US20030000376A1 - Swash plate of swash plate type compressor - Google Patents
Swash plate of swash plate type compressor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20030000376A1 US20030000376A1 US10/169,440 US16944002A US2003000376A1 US 20030000376 A1 US20030000376 A1 US 20030000376A1 US 16944002 A US16944002 A US 16944002A US 2003000376 A1 US2003000376 A1 US 2003000376A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- swash plate
- slide
- layer
- metal layer
- contact
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B27/00—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B27/08—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B27/10—Multi-cylinder pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids and characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinders coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B27/1036—Component parts, details, e.g. sealings, lubrication
- F04B27/1054—Actuating elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0469—Other heavy metals
- F05C2201/0475—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/14—Self lubricating materials; Solid lubricants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
- F05C2253/12—Coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a swash plate type compressor, and more particularly, to a swash plate having a surface, which contacts shoes, with a slide-contact film formed thereon in a swash plate type compressor that transmits the rotational force of the swash plate to pistons by means of shoes to reciprocally move the pistons.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2-267371 pistons of a swash plate type compressor are reciprocally moved by the rotating action of a swash plate, which rotates integrally with a rotary shaft. Shoes are arranged between the peripheral portion of the swash plate and the pistons. The rotational force of the swash plate is transmitted to the pistons by means of the shoes. The shoes, which are made of a steel material, contact the rotating swash plate. Thus, the slide-contact portion between the shoes and the swash plate may wear out, and seizure may occur between the shoes and the swash plate. The slide-contact characteristic of the swash plate with respect to the shoes must therefore be improved.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2-267371 discloses a swash plate having a metal layer formed on the surface of the swash plate that comes into contact with the shoes. The metal layer is formed by sintering or spraying a copper bearing alloy.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2-267371 discloses a swash plate having a resin layer, which includes a solid lubricant, formed on the metal layer by spraying copper. Further, the formation of a plating layer on the metal layer has been proposed in the prior art.
- the resin layer, which is formed by means of spraying, or the plating layer contribute to preventing cracking of the slide-contact film or seizure but do not obtain desirable results from the viewpoint of slide-contact (sliding) characteristic with respect to the shoes.
- a first perspective of the present invention provides a swash plate of a swash plate type compressor that transmits the rotating force of the swash plate, which rotates integrally with a rotary shaft, to a piston by means of a shoe to reciprocally move the piston.
- the swash plate rotates while contact occurs between the shoe and a slide-contact surface.
- the swash plate includes a slide-contact film having a metal layer, which is formed on the slide-contact surface of the swash plate through sintering, and a resin layer or a plating layer, which is formed on the metal layer.
- a second perspective of the present invention provides a swash plate type compressor including a rotary shaft, a swash plate rotated integrally with the rotary shaft, a shoe that contacts a slide-contact surface of the swash plate when the swash plate rotates, and a piston connected to swash plate by means of the shoe.
- the swash plate includes a slide-contact film having a metal layer, which is formed on the slide-contact surface of the swash plate through sintering, and a resin layer or a plating layer, which is formed on the metal layer.
- FIG. 1( a ) is a cross-sectional side view of a swash plate type compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1( b ) is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the main portion of the compressor of FIG. 1( a ).
- FIG. 2( a ) is a front view showing a swash plate having a surface on which a metal layer is partially formed
- FIG. 2( b ) is a front view showing the swash plate with a resin layer formed on the surface of the metal layer.
- FIG. 3 is a side view showing an apparatus for forming the metal layer.
- variable displacement compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 .
- FIG. 1( a ) shows the internal structure of the variable displacement compressor.
- the variable displacement compressor includes a front housing 12 , which defines a control pressure chamber 121 , and a cylinder block 11 .
- a rotary shaft 13 is supported in the housings 11 , 12 .
- the rotary shaft 13 is rotated by drive force, which is transmitted from an external drive source (e.g., vehicle engine).
- a circular rotary support 14 is secured to the rotary shaft 13 to support a circular swash plate 15 so that the swash plate 15 is slidable and inclinable in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 13 .
- a support body 151 is formed integrally with the swash plate 15 , which is made of a steel material.
- Guide pins 16 are attached to the support body 151 .
- the guide pins 16 are slidably fitted in guide holes 141 , which are formed in the rotary support 14 .
- the swash plate 15 is inclinable in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 13 and integrally rotatable with the rotary shaft 13 by the cooperation between the guide holes 141 and the guide pins 16 .
- the inclination of the swash plate 15 is guided by the slide-guide relationship between the guide holes 141 and the guide pins 16 , and the slide support function of the rotary shaft 13 .
