JPS61157778A - Swash plate type compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce abrasion of rotor by forming the surface section for forming a swash plate in rotor through lamination of collected fiber mainly composed of wiskers and collected fiber mainly composed of short fibers. CONSTITUTION:In a swash plate type compressor, a piston 8 fitted slidably in plural cylinder bores 10 made in parallel with a rotary shaft 11 is reciprocated in axial direction through an intermediate member or a semi-sphercal shoe 9 by the rotation of a rotor 7 having a swash plate. Here, at least the surface sections 1, 1 forming the swash plate of the rotor 7 is composed of first fiber reinforced metal complex material sections 21, 21' reinforced with first fibers such as alumina short fibers, second fiber reinforcedmetal complex material sections 3, 3' composed of second fibers such as silicon carbide wiskers and mixed fiber reinforced metal complex material sections 4, 4' formed at the interface of said sections.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to improvements in swash plate compressors.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, an air conditioning system for an automobile includes a housing having a plurality of cylinder bores provided in parallel with an axis, a rotor rotated by a rotating shaft within the housing,
a piston slidably fitted within the cylinder bore;
A swash plate type compressor is used, which is composed of the swash plate, an intermediate member interposed between the piston and □, and causing the piston to reciprocate as the rotor rotates. In this compressor, the swash plate swings as the rotating shaft rotates, causing the piston to reciprocate and compress the gas in the cylinder.

In this swash plate compressor, aluminum or aluminum alloy is used for the rotor and intermediate members, especially from the viewpoint of weight reduction. For example, an aluminum-high silicon alloy containing 17 to 25% silicon, or more than the eutectic composition, is used for rotors that are subject to severe sliding conditions. When the silicon content is as high as 17 to 25%, the silicon content exceeds the eutectic composition, so primary crystal silicon, which is a hard coarse particle, occurs both inside and on the surface of the base material. The hard primary silicon provides excellent wear resistance.

However, in this case, depending on the surface processing method, primary crystal silicon, which is hard coarse particles formed on the surface, may fall off from the surface. When the primary silicon falls off in this way, the wear resistance decreases even though it is an aluminum-high silicon alloy, and seizure is likely to occur when there is a lack of lubricant. Furthermore, such high silicon alloys also have the disadvantage of insufficient toughness. Furthermore, if the silicon content of the base material is high, the wear resistance will be excellent, but on the other hand, the base material will become brittle, making processing difficult and causing problems such as insufficient mechanical strength. That is, the method of increasing the silicon content of the entire base material has the above-mentioned strength problem, so there is a certain upper limit to the silicon content.

In addition, when the silicon content is low in an aluminum alloy, it has excellent toughness but does not have sufficient mechanical strength, has poor wear resistance, and is prone to seizure. In addition, the above aluminum-silicon alloy has a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and it is not possible to suppress thermal expansion during operation, making it impossible to maintain a constant clearance between the shoes and the swash plate and shoes. Become.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned problems, and improves wear resistance,
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a swash plate compressor with excellent seizure resistance, toughness, and low thermal expansion.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The swash plate compressor of the present invention has a plurality of cylinder bores 10 provided parallel to the axis, as shown in FIG. 3, for example.
a rotor 7 that is rotated by a rotating shaft within the housing 6 and has a swash plate facing the cylinder bore 10; a piston 8 that is slidably fitted within the cylinder bore 10; In a swash plate type compressor comprising an intermediate member 9 which is interposed between the swash plate 7 and the piston 8 and causes the piston 8 to reciprocate by the rotation of the rotor 7, for example, as shown in FIG. At least the surface portion 1 forming the swash plate of the rotor 7 includes a first fiber assembly 2a composed of first fibers mainly consisting of short fibers, and a second fiber assembly 2.
The second part, which mainly consists of whiskers, is integrally formed on one side of a.
IIAH consisting of the second fiber assembly 3a composed of mN
It is composed of fiber-reinforced gold R21, 3, and 4 in which a molded body is embedded, and the swash plate is characterized by having a structure in which second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal.

In the swash plate compressor of the present invention, the rotor refers to a member that rotates and oscillates within the housing around a rotating shaft. Specifically, it corresponds to the swash plate of a swash plate type compressor and the rotor of the compressor described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-29040.

The intermediate member is, for example, the shoe of a swash plate compressor or the swing plate of the compressor described in the above specification, and slides on the sliding surface of the swash plate, causing the piston to reciprocate by rotating the swash plate. means something that causes As this intermediate member, a conventional one having a hemispherical shape or a flat plate shape can be used as is.

In the swash plate compressor of the present invention, the shapes of the components such as the rotor, intermediate member, piston, rotating shaft, and housing are the same as those of the conventional swash plate compressor described in JP-A-55-29040. be.

