US20020148664A1 - Three wheel steering assembly - Google Patents
Three wheel steering assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20020148664A1 US20020148664A1 US09/836,693 US83669301A US2002148664A1 US 20020148664 A1 US20020148664 A1 US 20020148664A1 US 83669301 A US83669301 A US 83669301A US 2002148664 A1 US2002148664 A1 US 2002148664A1
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- swing arm
- wheel
- accordance
- hub
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K5/00—Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
- B62K5/02—Tricycles
- B62K5/05—Tricycles characterised by a single rear wheel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D61/00—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern
- B62D61/06—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with only three wheels
- B62D61/065—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with only three wheels with single rear wheel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
- B62D7/06—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins
- B62D7/14—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering
- B62D7/142—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering specially adapted for particular vehicles, e.g. tractors, carts, earth-moving vehicles, trucks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K21/00—Steering devices
- B62K21/005—Steering pivot axis arranged within the wheel, e.g. for a hub center steering arrangement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
- B60G2200/10—Independent suspensions
- B60G2200/13—Independent suspensions with longitudinal arms only
- B60G2200/132—Independent suspensions with longitudinal arms only with a single trailing arm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
- B60G2200/40—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions
- B60G2200/44—Indexing codes relating to the wheels in the suspensions steerable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
- B60G2202/40—Type of actuator
- B60G2202/41—Fluid actuator
- B60G2202/413—Hydraulic actuator
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
- B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
- B60G2204/30—In-wheel mountings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
- B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
- B60G2206/50—Constructional features of wheel supports or knuckles, e.g. steering knuckles, spindle attachments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
- B60G2300/12—Cycles; Motorcycles
- B60G2300/122—Trikes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to vehicles, and, more particularly, to two and three wheeled vehicles which utilize a swing arm upon which the rear wheel is supported.
- Two and three wheel vehicles such as motorcycles most usually steer the vehicle by turning only the front wheel(s).
- the rear wheel generally is in a fixed position to rotate in a generally vertical plane extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
- the rear wheel in motorcycles is frequently supported at the rear end of a swing arm which is pivotably supported at its front end of the chassis or frame of the vehicle.
- the front wheel(s) is pivoted about a generally vertical axis in the direction of the turn.
- the rear tire continues its rotation in a vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axis.
- the lateral force acting on the tire as the vehicle orients its longitudinal axis in the direction of the turn causes the rear tire to “scrub” or slide sideways away from the direction of the turn.
- Such sidewise movement of the rear tire produces tread wear, the potential for loss of control, and loss of speed.
- Another object is to provide such a vehicle rear wheel steering assembly in which the rear wheel is hydraulically pivoted together with the front wheel(s).
- a vehicle which has a chassis with a front and rear ends and a longitudinal axis. At least one front wheel is mounted on the front end of the chassis for rotation about a first horizontal axis and for pivoting about a first vertical axis to control the direction of the vehicle.
- a rigid swing arm has its front end pivotally mounted on the rear end of the chassis for pivoting about a second horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- a wheel mounting assembly arm including a hub and pivot means mounting the hub on the rear end of the swing arm for pivotal movement about a second generally vertical axis with respect to the second horizontal axis and the longitudinal axis.
- Rotatably supported on the hub for rotation about a third horizontal axis is a rear wheel whereby the rear wheel naturally tracks the front wheel in a cooperating turning arc.
- the vehicle includes a shock absorber having a rear end mounted on the rigid swing arm and a front end mounted on the rear end of the chassis to limit the oscillation or pivotal movement of the rigid arm about the second horizontal axis.
- a dampening mechanism having a rear end pivotally mounted to the pivot means and a front end pivotally mounted on the swing arm provides tension and resists movement of the hub about the second vertical axis.
- the rear wheel assembly includes a clevis member with an axle extending therefrom, bearing means on the axle and a wheel rotatably seated on the bearing means.
- the wheel mounting assembly also includes a king pin seated in the clevis member and located on the center line of the rear wheel.