- the inclination angle of the swash plate 15 is changed by controlling the pressure of the control pressure chamber 121 .
- the pressure in the control pressure chamber 121 increases, the inclination angle of the swash plate 15 decreases.
- the inclination angle of the swash plate 15 increases.
- Refrigerant flows from the control pressure chamber 121 via a pressure releasing passage, which is not shown, to a suction chamber 191 , which is formed in a rear housing 19 .
- refrigerant is supplied from a discharge chamber 192 , which is formed in the rear housing 19 , to the control pressure chamber 121 via a pressure supply passage, which is not shown.
- a displacement control valve 25 is arranged in the pressure supply passage.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant supplied from the discharge chamber 192 to the control pressure chamber 121 is controlled by the displacement control valve 25 .
- the pressure in the control pressure chamber 121 increases.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant supplied from the discharge chamber 192 to the control pressure chamber 121 decreases, the pressure in the control pressure chamber 121 decreases. Accordingly, the inclination angle of the swash plate 15 is controlled by the displacement control valve 25 .
- the maximum inclination angle of the swash plate 15 is determined by the contact between the swash plate 15 and the rotary support 14 .
- the minimum inclination angle of the swash plate 15 is determined by the contact between a snap ring 24 on the rotary shaft 13 and the swash plate 15 .
- a plurality of cylinder bores 111 are arranged about the rotary shaft 13 in the cylinder block 11 .
- a piston 17 is retained in each cylinder bore 111 .
- a holding portion 171 is formed in one end of the piston 17 .
- a pair of opposed spherical recess portions 172 , 173 are formed in the holding portion 171 .
- semispherical shoes 18 are held in the recess portions 172 , 173 not to be spilled therefrom.
- the rotating action of the swash plate 15 which rotates integrally with the rotary shaft 13 , is converted to the forward and rearward reciprocating action of the piston 17 by the semispherical shoes 18 to move the piston 17 forward and rearward in the cylinder bore 111 .
- the pair of shoes 18 are made of a steel material and slidably contact slide-contact surfaces 30 , 31 of the swash plate 15 .
- the reciprocating movement of the pistons 17 causes the refrigerant in the suction chamber 191 to open suction valves 211 , which are formed in a valve formation plate 21 , and flow into the cylinder bores 111 through suction ports 201 , which are formed in a valve plate 20 .
- the reciprocating movement of the pistons 17 (movement from the left to the right, as viewed in FIG.
- valve 1( a ) causes the refrigerant that entered the cylinder bores 111 to open discharge valves 221 , which are formed in a valve formation plate 22 , and flow into the discharge chamber 192 through discharge ports 202 , which are formed in the valve plate 20 .
- the discharge valves 221 contact retainers 231 , which are formed on a retainer formation plate 23 , so that its opened degree is restricted.
- the discharge chamber 192 and the suction chamber 191 are connected to each other by an external refrigerant circuit 26 .
- the refrigerant sent to the external refrigerant circuit 26 from the discharge chamber 192 flows through a condenser 27 , an expansion valve 28 , and an evaporator 29 and returns to the suction chamber 191 .
- slide-contact films 32 , 33 are formed on a front surface 152 and a rear surface 153 of the peripheral portion of the swash plate 15 .
- the slide-contact film 32 has a double-layer structure comprising a metal layer 321 , which is formed, through sintering, on the front surface (slide-contact surface) 152 that has a slide-contact section corresponding with the shoes 18 , and a resin layer 322 , which is formed on the metal layer 321 .
- the slide-contact film 33 has a double-layer structure comprising a metal layer 331 , which is formed, through sintering, on the rear surface (slide-contact surface) 153 that has a slide-contact section corresponding with the shoes 18 , and a resin layer 332 , which is formed on the metal layer 331 .
- the resin layer 322 is made of a material obtained by dispersing a solid lubricant in resin.
- molybdenum disulfide and graphite are used as the solid lubricant, and thermosetting polyamide imide is used as the resin.
- the metal layers 321 , 331 are formed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3.
- the swash plate 15 is attached to a rotary holding mechanism 35 , which is rotated by a motor 34 in the direction of arrow Q 1 .
- Fine copper particles are deposited on the front surface 152 of the peripheral portion of the swash plate 15 , which is attached to the rotary holding mechanism 35 , to form a layer that is greater than or equal to a predetermined thickness.
- S 1 denotes the layer of fine particles deposited on the front surface 152 .
- a roller 37 which is attached to an output shaft 361 of the motor 36 , is moved reciprocally in directions of arrow Q 2 (vertical direction) by a space maintaining mechanism 38 .
- the roller 37 has the form of a truncated cone.
