JPS6340943B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to improvements in swash plate compressors.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, an air conditioning system for an automobile includes a housing having a plurality of cylinder bores provided in parallel with an axis, a rotor rotated by a rotating shaft within the housing, and a rotor that slides within the cylinder bore. A swash plate type compressor is used which is composed of a freely fitted piston and an intermediate member interposed between the swash plate and the piston and causing the piston to reciprocate as the rotor rotates. In this compressor, the swash plate swings as the rotating shaft rotates, causing the piston to reciprocate and compress the gas in the cylinder.

In this swash plate type compressor, aluminum or aluminum alloy is used for the rotor and intermediate members, especially from the viewpoint of weight reduction. For example, an aluminum-high silicon alloy containing 17 to 25% silicon, or higher than the eutectic composition, is used for rotors that have severe sliding conditions. Silicon content 17~25
%, since silicon is contained in a eutectic composition or higher, primary crystal silicon, which is a hard coarse particle, occurs both inside and on the surface of the base material, and the hard primary silicon formed on the surface This results in excellent wear resistance.

However, in this case, depending on the surface processing method, primary silicon, which is hard coarse particles formed on the surface, may fall off from the surface. When the primary silicon falls off in this way, the wear resistance decreases even though it is an aluminum-high silicon alloy, and seizure is likely to occur when there is a lack of lubricant. Furthermore, such high silicon alloys also have the disadvantage of insufficient toughness. Furthermore, if the silicon content of the base material is high, the wear resistance will be excellent, but on the other hand, the base material will become brittle, making processing difficult and causing problems such as insufficient mechanical strength. That is, the method of increasing the silicon content of the entire base material has the above-mentioned strength problem, so there is a certain upper limit to the silicon content.

In addition, when the silicon content is low in an aluminum alloy, it has excellent toughness but does not have sufficient mechanical strength, has poor wear resistance, and is prone to seizure. In addition, the above aluminum-silicon alloy has a large coefficient of thermal expansion, so it is impossible to suppress thermal expansion during operation, and the clearance between the swash plate and the shoe cannot be kept constant, resulting in a lock between the swash plate and the shoe. Become.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention overcomes the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a swash plate compressor with excellent wear resistance, seizure resistance, toughness, and low thermal expansion. .

[Means for solving the problems] As shown in FIG. a rotor 7 rotated by a rotating shaft and having a swash plate facing the cylinder bore 10;
A piston 8 slidably fitted into the cylinder bore 10, the swash plate of the rotor 7, and the piston 8.
In a swash plate type compressor, the swash plate of the rotor 7 is formed as shown in FIG. 1, for example. At least the surface portion 1 is a first fiber aggregate 2a composed of first fibers mainly consisting of short fibers.
and a fiber-reinforced metal 21 in which a fiber molded body made of a second fiber assembly 3a made of second fibers mainly composed of whiskers is embedded in one surface of the second fiber assembly 2a, 3 and 4, and the swash plate is characterized by having a structure in which the second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal.

In the swash plate type compressor of the present invention, the rotor refers to a component that rotates and oscillates within the housing by a rotating shaft. Specifically, it corresponds to the swash plate of a swash plate type compressor and the rotor of the compressor described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-29040.

The intermediate member is, for example, the shoe of a swash plate type compressor or the swing plate of the compressor described in the above specification, and slides on the sliding surface of the swash plate,
This means that the piston is reciprocated by the rotation of the swash plate. As this intermediate member, a conventional one having a hemispherical shape or a flat plate shape can be used as is.

The swash plate type compressor of the present invention differs from the conventional swash plate type compressor in the shape of the components such as the rotor, intermediate member, piston, rotating shaft, housing, etc.
These are the same as those of the compressor described in No. 29040.

In the present invention, at least the surface portion forming the swash plate of the rotor is integrally formed with a first fiber aggregate made of first fibers mainly consisting of short fibers, and one surface of the first fiber aggregate. a fiber-reinforced metal in which a fiber molded body made of a second fiber aggregate made of second fibers mainly composed of whiskers is embedded;
The swash plate is characterized in that the second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal.

The "rotor swash plate" may be located on one side of the rotor used. This varies depending on the type of compressor used.

