US20030188324A1 - P300 transgenic animal - Google Patents

P300 transgenic animal Download PDF

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US20030188324A1
US20030188324A1 US10/332,966 US33296603A US2003188324A1 US 20030188324 A1 US20030188324 A1 US 20030188324A1 US 33296603 A US33296603 A US 33296603A US 2003188324 A1 US2003188324 A1 US 2003188324A1
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Koji Hasegawa
Yosuke Kawase
Hiroshi Suzuki
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Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Chugai Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Assigned to HASEGAWA, KOJI, CHUGAI SEIYAKU KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment HASEGAWA, KOJI ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HASEGAWA, KOJI, KAWASE, YOSUKE, SUZUKI, HIROSHI
Publication of US20030188324A1 publication Critical patent/US20030188324A1/en
Priority to US11/827,438 priority Critical patent/US7906701B2/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
    • C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
    • A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
    • A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
    • A01K67/0278—Knock-in vertebrates, e.g. humanised vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/04—Inotropic agents, i.e. stimulants of cardiac contraction; Drugs for heart failure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
    • C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
    • C07K14/4702—Regulators; Modulating activity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2207/00—Modified animals
    • A01K2207/15—Humanized animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
    • A01K2217/05—Animals comprising random inserted nucleic acids (transgenic)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
    • A01K2227/10—Mammal
    • A01K2227/105—Murine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
    • A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
    • A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
    • A01K2267/035—Animal model for multifactorial diseases
    • A01K2267/0375—Animal model for cardiovascular diseases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2830/00—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription
    • C12N2830/008—Vector systems having a special element relevant for transcription cell type or tissue specific enhancer/promoter combination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an animal into which DNA encoding p300 (hereinafter referred to as “p300 gene”) is introduced so as to be expressed in myocardial cells, and a screening method using the same animal.
  • p300 gene DNA encoding p300
  • the heart is an organ with the unique function of continually repeated contraction and relaxation.
  • Myocardial cells which are the main components of the heart, maintain division potential after differentiation, and keep actively dividing and proliferating during the prenatal period. However, they lose their division potential at the time of birth, and thereafter the growth of the heart is dependent on the growth in size of individual myocardial cells (physiological hypertrophy).
  • Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory mechanism having a limitation and does not reduce contraction function of the heart in itself.
  • a high hypertrophy exceeding the limitation causes biochemical changes in the myocardial cells, so that the heart suffers contraction dysfunction (heart failure).
  • Hasegawa et al. reported that GATA transcription factors played an important role in intracellular signal transduction at the onset of heart failure (Hasegawa K et al.: Circulation 1997;96:3943-3953).
  • Morimoto et al. reported that among the GATA transcription factors, GATA-5 played a particularly important role (Morimoto T et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 1999;274:12811-12818).
  • the present invention has been made against this technical background, and an object of the present invention is to provide a model animal to be affected by heart failure, which is useful to elucidate the onset mechanism of heart failure.
  • the present inventors have focused their attention on p300 from among various factors associated with the onset of heart failure, and found it possible to develop a pathology nearly identical to heart failure by introducing a p300 gene into an animal. They have accomplished the present invention based on this finding.
  • the present invention is a transgenic animal wherein a p300 gene and a promoter exerting its activity in myocardial cells are introduced.
  • the present invention is a screening method of a substance having therapeutic activity for heart failure, which comprises the following steps:
  • the present invention is a substance obtained by the above screening method.
  • the present invention is a heart failure therapeutic agent containing as an active component a substance obtained by the above screening method.
  • the transgenic animal of the present invention has the feature that a p300 gene and a promoter exerting its activity in myocardial cells are introduced.
  • the transgenic animal of the present invention is characterized by that a p300 gene and a promoter exerting its activity in myocardial cells are introduced thereinto.
  • the animal may be any kind of animal except human, but preferable examples of the animal include mice, rats, rabbits, miniature pigs, and pigs.
