral space 104 .
  • the fuel is introduced by means of injectors 105 fastened to and substantially equally distributed on outer wall 106 of annular space 104 .
  • injectors can be mechanical (without spraying assistance) or air-blast injectors (with the assistance of a spraying fluid) or any other equivalent device.
  • the jets produced by these injectors are sent onto hot wall 107 which separates annular space 104 from zone 108 , which can be a postcombustion zone or simply a connection zone between catalytic section 103 and the expander (not shown in the figure) and, on contact with this hot wall, the liquid fuel is sprayed as very fine droplets.
  • injectors 105 produce a fuel jet with a primary spray containing liquid droplets whose average diameter ranges between 5 and 60 ⁇ m (10 ⁇ 6 metre), preferably between 10 and 40 ⁇ m.
  • certain parts of wall 107 can be covered with insulating materials in order to prevent hot spots which can lead to an early ignition of the air/fuel mixture.
  • zone 120 of wall 107 which receives the impact of the jets, can be equipped with devices such as blades in order to increase the heat transfer from hot zone 108 to spraying zone 104 .
  • the number of injectors, their orientation in relation to the hot wall and their characteristics are calculated by the man skilled in the art so as to obtain the most homogeneous possible distribution of the fuel once the droplets sprayed.
  • Annular zone 104 is ended by a distributor 109 which distributes the air/fuel mixture among pilot burner 102 and main catalytic section 103 .
  • This distribution can for example be obtained by means of a mobile shutter 110 which alternately moves in front of inlet 111 of catalytic section 103 or in front of inlet 112 of pilot burner 102 , according to the running conditions of the machine.
  • the pilot burner can be a device such as shown in FIG. 1. It can also be a system as shown in FIG. 2, i.e. consisting of an initiating catalytic section 121 , fed by a circuit 113 arranged after distributor 109 .
  • This catalytic section can be a metal monolith preheated by Joule effect, by means of an electric power supply consisting of any electricity source 114 , of two metallic connectors 115 arranged at each end of the monolith and of an electric link 116 connecting said connectors 115 to electricity source 114 .
  • Main catalytic section 103 comprises a distribution box 117 for the air/fuel mixture, and this box can be equipped for example with a perforated plate 118 intended to provide homogeneous feeding of all the constituent channels of the monolith.
  • This plate 118 can also be a monolith of very limited thickness, intended to stop any flame in case of unwanted self-ignition of the air/fuel mixture, in space 119 between said plate 118 and main catalytic section 103 .
  • the latter can consist of one or more monoliths arranged in series or in parallel.
  • a free space 108 can be provided downstream from catalytic section 103 , before the expander (not shown), which is intended to complete the combustion of the air/fuel mixture if it has not completely burned in the catalytic section.
  • Catalytic sections 102 and 103 can use catalysts of different nature.
  • the catalyst of pilot burner 102 can for example have a high precious metal content, precious metals being known for their efficiency for catalytic combustion, and combustion can thus start from 200° C. or 250° C.
  • the invention can also be applied to gas turbine configurations with a heat recuperator or to combustion chambers having an annular geometry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
US10/433,792 2000-12-11 2001-12-05 Catalytic combustion device with liquid fuel vaporisation on hot walls Abandoned US20040048211A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0016107A FR2817946B1 (fr) 2000-12-11 2000-12-11 Dispositif de combustion catalytique avec pulverisation de combustible liquide sur parois chaudes
FR00/16107 2000-12-11
PCT/FR2001/003850 WO2002048610A1 (fr) 2000-12-11 2001-12-05 Dispositif de combustion catalytique avec vaporisation de combustible liquide sur parois chaudes

Publications (1)

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US20040048211A1 true US20040048211A1 (en) 2004-03-11

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US10/433,792 Abandoned US20040048211A1 (en) 2000-12-11 2001-12-05 Catalytic combustion device with liquid fuel vaporisation on hot walls

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US (1) US20040048211A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1344000B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2004515741A (de)
AT (1) ATE348979T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60125412T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2817946B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2002048610A1 (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040187498A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-30 Sprouse Kenneth M. Apparatus and method for selecting a flow mixture
US20040187499A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-30 Shahram Farhangi Apparatus for mixing fluids
US20050188703A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-01 Sprouse Kenneth M. Non-swirl dry low nox (dln) combustor
US20070130830A1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-14 Balachandar Varatharajan Staged combustion for a fuel reformer
US20080020333A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2008-01-24 Smaling Rudolf M Dual reaction zone fuel reformer and associated method
US20080318174A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2008-12-25 Christophe Leclerc Gas burner for oven
US20140295358A1 (en) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-02 Oilon Oy Method and apparatus for burning hydrocarbons and other liquids and gases
US10378760B2 (en) * 2013-10-14 2019-08-13 Cogebio Lean gas burner