- a bell crank is pivotably connected to the swing arm and supported in the clevis on the king pin, and the bell crank couples the swing arm to the clevis.
- the bell crank is also pivotally connected to one end of the dampening mechanism, and the other end of the dampening mechanism is connected to a strut on the swing arm adjacent its front end.
- the dampening mechanism is a hydraulic steering piston/cylinder coupled to the steering mechanism for the front wheel to effect limited rotation of the bell crank and thereby the rear wheel assembly about the second vertical axis.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the dragging action on the rear tire of a conventional swing arm wheel mounting assembly during turning of the vehicle;
- FIG. 2 is a top view of a swing arm wheel mounting assembly embodying the present invention with the wheel and tire broken away to permit illustration of the hub and bell crank assembly;
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the swing arm/wheel mounting assembly
- FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the components of the assembly excluding the dampening cylinder and shock assembly and with the swing arm only fragmentarily illustrated;
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the improved path of tracking movement of the rear tire provided by the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the present invention in an embodiment in which the hydraulic cylinder on the bell crank is coupled hydraulically to the front wheel steering assembly.
- FIG. 1 therein illustrated diagrammatically is the effect on the fixed rear wheel 12 of the turning of the pivotably mounted front wheels 10 .
- the longitudinal center line of the vehicle is designated by the numeral 14 and parallel lines through the center of the front wheels are designated by the numeral 20 .
- the front wheels 10 are effectively tracking at an angle of about 15° along the lines 18 which are perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the wheels 10 . Because the rear wheel 12 is fixed on the longitudinal axis 14 , it is dragged sideways as the front end of the vehicle turns and tracks along the turning arc designated by the numeral 18 .
- FIGS. 2 - 4 therein illustrated is a swing arm assembly which enables the rear wheel 12 to pivot about a vertical axis as a result of the lateral forces exerted thereon by the turning motion.
- the swing arm assembly is generally designated by the numeral 24 and includes the tubular shaft 26 which is pivotably supported between the brackets 28 on the vehicle chassis (not shown). Extending rearwardly at an angle from the shaft 26 is the tubular swing arm 30 which has at its rearward end a laterally extending intermediate portion 32 and a tubular coupling 34 which is pivotably supported between the ears 37 of the clevis member generally designated by the numeral 36 by the pivot or king pin 38 .
- the axle 48 On the opposite side of the clevis member 36 is the axle 48 upon which is disposed the bearing 50 , the hub 52 and washer 57 , all of which are secured to the axle 48 by the lock nut 56 and cotter pin 55 .
- the wheel 42 is secured to the hub 52 by the lug bolts 62 .
- the rotor 54 Also secured to the clevis member 36 by the bolts 53 is the rotor 54 . Extending about the wheel 42 is the tire 44 .
- crank arm 40 Also mounted on the clevis 36 by the king pin 38 is a crank arm 40 which is keyed to the king pin 38 .
- the outer end of the crank arm 40 supports one end of the piston 46 in the dampening cylinder assembly 47 .
- the other end of the cylinder assembly 47 is supported in the bracket 70 on the swing arm 30 adjacent its forward end.
- a shock absorber assembly 64 is also provided. Its lower end is coupled to the swing arm 30 and its upper end is coupled to the chassis (not shown) and the coil spring 68 absorbs forces as it is compressed between the collars 65 , 67 on the strut 66 during pivoting of the swing arm about the horizontal axis of its mounting to the chassis in accordance with conventional practice.
- the swing arm moves about its pivotal axis on the chassis in its usual manner, and the shock absorber will reduce the oscillation produced by vertical forces caused by bumps, holes and the like.
- the shock absorber will reduce the oscillation produced by vertical forces caused by bumps, holes and the like.
- This lateral force causes pivoting of the wheel assembly about the generally vertical axis of the king pin to allow the rear wheel to follow an arcuate path cooperating with that of the front wheels.
