US20020163344A1 - Insulated device diagnosing system and partial discharge detecting method - Google Patents
Insulated device diagnosing system and partial discharge detecting method Download PDFInfo
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- US20020163344A1 US20020163344A1 US10/186,945 US18694502A US2002163344A1 US 20020163344 A1 US20020163344 A1 US 20020163344A1 US 18694502 A US18694502 A US 18694502A US 2002163344 A1 US2002163344 A1 US 2002163344A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1254—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of gas-insulated power appliances or vacuum gaps
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/16—Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
Definitions
- This gas-insulated device is advantageous in its compactness and in its elimination of the exposed charging unit of a grounded tank, but is defective in difficulty in diagnosis for the maintenance, attributed to the high performance, the increase in the time period for the maintaining and repairing works, and the marked lowering of the insulation reliability when the inside becomes abnormal. Similar problems are caused in transformers using oil insulation or in cables using solid insulation by the increases in the size of the device or in the transmission distance.
- One cause of the lowering of the insulation reliability is the non-uniform electric field.
- SF 6 gas used in gas insulated device, exhibits an especially excellent insulating characteristics in a non-uniform electric field, but the insulating characteristics extremely drop under the non-uniform electric field.
- the factors disturbing the field distribution in a gas insulating device can be defects such as flaws in the surface of high-voltage conductors or a metal foreign matter having enter the inside during the assembly or transportation. Other conceivable factors may be an imperfect contact of high-voltage conductors due to assembly mistakes or defects such as voids in the insulation spacer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an insulated device diagnosing system and a partial discharge detecting method, which can detect partial discharge accurately even for a different structure and circuitry of a device and for different place where partial discharge occurs.
- an insulated device diagnosing system comprising: an antenna provided in an insulated device; a pattern generator for receiving a partial discharge signal from the antenna and preparing detection data such that periodic elements are given to a plurality of specific frequencies; a neuro computer or a finger printing method operation unit for operating the detection data prepared by the pattern generator; and a judgment unit for diagnosing the extent of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of the device from the operation result of the operation unit. Moreover, the distribution of the frequency components of the detection signal is also measured for specifying the specific frequencies to be detected.
- the insulated device is a gas insulated breaker
- the partial discharge signals coming from plurality of antenna provided at different positions in the gas insulated breaker are individually measured synchronously, the partial discharge is located from the spectral pattern of the detection data between the same frequencies or intensity ratio.
- a partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; preparing detection data which are given periodic elements at a plurality of specific frequencies of the partial discharge signal; and diagnosing the extent of abnormality, deterioration or lifetime of the device from the pattern or intensity of the prepared detection data.
- a partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; determining the intensity in which the partial discharge signal is expanded for each frequency by an FFT or a spectral analyzer to select a plurality of specific frequencies having high intensities, detecting the intensity of each frequency of the partial discharge signal to select a plurality of specific frequencies of which the intensities exceed a predetermined value, or selecting the frequency having the highest intensity from the plural specific frequencies; preparing detection data, which are given periodic elements at a specific frequency selected; and processing at least one of the detection data or displaying the same on a screen to detect the partial discharge.
- a partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; preparing detection data such that a plurality of specific frequencies of a partial discharge signal are given periodic elements; preparing sampling data by differentiating either averaged data averaged from detection data of different frequencies or known data from the respective detection data, or by differentiating the intensities of the detection data which are detected by antennae provided in different positions, between identical frequencies; and diagnosing the extent of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of the device from the pattern or intensities of the prepared sampling data.
- the extent or kind of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of the device is diagnosed by processing the detection data by a neuro or a finger printing method.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulate device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulating device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the principle of measurement
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 10;
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulating device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 14;
- FIG. 16 is diagrams illustrating an example of partial discharge due to a conductive foreign matter
- FIG. 17 is diagrams illustrating examples of a partial discharge spectrum when a spacer cracks and separates
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the noise level when electromagnetic waves in the device are measured.
- FIG. 19 is diagrams illustrating the intensity distributions with respect to voltage phase angles and the kinds of defect.