In the present invention, at least the surface portion forming the swash plate of the rotor is made of short fibers. A fiber molded body consisting of a first fiber aggregate made of fi fibers and a second fiber aggregate made of second fibers mainly having whiskers integrally formed on one surface of the first fiber aggregate. The swash plate is made of fiber-reinforced metal with embedded fibers, and the swash plate has a structure in which the second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal.

The "rotor swash plate" may be on one side of the rotor used. This varies depending on the type of compressor used.

The above-mentioned "rotor" is made of magnesium metal, copper metal, and aluminum metal. Among these metals, aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium, and magnesium alloy are preferable in consideration of lightness and the like, and aluminum alloy is particularly preferable. The aluminum alloys include aluminum-silicon system, aluminum-silicon-magnesium system, aluminum-silicon-copper system, aluminum-copper-silicon-magnesium-nickel system, aluminum-copper-silicon-magnesium system, aluminum-copper system, etc. Alloys are used. The magnesium alloys include magnesium-aluminum alloys, magnesium-zinc alloys, etc.
The copper alloy used is a copper-zinc-aluminum alloy, a copper-zinc-manganese alloy, or the like. The base metal is preferably one that has good wettability with the fibers used.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
and 11- are made of fiber-reinforced metal in which the fiber forming body is embedded, and the inside of the two surface parts 1 and 1-111 and 11' are covered with the first fiber laminate 2a as shown in FIG. This means that it may be a buried structure or, as shown in FIG. 2, may have a structure having a portion 5 made only of metal without containing fibers.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the above-mentioned "fiber molded body" includes a mixed layer 4a of the first fiber M2b and the second mAM3b at the boundary between the first fiber aggregate 2a and the second fiber aggregate 3a.
exists. That is, the first fiber assembly 2a and the second fiber assembly 3a are integrally constructed. That is, at least the surface portion 1.1' forming the swash plate of the rotor comprises a first fiber-reinforced metal composite material portion 21.21', a second fiber-reinforced metal composite material portion 3.3', and both of these materials. A mixed layer of these fibers formed at the boundary of the reinforced metal composite material part 4.4
′.

The 14th JAN may be composed of only short 4tiM fibers, or may be a mixture of short fibers and whiskers or long fibers. Further, the first fibers may contain one or more types of short fibers.

As the short fibers, for example, alumina silica yri fibers, alumina short fibers, glass short fibers, etc. can be used.

Further, the diameter of the short fibers is usually 2 to 10 μm.

The second fibers are mainly composed of whiskers.

The term "whiskers" used herein may be anything that falls within the range of whisker-like crystals, and the diameter and length thereof are not particularly limited.

The diameter or length varies depending on the type of whisker, its manufacturing method, etc., but in general, the diameter is 0.1 to 1.0 μm.
The length is about 50 to 200 μm. The second fibers may be whiskers alone, but they may also be a mixture of whiskers and the above-mentioned short fibers. Further, the second fiber may contain one or more types of whiskers.

For example, silicon carbide whiskers, silicon nitride whiskers, alumina whiskers, potassium titanate whiskers, etc. are used as the whiskers. Typically, silicon carbide whiskers or silicon nitride whiskers are used as the whiskers. In particular, silicon carbide whiskers are more preferred because they have particularly good wettability with commonly used base metals such as aluminum alloys.

In the rotor of the present invention, one or more of molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, lead oxide, and boron nitride may be contained between the second fiber aggregates. I can do it. In other words, the first iaim
A solid lubricant such as the above-mentioned molybdenum disulfide may be uniformly distributed in the reinforced metal composite material portion.

In this case, wear resistance is even better.

The rotor manufacturing method that characterizes the present invention is as follows. That is, first, a fibrillation liquid for first fibers mainly consisting of short fibers is poured into a molding filter having a filtration surface corresponding to the shape of the desired fiber molded product, and filtered, and a first fiber aggregate is placed on the filtration surface. to form. Next, a fibrillation liquid for the second Il fibers containing mainly whiskers is put into the filter having the formed first fiber aggregate and filtered, so that the first fiber aggregate 2 is filtered as shown in FIG.
A second fiber assembly 3a is formed integrally on the upper surface of the fiber molded body 3a to obtain a fiber molded body. In addition, in this fiber molded article, the first
A mixed layer 4a of both am exists at the boundary between the No. 11 fiber aggregate 2a and the 241st fiber aggregate 3a.