- the roller 37 is arranged so that its rotating axis extends through the swash plate 15 near the center P of the swash plate 15 and the minimum space between the conical surface of the roller 37 and the front surface 152 of the swash plate 15 is equal to the predetermined thickness.
- the motors 34 , 36 are synchronously rotated, and the roller 37 rolls along the front surface 152 of the swash plate 15 in the circumferential direction of the swash plate 15 without being relatively displaced. That is, the layer of copper particles on the front surface 152 is pressed by the roller 37 so that it has the predetermined thickness.
- the layer of copper particles having the predetermined thickness is sintered in an oxygen-free state to form the metal layer 321 .
- the thickness adjustment by the roller 37 and the sintering treatment is also performed on the rear surface 153 of the swash plate 15 to form the metal layer 331 .
- a fluid resin coating which includes a solid lubricant, is applied to the surface of the metal layers 321 , 331 .
- S 2 denotes a coating film of the resin coating. After drying the coating film S 2 , the coating film S 2 is baked and hardened at 200° C. to 300° C. to form the resin layers 322 , 332 .
- variable displacement compressor has the advantages described below.
- Layers of copper metal particles are formed on the front and rear surfaces 152 , 153 of the swash plate 15 , and the layers are sintered to form intended surface with fine pits and lands in the surfaces of the metal layers 321 , 331 .
- the fluid resin coating which includes a solid lubricant, enters the pits of the surface. Accordingly, the contact area of the metal layers 321 , 331 relative to the resin coating of the sintered surface is greater than the contact area of a surface that does not have the pits and lands relative to the resin coating. That is, the bonding capacity of the resin coating relative to the surface of the metal layers 321 , 331 is high.
- the state of the pits and lands in the surface of the metal layers 321 , 331 is affected by the particle diameter of the metal particles.
- the sintered surface of the metal layers 321 , 331 in which the particle diameter of the metal particles is optimally set, has a pit and land state that is preferable as a bonding subject surface of resin.
- the layer thickness of the metal layers 321 , 331 is set at about 60 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m.
- the layer thickness is obtained by adjusting the thickness of the copper particle layers, which are formed on the front and rear surfaces 152 , 153 , to the desired layer thickness of the metal layers 321 , 331 .
- the thickness of the copper particle layers is set by adjusting the position of the rollers 37 relative to the front and rear surfaces 152 , 153 of the swash plate 15 . Such adjustment of the position of roller 37 is simple. Accordingly, the desired layer thickness of the metal layers 321 , 333 is easily obtained.
- the metal layers 321 , 331 have the desired layer thickness subsequent to sintering, the metal layers 321 , 331 do not have to be ground to obtain the desired thickness.
- the elimination of the grinding process of the metal layers 321 , 331 facilitates the procedure for forming the slide-contact films 32 , 33 .
- the thickness of the resin layer is uniform when applied on the sintered metal layers 321 , 331 .
- a metal layer, which is formed through spraying, has relatively large pores. When such large pores are exposed from the surface of the metal layer, the thickness of the coating layer of the resin coating is not uniform, and the formation of a slide-contact film having a uniform coating thickness becomes difficult.
- the swash plate 15 and the shoes 18 are both made of steel materials. Thus, if the shoes 18 were to come into direct slide-contact with the front and rear surfaces 152 , 153 , seizure would occur at an early stage. The same type of materials is an inadequate combination from the viewpoint of seizure when they come into contact with each other. Even if the shoes 18 come into direct contact with the metal layers 321 , 331 , since the metal layers 321 , 331 are made of a copper material, which differs from the material of the shoes 18 , seizure is prevented from occurring at an early stage.
- a mixture of solid lubricant and resin is effective for improving the slide-contact characteristic of a slide-contact film, which includes a metal layer.
- the mixture of molybdenum disulfide, graphite, and polyamide imide is extremely effective for improving the contact characteristic of the slide-contact films 32 , 33 .
- the front and rear surfaces 152 , 153 of the swash plate 15 are flat and are thus preferable for uniformly depositing the layers of metal particles with the desired thickness.
- the resin layers may be altered to plating layers.
- the same effects as advantage (1) in the above embodiment guarantees the bonding of the metal layers 321 , 331 , which are formed through sintering, with the plating layers.
- a nickel plating or a cobalt plating may be given as the types of plating
- electroplating, chemical plating, or electroless plating may be given as the types of plating processes.
- a composite plating which disperses a solid lubricant in the plating, is formed, the slide-contact characteristic between a swash plate and shoes is further improved.
- tungsten disulfide boron nitride, antimony oxide, indium, tin, and so forth may be used as the solid lubricant.
