Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04B—KNITTING
  • D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
  • D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
  • D04B1/16—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials synthetic threads
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D19/00—Gloves
  • A41D19/015—Protective gloves
  • A41D19/01505—Protective gloves resistant to mechanical aggressions, e.g. cutting. piercing
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/24—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
  • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
  • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
  • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
  • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
  • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
  • D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
  • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
  • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
  • D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
  • D10B2501/041—Gloves

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a high abrasion resistant fibrous structure comprising a specific construction of a non composite p-aramid strand and a nylon strand.
• This structure can be used to manufacture protective clothing having a high cut resistance and a high abrasion resistance.
• Aramids and more specifically para-aramids are a relatively new class of materials, which finds application in the domain of mechanical and thermal protection. High cut protection performance can be obtained from textile assemblies made of the para-aramid fibers. Therefore, para-aramid fibers are often used in the manufacture of protective clothing for industrial workers, firemen, sportsmen, military and police officers.
• the abrasion performance may be tailored by the selection of the type of fiber components, the fiber properties, the textile structures, the fabric mass per unit area, the number of fibers per unit volume or the relaxation allowance of the fiber components within the fiber bundle.
• the addition of abrasion resistance materials in a given structure containing cut resistance components generally provides higher abrasion performance at the expense of the cut resistance.
• U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,950 discloses a reinforcing component which is a composite yarn made of a nylon twisted yarn helically wrapped by another nylon twisted yarn, this reinforcing component being knitted in a plaited relationship with a body yarn.
• the manufacture of such a yarn is complex and necessitates several steps.
• the reinforced fabric thus obtained is still not satisfactory as regards cut resistance.
• One aspect of the invention is a fibrous structure comprising at least one non composite para-aramid strand and at least one nylon strand maintained in a parallel relationship to each other, the non composite para-aramid strand being present in the structure in an amount ranging from about 20% to about 99.9% by weight, relative to the weight of the structure.
• Another aspect of the invention is a process to manufacture the structure above comprising the step of processing a non composite para-aramid strand and a nylon strand in a parallel relationship to each other.
• Another aspect of the invention is a process for providing a fibrous structure having high cut and abrasion resistance, comprising:
• a further aspect of the invention is a high cut and abrasion resistant protective clothing, in particular gloves, aprons or sleeves, made of the fibrous structure above.
• the fibrous structure of the invention has a high resistance to abrasion. It also has a very high resistance to cutting. With the structure of the invention, it is possible to manufacture high cut and abrasion resistant protective clothing like working gloves. The gloves made of the fibrous structure of the invention are comfortable and, by wearing them, the user does not lose the natural dexterity of his hands.
• the fibrous structure of the invention also finds use in the ballistic area: it has a very good puncture resistance.
• the manufacturing process of the fibrous structure is very simple and direct and does not require any previous treatment or arrangement of the strand.
• the manufacturing process can therefore be completed in a minimum number of steps, allowing for a rapid, easy and cost effective realization of any fibrous structure.
• Fibrous structure includes two or three-dimensional structures comprising fibrous material.
• this structure includes knitted fabrics, woven fabrics, unidirectionals, nonwovens, and/or combinations thereof.
• combinations is meant that structures of different nature and/or construction may be assembled together, either in the same plane or not, as a multilayer structure for instance, by any assembling means like sewing, gluing, stitching and the like.
• nonwovens is meant fibrous materials combined to a binding matrix of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, phenols, epoxy resins, polyester or mixtures thereof.
• Fibrous material includes endless fibers such as filaments, short fibrous structures, short cut fibers, microfibers, multifilaments, cords, yarns, fibers, pulps.
• the fibers may be made into yarns of short fibrous structures which are spun into staple fibers, into yarns of endless fibers or into stretchbroken yarns which can be described as intermediate yarns between staple and continuous yarns.
• “Strand”, as used herein, means an ordered assemblage of fibrous material having a high ratio of length to diameter, preferably having a length at least 1000 times its diameter.