- an insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment is constructed to comprise: an antenna 1 for receiving electromagnetic waves generated from partial discharge, provided in an insulated device such as a gas-insulated device, a transformer or a cable; an amplifier 2 for receiving and amplifying the signal coming from the antenna 1 ; a synchronizing element signal generator 4 for generating a synchronizing element signal; a plurality of spectral analyzers 3 for receiving the signal of the synchronizing element signal generator 4 and the signal amplified by the amplifier 2 , to perform frequency analysis at specific frequencies; a pattern generator 5 for generating a pattern which is synchronized with time by the synchronizing element signal at the plural analyzed frequencies, i.e., a pattern which has an intensity distribution of a specific frequency with respect to a voltage phase angle; a pattern comparator 6 for comparing the patterns which are produced by the pattern generator 5 ; and a judgment unit 7 for making a judgment on the basis of the result of the pattern comparator 6 .
- an antenna 1 for receiving electromagnetic waves generated from partial discharge,
- the frequencies are fixed different frequencies determined by inputting signals such as pseudo pulses in advance to the device and by measuring them
- the pattern generator 5 generates a pattern to which are added the synchronizing element and the spectral intensity by superposing the sinusoidal waveform as the synchronizing element and the specific analyzed frequencies.
- the detection data having the time elements can be synchronously prepared during the operation, so that the signal of the partial discharge can be discriminated from noises by comparing the pattern of the detected data at each frequency with the fundamental data.
- the frequency distribution and magnitude of the electromagnetic waves generated by partial discharge are changed by the circuitry of a power device or the location of the partial discharge. Since the electromagnetic waves are compared for the specific frequencies, however, the noises and the signal of the partial discharge can be discriminated from each other because correlation can be achieved with the patterns.
- the lifetime up to dielectric breakdown can be estimated from the intensity of the detection data obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
- the portion for the pattern comparison is processed by a neuro computer 8 .
- This neuro computer can make judgment about even an unknown pattern highly precisely and is suited for the diagnosis by giving it teacher data in advance.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
- the pattern comparison is performed by a finger printing method (hereinafter referred to also as the FP method).
- the insulated device diagnosing system is equipped with a memory unit 10 for storing a database and an FP method operation unit 9 connected with the memory unit 10 .
- one spectral analyzer 3 is used for one antenna 1 , as shown in FIG. 4.
- the frequency analysis is made at a plurality of specific frequencies by varying the fixed frequency of the spectral analyzer at preset time intervals by the signal of the synchronizing element signal generator 4 and by a control unit 11 .
- the measurement of a frequency f 2 cannot be performed at the time of measuring a fixed frequency f 1 , so that there is an uncertain element in partial discharge varying with time.
- the method is advantageous in that the number of spectral analyzers can be reduced, thereby providing an economically advantageous aspect and making the measuring system compact.
- the FP method is free from the learning which is necessary for the neuro computer, so that the software can be easily developed.
- the FP method is inferior to the neuro computer in the judgment precision for an unknown pattern.
- the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment thus constructed, not only the kind of defect in the device can be detected with a high sensitivity, but also the situation of the partial discharge can be grasped with a high precision, and hence the extent or kind of deterioration, lifetime or abnormality of the device can be diagnosed highly sensitively and precisely.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of the embodiment
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system.
- the intensity distributions at a plurality of predetermined frequencies with respect to the voltage phase angle and the spectral distributions for frequency distributions are combined to detect partial discharge.
- the signal of the synchronizing element signal generator 4 is added not only to the spectral analyzer 3 shown in FIG. 1 but also to a spectral analyzer 3 d so that the spectral distribution can be synchronously measured by the spectral analyzer 3 d.
- FIG. 6 shows a modification of FIG. 5, in which one spectral analyzer 3 is used for each antenna 1 , as described with reference to FIG. 4, so that the frequency analysis may be performed by varying the fixed frequency of the spectral analyzer 3 and the spectral distribution at preset time intervals by the signal of the synchronizing element signal generator 4 and by the control unit 11 .
- This modification also has effects similar to those of the description of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for illustrating a data preparing method
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment.
- averaged data and sampling data are prepared from the detected data for different specific frequencies.
- the averaged data are prepared by adding and averaging the data of frequencies f 1 , f 2 and f 3
- the sampling data are prepared by differentiating the averaged data from the data of the frequency f 2 , for example.
- the averaged data are the averaged intensity distributions of the detected data with respect to different specific frequencies.
- noises are present only at the frequency f 3 , for example, it is possible to prepare the data in which the noises are apparently decreased.
- the intensity distribution of the signal is also averaged so that the matching with the fundamental data of partial discharge can be facilitated. If this matching with the pattern of the fundamental data is difficult, it may be improved depending upon the frequency by referring to the sampling data, so that the diagnosing precision of partial discharge can be improved.