Next, the above-mentioned fiber molded body is placed in a cavity in a casting mold (in many cases, the surface of the second fiber aggregate is placed in contact with the mold surface. In this case, as shown in FIG. In the case of a rotor in which the 2111 reinforced metal composite material portion 3.3' is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the metal composite material portion 2, the second reinforced metal composite material portion 3.3' is formed only on the upper surface of the first fiber aggregate 2a shown in FIG.
The fiber molded body in which the fiber aggregate 3a has been formed is placed in a predetermined cavity with the lower surfaces of the 111th fiber aggregate overlapping each other, as shown in FIG. If the fiber molded body is a thin plate, a booklet 29 is provided as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the molten base metal is guided from the surface of the first fiber aggregate of the fiber molded body to contact and penetrate into the fiber molded body, and then cooled to solidify the base metal and form a predetermined shape. Manufacture rotors. The middle book portion will be cut and removed as necessary.

[Example] The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples.

A sectional view of a swash plate compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. According to FIG. 3, in this swash plate type compressor, a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported in the housing 6 via a bearing 12, and a swash plate 7 is connected and fixed to this rotating shaft 11.

Cylinder bores 10 are formed in the housing 6 at equal radial intervals, and a piston 8 is slidably fitted into each bore 10.

A valve plate 1 is provided at the left end opening of the housing 6.
5 and a front cylinder head 16, and the right end opening is closed by a back plate 17 and a rear cylinder head 18.

A concave portion 8a is formed in the center portion of the piston 8 to receive the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 7, and a spherical concave portion 8b is formed on each axially opposing surface of the concave portion 8a. A hemispherical intermediate member shoe 9 is provided on the sliding surface of the rotor 7.
are in sliding contact and transmit the rotation of the rotor 7 to the piston 8 as reciprocating motion. The above configuration is basically the same as that of a conventional swash plate compressor.

In this embodiment, the material of the rotor 7 is different from the conventional one. That is, the two outermost surfaces forming the swash plate of the rotor 7 are made of second fiber-reinforced metal composite material portions 3 and 3' made of second fibers that are silicon carbide whiskers, and the entire interior thereof is made of alumina. It consists of a first fiber-reinforced metal composite material part 2 reinforced with first fibers, which are short fibers. Note that at the boundary between the 211i fiber-reinforced metal composite material part 3.3' and the first fiber-reinforced metal composite material part 2, there is a mixed layer fiber-reinforced metal composite material part 4 of the first fiber and the second fiber. .4' exists. Note that A390 alloy was used as the above-mentioned base metal.

The method for manufacturing the above rotor is as follows. First, a fibrillating liquid for first fibers made of alumina taatt is put into a molding filter having a filtering surface corresponding to the shape of the desired fiber molded body. This defibrating solution used water containing an anionic surfactant and a starch binder. The alumina short fibers have a diameter of about 2.5 to 3 μm and a length of about 300 to 5000.
It is μm.

This defibrating liquid was suctioned and filtered, and a first fiber aggregate was formed on the filtered surface.

A defibrating liquid for second fibers made of silicon carbide whiskers was placed in the filter having the first fiber aggregate formed as described above. The silicon carbide whiskers have a diameter of about 0.1 to 1 μm and a length of about 500 to 200 μm. Then, the defibrating liquid was suction-filtered to form a second fiber assembly made of second fibers integrated on the upper surface of the first fiber assembly. This molded body was then dried to obtain a fiber molded body.

The fiber molded body 28 formed by overlapping the lower surfaces of each of the first fiber aggregates of the two fiber molded bodies described above is placed into a casting mold of a predetermined shape (upper mold 22, lower mold 23) as shown in FIG. It is placed in a cavity 25 having a predetermined shape. After that, the molten aluminum alloy (A390 alloy) is pressed into the plunger 27.
After contacting, pressurizing, and infiltrating the molded body 28 using a
A rotor shown in FIG. 1 made of a fiber-reinforced metal composite material was manufactured by cooling.

In the swash plate compressor of this embodiment, the two surface portions 1.1" forming the swash plate are made of fiber-reinforced metal in which a fiber molded body in which first fibers and second fibers are integrally constructed is embedded. The swash plate uses a rotor with a structure in which the second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal.Therefore, the rotor has extremely excellent seizure resistance and wear resistance.Therefore, this swash plate type The compressor is durable in terms of seizure resistance and wear resistance.

In addition, the rotor used in this example has two inner surfaces 1.1" made of a first fiber-reinforced metal composite material mainly made of short fibers. Therefore, the rotor has excellent strength and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, the swash plate compressor of this embodiment exhibits durability against mechanical strength, suppresses thermal expansion during operation, maintains a constant clearance with the shoe, and prevents the swash plate and the shoe from locking.

Furthermore, since the present rotor uses short fibers as a back-up material, the present rotor can be manufactured with high production efficiency.