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7444820B2 (en) * 2004-10-20 2008-11-04 United Technologies Corporation Method and system for rich-lean catalytic combustion
SE536578C2 (sv) 2012-05-15 2014-03-04 Reformtech Heating Holding Ab Bränsleinsprutningssystem för användning i en katalytisk värmare och reaktor för utförande av katalytisk förbränning avflytande bränslen
DE102014103813A1 (de) * 2014-03-20 2015-09-24 Webasto SE Verdampferbrenneranordnung für ein mobiles, mit flüssigem Brennstoff betriebenes Heizgerät
CN113640337B (zh) * 2021-07-23 2024-04-05 哈尔滨工业大学 研究碳氢燃料液滴在微小尺度热壁面蒸发结焦的实验装置及其实验方法

Citations (9)

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US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method
US4040252A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-08-09 United Technologies Corporation Catalytic premixing combustor
US4067190A (en) * 1975-09-29 1978-01-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Catalytic gas turbine combustor with a fuel-air premix chamber
US4318689A (en) * 1979-03-29 1982-03-09 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gmbh Burner for liquid fuels
US4381187A (en) * 1980-03-24 1983-04-26 United Technologies Corporation Process for gasifying liquid hydrocarbon fuels
US4561257A (en) * 1981-05-20 1985-12-31 Rolls-Royce Limited Gas turbine engine combustion apparatus
US4927353A (en) * 1988-06-06 1990-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Catalytic combustion device
US5203690A (en) * 1988-07-08 1993-04-20 Nippon Chemical Plant Consultant Co., Ltd. Combustion apparatus
US5431017A (en) * 1993-02-08 1995-07-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Combuster for gas turbine system having a heat exchanging structure catalyst

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JPS5913831A (ja) * 1982-07-16 1984-01-24 Toshiba Corp ガスタ−ビン燃焼器
JPH06249414A (ja) * 1993-02-26 1994-09-06 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 触媒燃焼装置
KR960034854A (ko) * 1995-03-31 1996-10-24 김광호 석유연소기기의 포트식 버너구조
JPH11264514A (ja) * 1998-03-18 1999-09-28 Corona Corp 触媒燃焼装置
EP1126216A4 (de) * 1999-08-19 2009-10-28 Panasonic Corp Katalytische verbrennungseinrichtung und brennstoffverdampfungseinrichtung

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4013396A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-03-22 Tenney William L Fuel aerosolization apparatus and method
US4067190A (en) * 1975-09-29 1978-01-10 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Catalytic gas turbine combustor with a fuel-air premix chamber
US4040252A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-08-09 United Technologies Corporation Catalytic premixing combustor
US4318689A (en) * 1979-03-29 1982-03-09 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gmbh Burner for liquid fuels
US4381187A (en) * 1980-03-24 1983-04-26 United Technologies Corporation Process for gasifying liquid hydrocarbon fuels
US4561257A (en) * 1981-05-20 1985-12-31 Rolls-Royce Limited Gas turbine engine combustion apparatus
US4927353A (en) * 1988-06-06 1990-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho Catalytic combustion device
US5203690A (en) * 1988-07-08 1993-04-20 Nippon Chemical Plant Consultant Co., Ltd. Combustion apparatus
US5431017A (en) * 1993-02-08 1995-07-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Combuster for gas turbine system having a heat exchanging structure catalyst

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040187498A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-30 Sprouse Kenneth M. Apparatus and method for selecting a flow mixture
US20040187499A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2004-09-30 Shahram Farhangi Apparatus for mixing fluids
US7007486B2 (en) * 2003-03-26 2006-03-07 The Boeing Company Apparatus and method for selecting a flow mixture
US7117676B2 (en) * 2003-03-26 2006-10-10 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for mixing fluids
US20050188703A1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-01 Sprouse Kenneth M. Non-swirl dry low nox (dln) combustor
US7127899B2 (en) 2004-02-26 2006-10-31 United Technologies Corporation Non-swirl dry low NOx (DLN) combustor
US20070130830A1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-14 Balachandar Varatharajan Staged combustion for a fuel reformer
US20080318174A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2008-12-25 Christophe Leclerc Gas burner for oven
US7665987B2 (en) * 2006-04-14 2010-02-23 Thirode Grandes Cuisines Poligny Gas burner for oven
US20080020333A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2008-01-24 Smaling Rudolf M Dual reaction zone fuel reformer and associated method
US20140295358A1 (en) * 2013-03-27 2014-10-02 Oilon Oy Method and apparatus for burning hydrocarbons and other liquids and gases
US10378760B2 (en) * 2013-10-14 2019-08-13 Cogebio Lean gas burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1344000B1 (de) 2006-12-20
DE60125412T2 (de) 2007-09-27
WO2002048610A1 (fr) 2002-06-20
ATE348979T1 (de) 2007-01-15
DE60125412D1 (de) 2007-02-01
FR2817946A1 (fr) 2002-06-14
FR2817946B1 (fr) 2003-03-21
JP2004515741A (ja) 2004-05-27
EP1344000A1 (de) 2003-09-17

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MARTIN, GERARD;NIASS, TIDJANI;LECOZ, JEAN-FRANCOIS;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014572/0665;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020606 TO 20020624

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