The above-mentioned "rotor" is made of magnesium metal, copper metal, and aluminum metal. Among these metals, considering its light weight, aluminum,
Aluminum alloys, magnesium or magnesium alloys are preferred, and aluminum alloys are particularly preferred. The aluminum alloys include aluminum-silicon, aluminum-silicon-magnesium, aluminum-silicon-copper, and aluminum-silicon.
Alloys such as copper-silicon-magnesium-nickel, aluminum-copper-silicon-magnesium, and aluminum-copper are used. For the magnesium alloy, a magnesium-aluminum alloy, a magnesium-zinc alloy, or the like is used, and for the copper alloy, a copper-zinc-aluminum alloy, a copper-zinc-manganese alloy, or the like is used. The base metal is preferably one that has good wettability with the fibers used.

The above-mentioned "at least the surface portion" means, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. The inside of the two surface parts 1 and 1', 11 and 11' may have a structure in which the first fiber laminate 2a is buried as shown in FIG. This means that the structure may include a portion 5 made only of metal without containing fibers.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the above-mentioned "fiber molded body" has first fibers 2b and second fibers 3 at the boundary between the first fiber aggregate 2a and the second fiber aggregate 3a.
There is a mixed layer 4a with b. That is, the first fiber assembly 2a and the second fiber assembly 3a are integrally constructed. That is, at least the surface portions 1, 1' forming the swash plate of the rotor are made of first fiber-reinforced metal composite material portions 21, 21', second fiber-reinforced metal composite material portions 3, 3', and both of these materials. The reinforced metal composite material part 4, 4' is composed of a mixed layer of both fibers formed at the boundary between the parts.

The first fibers may be composed of only short fibers, or may be a mixture of short fibers and whiskers or long fibers. Further, the first fibers may contain one or more types of short fibers. The short fibers include, for example, alumina-silica short fibers,
Alumina short fibers, glass short fibers, etc. can be used. Moreover, the diameter of the short fibers is usually 2~
It is 10μm.

The second fiber is mainly composed of whiskers. The term "whiskers" used herein may be anything that falls within the category of whisker-like crystals, and the diameter and length thereof are not particularly limited. The diameter or length varies depending on the type of whisker, its manufacturing method, etc., but in general, the diameter is about 0.1 to 1.0 μm, and the length is about 50 to 200 μm. The second fibers may be whiskers alone, but they may also be a mixture of whiskers and the above-mentioned short fibers. Further, the second fiber may contain one or more types of whiskers. For example, silicon carbide whiskers, silicon nitride whiskers, alumina whiskers, potassium titanate whiskers, etc. are used as the whiskers. Typically, silicon carbide whiskers or silicon nitride whiskers are used as the whiskers. In particular, silicon carbide whiskers are more preferred because they have particularly good wettability with commonly used base metals such as aluminum alloys.

In the rotor of the present invention, one or more of molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, lead oxide, and boron nitride may be contained between the second fiber aggregates. can. That is, the solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide described above may be uniformly dispersed in the first fiber-reinforced metal composite material portion. In this case, wear resistance is even better.

The rotor manufacturing method that characterizes the present invention is as follows. That is, first, a fibrillation liquid for first fibers mainly consisting of short fibers is poured into a molding filter having a filtration surface corresponding to the shape of the desired fiber molded product, and filtered, and a first fiber aggregate is placed on the filtration surface. to form. Next, a fibrillation liquid for the second fibers containing mainly whiskers is put into the filter having the shaped first fiber aggregate and filtered, and as shown in FIG. 4, the first fiber aggregate 2a is obtained.
A second fiber assembly 3a is formed integrally on the upper surface of the fiber molded body. In addition, in this fiber molded body, the first fiber aggregate 2a and the second fiber aggregate 3
A mixed layer 4a of both fibers exists at the boundary with a. Next, the above fiber molded body is placed in a cavity in a casting mold. In many cases, the surface of the second fiber assembly is placed in contact with the mold surface. In this case, as shown in FIG. 1, second fiber-reinforced metal composite parts 3, 3'
In the case of forming a rotor in which the second fiber assembly 3a is formed only on the upper surface of the first fiber assembly 2a shown in FIG. The first fiber assembly is placed in a predetermined cavity with its lower surfaces overlapped. In addition, when the fiber molded body is a thin plate, as shown in FIG.
will be established. Thereafter, the molten base metal is guided from the surface of the first fiber aggregate of the fiber molded body to contact and penetrate into the fiber molded body, and then cooled to solidify the base metal and form a predetermined shape. Manufacture rotors. The baseboard portion will be cut and removed as necessary.

[Example] The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples.