- FIG. 8 A specific example of the construction is shown in FIG. 8, in which the signal from the antenna 1 is inputted to and amplified by the amplifier 2 and is fed to the spectral analyzer 3 .
- the synchronizing element signal generator 4 and the control unit 11 .
- the output of the spectral analyzer 3 is connected to an averaged data generator 12 and a differentiator 14 , which are connected to a memory unit 13 .
- the differentiator 14 is connected to a pattern recognition unit 15 such as a neuro computer, which is further connected to the judgment unit 7 .
- the setting of the spectral analyzer 3 is varied at preset time intervals by the control unit 11 , and the then measured signal is inputted to the average data generator 12 to prepare the averaged data, so that the result is stored in the memory unit 13 .
- the averaged data are differentiated from the detection data obtained from spectral analyzer 3 , to prepare the sampling data.
- the partial discharge is measured by inputting the averaged data and the sampling data to the pattern recognition unit 15 so that they may be processed.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the construction of the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment.
- the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment is so constructed as to comprise: an amplifier 2 connected to an antenna 1 ; an FFT 16 connected in parallel with the amplifier 2 ; a differentiator 14 connected to the FFT 16 and to the spectral analyzer 3 through a control unit 11 ; a pattern recognition unit 15 of a neuro computer or the FP method connected to the spectral analyzer 3 ; and the judgment unit 7 connected to the pattern recognition unit 15 .
- both the spectral analyzer 3 and the FFT 16 are employed, and a plurality of frequencies having high spectral intensities are selected by an operation unit, and the detection data are prepared by varying the setting of the spectral analyzer 3 at preset time intervals.
- the range of the frequencies to be selected can be widened, and the frequency to be set can be optimized for the situation of the partial discharge, and therefore the partial discharge can be detected highly sensitively and precisely.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the construction of the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the principle of measurement
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of a modification of FIG. 10.
- each spectral analyzer 3 is connected to a synchronizing element signal generator 4 , which is connected to a pattern generator 5 for preparing synchronized intensity distribution patterns of specific frequencies with respect to voltage phase angles.
- a pattern generator 5 To this pattern generator 5 , moreover, there is connected an operation unit 9 which in turn is connected to a judgment unit.
- the antennae 1 are used to synchronize the measurements at the individual antennae 1 so that not only the parts to be insulation-diagnozed but alto the discharge parts can be located, as will be described with reference to FIG. 11.
- the electromagnetic waves propagated in the SF 6 gas are different in attenuation depending on the frequency, as illustrated in FIG. 11, so that the partial discharge can be located by determining the ratios of the detection data of the same frequency, collected from the antennae. A farther partial discharge can be located with a higher precision by using the detection data for frequencies.
- FIG. 12 shows a diagnosing system in which the FP method is employed but partial discharge is not located, unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 10.
- the system can be simplified to suppress the cost of the system.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment, and shows an insulated device diagnosing system applied to a gas insulated breaker.
- an antenna 1 provided in a gas insulated breaker is connected through an amplifier 2 to a spectral analyzer 3 , so that the frequency analysis is made by changing the fixed frequency of the spectral analyzer 3 and the spectral distribution at preset time intervals by a control unit 11 connected to the spectral analyzer 3 .
- the pattern of the intensity distribution of specific frequencies with respect to the voltage phase angle is prepared by a pattern generator 5 and is processed by a processing system 16 . After this, the processed pattern is inputted to a neuro computer 9 a and an FP method operation unit 9 b, which are respectively connected to memory units 10 a and 10 b stored with databases.
- the spectral distribution made by a spectral distribution generator 5 b is inputted to judgment unit 7 a. All the outputs of the neuro computer 9 a, the FP method operation unit 9 b and the judgment unit 7 a are inputted to a judgment unit 7 b.
- the present embodiment judges in combination both the result that the pattern of the intensity distribution of the specific frequency with respect to the voltage phase angle is operated by the neuro computer 9 a and the FP method operation unit 9 b and the result of the judgment from the frequency spectral distribution, so that the insulation diagnosis of higher precision can be made.
- the present embodiment is effective in major substations requiring especially the reliability.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the construction of the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment
- FIG. 15 shows a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system.
- the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment makes the specific frequencies variable although it is constructed as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 14.
- the present embodiment is advantageous in that a plurality of more appropriate specific frequencies can be selected for various kinds of partial discharge.