  • p300 gene for example, p300 gene (SEQ ID NO: 1) derived from human can be used, but any p300 genes other than this may be used.
  • a promoter to be introduced has activity in myocardial cells and increases its activity as the animal grows, it is not particularly limited.
  • ⁇ -myosin heavy chain promoter SEQ ID NO:2
  • This promoter shows low activity during the prenatal period and increases its activity as the animal grows. Accordingly, it is possible by using this promoter to prevent the animal from developing heart failure and dying at a stage when the animal is not sufficiently matured.
  • the transgenic animal of the present invention can be, for example, produced as follows.
  • a vector carrying a p300 gene and a promoter exerting its activity in myocardial cells is prepared.
  • a p300 gene derived from a human can be prepared based on the sequence described in SEQ ID NO:1. Further, the sequences of other p300 genes are open to the public in GenBank managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA. Thus, based on these sequences, the p300 gene can be prepared.
  • ⁇ -myosin heavy chain promoter which is one of the promoters having activity in myocardial cells can be prepared based on the sequence described in SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the p300 gene and the promoter exerting its activity in myocardial cells, both prepared as above, are inserted into a commercially available vector, e.g. pBluescript II, thereby preparing a target vector.
  • An expression cassette is excised from the prepared vector and introduced into a totipotent cell.
  • a totipotent cell a fertilized egg, an early embryo, an ES cell, etc. can be used.
  • the introduction of the expression cassettes into the totipotent cells can be performed by the electrostatic pulse method, liposome method, calcium phosphate method, microinjection method, etc.
  • the transgenic animal of the present invention shows pathologies specific to heart failure such as cardiac hypertrophy or excessive synthesis of endothelin-1 in the heart muscle, and therefore it can be used as a model animal for heart failure.
  • test substance is administered to the transgenic animal of the present invention, and thereafter the screening of substances having therapeutic activity for heart failure can be performed by confirming whether or not cardiac hypertrophy is suppressed in this animal.
  • test substance is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include peptides, proteins, nonpeptidic compounds, synthetic compounds, and fermented products, cell extracts.
  • the administration means of the test substance is not particularly limited, but oral administration, injection administration, etc. are exemplified.
  • Whether or not cardiac hypertrophy is suppressed is determined by extirpating the heart of the transgenic animal to which the test substance is administered, measuring the weight of that heart, and then comparing that weight with the weight of the heart from the control (the transgenic animal to which the test substance is not administered). Further, the occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy can be confirmed by echocardiography, etc., and thus the occurrence of the suppression is determined. Furthermore, as cardiac hypertrophy occurs, excessive synthesis of atrial natriuretic peptides or expression of ⁇ -myosin heavy chain genes is observed. Accordingly, these can be used as indices for determining the occurrence of the suppression.
  • ⁇ -myosin heavy chain genes are confirmed by the method of Hasegawa et al. (Hasegawa K et al.: Circulation 1977:96:3943-3953).
  • the occurrence of the suppression of cardiac hypertrophy may be determined by mortality rate, because there is a high probability that the transgenic animal of the present invention develops heart failure unless cardiac hypertrophy is suppressed, thereby leading to death.
  • the substance obtained by the above screening method has therapeutic activity for heart failure
  • the substance is formulated by a known pharmaceutical production method and can be used as a therapeutic or preventive agent for heart failure.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structures of pCMVwtp300, ⁇ -MHC clone 26, and p ⁇ MHC-p300.
  • FIG. 2 shows the results of Southern hybridization carried out in Example 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows the results of Western blotting carried out in Example 3.
  • FIG. 4 is a group of graphs ( 4 A to 4 F) illustrating comparisons of mice, by ages in months, among measurement values by echocardiography carried out in Example 6.
  • FIG. 5 shows M-mode echocardiography carried out in Example 6, and each measurement value.
  • a pCMVwtp300 was treated with NotI and HindIII, a fragment carrying a p300 gene was excised, and thereafter NotI restriction site of this fragment was blunted.