• the strand may be round, flat or may have another cross-sectional shape or it may be a hollow fiber.
• “non composite strand”, is meant a single simple strand by opposition to assembled strands like cotwisted strands, cotextured strands, intermingled strands, core-spun strands and combinations thereof.
• the structure of the invention comprises at least one non composite para-aramid strand.
• Aramids are polymers that are partially, preponderantly or exclusively composed of aromatic rings, which are connected through carbamide bridges or optionally, in addition, also through other bridging structures.
• the structure of such aramids may be elucidated by the following general formula of repeating units:
• A1 and A2 are the same or different and signify aromatic and/or polyaromatic and/or heteroaromatic rings, that may also be substituted.
• A1 and A2 may independently from each other be selected from 1,4-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 1,2-phenylene, 4,4′-biphenylene, 2,6-naphthylene, 1,5-naphthylene, 1,4-naphthylene, phenoxyphenyl-4,4′-diyelen, phenoxyphenyl-3,4′-diylen, 2,5-pyridylene and 2,6-quinolylene which may or may not be substituted by one or more substituents which may comprise halogen, C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl, carboalkoxyl, C1-C4-alkoxyl, acyloxy, nitro, dialkylamino, thioalkyl, carboxyl and sulfony
• These aramids are generally prepared by polymerization of diacid chloride, or the corresponding diacid, and diamine.
• Examples of aramids are poly-m-phenylene-isophthalamide and poly-p-phenylene-terephthalamide.
• X represents O, S, SO2, NR, N2, CR2, CO.
• R represents H, C1-C4-alkyl and Ar1 and Ar2 which may be same or different are selected from 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene and 1,4-phenylene and in which at least one hydrogen atom may be substituted with halogen and/or C1-C4-alkyl.
• Additives may be used with the aramid and, in fact, it has been found that up to as much as 10% by weight, of other polymeric materials may be blended with the aramid or that copolymers may be used having as much as 10% of other diamine substituted for the diamine of the aramid or as much as 10% of other diacid chloride substituted for the diacid chloride of the aramid.
• the non composite para-aramid strand of the invention preferably has an elongation equal to or less than 5%, measured according to ASTM D885-98.
• the para-aramid strands have a modulus of about 10 to about 2500 g/den, preferably of about 1000 to about 2500 g/den, and a tenacity of about 3 to about 50 g/den, preferably of about 3 to about 38 g/den. The modulus and the tenacity are measured according to the ASTM D 885-98 method.
• the structure of the invention may comprise several para-aramid strands. In such a case, these strands are independent from each other.
• the para-aramid strands are present in the structure of the invention in an amount ranging from about 20 to about 99.9%, preferably from about 30% to about 70% by weight, relative to the total weight of the structure.
• the strands are generally spun from an anisotropic spin dope using an air gap spinning process such as is well-known and is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,767,756 or 4,340,559.
• the structure of the invention also comprises at least one nylon strand.
• nylon is meant a strand made from aliphatic polyamide polymers. Suitable nylons in the present invention include polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66), polycaprolactam (nylon 6), polybutyrolactam (nylon 4), poly(9-aminononanoic acid) (nylon 9), polyenantholactam (nylon 7), polycapryllactam (nylon 8) and polyhexamethylene sebacamide (nylon 6,10).
• Preferred nylon is polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66).
• the nylon strand is a textured strand.
• textured strand is meant a strand which has undergone a treatment, like air-injection for instance, in order to intermingle the originally parallel filaments constituting the strand.
• Preferred nylon strands of the invention have an elongation equal to or less than 18%, and a tenacity equal to or less than 10 gpd. The elongation and the tenacity are measured according to ASTM D885-98.
• Nylon strands are generally spun by extrusion of a melt of the polymer through a capillary into a gaseous congealing medium. Such processes are well-known.