- the partial discharge can be detected by preparing the detection data given a periodic element for such one of the selected frequencies that the frequency has the largest difference between the detected intensity and the noise, and by displaying the detection data on a screen or by processing the same.
- this method it is possible to reduce the number of detection data when the state of partial discharge is automatically monitored for a long time.
- the capacity of the memory unit can be reduced to prolong the interval of the maintenance and to suppress the cost.
Abstract
An insulated device diagnosing system capable of judging the deterioration, lifetime, defects and so on of a device highly sensitively and precisely.
The intensity at each voltage phase angle is measured at a plurality of specific frequencies taking high voltage phase angles as the abscissas. The deterioration, lifetime and the kind and extent of abnormality of the device are judged from the pattern and intensity of the spectral distribution which is obtained by peak-holding the measured intensity for some time period.
According to the present invention, partial discharge can be measured highly sensitively and precisely to diagnose the deterioration, lifetime and the extent of defect of the device. As a result, the insulation reliability of the device can be improved, and which part of the device should be repaired/replaced can be grasped before disassembly of the device, thereby cutting the maintenance cost.
Description
- Insulated Device Diagnosing System and Partial Discharge Detecting Method
- In recent years, substation facilities have to be strengthened as the power facilities are installed at remote places or as the supply of power to cities is increased. For these necessities, there have already been spread and serviced gas insulated devices such as so-called gas-insulated breakers or transformers in which a substation device such as a disconnector or breaker is housed in a closed container by using SF6 gas excellent in insulation and arc extinguishing ability to improve the environmental adaptation and to decrease the installation volume per kV.A. This gas-insulated device is advantageous in its compactness and in its elimination of the exposed charging unit of a grounded tank, but is defective in difficulty in diagnosis for the maintenance, attributed to the high performance, the increase in the time period for the maintaining and repairing works, and the marked lowering of the insulation reliability when the inside becomes abnormal. Similar problems are caused in transformers using oil insulation or in cables using solid insulation by the increases in the size of the device or in the transmission distance.
- In order to improve the insulation reliability of the insulated device in its entirety, therefore, a variety of efforts have been made conventionally for appropriate design/manufacture of the device. For one improvement in the capacity of the power supply, confirmation and monitoring of the reliability of the entire device are required and various studies and investigations have been made.
- One cause of the lowering of the insulation reliability is the non-uniform electric field. Especially, SF6 gas, used in gas insulated device, exhibits an especially excellent insulating characteristics in a non-uniform electric field, but the insulating characteristics extremely drop under the non-uniform electric field. The factors disturbing the field distribution in a gas insulating device can be defects such as flaws in the surface of high-voltage conductors or a metal foreign matter having enter the inside during the assembly or transportation. Other conceivable factors may be an imperfect contact of high-voltage conductors due to assembly mistakes or defects such as voids in the insulation spacer. If a non-uniform electric field is established in the gas insulating device by those defects, partial discharge may be caused during the operation, leading to a serious situation such as the breakdown of the entire circuit. This makes it necessary to detect partial discharge reliably before the entire circuit breakdown thereby to prevent such breakdown in advance. From this background, there have been examined methods for detecting partial discharge which may occur not only in a gas insulating device but also in any insulated devices.
- Of these, there is a method of detecting electromagnetic waves which are generated as a result of partial discharge, disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 107174/1989. By this method, there is provided a diagnosis system in which input signals containing many radio frequency band components, received by an antenna provided in an insulated device, are expanded in intensity for every frequency by a spectral analyzer, so that only the presence/absence of partial discharge is detected based on the distribution pattern and level. Another diagnosis system is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 260868/1995, in which the presence/absence of partial discharge and the type of defect are judged from the distribution and intensity of such a spectrum such that period parameters such as the voltage phase angle are given to the intensity of a fixed frequency in the intensity spectrum expanded by the spectral analyzer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an insulated device diagnosing system and a partial discharge detecting method, which can detect partial discharge accurately even for a different structure and circuitry of a device and for different place where partial discharge occurs.