- a double-layer structure including a first metal layer, which has a relative small particle diameter, and a second metal layer, which has a relatively large particle diameter, may be formed, and a resin layer may be formed on the second metal layer to form a slide-contact film.
- the fine pits and lands in the surface of the second metal layer increase the bonding capacity of a resin layer.
- the metal layers of such double-layer structure is obtained by depositing metal particles having a relatively small particle diameter on the peripheral surface of the swash plate to a predetermined thickness to form a first deposit layer, then depositing metal particles having a relatively large particle diameter on the first deposit layer to a predetermined thickness to form a second deposit layer, and then sintering the first and second deposit layers. The sintering simultaneously forms two metal layers.
- An aluminum material may be formed for the metal layers.
- the silicon content of the first metal layer, which is formed on the surface of the swash plate be small and that the silicon content of the second metal layer, to which a resin layer is applied, be large.
- the silicon content is small, the bonding strength of the first metal layer with respect to the surface of the swash plate is large.
- the silicon content is increased, the contact characteristic of the second metal layer, to which the resin layer is applied, is improved.
- the present invention may be applied to a swash plate made of an aluminum material to reduce weight.
- the present invention may be applied to a swash plate of a fixed displacement swash plate type compressor.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A swash plate (15) of a swash plate type compressor includes a slide-contact film (32, 33) having a metal layer, which is formed on a slide-contact surface (152, 153), which slide-contacts shoes (18), through sintering, and a resin layer (322, 332), which is formed on the metal layer. By using the metal layer, which is formed through sintering, the bonding of the resin layer and the metal layer is guaranteed, deficiencies such as cracking of a slide film and seizure are prevented, and the slide-contact characteristic relative to the shoes is improved.
Description
- The present invention relates to a swash plate type compressor, and more particularly, to a swash plate having a surface, which contacts shoes, with a slide-contact film formed thereon in a swash plate type compressor that transmits the rotational force of the swash plate to pistons by means of shoes to reciprocally move the pistons.
- As disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2-267371, pistons of a swash plate type compressor are reciprocally moved by the rotating action of a swash plate, which rotates integrally with a rotary shaft. Shoes are arranged between the peripheral portion of the swash plate and the pistons. The rotational force of the swash plate is transmitted to the pistons by means of the shoes. The shoes, which are made of a steel material, contact the rotating swash plate. Thus, the slide-contact portion between the shoes and the swash plate may wear out, and seizure may occur between the shoes and the swash plate. The slide-contact characteristic of the swash plate with respect to the shoes must therefore be improved. Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2-267371 discloses a swash plate having a metal layer formed on the surface of the swash plate that comes into contact with the shoes. The metal layer is formed by sintering or spraying a copper bearing alloy.
- However, the metal layer, which is formed by spraying the copper bearing alloy, may result in the occurrence of deficiencies, such as cracking of the slide-contact film or seizure. Accordingly, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2-267371 discloses a swash plate having a resin layer, which includes a solid lubricant, formed on the metal layer by spraying copper. Further, the formation of a plating layer on the metal layer has been proposed in the prior art. The resin layer, which is formed by means of spraying, or the plating layer contribute to preventing cracking of the slide-contact film or seizure but do not obtain desirable results from the viewpoint of slide-contact (sliding) characteristic with respect to the shoes.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a swash plate of a swash plate type compressor that prevents the occurrence of deficiencies, such as cracking of the slide-contact film or seizure, while improving the slide-contact characteristic with respect to the shoes.
- A first perspective of the present invention provides a swash plate of a swash plate type compressor that transmits the rotating force of the swash plate, which rotates integrally with a rotary shaft, to a piston by means of a shoe to reciprocally move the piston. The swash plate rotates while contact occurs between the shoe and a slide-contact surface. The swash plate includes a slide-contact film having a metal layer, which is formed on the slide-contact surface of the swash plate through sintering, and a resin layer or a plating layer, which is formed on the metal layer.
- A second perspective of the present invention provides a swash plate type compressor including a rotary shaft, a swash plate rotated integrally with the rotary shaft, a shoe that contacts a slide-contact surface of the swash plate when the swash plate rotates, and a piston connected to swash plate by means of the shoe. The swash plate includes a slide-contact film having a metal layer, which is formed on the slide-contact surface of the swash plate through sintering, and a resin layer or a plating layer, which is formed on the metal layer.
- FIG. 1(a) is a cross-sectional side view of a swash plate type compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1(b) is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the main portion of the compressor of FIG. 1(a).
- FIG. 2(a) is a front view showing a swash plate having a surface on which a metal layer is partially formed, and FIG. 2(b) is a front view showing the swash plate with a resin layer formed on the surface of the metal layer.