• Suitable nylon strands of the invention include the product sold under the tradename “Cordura®” by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Delaware.
• the structure of the invention may comprise several nylon strands.
• the non composite para-aramid strand and the nylon strand are maintained in a parallel relationship to each other in the structure of the invention.
• Parallel means that the angle between one strand along the entirety of its running length and any other strand along the entirety of its running length is about zero. All the strands remain independent and separate from each other. They are not intimately blended, they are not cotwisted, they are not intermingled, not commingled, not interlaced, not intermixed nor textured. One does not wrap any other one, they do not form a core-spun fiber nor a sheath core.
• the non composite para-aramid strand is present in an amount ranging from about 30% to about 70% by weight and the nylon strand is present in an amount ranging from about 30% to about 70% by weight, relative to the weight of the structure.
• the structure of the invention may comprise additional man-made or natural strands.
• additional strands include polyethylene strands, polyester strands, acrylic strands, acetate strands, meta-aramid strands, glass strands, steel strands, ceramic strands, polytetrafluoroethylene strands, cellulosic strands, cofton strands, silk strands, wool strands and mixtures thereof.
• additional strands may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.25 weight % to about 25 weight %, relative to the total weight of the structure, as long as their presence in the structure of the invention does not negatively impact the specific high abrasion and cut resistance of the structure of the invention. These additional strands are also maintained in a parallel relationship to any other strand present in the structure.
• the structure of the invention shows a very good cut resistance.
• the structure of the invention shows a combined normalized index CTPCPI.N, measured as described below, equal or greater than 80 g/mm, more preferably equal or greater than 90 g/mm.
• the structure of the invention also shows a very good abrasion resistance.
• the structure shows an abrasion resistance, measured according to EN 388 method, equal or greater than 1000 cycles, more preferably equal or greater than 3000 cycles.
• the structure shows both a combined normalized index CTPCPI.N, measured as described below, equal or greater than 80 and an abrasion resistance, measured according to EN 388, equal or greater than 1000 cycles.
• the structure of the invention preferably shows a medium weight ranging from about 200 g/m 2 to about 1500 g/m 2 , preferably ranging from about 300 g/m 2 to about 800 g/m 2 , measured according to EN 388 method.
• the structure of the invention is prepared according to any classical textile process allowing for parallel alignment of the strands making the structure: knitting, weaving, unidirectionally laying down, combining the strands with a binding matrix to form a nonwoven.
• the strands are fed directly to the knitting machine or the weaving machine without any prior assembly of any sort.
• the order in which the strands are fed into the needles of the knitting machine remains the same during the whole knitting process.
• Preferred process for making the structure of the invention is the knitting process.
• the structure of the invention may be used in the manufacture of gloves, aprons, sleeves and any protective clothing requiring a high cut resistance and a high abrasion resistance.
• the apparatus was the Martindale wear and abrasion tester, designed to give a controlled amount of abrasion between the fabric surface and the selected abradant at relatively low contact pressure of (9+/ ⁇ 0.2) kPa in continuously changing directions.
• the circular samples were abraded against a standard abrasive glass paper (grade F2 grit 100 quality 117).
• the test is conducted at (23+/ ⁇ 2) ° C. and (50+/ ⁇ 5) % relative humidity.
• the cut resistance was measured according to the “Standard test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in protective Clothing”, ASTM Standard F 1790-97.
• the blades were stainless steel cutter blades with a sharp edge of 70 mm, which were calibrated using a load of 4 N on a neoprene sheet of about (1.57+/ ⁇ 10%) mm and a hardness of (50+/ ⁇ 5) shore A. This was performed at the beginning and at the end of the test. A new blade was used for each measurement, i.e. each load.
• the sample was a rectangular piece of textile of 50 ⁇ 100 millimeters placed at a react of 45 degrees.
• the mandrel was a rounded electroconductive bar with a radius of 38 millimeters and the sample was mounted onto it using double-face tapes.