- In order to achieve the above-specified object, according to the present invention, there is provided an insulated device diagnosing system comprising: an antenna provided in an insulated device; a pattern generator for receiving a partial discharge signal from the antenna and preparing detection data such that periodic elements are given to a plurality of specific frequencies; a neuro computer or a finger printing method operation unit for operating the detection data prepared by the pattern generator; and a judgment unit for diagnosing the extent of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of the device from the operation result of the operation unit. Moreover, the distribution of the frequency components of the detection signal is also measured for specifying the specific frequencies to be detected. Moreover, the insulated device is a gas insulated breaker, and the partial discharge signals coming from plurality of antenna provided at different positions in the gas insulated breaker are individually measured synchronously, the partial discharge is located from the spectral pattern of the detection data between the same frequencies or intensity ratio.
- According to the present invention, moreover, there is provided a partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; preparing detection data which are given periodic elements at a plurality of specific frequencies of the partial discharge signal; and diagnosing the extent of abnormality, deterioration or lifetime of the device from the pattern or intensity of the prepared detection data.
- There is further provided a partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; determining the intensity in which the partial discharge signal is expanded for each frequency by an FFT or a spectral analyzer to select a plurality of specific frequencies having high intensities, detecting the intensity of each frequency of the partial discharge signal to select a plurality of specific frequencies of which the intensities exceed a predetermined value, or selecting the frequency having the highest intensity from the plural specific frequencies; preparing detection data, which are given periodic elements at a specific frequency selected; and processing at least one of the detection data or displaying the same on a screen to detect the partial discharge.
- There is further provided a partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; preparing detection data such that a plurality of specific frequencies of a partial discharge signal are given periodic elements; preparing sampling data by differentiating either averaged data averaged from detection data of different frequencies or known data from the respective detection data, or by differentiating the intensities of the detection data which are detected by antennae provided in different positions, between identical frequencies; and diagnosing the extent of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of the device from the pattern or intensities of the prepared sampling data.
- Moreover, the extent or kind of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of the device is diagnosed by processing the detection data by a neuro or a finger printing method.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of one embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulate device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulating device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the principle of measurement;
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 10;
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulating device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of another embodiment of the present invention;
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system shown in FIG. 14;
- FIG. 16 is diagrams illustrating an example of partial discharge due to a conductive foreign matter;
- FIG. 17 is diagrams illustrating examples of a partial discharge spectrum when a spacer cracks and separates;
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the noise level when electromagnetic waves in the device are measured; and
- FIG. 19 is diagrams illustrating the intensity distributions with respect to voltage phase angles and the kinds of defect.
- As shown in FIG. 1, an insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment is constructed to comprise: an
antenna 1 for receiving electromagnetic waves generated from partial discharge, provided in an insulated device such as a gas-insulated device, a transformer or a cable; anamplifier 2 for receiving and amplifying the signal coming from theantenna 1; a synchronizingelement signal generator 4 for generating a synchronizing element signal; a plurality ofspectral analyzers 3 for receiving the signal of the synchronizingelement signal generator 4 and the signal amplified by theamplifier 2, to perform frequency analysis at specific frequencies; apattern generator 5 for generating a pattern which is synchronized with time by the synchronizing element signal at the plural analyzed frequencies, i.e., a pattern which has an intensity distribution of a specific frequency with respect to a voltage phase angle; apattern comparator 6 for comparing the patterns which are produced by thepattern generator 5; and ajudgment unit 7 for making a judgment on the basis of the result of thepattern comparator 6. Here, the frequencies are fixed different frequencies determined by inputting signals such as pseudo pulses in advance to the device and by measuring them Thepattern generator 5 generates a pattern to which are added the synchronizing element and the spectral intensity by superposing the sinusoidal waveform as the synchronizing element and the specific analyzed frequencies. - With this construction, the detection data having the time elements can be synchronously prepared during the operation, so that the signal of the partial discharge can be discriminated from noises by comparing the pattern of the detected data at each frequency with the fundamental data. Specifically, the frequency distribution and magnitude of the electromagnetic waves generated by partial discharge are changed by the circuitry of a power device or the location of the partial discharge. Since the electromagnetic waves are compared for the specific frequencies, however, the noises and the signal of the partial discharge can be discriminated from each other because correlation can be achieved with the patterns. Moreover, the lifetime up to dielectric breakdown can be estimated from the intensity of the detection data obtained.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In the modification, the portion for the pattern comparison is processed by a
neuro computer 8. This neuro computer can make judgment about even an unknown pattern highly precisely and is suited for the diagnosis by giving it teacher data in advance. - FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In the modification of FIG. 3, the pattern comparison is performed by a finger printing method (hereinafter referred to also as the FP method). As shown in FIG. 3, the insulated device diagnosing system is equipped with a
memory unit 10 for storing a database and an FPmethod operation unit 9 connected with thememory unit 10. In this example, moreover, onespectral analyzer 3 is used for oneantenna 1, as shown in FIG. 4. In this method, the frequency analysis is made at a plurality of specific frequencies by varying the fixed frequency of the spectral analyzer at preset time intervals by the signal of the synchronizingelement signal generator 4 and by acontrol unit 11. By this method, the measurement of a frequency f2 cannot be performed at the time of measuring a fixed frequency f1, so that there is an uncertain element in partial discharge varying with time. However, the method is advantageous in that the number of spectral analyzers can be reduced, thereby providing an economically advantageous aspect and making the measuring system compact. - As in this example, the FP method is free from the learning which is necessary for the neuro computer, so that the software can be easily developed. On the other hand, the FP method is inferior to the neuro computer in the judgment precision for an unknown pattern.