- FIG. 3 is a side view showing an apparatus for forming the metal layer.
- A variable displacement compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to FIGS.1 to 3.
- FIG. 1(a) shows the internal structure of the variable displacement compressor. The variable displacement compressor includes a
front housing 12, which defines acontrol pressure chamber 121, and acylinder block 11. Arotary shaft 13 is supported in thehousings rotary shaft 13 is rotated by drive force, which is transmitted from an external drive source (e.g., vehicle engine). A circular rotary support 14 is secured to therotary shaft 13 to support acircular swash plate 15 so that theswash plate 15 is slidable and inclinable in the axial direction of therotary shaft 13. - A
support body 151 is formed integrally with theswash plate 15, which is made of a steel material.Guide pins 16 are attached to thesupport body 151. Theguide pins 16 are slidably fitted inguide holes 141, which are formed in the rotary support 14. Theswash plate 15 is inclinable in the axial direction of therotary shaft 13 and integrally rotatable with therotary shaft 13 by the cooperation between theguide holes 141 and theguide pins 16. The inclination of theswash plate 15 is guided by the slide-guide relationship between theguide holes 141 and theguide pins 16, and the slide support function of therotary shaft 13. - The inclination angle of the
swash plate 15 is changed by controlling the pressure of thecontrol pressure chamber 121. As the pressure in thecontrol pressure chamber 121 increases, the inclination angle of theswash plate 15 decreases. As the pressure in thecontrol pressure chamber 121 decreases, the inclination angle of theswash plate 15 increases. Refrigerant flows from thecontrol pressure chamber 121 via a pressure releasing passage, which is not shown, to asuction chamber 191, which is formed in arear housing 19. Further, refrigerant is supplied from adischarge chamber 192, which is formed in therear housing 19, to thecontrol pressure chamber 121 via a pressure supply passage, which is not shown. - A
displacement control valve 25 is arranged in the pressure supply passage. The flow rate of the refrigerant supplied from thedischarge chamber 192 to thecontrol pressure chamber 121 is controlled by thedisplacement control valve 25. When the flow rate of the refrigerant supplied from thedischarge chamber 192 to thecontrol pressure chamber 121 increases, the pressure in thecontrol pressure chamber 121 increases. When the flow rate of the refrigerant supplied from thedischarge chamber 192 to thecontrol pressure chamber 121 decreases, the pressure in thecontrol pressure chamber 121 decreases. Accordingly, the inclination angle of theswash plate 15 is controlled by thedisplacement control valve 25. - The maximum inclination angle of the
swash plate 15 is determined by the contact between theswash plate 15 and the rotary support 14. The minimum inclination angle of theswash plate 15 is determined by the contact between asnap ring 24 on therotary shaft 13 and theswash plate 15. - A plurality of cylinder bores111 (only two shown in FIG. 1(a)) are arranged about the
rotary shaft 13 in thecylinder block 11. Apiston 17 is retained in eachcylinder bore 111. Aholding portion 171 is formed in one end of thepiston 17. A pair of opposedspherical recess portions holding portion 171. As shown in FIG. 1(b),semispherical shoes 18 are held in therecess portions - The rotating action of the
swash plate 15, which rotates integrally with therotary shaft 13, is converted to the forward and rearward reciprocating action of thepiston 17 by thesemispherical shoes 18 to move thepiston 17 forward and rearward in thecylinder bore 111. The pair ofshoes 18 are made of a steel material and slidably contact slide-contact surfaces swash plate 15. - The reciprocating movement of the pistons17 (movement from the right to the left, as viewed in FIG. 1(a)) causes the refrigerant in the
suction chamber 191 to opensuction valves 211, which are formed in avalve formation plate 21, and flow into thecylinder bores 111 throughsuction ports 201, which are formed in avalve plate 20. The reciprocating movement of the pistons 17 (movement from the left to the right, as viewed in FIG. 1(a)) causes the refrigerant that entered thecylinder bores 111 to opendischarge valves 221, which are formed in avalve formation plate 22, and flow into thedischarge chamber 192 throughdischarge ports 202, which are formed in thevalve plate 20. Thedischarge valves 221contact retainers 231, which are formed on aretainer formation plate 23, so that its opened degree is restricted. - The
discharge chamber 192 and thesuction chamber 191 are connected to each other by anexternal refrigerant circuit 26. The refrigerant sent to theexternal refrigerant circuit 26 from thedischarge chamber 192 flows through acondenser 27, anexpansion valve 28, and anevaporator 29 and returns to thesuction chamber 191. - As shown in FIGS.1(a) and 1(b), slide-