  • ⁇ -MHC Clone 26 accession no. U71441 carrying an ⁇ -myosin heavy chain promoter ( ⁇ MHC promoter) was treated with SalI and HindIII, and thereafter SalI restriction site was blunted and the above described fragment carrying the p300 gene (Eckner, R. et al.: Genes Dev. 1994:8:869-884, accession no.U01877) was inserted into this restriction site. Then, p ⁇ MHC-p300 carrying ⁇ MHC promoter and the p300 gene were prepared.
  • FIG. 1 The structures of pCMVwtp300, ⁇ -MHC Clone26, and p ⁇ MHC-p300 are shown in FIG. 1. It is noted that pCMVwtp300 and ⁇ -MHC Clone26 were furnished from Drs. Richard Eckner and David M. Livingston (Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.) and Robbins, J. (Molecular Card. Biol., Children's Hospital, Cincinati, Ohio), respectively.
  • p ⁇ MHC-p300 was digested by NotI and a fragment carrying ⁇ MHC promoter and p300 gene was excised. After adjusting the concentration of this DNA fragment to 3 ng/ ⁇ l, the DNA fragment was injected into a frozen-thawed pronuclear stage fertilized egg, which had been taken from a C57BL/6J strain mouse (Clea Japan, Inc.) and cryopreserved. The injection of the DNA into the fertilized egg was performed by microinjection method (Ueda Otoya et al.: Latest Technology of Gene Targeting: 2000:190-207).
  • Sense primer TCTTAGCAAACCTCAGGCAC (corresponding to 5230 to 5249 of SEQ ID NO:2)
  • Antisense primer CCACCATTGGTTAGTCCCAA (corresponding to 1356 to 1375 of SEQ ID NO:1)
  • mice 21, 39, and 40 strains were crossed with wild type of C57BL/6J mice to obtain the offsprings. Whether or not these offspring mice have the introduced gene was checked by the same Southern blotting method as described above. The following table shows sex of the offspring mice and the presence or absence of the introduced gene. TABLE 1 Presence or absence Parent Individual of an introduced Strain No.
  • mRNAs were prepared and RT-PCR was conducted using the mRNAs as templates.
  • the preparation of mRNAs from each organ was conducted in accordance with the manual of RNA extract reagent “ISOGEN” (Nippon Gene Co., Ltd.).
  • RT-PCR was conducted as follows, in accordance with the manual of “mRNA Selective PCR kit” (TaKaRa).
  • the RT reaction mixture having the composition shown in Table 2 was prepared and reacted: for 10 minutes at 30° C.; for 22 minutes at 46° C.; and for 5 minutes at 5° C.
  • a PCR reaction mixture was prepared from various reagents and the above RT reaction mixture having the composition shown in Table 3, and then RT-PCR was conducted under the reaction condition of: 40 cycles (heating and cooling) of 30 seconds at 85° C., 30 seconds at 55° C., and 60 seconds at 72° C.
  • the primers used were as follows.
  • Sense primer GCA ACA GGT GCT TAG TAT CC (corresponding to 7400 to 7419 bases of p300 gene (SEQ ID NO:1))
  • Antisense primer CTG TTG CAT GTG ATG CTG CA (corresponding to 7879 to 7898 bases of p300 gene (SEQ ID NO:1))
  • FIG. 2 The results of RT-Southern hybridization on the transgenic mouse are shown in FIG. 2. As shown in this figure, in the case of the transgenic mouse, p300 genes were expressed only in the heart and not expressed in other organs. And in the case of the wild type mice, p300 genes were not expressed even in the heart thereof. (not shown in the figure).