- For the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment thus constructed, not only the kind of defect in the device can be detected with a high sensitivity, but also the situation of the partial discharge can be grasped with a high precision, and hence the extent or kind of deterioration, lifetime or abnormality of the device can be diagnosed highly sensitively and precisely.
- Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5, 6. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of the embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the construction of a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system.
- In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the intensity distributions at a plurality of predetermined frequencies with respect to the voltage phase angle and the spectral distributions for frequency distributions are combined to detect partial discharge. Specifically, the signal of the synchronizing
element signal generator 4 is added not only to thespectral analyzer 3 shown in FIG. 1 but also to aspectral analyzer 3 d so that the spectral distribution can be synchronously measured by thespectral analyzer 3 d. With this construction, not only the intensity distributions at the specific frequencies with respect to the voltage phase angle but also the spectral distributions can be simultaneously measured, imparting the advantages of the measuring methods. - FIG. 6 shows a modification of FIG. 5, in which one
spectral analyzer 3 is used for eachantenna 1, as described with reference to FIG. 4, so that the frequency analysis may be performed by varying the fixed frequency of thespectral analyzer 3 and the spectral distribution at preset time intervals by the signal of the synchronizingelement signal generator 4 and by thecontrol unit 11. This modification also has effects similar to those of the description of FIG. 4. - Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 is a diagram for illustrating a data preparing method, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment.
- In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, averaged data and sampling data are prepared from the detected data for different specific frequencies. As illustrated at the lefthand side of FIG. 7, more specifically, the averaged data are prepared by adding and averaging the data of frequencies f1, f2 and f3, and the sampling data are prepared by differentiating the averaged data from the data of the frequency f2, for example.
- The averaged data are the averaged intensity distributions of the detected data with respect to different specific frequencies. When noises are present only at the frequency f3, for example, it is possible to prepare the data in which the noises are apparently decreased. Moreover, the intensity distribution of the signal is also averaged so that the matching with the fundamental data of partial discharge can be facilitated. If this matching with the pattern of the fundamental data is difficult, it may be improved depending upon the frequency by referring to the sampling data, so that the diagnosing precision of partial discharge can be improved.
- A specific example of the construction is shown in FIG. 8, in which the signal from the
antenna 1 is inputted to and amplified by theamplifier 2 and is fed to thespectral analyzer 3. To thisspectral analyzer 3, there are connected the synchronizingelement signal generator 4 and thecontrol unit 11. The output of thespectral analyzer 3 is connected to an averageddata generator 12 and adifferentiator 14, which are connected to amemory unit 13. Thedifferentiator 14 is connected to apattern recognition unit 15 such as a neuro computer, which is further connected to thejudgment unit 7. - In the insulated device diagnosing system thus constructed, the setting of the
spectral analyzer 3 is varied at preset time intervals by thecontrol unit 11, and the then measured signal is inputted to theaverage data generator 12 to prepare the averaged data, so that the result is stored in thememory unit 13. Next, the averaged data are differentiated from the detection data obtained fromspectral analyzer 3, to prepare the sampling data. The partial discharge is measured by inputting the averaged data and the sampling data to thepattern recognition unit 15 so that they may be processed. - Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the construction of the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment.