- This pivotal action is limited by the dampening piston cylinder arrangement which returns the rear wheel to its vertical position along the longitudinal axis when the side pressure is reduced or terminated.
- the improved tracking of the rear wheel will facilitate a rapid and safe turn, and reduce the wear on the rear tire.
- the hydraulic coupling of the rear wheel assembly to the front wheel assembly provides faster response.
- the rear wheel assembly of the present invention is one which may be fabricated easily and economically. It enables the rear wheel to track the arc of the front wheel rather than scuffing which produces tire wear, and it also provides better control of the vehicle during turning.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to vehicles, and, more particularly, to two and three wheeled vehicles which utilize a swing arm upon which the rear wheel is supported.
- Two and three wheel vehicles such as motorcycles most usually steer the vehicle by turning only the front wheel(s). In such vehicles, the rear wheel generally is in a fixed position to rotate in a generally vertical plane extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The rear wheel in motorcycles is frequently supported at the rear end of a swing arm which is pivotably supported at its front end of the chassis or frame of the vehicle.
- When such vehicles turn, the front wheel(s) is pivoted about a generally vertical axis in the direction of the turn. However, the rear tire continues its rotation in a vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axis. The lateral force acting on the tire as the vehicle orients its longitudinal axis in the direction of the turn causes the rear tire to “scrub” or slide sideways away from the direction of the turn. Such sidewise movement of the rear tire produces tread wear, the potential for loss of control, and loss of speed.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel vehicle rear wheel assembly which enables the rear wheel to pivot about a generally vertical axis to track more closely the turning radius of the front wheel(s).
- It is also an object to provide such a vehicle rear wheel steering assembly which is relatively easy and economical to fabricate.
- Another object is to provide such a vehicle rear wheel steering assembly in which the rear wheel is hydraulically pivoted together with the front wheel(s).
- It has now been found that the foregoing and related objects may be readily attained in a vehicle which has a chassis with a front and rear ends and a longitudinal axis. At least one front wheel is mounted on the front end of the chassis for rotation about a first horizontal axis and for pivoting about a first vertical axis to control the direction of the vehicle. A rigid swing arm has its front end pivotally mounted on the rear end of the chassis for pivoting about a second horizontal axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- On the rear end of the swing is a wheel mounting assembly arm including a hub and pivot means mounting the hub on the rear end of the swing arm for pivotal movement about a second generally vertical axis with respect to the second horizontal axis and the longitudinal axis. Rotatably supported on the hub for rotation about a third horizontal axis is a rear wheel whereby the rear wheel naturally tracks the front wheel in a cooperating turning arc.
- Preferably, the vehicle includes a shock absorber having a rear end mounted on the rigid swing arm and a front end mounted on the rear end of the chassis to limit the oscillation or pivotal movement of the rigid arm about the second horizontal axis. A dampening mechanism having a rear end pivotally mounted to the pivot means and a front end pivotally mounted on the swing arm provides tension and resists movement of the hub about the second vertical axis.
- The rear wheel assembly includes a clevis member with an axle extending therefrom, bearing means on the axle and a wheel rotatably seated on the bearing means. The wheel mounting assembly also includes a king pin seated in the clevis member and located on the center line of the rear wheel. A bell crank is pivotably connected to the swing arm and supported in the clevis on the king pin, and the bell crank couples the swing arm to the clevis. The bell crank is also pivotally connected to one end of the dampening mechanism, and the other end of the dampening mechanism is connected to a strut on the swing arm adjacent its front end.
- In a preferred embodiment, the dampening mechanism is a hydraulic steering piston/cylinder coupled to the steering mechanism for the front wheel to effect limited rotation of the bell crank and thereby the rear wheel assembly about the second vertical axis.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the dragging action on the rear tire of a conventional swing arm wheel mounting assembly during turning of the vehicle;
- FIG. 2 is a top view of a swing arm wheel mounting assembly embodying the present invention with the wheel and tire broken away to permit illustration of the hub and bell crank assembly;
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the swing arm/wheel mounting assembly;
- FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the components of the assembly excluding the dampening cylinder and shock assembly and with the swing arm only fragmentarily illustrated;
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the improved path of tracking movement of the rear tire provided by the present invention; and
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the present invention in an embodiment in which the hydraulic cylinder on the bell crank is coupled hydraulically to the front wheel steering assembly.