contact films front surface 152 and arear surface 153 of the peripheral portion of theswash plate 15. The slide-contact film 32 has a double-layer structure comprising ametal layer 321, which is formed, through sintering, on the front surface (slide-contact surface) 152 that has a slide-contact section corresponding with theshoes 18, and aresin layer 322, which is formed on themetal layer 321. The slide-contact film 33 has a double-layer structure comprising ametal layer 331, which is formed, through sintering, on the rear surface (slide-contact surface) 153 that has a slide-contact section corresponding with theshoes 18, and aresin layer 332, which is formed on themetal layer 331. - The metal layers321, 331 respectively formed on the
front surface 152 and therear surface 153, which originally are the surfaces of substrate of theswash plate 15, are formed from a copper material. Theresin layer 322 is made of a material obtained by dispersing a solid lubricant in resin. In the present embodiment, molybdenum disulfide and graphite are used as the solid lubricant, and thermosetting polyamide imide is used as the resin. - The metal layers321, 331 are formed using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3. The
swash plate 15 is attached to arotary holding mechanism 35, which is rotated by amotor 34 in the direction of arrow Q1. Fine copper particles are deposited on thefront surface 152 of the peripheral portion of theswash plate 15, which is attached to therotary holding mechanism 35, to form a layer that is greater than or equal to a predetermined thickness. - In FIG. 2(a), S1 denotes the layer of fine particles deposited on the
front surface 152. Aroller 37, which is attached to anoutput shaft 361 of themotor 36, is moved reciprocally in directions of arrow Q2 (vertical direction) by aspace maintaining mechanism 38. Theroller 37 has the form of a truncated cone. Theroller 37 is arranged so that its rotating axis extends through theswash plate 15 near the center P of theswash plate 15 and the minimum space between the conical surface of theroller 37 and thefront surface 152 of theswash plate 15 is equal to the predetermined thickness. Themotors roller 37 rolls along thefront surface 152 of theswash plate 15 in the circumferential direction of theswash plate 15 without being relatively displaced. That is, the layer of copper particles on thefront surface 152 is pressed by theroller 37 so that it has the predetermined thickness. The layer of copper particles having the predetermined thickness is sintered in an oxygen-free state to form themetal layer 321. The thickness adjustment by theroller 37 and the sintering treatment is also performed on therear surface 153 of theswash plate 15 to form themetal layer 331. - Then, a fluid resin coating, which includes a solid lubricant, is applied to the surface of the metal layers321, 331. In FIG. 2(b), S2 denotes a coating film of the resin coating. After drying the coating film S2, the coating film S2 is baked and hardened at 200° C. to 300° C. to form the resin layers 322, 332.
- The variable displacement compressor has the advantages described below.
- (1) Layers of copper metal particles are formed on the front and
rear surfaces swash plate 15, and the layers are sintered to form intended surface with fine pits and lands in the surfaces of the metal layers 321, 331. The fluid resin coating, which includes a solid lubricant, enters the pits of the surface. Accordingly, the contact area of the metal layers 321, 331 relative to the resin coating of the sintered surface is greater than the contact area of a surface that does not have the pits and lands relative to the resin coating. That is, the bonding capacity of the resin coating relative to the surface of the metal layers 321, 331 is high. The state of the pits and lands in the surface of the metal layers 321, 331 is affected by the particle diameter of the metal particles. However, the sintered surface of the metal layers 321, 331, in which the particle diameter of the metal particles is optimally set, has a pit and land state that is preferable as a bonding subject surface of resin. - Accordingly, the bonding of the resin layers322, 332 to the metal layers 321, 331, which are formed through sintering, is guaranteed. This obtains the slide-
contact films shoes 18. - (2) The layer thickness of the metal layers321, 331 is set at about 60 μm to 70 μm. The layer thickness is obtained by adjusting the thickness of the copper particle layers, which are formed on the front and
rear surfaces rollers 37 relative to the front andrear surfaces swash plate 15. Such adjustment of the position ofroller 37 is simple. Accordingly, the desired layer thickness of the metal layers 321, 333 is easily obtained. - (3) Since the metal layers321, 331 have the desired layer thickness subsequent to sintering, the metal layers 321, 331 do not have to be ground to obtain the desired thickness. The elimination of the grinding process of the metal layers 321, 331 facilitates the procedure for forming the slide-
contact films - (4) Even when the sintered surfaces of the metal layers321, 331 are ground, the bonding capacity of the resin coatings relative to the ground surface is high. This is because fine pores are formed in the metal layers 321, 331, and fine pits are produced in the ground surface when grinding the surfaces of the metal layers 321, 331. The fluid resin coating, which includes a solid lubricant, enters the fine pits and increases the contact area of the ground surfaces of the metal layers 321, 331 relative to the resin coating.