- The insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment is so constructed as to comprise: an
amplifier 2 connected to anantenna 1; anFFT 16 connected in parallel with theamplifier 2; adifferentiator 14 connected to theFFT 16 and to thespectral analyzer 3 through acontrol unit 11; apattern recognition unit 15 of a neuro computer or the FP method connected to thespectral analyzer 3; and thejudgment unit 7 connected to thepattern recognition unit 15. In the present embodiment, both thespectral analyzer 3 and theFFT 16 are employed, and a plurality of frequencies having high spectral intensities are selected by an operation unit, and the detection data are prepared by varying the setting of thespectral analyzer 3 at preset time intervals. Thus, the range of the frequencies to be selected can be widened, and the frequency to be set can be optimized for the situation of the partial discharge, and therefore the partial discharge can be detected highly sensitively and precisely. - Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.10 to 12. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the construction of the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment; FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the principle of measurement; and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of a modification of FIG. 10.
- In the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, there are provided a plurality of
antennae 1, to whichspectral analyzers 3 are respectively connected throughamplifiers 2. Eachspectral analyzer 3 is connected to a synchronizingelement signal generator 4, which is connected to apattern generator 5 for preparing synchronized intensity distribution patterns of specific frequencies with respect to voltage phase angles. To thispattern generator 5, moreover, there is connected anoperation unit 9 which in turn is connected to a judgment unit. - In the present embodiment, the
antennae 1 are used to synchronize the measurements at theindividual antennae 1 so that not only the parts to be insulation-diagnozed but alto the discharge parts can be located, as will be described with reference to FIG. 11. For example, the electromagnetic waves propagated in the SF6 gas are different in attenuation depending on the frequency, as illustrated in FIG. 11, so that the partial discharge can be located by determining the ratios of the detection data of the same frequency, collected from the antennae. A farther partial discharge can be located with a higher precision by using the detection data for frequencies. - FIG. 12 shows a diagnosing system in which the FP method is employed but partial discharge is not located, unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 10. Thus, the system can be simplified to suppress the cost of the system.
- Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 13. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the construction of an insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment, and shows an insulated device diagnosing system applied to a gas insulated breaker.
- In the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, an
antenna 1 provided in a gas insulated breaker is connected through anamplifier 2 to aspectral analyzer 3, so that the frequency analysis is made by changing the fixed frequency of thespectral analyzer 3 and the spectral distribution at preset time intervals by acontrol unit 11 connected to thespectral analyzer 3. The pattern of the intensity distribution of specific frequencies with respect to the voltage phase angle is prepared by apattern generator 5 and is processed by aprocessing system 16. After this, the processed pattern is inputted to aneuro computer 9 a and an FPmethod operation unit 9 b, which are respectively connected tomemory units judgment unit 7 a. All the outputs of theneuro computer 9 a, the FPmethod operation unit 9 b and thejudgment unit 7 a are inputted to ajudgment unit 7 b. - Thus, the present embodiment judges in combination both the result that the pattern of the intensity distribution of the specific frequency with respect to the voltage phase angle is operated by the
neuro computer 9 a and the FPmethod operation unit 9 b and the result of the judgment from the frequency spectral distribution, so that the insulation diagnosis of higher precision can be made. As a result, the present embodiment is effective in major substations requiring especially the reliability. - Another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the construction of the insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment, and FIG. 15 shows a modification of the insulated device diagnosing system.
- The insulated device diagnosing system of the present embodiment makes the specific frequencies variable although it is constructed as in the embodiment shown in FIG. 14. As a result, the present embodiment is advantageous in that a plurality of more appropriate specific frequencies can be selected for various kinds of partial discharge. In the example of FIG. 16, the partial discharge can be detected by preparing the detection data given a periodic element for such one of the selected frequencies that the frequency has the largest difference between the detected intensity and the noise, and by displaying the detection data on a screen or by processing the same. By using this method, it is possible to reduce the number of detection data when the state of partial discharge is automatically monitored for a long time. As a result, the capacity of the memory unit can be reduced to prolong the interval of the maintenance and to suppress the cost.
- By selecting a plurality of specific frequencies to prepare the detection data, according to the present invention, it is possible to highly precisely detect electromagnetic waves which are generated from partial discharge varying with the kind and location of the partial discharge and the circuitry of the power device, an to judge the state of the partial discharge highly precisely from the spectral pattern and the intensity between the individual frequencies.
Claims (8)
1. An insulated device diagnosing system comprising: an antenna provided in an insulated device; a pattern generator for receiving a partial discharge signal from said antenna and preparing detection data such that periods elements are given to a plurality of specific frequencies; a neuro computer or a finger printing method operation unit for operating the detection data prepared by said pattern generator; and judgment unit for diagnosing the extent of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of said device from the operation result of said operation unit.