A sectional view of a swash plate type compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. According to FIG. 3, in this swash plate type compressor, a rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported in the housing 6 via a bearing 12, and a swash plate 7 is connected and fixed to the rotating shaft 11.
Cylinder bores 10 are formed in the housing 6 at equal radial intervals.
A piston 8 is slidably fitted into the inside of the piston 0. A valve plate 15 and a front cylinder head 16 are provided at the left end opening of the housing 6.
The right end opening is closed by a back plate 17 and a rear cylinder head 18.

A concave portion 8a is formed in the center portion of the piston 8 to receive the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 7, and a spherical concave portion 8b is formed on each axially opposing surface of the concave portion 8a. A hemispherical intermediate member shoe 9 is in sliding contact with the sliding surface of the rotor 7, and is adapted to transmit the rotation of the rotor 7 to the piston 8 as reciprocating motion. The above structure is basically the same as that of a conventional swash plate compressor.

In this embodiment, the material of the rotor 7 is different from that of the conventional one. That is, the two outermost surfaces forming the swash plate of the rotor 7 are a second fiber-reinforced metal composite material portion 3 made of second fibers that are silicon carbide whiskers;
3', and its entire interior is comprised of a first fiber-reinforced metal composite material part 2 reinforced with first fibers, which are short alumina fibers. Note that at the boundary between the second fiber-reinforced metal composite material parts 3, 3' and the first fiber-reinforced metal composite material part 2, there is a mixed layer fiber-reinforced metal composite material part 4 of the first fibers and the second fibers. , 4' exist. Note that A390 alloy was used as the above base metal.

The method for manufacturing the above rotor is as follows. First, a filter made of alumina short fibers is placed in a molding filter that has a filtering surface that corresponds to the shape of the desired fiber molded product.
Add fiber defibration solution. This defibrating solution used water containing an anionic surfactant and a starch binder. In addition, the alumina short fibers have a diameter of approximately 2.5~
3μm, length approximately 300-5000μm. This defibrating liquid was suctioned and filtered, and a first fiber aggregate was formed on the filtered surface.

A defibrating liquid for second fibers made of silicon carbide whiskers was placed in the filter having the first fiber aggregate formed as described above. The silicon carbide whiskers have a diameter of approximately
The diameter is 0.1-1 μm and the length is about 500-200 μm. Then, the defibrating liquid was suction-filtered to form a second fiber assembly made of second fibers integrated on the upper surface of the first fiber assembly. This molded body was then dried to obtain a fiber molded body.

A fiber molded body 28 formed by overlapping the lower surfaces of each of the two first fiber aggregates described above
is placed in a cavity 25 of a predetermined shape of a casting mold (upper mold 22, lower mold 23) of a predetermined shape, as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the molten aluminum alloy (A390 alloy) is brought into contact with, pressurized and infiltrated into the molded body 28 using the pressure plunger 27, and then cooled to form the rotor shown in FIG. 1 made of fiber-reinforced metal composite material. Manufactured.

In the swash plate type compressor of this embodiment, the two surface parts 1 and 1' forming the swash plate are made of fiber-reinforced metal in which a fiber molded body in which the first fiber and the second fiber are integrally formed is embedded. and the swash plate has a second
A rotor with a structure in which fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal is used. Therefore, the rotor has extremely excellent seizure resistance and wear resistance. Therefore, this swash plate type compressor is durable in terms of seizure resistance and wear resistance.

Further, in the rotor used in this embodiment, the interior 2 of the two surface portions 1 and 1' is composed of a first fiber-reinforced metal composite material mainly consisting of short fibers. Therefore, the rotor has excellent strength and a low coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, the swash plate type compressor of this embodiment exhibits durability against mechanical strength, suppresses thermal expansion during operation, maintains a constant clearance with the shoe, and prevents the swash plate from locking with the shoe.

Further, in this rotor, short fibers are used as a backup material, so that the rotor can be manufactured with high production efficiency.

From the above, this rotor has excellent seizure resistance, wear resistance, low thermal expansion, and toughness. Therefore, the swash plate compressor of the present invention has excellent durability in terms of seizure resistance and the like.

[Effects of the Invention] The present invention provides a swash plate type compressor in which at least the surface portion forming the swash plate of the rotor used therein is fiber-reinforced in which a fiber molded body consisting of a first fiber aggregate and a second fiber aggregate is embedded. The swash plate is made of metal and has a structure in which the second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal. Therefore, the rotor has excellent seizure resistance and wear resistance. Further, the inside of the surface portion can be made of a metal composite material reinforced with first fibers that are inexpensive and have excellent heat resistance, mechanical strength, and the like. Therefore, it is possible to suppress thermal expansion during operation, maintain a constant clearance with the shoe, and prevent the swash plate from locking with the shoe.