- Turning first to FIG. 1, therein illustrated diagrammatically is the effect on the fixed
rear wheel 12 of the turning of the pivotably mountedfront wheels 10. The longitudinal center line of the vehicle is designated by thenumeral 14 and parallel lines through the center of the front wheels are designated by the numeral 20. Thefront wheels 10 are effectively tracking at an angle of about 15° along thelines 18 which are perpendicular to the axes of rotation of thewheels 10. Because therear wheel 12 is fixed on thelongitudinal axis 14, it is dragged sideways as the front end of the vehicle turns and tracks along the turning arc designated by thenumeral 18. - Turning now to FIGS.2-4, therein illustrated is a swing arm assembly which enables the
rear wheel 12 to pivot about a vertical axis as a result of the lateral forces exerted thereon by the turning motion. The swing arm assembly is generally designated by thenumeral 24 and includes the tubular shaft 26 which is pivotably supported between thebrackets 28 on the vehicle chassis (not shown). Extending rearwardly at an angle from the shaft 26 is thetubular swing arm 30 which has at its rearward end a laterally extendingintermediate portion 32 and atubular coupling 34 which is pivotably supported between theears 37 of the clevis member generally designated by thenumeral 36 by the pivot orking pin 38. - On the opposite side of the
clevis member 36 is theaxle 48 upon which is disposed the bearing 50, the hub 52 andwasher 57, all of which are secured to theaxle 48 by thelock nut 56 and cotter pin 55. Thewheel 42 is secured to the hub 52 by thelug bolts 62. - Also secured to the
clevis member 36 by the bolts 53 is therotor 54. Extending about thewheel 42 is thetire 44. - Also mounted on the
clevis 36 by theking pin 38 is acrank arm 40 which is keyed to theking pin 38. The outer end of thecrank arm 40 supports one end of thepiston 46 in thedampening cylinder assembly 47. The other end of thecylinder assembly 47 is supported in thebracket 70 on theswing arm 30 adjacent its forward end. - As seen in FIG. 2, a
shock absorber assembly 64 is also provided. Its lower end is coupled to theswing arm 30 and its upper end is coupled to the chassis (not shown) and thecoil spring 68 absorbs forces as it is compressed between thecollars - In the operation of this embodiment, the swing arm moves about its pivotal axis on the chassis in its usual manner, and the shock absorber will reduce the oscillation produced by vertical forces caused by bumps, holes and the like. When the driver turns the front wheel(s) in any direction, there is a lateral force applied to rear wheel. This lateral force causes pivoting of the wheel assembly about the generally vertical axis of the king pin to allow the rear wheel to follow an arcuate path cooperating with that of the front wheels. This pivotal action is limited by the dampening piston cylinder arrangement which returns the rear wheel to its vertical position along the longitudinal axis when the side pressure is reduced or terminated.
- Turning now to the embodiment of FIG. 6, the dampening piston/
cylinder cylinder Hoses 104 are connected to thehydraulic steering system 106 for thefront wheels 10. When the operator acts to turn thefront wheels 10, hydraulic fluid is also acting on thepiston 101 in thecylinder 102 which in turn applies a pivotal force to thebell crank 40 to effect pivoting of the rear wheel about the king pin of the rear wheel assembly. - It will be readily appreciated that not all elements of the rear wheel mounting system have been illustrated such as calipers and other brake elements. Moreover, various of the components may be made from reinforced synthetic resins.
- The improved tracking of the rear wheel will facilitate a rapid and safe turn, and reduce the wear on the rear tire. In the preferred embodiment, the hydraulic coupling of the rear wheel assembly to the front wheel assembly provides faster response.