- (5) In comparison with a metal layer formed through spraying, the thickness of the resin layer is uniform when applied on the
sintered metal layers - (6) The
swash plate 15 and theshoes 18 are both made of steel materials. Thus, if theshoes 18 were to come into direct slide-contact with the front andrear surfaces shoes 18 come into direct contact with the metal layers 321, 331, since the metal layers 321, 331 are made of a copper material, which differs from the material of theshoes 18, seizure is prevented from occurring at an early stage. - (7) A mixture of solid lubricant and resin is effective for improving the slide-contact characteristic of a slide-contact film, which includes a metal layer. Particularly, the mixture of molybdenum disulfide, graphite, and polyamide imide is extremely effective for improving the contact characteristic of the slide-
contact films - (8) The front and
rear surfaces swash plate 15 are flat and are thus preferable for uniformly depositing the layers of metal particles with the desired thickness. - The present invention may be embodied in the following forms without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- The resin layers may be altered to plating layers. The same effects as advantage (1) in the above embodiment guarantees the bonding of the metal layers321, 331, which are formed through sintering, with the plating layers. For example, a nickel plating or a cobalt plating may be given as the types of plating, and electroplating, chemical plating, or electroless plating may be given as the types of plating processes. In this case, if a composite plating, which disperses a solid lubricant in the plating, is formed, the slide-contact characteristic between a swash plate and shoes is further improved.
- In addition to molybdenum disulfide and graphite, which are discussed above, tungsten disulfide, boron nitride, antimony oxide, indium, tin, and so forth may be used as the solid lubricant.
- A double-layer structure including a first metal layer, which has a relative small particle diameter, and a second metal layer, which has a relatively large particle diameter, may be formed, and a resin layer may be formed on the second metal layer to form a slide-contact film. The fine pits and lands in the surface of the second metal layer increase the bonding capacity of a resin layer. The metal layers of such double-layer structure is obtained by depositing metal particles having a relatively small particle diameter on the peripheral surface of the swash plate to a predetermined thickness to form a first deposit layer, then depositing metal particles having a relatively large particle diameter on the first deposit layer to a predetermined thickness to form a second deposit layer, and then sintering the first and second deposit layers. The sintering simultaneously forms two metal layers.
- An aluminum material may be formed for the metal layers.
- When forming the metal layers of the double-layer structure with aluminum that includes silicon, it is preferred that the silicon content of the first metal layer, which is formed on the surface of the swash plate, be small and that the silicon content of the second metal layer, to which a resin layer is applied, be large. When the silicon content is small, the bonding strength of the first metal layer with respect to the surface of the swash plate is large. When the silicon content is increased, the contact characteristic of the second metal layer, to which the resin layer is applied, is improved.
- The present invention may be applied to a swash plate made of an aluminum material to reduce weight.
- The present invention may be applied to a swash plate of a fixed displacement swash plate type compressor.
Claims (8)
1. A swash plate (15) of a swash plate type compressor that transmits the rotating force of the swash plate, which rotates integrally with a rotary shaft (13), to a piston (17) by means of a shoe (18) to reciprocally move the piston, wherein the swash plate rotates while slide-contact occurs between the shoe and a slide-contact surface (152, 153), the swash plate comprising:
a slide-contact film including a metal layer (321, 331), which is formed on the slide-contact surface of the swash plate through sintering, and a resin layer (322, 332) or a plating layer, which is formed on the metal layer.
2. The swash plate according to claim 1 , wherein the metal layer is made of a copper material or an aluminum material.
3. The swash plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the resin layer or the plating layer includes a solid lubricant.
4. The swash plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the metal layer has a surface that is not ground, and the resin layer or the plating layer is formed on the surface.
5. The swash plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the swash plate is made of a steel material.
6. A swash plate type compressor including:
a rotary shaft (13);
a swash plate (15) rotated integrally with the rotary shaft;
a shoe (18) that slidably contacts a slide-contact surface of the swash plate (15) when the swash plate rotates; and
a piston (17) connected to swash plate by means of the shoe, the swash plate comprising:
a slide-contact film including a metal layer (321, 331), which is formed on the slide-contact surface of the swash plate through sintering, and a resin layer (322, 332) or a plating layer, which is formed on the metal layer.
7. The swash plate type compressor according to claim 6 , wherein the metal layer is made of a copper material or an aluminum material.