From the above, this rotor has excellent seizure resistance, wear resistance, low thermal expansion, and toughness. Therefore, the swash plate compressor of the present invention has excellent durability in terms of seizure resistance and the like.

[Effects of the Invention] In the swash plate compressor of the present invention, at least the surface portion forming the swash plate of the rotor used therein is fiber-reinforced in which a fiber molded body consisting of the first fiber aggregate and the 28th fiber aggregate is embedded. The swash plate is made of metal, and has a structure in which the second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal. Therefore, the rotor has excellent seizure resistance and wear resistance. In addition, the interior of the surface part is made of a 11
The material may be constructed of a metal composite material reinforced with fibers. Therefore, it is possible to suppress thermal expansion during operation, maintain a constant clearance with the shoe, and prevent the swash plate from locking with the shoe.

Further, in the rotor, the first fiber, which is inexpensive, has strong mechanical strength, and is heat resistant, can be used as a back-up material on the back side of the second fiber.

Furthermore, since the boundary between the first fiber and the 211th miscellaneous aggregate has a mixed layer of both fibers, the fiber molded product has higher strength than one reinforced with whiskers alone. Therefore, in this rotor, it can be manufactured at a low cost, the molten metal flows well, and it is extremely easy to compose the rotor.

In addition, it can withstand high pressure in molten metal forging, making high-pressure casting possible, resulting in extremely high production efficiency.

This rotor has the 211th rotor, which mainly has whiskers on its outermost surface.
Since it is made of fiber-reinforced metal reinforced with fibers, an aluminum alloy with a low silicon content can be used as the base metal material. Therefore, in the rotor, the distribution of primary silicon does not become non-uniform and the rotor has excellent toughness. This effect is particularly significant when the interior of the rotor is made of base metal.

In this rotor, the coefficient of thermal expansion in the thickness direction can be controlled by changing the fiber volume fraction of the first fiber and the fiber volume fraction of the second fiber, so changes in shoe clearance due to temperature rise during operation can be minimized. can do.

As described above, the rotor used in the present invention has characteristics superior to those of the conventional rotor as described above.

Therefore, the swash plate compressor of the present invention has less wear on the rotor even under severe sliding conditions, and there is no seizure or locking of the swash plate and shoes, making it possible to avoid failures caused by the rotor. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a front view of the rotor according to this embodiment, in which the van molded body is thick. FIG. 2 is a front view of a rotor in which the fiber molded body is in the form of a thin plate. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the swash plate compressor according to this embodiment. FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the boundary between the first fiber aggregate and the second fiber aggregate in the fiber molded body. FIG. 5 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a state in which the fiber aggregate is arranged in the cavity of the molten metal forging device used for manufacturing the rotor used in the swash plate compressor of this embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a state in which a thin plate-like fiber molded body is placed in a cavity of a molten metal forging device when manufacturing a rotor using the fiber molded body. 1...Surface part 2...1st #IA fiber reinforced metal composite material part 3...2nd
111 Fiber-reinforced metal composite material part-4...Fiber mixed layer reinforced metal composite material part 5...Base metal 2a...
・First fiber aggregate 3a...Second fiber aggregate 4a...
・Mixed layer 6...Housing 7...Rotor 8
...Piston 8a...Concave portion 8b...
Spherical concave portion 10...Cylinder bore 11...Rotating shaft 12.
13...Bearing 14...-Pin 15...Valve plate 16...Front cylinder head 17...Back plate 18...Rear cylinder head 22...Upper mold 23...
・Lower mold 24...Die base 25...
Cavity 26... Seki 27... Pressure plunger 28... Two fiber molded bodies... Nakamoto

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A housing having a plurality of cylinder bores provided parallel to the axis, a rotor rotated by a rotating shaft within the housing and having a swash plate facing the cylinder bore, and a rotor slidably fitted into the cylinder bore. A swash plate compressor comprising a combined piston, and an intermediate member that is interposed between the swash plate of the rotor and the piston and causes the piston to reciprocate as the rotor rotates, the swash plate of the rotor At least the surface portion forming the plate includes a first fiber aggregate composed of first fibers mainly consisting of short fibers;
A fiber-reinforced metal body is formed of a fiber-reinforced metal in which a fiber molded body made of a second fiber assembly made of a second fiber mainly composed of whiskers is integrally formed on one surface of the first fiber assembly, and the oblique A swash plate compressor characterized in that the plate has a structure in which the second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal. (2) The swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the metal is one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, and copper alloy. (3) The short fibers are alumina short fibers, alumina-silica short fibers, or glass short fibers, and the whiskers are silicon carbide whiskers or silicon nitride whiskers.
The swash plate compressor described in Section 1. (4) The swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the second fiber aggregate contains one or more of molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, lead oxide, and boron nitride.