- Thus, it can be seen from the foregoing detailed specification and drawings that the rear wheel assembly of the present invention is one which may be fabricated easily and economically. It enables the rear wheel to track the arc of the front wheel rather than scuffing which produces tire wear, and it also provides better control of the vehicle during turning.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/836,693 US6464030B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2001-04-17 | Three wheel steering assembly |
PCT/US2002/010354 WO2002083485A1 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-04-02 | Three wheel steering assembly |
EP02723746A EP1379425A1 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-04-02 | Three wheel steering assembly |
US10/271,424 US6883629B2 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-15 | Vehicle with one-sided swing arm |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/836,693 US6464030B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2001-04-17 | Three wheel steering assembly |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/271,424 Continuation-In-Part US6883629B2 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-15 | Vehicle with one-sided swing arm |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6464030B1 US6464030B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
US20020148664A1 true US20020148664A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
Family
ID=25272507
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/836,693 Expired - Lifetime US6464030B1 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2001-04-17 | Three wheel steering assembly |
US10/271,424 Expired - Fee Related US6883629B2 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-15 | Vehicle with one-sided swing arm |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/271,424 Expired - Fee Related US6883629B2 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-15 | Vehicle with one-sided swing arm |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6464030B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1379425A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002083485A1 (en) |
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US8342548B1 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2013-01-01 | Motor Trike, Inc. | Lateral air bag for trike suspension |
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US8313121B2 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2012-11-20 | Deakin University | Chassis for pneumatic vehicle |
US8342283B2 (en) * | 2008-09-29 | 2013-01-01 | Deakin University | Pneumatic powertrain for an automotive vehicle |
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US5431243A (en) | 1992-01-23 | 1995-07-11 | Richards; Donald C. | Three wheeled vehicle with all wheel steering |
US5248011A (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1993-09-28 | Richards Donald C | Three wheeled vehicle having driven front wheels and steerable rear wheel |
FR2740092B1 (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1998-01-02 | Thuliez Jean Luc | ULTRA-LIGHT ROAD VEHICLE |
US5960901A (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-10-05 | Corbin Pacific, Inc. | Battery-powered vehicle |
US6367824B1 (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2002-04-09 | Avantec Corporation | Tricycle |
-
2001
- 2001-04-17 US US09/836,693 patent/US6464030B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-04-02 WO PCT/US2002/010354 patent/WO2002083485A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-04-02 EP EP02723746A patent/EP1379425A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-15 US US10/271,424 patent/US6883629B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20090280718A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-11-12 | Mattel, Inc. | Three wheeled toy vehicle |
EP2097145A4 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2012-01-25 | Mattel Inc | Three wheeled toy vehicle |
US8430713B2 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2013-04-30 | Mattel, Inc. | Three wheeled toy vehicle |
EP2097145A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2009-09-09 | Mattel, Inc. | Three wheeled toy vehicle |
US8342548B1 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2013-01-01 | Motor Trike, Inc. | Lateral air bag for trike suspension |
US8899372B1 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2014-12-02 | Motor Trike, Inc. | Air spring linearizing suspension |
US8607914B2 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-12-17 | Hyundai Motor Company | Rear suspension for three-wheeled car |
US8857551B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2014-10-14 | Hyundai Motor Company | Rear suspension for three-wheeled car |
US20130161920A1 (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-06-27 | Hyundai Motor Company | Rear suspension for three-wheeled car |
US8727057B2 (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2014-05-20 | Hyundai Motor Company | Rear suspension for three-wheeled car |
JP2013133099A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-07-08 | Hyundai Motor Co Ltd | Rear wheel suspension of three-wheeled automobile |
CN103171389A (en) * | 2011-12-26 | 2013-06-26 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Rear suspension for three-wheeled car |
WO2014094899A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Recticel N. V. | Human powered land vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6883629B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 |
US20030057006A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
WO2002083485A1 (en) | 2002-10-24 |
US6464030B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 |
EP1379425A1 (en) | 2004-01-14 |
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