• the cutting edge was drawn across the textile on the mandrel at a right angle with the longitudinal axis of the mandrel. Cut through was recorded when the cutting edge makes electrical contact with the mandrel.
• the normalized forces were reported as the cut resistance forces, respectively NL1 and NL2 expressed in grams for a cut length of 25.4 mm and 10 mm.
• the test is conducted at (23+/ ⁇ 2)° C. and (50+/ ⁇ 5) % relative humidity.
• CTPCPI [ NL1 25.4 + NL2 10 ] / 2 ⁇ [ grams mm ]
• the synthetic fiber staples were produced from short para-aramid fibers of 38 mm length as per the state of the art spinning process used for the production of para-aramid staple yarns.
• the para-aramid short fibers were obtained by cuffing continuous filament para-aramid yarns made of 1000 filaments of 1.5 dpf (1.6dtex) each.
• the synthetic fiber staples were produced from short aliphatic polyamide nylon 66 fibers of 38 mm length as per the state of the art spinning process used for the production of aliphatic polyamide staple yarns.
• the aliphatic polyamide short fibers were obtained by cutting continuous filament yarns made filaments of 1.9 dtex each.
• Examples 1 and 2 are comparative Examples.
• Example 3 is an example according to the invention. In order for the results to be comparative, all three examples were realized for a relatively constant value of the total dtex (which is representative of the linear density of a fiber) and a relatively constant value of the mass per surface area.
• the abrasion resistance measured was 900 cycles.
• the forces measured in the cut resistance test were 821 g for a cut length of 25.4 mm and 1666 g for a cut distance of 10 mm.
• the combined CTPCPI.N normalized index was given by the following calculation [(821/25.4+1666/10)/2] ⁇ 800/800 and equaled 99 g/mm.
• CTPCPI.N of example 2 reveals an approximate 40% inferior cut resistance compared to example 1. On the other side the abrasion resistance of example 2 is three times superior to the one of example 1.
• Each sample had therefore a total dtex of 3622 (three times 714 dtex plus four times 370 dtex).
• Each sample comprised 50.1% by weight, of non composite para-aramid strand relative to the weight of the sample, and 40.1% by weight, of nylon strand, relative to the weight of the sample.
• the abrasion resistance measured was 6000 cycles.
• the forces measured in the cut resistance test were 1170 g for a cut length of 25.4 mm and 1400 g for a cut distance of 10 mm.
• the combined CTPCPI.N normalized index was given by the following calculation [(1170/25.4+1400/10)/2] ⁇ 800/843 and equaled 88 g/mm.
• CTPCPI.N of Example 3 reveals an approximate equal cut resistance compared to Example 1.
• the abrasion resistance of Example 3 is six times superior to the one of Example 1 and surprisingly two times superior to the one of Example 2.
• Example 1 Example 2
• Example 3 comparative (comparative) (comparative) (invention)
• Total dtex 3570 3700 3622 w % of p-aramid strands 100 0 59 Mass per square 800 826 843 area (g/m 2 )
• CTPCPI.N in g/mm 99 59 88
• Abrasion resistance 900 3000 6000 in cycles

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Gloves (AREA)
• Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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Cited By (8)

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Citations (14)

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• 2002
  • 2002-07-18 US US10/198,614 patent/US20040011088A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2003
  • 2003-07-15 BR BR0312748-6A patent/BR0312748A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-07-15 MX MXPA05000589A patent/MXPA05000589A/es unknown
  • 2003-07-15 JP JP2004523435A patent/JP2005533198A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-07-15 WO PCT/US2003/022126 patent/WO2004009893A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2003-07-15 CA CA002492819A patent/CA2492819A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-07-15 AU AU2003249277A patent/AU2003249277A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-07-15 KR KR1020057000819A patent/KR20050025614A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-07-15 CN CNA038171309A patent/CN1668798A/zh active Pending
  • 2003-07-15 EP EP03765592A patent/EP1534886A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (14)

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