  • Myocardial cells were taken from transgenic mice (individual nos. 5, 9 and 36) and wild type mice (individual nos. 8, 12 and 35), and proteins were extracted from these cells. Protein extraction was performed in accordance with the method of Hasegawa et al. (Hasegawa K. et al.: Circulation 1997:96:3943-3953). The proteins derived from myocardial cells were examined by Western blotting using anti-human p300 antibodies (CT-Power ClonalTM, Upstate Biotechnology Inc.) for confirming whether or not they contain p300. The antibodies are capable of reacting with endogenous mouse p300 not only human-derived p300 that is an expression product of the introduced gene, but also with. The Western blotting was performed in accordance with the method of Morimoto et al. (Morimoto T et al.: The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000:275:13721-13726).
  • FIG. 3 The results of the Western blotting are shown in FIG. 3. As shown in this figure, although p300 was detected from wild type mice (WT), the amount thereof was far less than that of the transgenic mice (TG).
  • mice (individual nos. 1, 3, 7, 20, 32, 34, 51, and 56) and wild type mice (individual nos. 2, 33, 49, 55, and 59) were anesthetized with pentobarbital and the hearts were extirpated.
  • the atria were removed from the heart of each mouse, and the right and left ventricles of the heart were washed with cold physiological saline.
  • the right and left ventricles were put into a Polytron homogenizer with 9 mol/L acetic acid aqueous solution (containing 0.1% Triton-X) and homogenized for 30 seconds, boiled for 7 minutes, and then centrifuged (2000 g, 30 minutes, 4° C.). The supernatant thereof was taken and stored at ⁇ 80° C.
  • the transgenic mice had noticeably larger amounts endothelin-1 in the cardiac muscles than the wild type mice.
  • the heart to total body weight ratios of the transgenic mice were approximately 10 to 30% higher than those of the wild type mice.
  • mice were anesthetized with ketamine (50 mg/kg) and xylazine (2.5 mg/kg), and transthoracic echocardiography was performed with a cardiac ultrasound recorder (Toshiba Power Vision SSA-380A), using a 7.5-MHz transducer.
  • ketamine 50 mg/kg
  • xylazine 2.5 mg/kg
  • transthoracic echocardiography was performed with a cardiac ultrasound recorder (Toshiba Power Vision SSA-380A), using a 7.5-MHz transducer.
  • LDDd left ventricular end-diastolic dimension
  • LLDs left ventricular end-systolic dimension
  • %FS left ventricular fractional shortening
  • HR Heart rate (beat/min)
  • (LV)Dd Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (unit: mm)
  • (LV)Ds Left ventricular end-systolic dimension (unit: mm)
  • IVST Interventricular septum thickness (unit: mm)
  • LVPWT Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (unit: mm)
  • %FS Left ventricular fractional shortening TABLE 7 Parent Expression Age in strain ID No. type Sex months HR Dd Ds IVST LVPWT % FS 39 334 Transgenic F 2 570 2.2 0.6 0.8 1.1 72.7 335 Transgenic F 2 517 2.1 0.9 0.6 0.8 57.1 336 Wild type F 2 337 Wild type F 2 338 Wild type F 2 39 339 Wild type M 2 556 3 1.3 0.9 0.7 56.7 340 Transgenic M 2 500 3.7 2.1 0.7 0.8 43.2 341 Wild type M 2 517 2.9 1 0.6 0.6 65.5 342 Transgenic M 2 2.9 1.3 0.8 1 55.2 343 Wild type M 2 584 3.1 1.1 0.9 1.2 64.5 39 280 Transgenic F 6 600 4.7 3.9 0.8 0.7 17.0 281 Transgenic F 6 652 4.6 3.3 1 0.8 28.3 284 Wild type F 6 450 3.1 1 1.1 0.8 67.7 285 Wild type F 6 506 2.5 0.7 0.8 1.5
  • the present invention provides a novel transgenic animal. This transgenic animal is useful for elucidation of the onset mechanism of heart failure and development of therapeutic agents for heart failure.
  • SEQ ID NO:3 A sense primer used for PCR in Example 1
  • SEQ ID NO: 4 An antisense primer used for PCR in Example 1
  • SEQ ID NO: 5 A sense primer used for PCR in Example 2
  • SEQ ID NO: 6 An antisense primer used for PCR in Example 2

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