2. An insulated device diagnosing system according to claim 1 , wherein the distribution of the frequency components of the detection signal is also measured for specifying the specific frequencies to be detected.
3. A partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; preparing detection data which are given periodic elements at a plurality of specific frequencies of partial discharge signal; and diagnosing the extent of abnormality, deterioration or lifetime of the device from the pattern or intensity of the prepared detection data.
4. A partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; determining the intensity in which said partial discharge signal is expanded for each frequency by an FFT or a spectral analyzer to select a plurality of specific frequencies from the frequencies having high intensities, detecting the intensity of each frequency of said partial discharge signal to select a plurality of specific frequencies, of which the intensities exceed a predetermined value, or selecting the frequency having the highest intensity from the specific frequencies; preparing detection data which are given periodic elements at a specific frequency selected; and processing at least one of said detection data or displaying the same on a screen to detect the partial discharge.
5. A partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: inputting a partial discharge signal from an input terminal; preparing detection data such that a plurality of specific frequencies of a partial discharge signal are given periodic elements; preparing sampling data by differentiating either averaged data averaged from detection data of different frequencies or known data from the individual detection data, or by differentiating the intensities of the detection data detected by antennae provided in different positions, between identical frequencies; and diagnosing the extent of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of the device from the pattern or the intensities of the prepared sampling data.
6. A partial discharge detecting method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the extent or kind of abnormality, the deterioration or the lifetime of the device is diagnosed by processing said detection data by a neuro or a finger printing method
7. An insulated device diagnosing system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said insulated device is a gas insulated breaker, wherein said partial discharge signals coming from a plurality of antennae provided at different positions in said gas insulated device are measured synchronously, and wherein the partial discharge is located from the spectral patterns or intensity ratios between said detection data between the same frequencies.
8. A partial discharge detecting method comprising the steps of: preparing detection data given periodic elements for one of a plurality of specific frequencies; and processing said detection data or displaying the same on a screen to detect partial discharge.
Priority Applications (1)
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US10/186,945 US20020163344A1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 2002-07-02 | Insulated device diagnosing system and partial discharge detecting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP8328192A JPH10170596A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1996-12-09 | System for diagnosing insulated apparatus and method for detecting partial discharge |
JP8-328192 | 1996-12-09 | ||
US08/986,618 US5982181A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-08 | Insulated device diagnosing system for diagnosing device based upon partial discharge signal data analyzed by frequency |
US09/372,139 US6424162B1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1999-08-11 | Insulated device diagnosing system that prepares detection data from partial discharge signal such that periodic elements are given to different specific frequencies of the partial discharge signal |
US10/186,945 US20020163344A1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 2002-07-02 | Insulated device diagnosing system and partial discharge detecting method |
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US09/372,139 Continuation US6424162B1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1999-08-11 | Insulated device diagnosing system that prepares detection data from partial discharge signal such that periodic elements are given to different specific frequencies of the partial discharge signal |
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US08/986,618 Expired - Lifetime US5982181A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-08 | Insulated device diagnosing system for diagnosing device based upon partial discharge signal data analyzed by frequency |
US09/372,139 Expired - Lifetime US6424162B1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1999-08-11 | Insulated device diagnosing system that prepares detection data from partial discharge signal such that periodic elements are given to different specific frequencies of the partial discharge signal |
US10/186,945 Abandoned US20020163344A1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 2002-07-02 | Insulated device diagnosing system and partial discharge detecting method |
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US08/986,618 Expired - Lifetime US5982181A (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1997-12-08 | Insulated device diagnosing system for diagnosing device based upon partial discharge signal data analyzed by frequency |
US09/372,139 Expired - Lifetime US6424162B1 (en) | 1996-12-09 | 1999-08-11 | Insulated device diagnosing system that prepares detection data from partial discharge signal such that periodic elements are given to different specific frequencies of the partial discharge signal |
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US (3) | US5982181A (en) |
JP (1) | JPH10170596A (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH10170596A (en) | 1998-06-26 |
CN1184940A (en) | 1998-06-17 |
US5982181A (en) | 1999-11-09 |
KR19980063886A (en) | 1998-10-07 |
CN1150406C (en) | 2004-05-19 |
CN1510429A (en) | 2004-07-07 |
KR20060086502A (en) | 2006-08-01 |
US6424162B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 |
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