Further, in the above rotor, the first fiber, which is inexpensive, has strong mechanical strength, and is heat resistant, can be used as a backup material on the back side of the second fiber. Further, since the boundary between each aggregate of the first fibers and the second fibers has a mixed layer of both fibers, the fiber molded product has higher strength than one reinforced only with whiskers. Therefore, in this rotor, it can be manufactured at low cost, and the flow of the molten metal is improved, making compounding extremely easy. In addition, it can withstand high pressure in molten metal forging, making high-pressure casting possible, resulting in extremely high production efficiency.

Since this rotor is made of fiber-reinforced metal whose outermost surface is reinforced with second fibers mainly composed of whiskers, an aluminum alloy with a low silicon content can be used as the base metal material. Therefore, in the rotor, the distribution of primary silicon does not become non-uniform and the rotor has excellent toughness. This effect occurs when the inside of this rotor is made of base metal.
Particularly remarkable.

In this rotor, the coefficient of thermal expansion in the thickness direction can be controlled by changing the fiber volume fraction of the first fiber and the fiber volume fraction of the second fiber, so changes in shew clearance due to temperature rise during operation can be controlled. Can be made smaller.

As described above, the rotor used in the present invention has characteristics superior to those of the conventional rotor as described above. Therefore, in the swash plate type compressor of the present invention, even under severe sliding conditions, the rotor has little wear, and there is no seizure or locking of the swash plate and shoe, making it possible to avoid failures caused by the rotor. can.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a rotor according to this embodiment in which the fiber molded body is thick. FIG. 2 is a front view of a rotor in which the fiber molded body is in the form of a thin plate.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the swash plate compressor according to this embodiment. Figure 4 shows the first part of the fiber molded body.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a boundary between a fiber aggregate and a second fiber aggregate. FIG. 5 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a state in which a fiber aggregate is arranged in a cavity of a molten metal forging device used for manufacturing a rotor used in a swash plate type compressor of this embodiment. FIG. 6 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of a state in which a thin plate-like fiber molded body is placed in a cavity of a molten metal forging device when manufacturing a rotor using the fiber molded body. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Surface part, 2... First fiber reinforced metal composite material part, 3... Second fiber reinforced metal composite material part, 4... Mixed layer reinforced metal composite material part of both fibers, 5... Base metal,
2a...first fiber aggregate, 3a...second fiber aggregate,
4a...mixing layer, 6...housing, 7...rotor, 8
... Piston, 8a... Concave portion, 8b... Spherical concave portion, 10... Cylinder bore, 11... Rotating shaft, 12,
13...Bearing, 14...Pin, 15...Valve plate, 16...Front cylinder head, 17...Back plate, 18...Rear cylinder head, 22...
Upper mold, 23... Lower mold, 24... Die base, 25... Cavity, 26... Seki, 27... Pressure plunger, 28... Fiber molded body, 29... Baseboard.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A housing having a plurality of cylinder bores provided parallel to an axis, a rotor rotated by a rotating shaft within the housing and having a swash plate facing the cylinder bore, and a rotor that slides within the cylinder bore. A swash plate compressor comprising a movably fitted piston, and an intermediate member interposed between the swash plate of the rotor and the piston, and causing the piston to reciprocate as the rotor rotates, At least the surface portion forming the swash plate of the rotor is made of first fibers mainly consisting of short fibers.
A fiber-reinforced metal in which a fiber molded body consisting of a fiber aggregate and a second fiber aggregate composed of a second fiber mainly composed of whiskers integrally formed on one surface of the first fiber aggregate is embedded. 1. A swash plate compressor comprising: a swash plate having a structure in which the second fibers are exposed on the surface of the base metal. 2 The metal is aluminum, aluminum alloy,
A swash plate compressor according to claim 1, comprising one of magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper and copper alloy. 3. The swash plate type compressor according to claim 1, wherein the short fibers are alumina short fibers, alumina-silica short fibers, or glass short fibers, and the whiskers are silicon carbide whiskers or silicon nitride whiskers. 4. The swash plate compressor according to claim 1, wherein the second fiber aggregate contains one or more of molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, lead oxide, and boron nitride.