8. The swash plate type compressor according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the resin layer or the plating layer includes a solid lubricant.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000-303558 | 2000-10-03 | ||
JP2000303558 | 2000-10-03 | ||
JP2001123037A JP2002180961A (en) | 2000-10-03 | 2001-04-20 | Swash plate in swash plate type compressor |
JP2001-123037 | 2001-04-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20030000376A1 true US20030000376A1 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
Family
ID=26601450
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/169,440 Abandoned US20030000376A1 (en) | 2000-10-03 | 2001-10-01 | Swash plate of swash plate type compressor |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030000376A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1331394A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2002180961A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002029249A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040163533A1 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2004-08-26 | Shinji Tagami | Swash plate-type compressor |
US20070166176A1 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-07-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Linear compressor |
US7255933B2 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2007-08-14 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Multi-layer sliding part and a method for its manufacture |
US20090166626A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2009-07-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Producing method for crystalline thin film |
US20100150747A1 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Caterpillar Inc. | Pump having pulsation-reducing engagement surface |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101261110B1 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2013-05-06 | 다이호 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Ptfe series sliding material, bearing, and ptfe series sliding material manufacturing method |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61157778A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-07-17 | Toyoda Autom Loom Works Ltd | Swash plate type compressor |
KR100193291B1 (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1999-06-15 | 이소가이 지세이 | Swash plate of a swash plate type compressor and method of preparing the sliding layer |
JP3463540B2 (en) * | 1996-11-21 | 2003-11-05 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Swash plate compressor |
DE19880312B4 (en) * | 1997-02-14 | 2005-06-16 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd., Toyota | The swash plate compressor |
JP4023872B2 (en) * | 1997-06-26 | 2007-12-19 | 大豊工業株式会社 | Swash plate compressor swash plate |
JPH11193780A (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-21 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | Single-headed piston swash plate type compression machine and method for manufacturing swash plate |
JP2000179453A (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-06-27 | Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd | Swash plate of swash plate type compressor |
-
2001
- 2001-04-20 JP JP2001123037A patent/JP2002180961A/en active Pending
- 2001-10-01 WO PCT/JP2001/008651 patent/WO2002029249A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-10-01 EP EP01970326A patent/EP1331394A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-10-01 US US10/169,440 patent/US20030000376A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7255933B2 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2007-08-14 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Multi-layer sliding part and a method for its manufacture |
US20090166626A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2009-07-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Producing method for crystalline thin film |
US20040163533A1 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2004-08-26 | Shinji Tagami | Swash plate-type compressor |
US7063003B2 (en) | 2003-02-21 | 2006-06-20 | Sanden Corporation | Swash plate-type compressor |
US20070166176A1 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2007-07-19 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Linear compressor |
US7988430B2 (en) * | 2006-01-16 | 2011-08-02 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Linear compressor |
US20100150747A1 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Caterpillar Inc. | Pump having pulsation-reducing engagement surface |
US8333571B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2012-12-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | Pump having pulsation-reducing engagement surface |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002029249A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
EP1331394A1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
EP1331394A4 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
JP2002180961A (en) | 2002-06-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0890743B1 (en) | Swash plate of swash-plate compressor | |
JP3918516B2 (en) | Swash plate compressor | |
EP1036938B1 (en) | Compressor coating | |
US9657818B2 (en) | Swash plate and production method of the same | |
US20020104432A1 (en) | Compressor and sliding member thereof | |
US20030000376A1 (en) | Swash plate of swash plate type compressor | |
US6568918B2 (en) | Lubrication coating for the sliding portion of a swashplate compressor | |
US6217295B1 (en) | Swash plate type compressor | |
EP1167761A2 (en) | Swash plate type compressor | |
US6666128B2 (en) | Swash plate in swash plate type compressor | |
US6926779B1 (en) | Lead-free copper-based coatings with bismuth for swashplate compressors | |
US20030096134A1 (en) | Sliding member for compressor | |
EP1236897B1 (en) | Compressor coating | |
JP4496662B2 (en) | Swash plate in swash plate compressor | |
EP1239153A2 (en) | Compressor coating | |
JP4547829B2 (en) | Swash plate in swash plate compressor | |
EP1188923B1 (en) | Coating for a swash plate of a swash plate compressor | |
KR20000062865A (en) | Method of forming a film on machine parts | |
US20090097990A1 (en) | Swash plate type compressor | |
KR20050058608A (en) | Swash plate for compressor and the surface treatment method |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: KABUSHIKI KAISHA TOYOTA JIDOSHOKKI, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SUGIURA, MANABU;KATO, TAKAYUKI;MIZUTANI, HIDEKI;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:013313/0126 Effective date: 20020606 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |