US20020035094A1 - Substituted pyridine compounds and methods of use - Google Patents

Substituted pyridine compounds and methods of use Download PDF

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US20020035094A1
US20020035094A1 US09/932,281 US93228101A US2002035094A1 US 20020035094 A1 US20020035094 A1 US 20020035094A1 US 93228101 A US93228101 A US 93228101A US 2002035094 A1 US2002035094 A1 US 2002035094A1
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alkyl
chloro
radical
methyl
heteroaryl
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Nathan Mantlo
Stephen Schlachter
John Josey
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Amgen Inc
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Definitions

  • the present invention comprises a new class of compounds useful in treating diseases, such as TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases and other maladies, such as pain, cancer, and diabetes.
  • diseases such as TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases and other maladies, such as pain, cancer, and diabetes.
  • the compounds of the invention are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases or conditions involving inflammation.
  • This invention also relates to intermediates and processes useful in the preparation of such compounds.
  • Interleukin-1 IL-1
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor a TNF- ⁇
  • IL-1 IL-1
  • TNF- ⁇ Tumor Necrosis Factor a
  • IL-1 stimuli e.g., lipopolysaccharide—LPS
  • LPS lipopolysaccharide
  • osmotic shock and peroxide e.g., osmotic shock and peroxide
  • Elevated levels of TNF- ⁇ and/or IL-1 over basal levels have been implicated in mediating or exacerbating a number of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis; Pagets disease; osteophorosis; multiple myeloma; uveititis; acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia; pancreatic ⁇ cell destruction; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; allergic rhinitis; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; contact dermatitis; asthma; muscle degeneration; cachexia; Reiter's syndrome; type I and type II diabetes; bone resorption diseases; graft vs.
  • rheumatoid arthritis Pagets disease; osteophorosis; multiple myeloma; uveititis; acute and chronic myelogenous leuk
  • HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses (including HSV-1, HSV-2), and herpes zoster are also exacerbated by TNF- ⁇ .
  • TNF- ⁇ plays a role in head trauma, stroke, and ischemia.
  • TNF- ⁇ levels increased in the contused hemisphere (Shohami et al., J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14, 615 (1994)).
  • TNF- ⁇ mRNA of TNF- ⁇ increased in a rat model of ischemia wherein the middle cerebral artery was occluded.
  • TNF- ⁇ mRNA of TNF- ⁇ increased (Feurstein et al., Neurosci. Lett. 164, 125 (1993)).
  • Administration of TNF- ⁇ into the rat cortex has been reported to result in significant neutrophil accumulation in capillaries and adherence in small blood vessels.
  • TNF- ⁇ promotes the infiltration of other cytokines (IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6) and also chemokines, which promote neutrophil infiltration into the infarct area (Feurstein, Stroke 25, 1481 (1994)). TNF- ⁇ has also been implicated to play a role in type II diabetes (Endocrinol. 130, 43-52, 1994; and Endocrinol. 136, 1474-1481, 1995).
  • TNF- ⁇ appears to play a role in promoting certain viral life cycles and disease states associated with them.
  • TNF- ⁇ secreted by monocytes induced elevated levels of HIV expression in a chronically infected T cell clone (Clouse et al., J. Immunol. 142, 431 (1989)).
  • Lahdevirta et al., ( Am. J. Med. 85, 289 (1988)) discussed the role of TNF- ⁇ in the HIV associated states of cachexia and muscle degradation.
  • TNF- ⁇ is upstream in the cytokine cascade of inflammation. As a result, elevated levels of TNF- ⁇ may lead to elevated levels of other inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8.
  • Elevated levels of IL-1 over basal levels have been implicated in mediating or exacerbating a number of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; muscle degeneration; cachexia; Reiter's syndrome; type I and type II diabetes; bone resorption diseases; ischemia reperfusion injury; atherosclerosis; brain trauma; multiple sclerosis; sepsis; septic shock; and toxic shock syndrome.
  • Viruses sensitive to TNF-a inhibition e.g., HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, are also affected by IL-1.
  • TNF- ⁇ and IL-1 appear to play a role in pancreatic ⁇ cell destruction and diabetes.
  • Pancreatic ⁇ cells produce insulin which helps mediate blood glucose homeostasis. Deterioration of pancreatic ⁇ cells often accompanies type I diabetes. Pancreatic ⁇ cell functional abnormalities may occur in patients with type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is characterized by a functional resistance to insulin. Further, type II diabetes is also often accompanied by elevated levels of plasma glucagon and increased rates of hepatic glucose production.
  • Glucagon is a regulatory hormone that attenuates liver gluconeogenesis inhibition by insulin. Glucagon receptors have been found in the liver, kidney and adipose tissue.
  • glucagon antagonists are useful for attenuating plasma glucose levels (WO 97/16442, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). By antagonizing the glucagon receptors, it is thought that insulin responsiveness in the liver will improve, thereby decreasing gluconeogenesis and lowering the rate of hepatic glucose production.
  • IL-1 is a more potent inducer of stromelysin than is TNF- ⁇ (Firestein, Am. J. Pathol. 140, 1309 (1992)).
  • TNF- ⁇ Firestein, Am. J. Pathol. 140, 1309 (1992)
  • neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte emigration has been observed. The emigration is attributed to the induction of chemokines (e.g., IL-8), and the up-regulation of adhesion molecules (Dinarello, Eur. Cytokine Netw. 5, 517-531 (1994)).
  • IL-1 also appears to play a role in promoting certain viral life cycles.
  • cytokine-induced increase of HIV expression in a chronically infected macrophage line has been associated with a concomitant and selective increase in IL-1 production (Folks et al., J. Immunol. 136, 40 (1986)).
  • Beutler et al. J. Immunol. 135, 3969 (1985)
  • Baracos et al. New Eng. J. Med. 308, 553 (1983)
  • IL-1 in muscle degeneration.
  • IL-8 has been implicated in exacerbating and/or causing many disease states in which massive neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation or injury (e.g., ischemia) is mediated by the chemotactic nature of IL-8, including, but not limited to, the following: asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, thrombosis and glomerulonephritis.
  • IL-8 also has the ability to activate neutrophils. Thus, reduction in IL-8 levels may lead to diminished neutrophil infiltration.
  • TNF- ⁇ Several approaches have been taken to block the effect of TNF- ⁇ .
  • the present invention also relates to a method of treating cancer which is mediated by Raf and Raf-inducable proteins.
  • Raf proteins are kinases activated in response to extracellular mitogenic stimuli such as PDGF, EGF, acidic FGF, thrombin, insulin or endothelin, and also in response to oncoproteins such as v-src, v-sis, and v-fms.
  • Raf functions downstream of ras in signal transduction from the cellular membrane to the nucleus.
  • Compounds in the present invention may be oncolytics through the antagonism of Raf kinase.
  • Antisense constructs which reduce cellular levels of c-Raf and hence Raf activity inhibit the growth of rodent fibroblasts in soft agar, while exhibiting little or no general cytotoxicity. This inhibition of growth in soft agar is highly predictive of tumor responsiveness in whole animals. Moreover Raf antisense constructs have shown efficacy in reducing tumor burden in animals.
  • cancers where Raf kinase is implicated by overexpression include cancers of the brain, larynx, lung, lymphatic system, urinary tract and stomach, including hystocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancers.
  • Other examples include cancers involving overexpression of upstream activators of Raf or Raf-activating oncogenes, including pancreatic and breast carcinoma.
  • Substituted imidazole and pyrrole compounds have been described for use in the treatment of cytokine mediated diseases by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF.
  • Substituted imidazoles for use in the treatment of cytokine mediated diseases have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,992; WO 93/14081; WO 97/18626; WO 96/21452; WO 96/21654; WO 96/40143; WO 97/05878; WO 97/05878; (each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • Substituted imidazoles for use in the treatment of inflammation has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,807 (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • Substituted pyrrole compounds for use in the treatment of cytokine mediated diseases have been described in WO 97/05877; WO 97/05878; WO 97/16426; WO 97/16441; and WO 97/16442 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • Substituted 2-aminopyridine compounds have been described as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for use in the treatment of inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders and disorders of gastrointestinal motility in WO 96/18616 and WO 96/18617.
  • Diaryl substituted pyridine compounds have been described for use in the treatment of inflammation and inflammation related disorders in WO 96/24584 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,008.
  • JP 6135934 describes substituted pyridine compounds as phospholipase A2 inhibitors for use as antiphlogistic and anti-pancreatitis agents.
  • GB 1,189,188 describes pyrimidin-2-ylamino substituted pyridine compounds as therapeutically valuable compounds for use as antiphlogistic agents.
  • the present invention comprises a new class of compounds useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, such as TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases and other maladies, such as pain, cancer, and diabetes.
  • diseases such as TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases and other maladies, such as pain, cancer, and diabetes.
  • the compounds of the invention are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases or conditions involving inflammation.
  • the invention also comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods for the prophylaxis and treatment of TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases, such as inflammatory, pain and diabetes diseases, using the compounds and compositions of the invention, and intermediates and processes useful for the preparation of the compounds of the invention.
  • R 1 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , X and Y are defined below.
  • X is O, S, S(O), S(O) 2 or NR 2 ; preferably, X is O, S or NR 2 ; more preferably, X is O or NR 2 ; most preferably, X is NR 2 ;
  • Y is —C(O)—NR 3 R 4 or —NR 4 —C(O)—R 3 ;
  • R 1 is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R 18 —Z 18 — or R 18 —Z 18 -alkyl;
  • R 1 is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R 18 —Z 18 — or R 18 —Z 18 —C 1 -C 6 alkyl;
  • R is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R 18 —Z 18 — or R 18 —Z 18 —C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
  • R 1 the total number of aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl radicals in R 1 is 1-3, preferably, 1-2, and provided when Y is —NR 4 —C(O)—R 3 and X is O or S, R 1 is other than a 2-pyrimidinyl radical;
  • R 1 is a radical of the formula
  • R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R 18 —Z 18 — or R 18 —Z 18 —C 1 -C 4 alkyl; provided at least one of R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 and R 25 is hydrogen; and provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 and R 26 is 0-1;
  • R 2 is a hydrogen or alkyl radical; preferably, R 2 is a hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical; more preferably, R 2 is a hydrogen or C 1 -C 2 alkyl radical; more preferably, R 2 is a hydrogen or methyl radical; and most: preferably, R 2 is a hydrogen radical;
  • R 3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R 19 —Z 19 — or R 19 —Z 19 -alkyl; preferably, R 3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R 19 —Z 19 — or R 19 —Z 19 —C 1 -C 6 alkyl; more preferably, R 3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, cyano,
  • R 3 the total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R 3 is 1-3, preferably, 1-2; and provided when Y is —C(O)—NR 3 R 4 , R 3 is other than a phenyl or naphthyl having an amino, nitro, cyano, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl substituent bonded to the ring carbon atom adjacent to the ring carbon atom bonded to —NR 4 —;
  • R 3 is a radical of the formula
  • U is C—R 13 or N;
  • V and W are each independently C—R 12 or N;
  • R 11 and R 13 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino or R 19 —Z 19 —; preferably, R 11 and R 13 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R 19 —O—, R 19 —S(O) 2 —, R 19 —O—C(O)—, R 19 C(O)—, R 19 —NR 21 —C(O)— or R 19 —NR 21 —S(O) 2 —;
  • each R 12 is independently a radical of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, R 31 —Z 31 — or R 31 —Z 31 —C 1 -C 4 alkyl; preferably, each R 12 is independently a radical of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, aminocarbonyl, methylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, aminomethyl, (methylamino)methyl or (dimethylamino)methyl;
  • each R 31 is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each Z 31 is independently —O—, —NR 21 —, —NR 21 —C(O)—, —C(O)—NR 21 —, —NR—S(O) 2 — or —S(O) 2 —NR 21 —;
  • R 4 is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or R 20 —Z 20 -alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy;
  • R 4 is a radical of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or R 20 —Z 20 —C 1 -C 6 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, C 1 -C 5 alkanoylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkyl
  • R 4 is a radical of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or R 20 —Z 20 —C 2 -C 4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • R is a radical of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or R 20 —Z 20 —C 2 -C 4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthiol, ethylthiol, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, acetylamino, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • R 4 is a radical of hydrogen, methyl or ethyl radical
  • each R 18 is independently a hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy;
  • each R is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, C 1 -C 5 alkanoylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (
  • each R 18 is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 2 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, azido, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each Z 18 is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —CO 2 —, —C(O)—, —NR 21 —, —NR 21 —C(O)—, —C(O)—NR 21 , —NR 21 —S(O) 2 — or —S(O) 2 —NR 21 —; preferably, each Z 18 is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O) 2 —, —CO 2 —, —NR 21 —, —NR 21 —C(O)—, —C(O)—NR 21 —, —NR 21 —S(O) 2 — or —S(O) 2 —NR 21 ;
  • each R 19 is independently a hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy;
  • each R is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, C 1 -C 5 alkanoylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (
  • each R is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each R is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each R is independently a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, phenylmethyl or heteroaryl-methyl radical, wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each Z is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —CO 2 —, —C(O)—, —NR 21 —, —NR 21 —C(O)—, —C(O)—NR 21 —, —NR 21 —S(O) 2 — or —S(O) 2 —NR 21 —; preferably, each Z 21 is independently —O—, —S(O) 2 —, —CO 2 —, —C(O)—, —NR 21 —C(O)—, —C(O)—NR 21 —, —NR 21 —S(O) 2 — or —S(O) 2 —NR 21 —; more preferably, each Z is independently —O—, —S(O) 2 —, —O—C(O)—, —C(O)—, —NR 21 —C(O)— or —
  • each R 20 is independently a hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy;
  • each R 20 is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, C 1 -C 5 alkanoylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy)
  • each R 20 is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 2 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each R 20 is independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C 1 -C 2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C 1 -C 2 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthiol, ethylthiol, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, acetylamino, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each Z is independently —O—, —S, —S(O)—, —S(O) 2 —, —CO 2 —, —C(O)—, —NR 21 —, —NR 21 —C(O)—, —C(O)—NR 21 —, —NR 21 —S(O) 2 — or —S(O) 2 —NR 21 —; preferably, each Z 20 is independently —O— or —NR 21 —;
  • each R is independently a hydrogen or alkyl radical; preferably, each R 21 is independently a hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical; more preferably, each R 21 is independently a hydrogen or methyl radical;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, aminosulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, thiol, alkylthiol, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl or dialkylaminocarbonyl radical;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals, C 1 -C 4 aminoalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, C 1 -C 5 alkanoylamino, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonylamino, aminosulfonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)aminosulfonyl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 hydroxy
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, C 1 -C 4 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino, C 1 -C 5 alkanoylamino, hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) aminocarbonyl or di (C 1 -C 4 alkyl) aminocarbonyl radical;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, C 1 -C 2 alkylamino, di(C 1 -C 2 alkyl)amino, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy radical; most preferably, R 5 and R 6 are each a hydrogen radical;
  • R 7 is a hydrogen, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aminosulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, thiol, alkylthiol, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl or dialkylaminocarbonyl radical;
  • R 7 is a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals, C 1 -C 4 aminoalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)amino-C 1 -C 4 alkyl, aminosulfonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)aminosulfonyl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl, thiol, C 1 -C 4 alkylthiol, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 4 alkylsulfonyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 alky
  • R 7 is a hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 hydroxyalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, carboxy, (C 1 -C 4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C 1 -C 4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C 1 -C 4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical;
  • R 7 is a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy radical; most preferably, R 7 is a hydrogen radical.
  • the compounds of this invention may have in general several asymmetric centers and are typically depicted in the form of racemic mixtures. This invention is intended to encompass racemic mixtures, partially racemic mixtures and separate enantiomers and diasteromers.
  • Compounds of interest include the following:
  • Alkyl alone or in combination, means a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl radical containing preferably 1-15 carbon atoms (C 1 -C 15 ), more preferably 1-8 carbon atoms (C 1 -C 8 ), even more preferably 1-6 carbon atoms (C 1 -C 6 ), yet more preferably 1-4 carbon atoms (C 1 -C 4 ), still more preferably 1-3 carbon atoms (C 1 -C 3 ), and most preferably 1-2 carbon atoms (C 1 -C 2 ).
  • radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl and the like.
  • “Hydroxyalkyl”, alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above wherein at least one hydrogen radical is replaced with a hydroxyl radical, preferably 1-3 hydrogen radicals are replaced by hydroxyl radicals, more preferably 1-2 hydrogen radicals are replaced by hydroxyl radicals, and most preferably one hydrogen radical is replaced by a hydroxyl radical.
  • examples of such radicals include hydroxymethyl, 1-, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-, 2-, 3-hydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propyl, 1,3-dihydroxybutyl, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroxy-2-hexyl and the like.
  • Alkenyl alone or in combination, means a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more double bonds, preferably 1-2: double bonds and more preferably one double bond, and containing preferably 2-15 carbon atoms (C 2 -C 15 ), more preferably 2-8 carbon atoms (C 2 -C 8 ), even more preferably 2-6 carbon atoms (C 2 -C 6 ), yet more preferably 2-4 carbon atoms (C 2 -C 4 ), and still more preferably 2-3 carbon atoms (C 2 -C 3 ).
  • alkenyl radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1,4-butadienyl and the like.
  • Alkoxy alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—O—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “O” is an oxygen atom.
  • alkoxy radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like.
  • Alkoxycarbonyl alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—O—C(O)—C(O)—” wherein “R—O—” is an alkoxy radical as defined above and “C(O)” is a carbonyl radical.
  • Alkoxycarbonylamino alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—O—C(O)—NH—” wherein “R—O—C(O)” is an alkoxycarbonyl radical as defined above, wherein the amino radical may optionally be substituted, such as with alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and the like.
  • Alkylthio alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—S—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “S” is a sulfur atom.
  • alkylthio radicals include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, iso-butylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and the like.
  • Alkylsulfinyl alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—S(O)—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “S(O) 2 ” is a mono-oxygenated sulfur atom.
  • alkylsulfinyl radicals include methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, n-propylsulfinyl, isopropylsulfinyl, n-butylsulfinyl, iso-butylsulfinyl, sec-butylsulfinyl, tert-butylsulfinyl and the like.
  • Alkylsulfonyl alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—S(O) 2 —” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “S(O) 2 ” is a di-oxygenated sulfur atom.
  • alkylsulfonyl radicals include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, iso-butylsulfonyl, sec-butylsulfonyl, tert-butylsulfonyl and the like.
  • Aryl alone or in combination, means a phenyl or biphenyl radical, which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused and which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, amino, azido, nitro, cyano, haloalkyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkyl, alkanoylamino, amido, amidino, alkoxycarbonylamino, N-alkylamidino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, N-alkylamido, N,N-dialkylamido, aralkoxycarbonylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, oxo and the like.
  • aryl radicals are phenyl, o-tolyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-(tert-butoxy)phenyl, 3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-CF 3 -phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-acetamidophenyl, 2-amino-3-(aminomethyl)phenyl, 6-methyl-3-acetamidophenyl, 6-methyl-2-aminophenyl, 6-methyl-2,3-diaminophenyl, 2-amino-3-methylphenyl, 4,6-dimethyl-2-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)phenyl, 2-amino-1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 3-amino-2-naphthyl, 1-methyl-3-amino-2-
  • Alkyl and “arylalkyl”, alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom, preferably 1-2, is replaced by an aryl radical as defined above, such as benzyl, 1-, 2-phenylethyl, dibenzylmethyl, hydroxyphenylmethyl, methylphenylmethyl, diphenylmethyl, dichlorophenylmethyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethyl and the like.
  • Alkoxy alone or in combination, means an alkoxy radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom, preferably 1-2, is replaced by an aryl radical as defined above, such as benzyloxy, 1-, 2-phenylethoxy, dibenzylmethoxy, hydroxyphenylmethoxy, methylphenylmethoxy, dichlorophenylmethoxy, 4-methoxyphenylmethoxy and the like.
  • Alkoxycarbonyl alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—O—C(O)—” wherein “R—O—” is an aralkoxy radical as defined above and “—C(O)—” is a carbonyl radical.
  • Alkanoyl alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—C(O)—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “—C(O)—” is a carbonyl radical.
  • alkanoyl radicals include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, hydroxyacetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, 4-methylvaleryl, and the like.
  • Alkanoylamino alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—C(O)—NH—” wherein “R—C(O)—” is an alkanoyl radical as defined above, wherein the amino radical may optionally be substituted, such as with alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and the like.
  • aminocarbonyl alone or in combination, means an amino substituted carbonyl (carbamoyl) radical, wherein the amino radical may optionally be mono- or di-substituted, such as with alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl and the like.
  • aminosulfonyl alone or in combination, means an amino substituted sulfonyl radical.
  • Benzo alone or in combination, means the divalent radical C 6 H 4 ⁇ derived from benzene.
  • “Benzo fused” forms a ring system in which benzene and a cycloalkyl or aryl group have two carbons in common, for example tetrahydronaphthylene and the like.
  • Bicyclic as used herein is intended to include both fused ring systems, such as naphthyl and ⁇ -carbolinyl, and substituted ring systems, such as biphenyl, phenylpyridyl and diphenylpiperazinyl.
  • Cycloalkyl alone or in combination, means a saturated or partially saturated, preferably one double bond, monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic carbocyclic alkyl radical, preferably monocyclic, containing preferably 5-12 carbon atoms (C 5 -C 12 ), more preferably 5-10 carbon atoms (C 5 -C 1 o), even more preferably 5-7 carbon atoms (C 5 -C 7 ), which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused and which is optionally substituted as defined herein with respect to the definition of aryl.
  • cycloalkyl radicals include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, dihydroxycyclohexyl, ethylenedioxycyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, octahydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, octahydroquinolinyl, dimethoxytetrahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl, azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl and the like.
  • Heteroatoms means nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur heteroatoms.
  • Heterocyclo fused forms a ring system in which a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl group of 5-6 ring members and a cycloalkyl or aryl group have two carbons in common, for example indole, isoquinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, methylenedioxybenzene and the like.
  • Heterocyclyl means a saturated or partially unsaturated, preferably one double bond, monocyclic or bicyclic, preferably monocyclic, heterocycle radical containing at least one, preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3, even more preferably 1-2, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom ring member and having preferably 3-8 ring members in each ring, more preferably 5-8 ring members in each ring and even more preferably 5-6 ring members in each ring.
  • Heterocyclyl is intended to include sulfone and sulfoxide derivatives of sulfur ring members and N-oxides of tertiary nitrogen ring members, and carbocyclic fused, preferably 3-6 ring carbon atoms and more preferably 5-6 ring carbon atoms, and benzo fused ring systems.
  • Heterocyclyl radicals may optionally be substituted on at least one, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, even more preferably 1-2, carbon atoms by halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, oxo, thioxo, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, amidino, N-alkylamidino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino and the like, and/or on a secondary nitrogen atom by hydroxy, alkyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, heteroaralkyl, aryl or aralkyl radicals.
  • heterocyclyl is a radical of a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated heterocyclic ring system having 5-8 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally partially unsaturated or benzo-fused and optionally substituted by 1-2 oxo or thioxo radicals.
  • heterocyclyl radicals examples include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 4-benzyl-piperazin-1-yl, pyrimidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, pyrazolidonyl, pyrazolinyl, pyridazinonyl, pyrrolidonyl, tetrahydrothienyl and its sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives, 2,3-dihydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxo-isoquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl, benzopyranyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, ethylenedioxyphenyl and the like.
  • Heteroaryl means a monocyclic or bicyclic, preferably monocyclic, aromatic heterocycle radical, having at least one, preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3, even more preferably 1-2, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom ring members and having preferably 5-6 ring members in each ring, which is optionally saturated carbocyclic fused, preferably 3-4 carbon atoms (C 3 -C 4 ) to form 5-6 ring membered rings and which is optionally substituted as defined above with respect to the definitions of aryl.
  • heteroaryl groups include imidazolyl, 1-benzyloxycarbonylimidazol-4-yl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, 3-(2-methyl)pyridyl, 3-(4-trifluoromethyl)pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, 5-(4-trifluoromethyl)pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzofuryl, benzimidiazolyl, benzoxazolyl and the like.
  • Heteroaralkyl and “heteroarylalkyl,” alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom, preferably 1-2, is replaced by a heteroaryl radical as defined above, such as 3-furylpropyl, 2-pyrrolyl propyl, chloroquinolinylmethyl, 2-thienylethyl, pyridylmethyl, 1-imidazolylethyl and the like.
  • Halogen and “halo”, alone or in combination, means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo radicals.
  • Haloalkyl alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom, preferably 1-3, is replaced by a halogen radical, more preferably fluoro or chloro radicals.
  • halogen radicals include 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, chloromethyl, 1-bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, bis(trifluoromethyl)methyl and the like.
  • “Pharmacologically acceptable salt” means a salt prepared by conventional means, and are well known by those skilled in the art.
  • the “pharmacologically acceptable salts” include basic salts of inorganic and organic acids, including but not limited to hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid and the like.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cation pairs for the carboxy group are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium, quaternary ammonium cations and the like.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts see infra and Berge et al, J. Pharm . Sci. 66, 1 (1977).
  • Cytokine means a secreted protein that affects the functions of other cells, particularly as it relates to the modulation of interactions between cells of the immune system or cells involved in the inflammatory response.
  • cytokines include but are not limited to interleukin 1 (IL-1), preferably IL-1 ⁇ , interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and TNF, preferably TNF- ⁇ (tumor necrosis factor- ⁇ ).
  • TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 mediated disease or disease state means all disease states wherein TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 plays a role, either directly as TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 itself, or by TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 inducing another cytokine to be released.
  • a disease state in which IL-1 plays a major role, but in which the production of or action of IL-1 is a result of TNF would be considered mediated by TNF.
  • leaving group generally refers to groups readily displaceable by a nucleophile, such as an amine, a thiol or an alcohol nucleophile. Such leaving groups are well known in the art. Examples of such leaving groups include, but are not limited to, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxybenzotriazole, halides, triflates, tosylates and the like. Preferred leaving groups are indicated herein where appropriate.
  • Protecting group generally refers to groups well known in the art which are used to prevent selected reactive groups, such as carboxy, amino, hydroxy, mercapto and the like, from undergoing undesired reactions, such as nucleophilic, electrophilic, oxidation, reduction and the like. Preferred protecting groups are indicated herein where appropriate. Examples of amino protecting groups include, but are not limited to, arylalkyl, substituted aralkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl and substituted cycloalkenyl alkyl, allyl, substituted allyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, silyl and the like.
  • aralkyl examples include, but are not limited to, benzyl, ortho-methylbenzyl, trityl and benzhydryl, which can be optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, acylamino, acyl and the like, and salts, such as phosphonium and ammonium salts.
  • aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, anthracenyl, 9-(9-phenylfluorenyl), phenanthrenyl, durenyl and the like.
  • cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylenylalkyl radicals preferably have 6-10 carbon atoms, include, but are not limited to, cyclohexenyl methyl and the like.
  • Suitable acyl, alkoxycarbonyl and aralkoxycarbonyl groups include benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, iso-butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, substituted benzoyl, butyryl, acetyl, tri-fluoroacetyl, tri-chloro acetyl, phthaloyl and the like.
  • a mixture of protecting groups can be used to protect the same amino group, such as a primary amino group can be protected by both an aralkyl group and an aralkoxycarbonyl group.
  • Amino protecting groups can also form a heterocyclic ring with the nitrogen to which they are attached, for example, 1,2-bis(methylene)benzene, phthalimidyl, succinimidyl, maleimidyl and the like and where these heterocyclic groups can further include adjoining aryl and cycloalkyl rings.
  • the heterocyclic groups can be mono-, di- or tri-substituted, such as nitrophthalimidyl.
  • Amino groups may also be protected against undesired reactions, such as oxidation, through the formation of an addition salt, such as hydrochloride, toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like.
  • an addition salt such as hydrochloride, toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like.
  • Many of the amino protecting groups are also suitable for protecting carboxy, hydroxy and mercapto groups.
  • aralkyl groups are also sutiable groups for protecting hydroxy and mercapto groups, such as tert-butyl.
  • Silyl protecting groups are silicon atoms optionally substituted by one or more alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups. Suitable silyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tri-isopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)ethane and diphenylmethylsilyl. Silylation of an amino groups provide mono- or di-silylamino groups. Silylation of aminoalcohol compounds can lead to a N,N,O-tri-silyl derivative.
  • silyl function from a silyl ether function is readily accomplished by treatment with, for example, a metal hydroxide or ammonium flouride reagent, either as a discrete reaction step or in situ during a reaction with the alcohol group.
  • Suitable silylating agents are, for example, trimethylsilyl chloride, tert-buty-dimethylsilyl chloride, phenyldimethylsilyl chloride, diphenylmethyl silyl chloride or their combination products with imidazole or DMF.
  • Methods for silylation of amines and removal of silyl protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Methods of preparation of these amine derivatives from corresponding amino acids, amino acid amides or amino acid esters are also well known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry including amino acid/amino acid ester or aminoalcohol chemistry.
  • Protecting groups are removed under conditions which will not affect the remaining portion of the molecule. These methods are well known in the art and include acid hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis and the like. A preferred method involves removal of a protecting group, such as removal of a benzyloxycarbonyl group by hydrogenolysis utilizing palladium on carbon in a suitable solvent system such as an alcohol, acetic acid, and the like or mixtures thereof. A t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group can be removed utilizing an inorganic or organic acid, such as HCl or trifluoroacetic acid, in a suitable solvent system, such as dioxane or methylene chloride. The resulting amino salt can readily be neutralized to yield the free amine.
  • a protecting group such as removal of a benzyloxycarbonyl group by hydrogenolysis utilizing palladium on carbon in a suitable solvent system such as an alcohol, acetic acid, and the like or mixtures thereof.
  • a t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group can be removed utilizing an inorgan
  • Carboxy protecting group such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl, tert-butyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethyl and the like, can be removed under hydroylsis and hydrogenolysis conditions well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Procedures for preparing the compounds of this invention are set forth below. It should be noted that the general procedures are shown as it relates to preparation of compounds having unspecified stereochemistry. However, such procedures are generally applicable to those compounds of a specific stereochemistry, e.g., where the stereochemistry about a group is (S) or (R). In addition, the compounds having one stereochemistry (e.g., (R)) can often be utilized to produce those having opposite stereochemistry (i.e., (S)) using well-known methods, for example, by inversion.
  • the compounds of the present invention represented by Formula I above can be prepared utilizing the following general procedures. Hetero - aromatic Nitrogen Compounds; Pyrroles and Pyridines: Schofield, Kenneth; Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.; (1967) and Advances in Nitrogen Heterocycles: JAI Press, Greenwich, Conn.; (1995) describe procedures and references that may be useful in preparing compounds of the present invention.
  • 2-Halo-5-nitro-pyridine analogs, (2) can be treated with the appropriate amine, alcohol, phenol, or thiol (R—X—H) in the presence of base or Cu(I) in an appropriate solvent, such as THF, DMF, DME, DMSO and the like, at a temperature from ⁇ 20° C. to 120° C. to form 2-substituted-5-nitropyridines (3) (Scheme I).
  • Reduction of the nitro group can be perfomed by treatment of (3) with hydrogen gas in the presence of palladium on carbon or Raney nickel, or alternatively, by treatment with SnCl 2 in an alcoholic solvent and in the presence or absence of HCl to obtain 2-substituted-5-aminopyridines (4).
  • the aminopyridines (4) may be alkylated using alkylhalides and an appropriate base or by reductive alkylation employing the appropriate aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxy borohydride, borane-THF and the like, to form the substituted aminopyridines (5).
  • Either (4) or (5) may be acylated with an appropriate acid halide (e.g., R 3 C(O)Cl or R 3 C(O)Br) in the presence of a base, such as pyridine, DMAP and the like, or alternatively may be acylated with an anhydride, either mixed or symmetrical, or alternatively may be acylated by treatment with the appropriate acid (R 3 CO 2 H) in the presence of a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide reagent: to form the final product (1).
  • substituted 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine analogs may be reduced to, substituted 2-bromo-5-aminopyridine analogs by the action of SnBr 2 in methanolic solvent.
  • 6-Substituted-2-halo-5-nitro-pyridine analogs (6) may be prepared from 2,6-dichloro-5-nitropyridine 15 according to the methods outlined in Scheme II.
  • Treatment with one equivalent of an appropriate nucleophile of R 7 or a precursor thereof such as, HO ⁇ , RO ⁇ , AcS ⁇ , NC ⁇ , RS ⁇ and the like) provides (6).
  • Subsequent reaction to form (7) (treatment with R 1 —X—H in the presence of base or Cu(I) in an appropriate solvent, such as THF, DMF, DME, DMSO and the like, at a temperature from —20° C.
  • esters as shown in Scheme I to provide compounds of formula (1).
  • compounds of formula (8) may be hydrolyzed to acids (R 7 ⁇ CO 2 H) of formula (9) using acidic media such as HBr and the like. Utilizing the appropriate N-protecting groups, acids of formula (9) may be transformed into esters, amides and alcohols. Compounds of formula (9) and derivatives described above may be be reacted with an acid halide or an activated ester as shown in Scheme I to provide compounds of formula (1).
  • Compounds of formula (8), where R 7 ⁇ —CN, may be reduced to the primary amine (R 7 ⁇ —CH 2 NH 2 ) using reagents such as BH 3 or hydrogen gas in the presence of palladium on carbon or Raney nickel. Subsequent manipulation and reaction of the primary amine may be performed in the presence of the pyridine-5-amine substituent due to it's greater reactivity.
  • substituted 3-aminopyridine intermediates may be prepared from the corresponding nicotinamide compound using Hofmann's reaction.
  • R 6 and/or R 7 is an alkyl group, such as methyl
  • compound (7) containing the appropriate protecting groups of or avoiding the presence of base sensitive groups
  • strong base such as NaNH 2 , PhLi, NaH or the like
  • electrophiles such as alkyl halides, aldehydes, ketones and the like (cf. Fuerst, Feustel; CHEMTECH; 10: 693-699 (1958); Nishigaki, S. et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull.; 17: 1827-1831 (1969); Kaiser, Edwin M.; Tetrahedron; 39: 2055-2064 (1983)).
  • the alkyl group may be halogenated and the haloalkyl group may be reacted with a nucleophile, such as an amino group, alkoxy, alkylthiol and the like.
  • 6-Chloronicotinoyl chloride analogs (10) are treated with the appropriate amine (R 3 R 4 NH) in the presence of base in an appropriate solvent, such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, DMF, THF and the like, at a temperature from ⁇ 20° C. to 120° C. to form nicotinamides (11) as shown in Scheme III.
  • an appropriate solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, DMF, THF and the like
  • 6-chloronicotinic acid analogs (12) may be coupled with the appropriate amine via an anhydride, either mixed or symmetrical, or alternatively by treatment with the appropriate amine in the presence of a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide reagent to form the amide (11).
  • 6-Chloronicotinamide analogs (11) are treated with the appropriate R 1 —X—H in the presence of absence of base, or Cu(I) in an approriate solvent, such as pyridine, ethylene glycol, DMF, DME, DMSO and the like, at a temperature from —20° C. to 180° C. to form the final product (13).
  • an approriate solvent such as pyridine, ethylene glycol, DMF, DME, DMSO and the like
  • Substituted halopyridines may be readily prepared from the corresponding pyridones using phosphorus oxychloride or pentachloride.
  • Amines of formula NHR 1 R 2 and NHR 3 R 4 are commercially available or can be readily prepared by those skilled in the art from commercially available starting materials.
  • an amide, nitro or cyano group can be reduced under reducing conditions, such as in the prescence of a reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride and the like, to form the corresponding amine.
  • Alkylation and acylation of amino groups are well known in the art.
  • Chiral and achiral substituted amines can be prepared from chiral amino acids and amino acid amides (for example, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and the like) using methods well known in the art, such as H. Brunner, P. Hankofer, U. Holzinger, B. Treittinger and H. Schoenenberger, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 25, 35-44, 1990; M. Freiberger and R. B. Hasbrouck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 696-698, 1960; Dornow and Fust, Chem. Ber. 87, v984, 1954; M.
  • amino acid amides for example, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and the like
  • Alkyl sulfonic acids, aryl sulfonic acids, heterocyclyl sulfonic acids, heteroaryl sulfonic acids, alkylmercaptans, arylmercaptans, heterocyclylmercaptans, heteroarylmercaptans, alkylhalides, arylhalides, heterocyclylhalides, heteroarylhalides, and the like are commercially available or can be readily prepared from starting materials commercially available using standard methods well known in the art.
  • Thioether derivatives can be converted into the corresponding sulfone or sulfoxide by oxidizing the thioether derivative with a suitable oxidation agent in a suitable solvent.
  • suitable oxidation agents include, for example, hydrogen peroxide, sodium meta-perborate, oxone (potassium peroxy monosulfate), meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, periodic acid and the like, including mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable solvents include acetic acid (for sodium meta-perborate) and, for other peracids, ethers such as THF and dioxane, and acetonitrile, DMF and the like, including mixtures thereof.
  • Prodrugs of the compounds of this invention are also contemplated by this invention
  • a prodrug is an active or inactive compound that is modified chemically through in vivo physicological action, such as hydrolysis, metabolism and the like, into a compound of this invention following adminstration of the prodrug to a patient.
  • the suitability and techniques involved in making and using prodrugs are well known by those skilled in the art.
  • For a general discussion of prodrugs involving esters see Svensson and Tunek Drug Metabolism Reviews 165 (1988) and Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985).
  • Examples of a masked carboxylate anion include a variety of esters, such as alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl), cycloalkyl (for example, cyclohexyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl), and alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl (for example, pivaloyloxymethyl).
  • esters such as alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl), cycloalkyl (for example, cyclohexyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl), and alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl (for example, pivaloyloxymethyl).
  • Amines have been masked as arylcarbonyloxymethyl substituted derivatives which are cleaved by esterases in vivo releasing the free drug and formaldehyde (Bungaard J. Med. Chem. 2503 (1989
  • drugs containing an acidic NH group such as imidazole, imide, indole and the like, have been masked with N-acyloxymethyl groups (Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985)). Hydroxy groups have been masked as esters and ethers.
  • EP 039,051 (Sloan and Little, 4/11/81) discloses Mannich-base hydroxamic acid prodrugs, their preparation and use.
  • Step B 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine
  • Step B 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methyl-5-amino-pyridine
  • N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-2-nitro-benzamide (301 mg, 0.7 mmol) was dissolved in 95% ethanol (4 mL) and treated with 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (Pearlman's catalyst, 50 mg) and subjected to a hydrogen atmosphere (40 psi) for 2 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The product was purified by chromatography on SiO2 using 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent. MS (m/z): 353/355 (M+H) + ; C 19 H 16 N 3 O 2 Cl requires 353.8.
  • Step B 2-(N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-nitro-pyridine
  • reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted 5 ⁇ with water (200 mL), saturated NaCl, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated in vacuo oil was chromatographed on SiO 2 using 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent.
  • Step C 2-(N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-amino-pyridine
  • Step A General procedure for the preparation of 6-chloro-N-substituted nicotinamide:
  • N-Benzyl-6-chloronicotinamide MS (m/z): 247/249 (M+H) + ; C 13 H 11 Cl 1 N 2 O 1 requires 246.7.
  • Step B General procedure for the preparation of 6-(substituted-amino)-N-substituted nicotinamides
  • the following assays were used to characterize the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit the production of TNF- ⁇ and IL-1- ⁇ .
  • the second assay measured the inhibition of TNF- ⁇ and/or IL-1- ⁇ in mice after oral administration of the test compounds.
  • the third assay a glucagon binding inhibition in vitro assay, can be used to characterize the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit glucagon binding.
  • the fourth assay a Cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibition activity in vitro assay, can be used to characterize the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit COX-1 and/or COX-2.
  • the fifth assay a Raf-kinase inhibition assay, can be used to characterize the compounds of the invention to inhibit phosphorylation of MEK by activated Raf-kinase.
  • Test compounds were evaluated in vitro for the ability to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by monocytes activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • TNF tumor necrosis factor
  • LPS bacterial lipopolysaccharide
  • Fresh residual source leukocytes (a byproduct of plateletpheresis) were obtained from a local blood bank, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation on Ficol-Paque Plus (Pharmacia).
  • PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • Cells were plated into Falcon flat bottom, 96 well culture plates (200 ⁇ l/well) and cultured overnight at 37° C. and 6% CO 2 . Non-adherent cells were removed by washing with 200 ⁇ l/well of fresh medium. Wells containing adherent cells ( ⁇ 70% monocytes) were replenished with 100 ⁇ l of fresh medium.
  • Test compounds were dissolved in DMSO. Compound stock solutions were prepared to an initial concentration of 10-50 ⁇ M. Stocks were diluted initially to 20-200 ⁇ M in complete media. Nine two-fold serial dilutions of each compound were then prepared in complete medium.
  • Standards consisted of eleven 1.5-fold serial dilutions from a stock of 1 ng/ml recombinant human TNF (R&D Systems). Plates were incubated at room temperature for 1 hr on orbital shaker (300 rpm), washed and replenished with 100 ⁇ l/well of 0.5 ⁇ g/ml goat anti-human TNF- ⁇ (R&D systems #AB-210-NA) biotinylated at a 4:1 ratio. Plates were incubated for 40 min, washed and replenished with 100 ⁇ l/well of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidin (Jackson ImmunoResearch #016-050-084) at 0.02 ⁇ g/ml. Plates were incubated 30 min, washed and replenished with 200 ⁇ l/well of 1 mg/ml of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. After 30 min, plates were read at 405 nm on a V max plate reader.
  • Standard curve data were fit to a second order polynomial and unknown TNF- ⁇ concentrations determined from their OD by solving this equation for concentration. TNF concentrations were then plotted vs. test compound concentration using a second order polynomial. This equation was then used to calculate the concentration of test compounds causing a 50% reduction in TNF production.
  • Compounds of the invention can also be shown to inhibit LPS-induced release of IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 from monocytes by measuring concentrations of IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • compounds of this invention can also be shown to inhibit LPS induced release of IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 from monocytes by measuring concentrations of IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6 and/or IL-8 by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the compounds of the invention may lower elevated levels of TNF- ⁇ , IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Reducing elevated levels of these inflammatory cytokines to basal levels or below is favorable in controlling, slowing progression, and alleviating many disease states. All of the compounds are useful in the methods of treating disease states in which TNF-A, IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6, and IL-8 play a role to the full extent of the definition of TNF- ⁇ -mediated diseases described herein.
  • mice Male DBA/1LACJ mice are dosed with vehicle or test compounds in a vehicle (the vehicle consisting of 0.5% tragacanth in 0.03 N HCl) 30 minutes prior to lipopolysaccharide (2 mg/kg, I.V.) injection.
  • vehicle the vehicle consisting of 0.5% tragacanth in 0.03 N HCl
  • lipopolysaccharide 2 mg/kg, I.V.
  • Selected compounds from the class have shown in vivo activity in a LPS mouse model in which serum levels of TNF- ⁇ were reduced in the presence of compounds of this invention.
  • Compounds of the invention may be shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of inflammation, including carageenan paw edema, collagen induced arthritis and adjuvant arthritis, such as the carageenan paw edema model (C. A. Winter et al Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. (1962) vol 111, p 544; K. F. Swingle, in R. A. Scherrer and M. W. Whitehouse, Eds., Antiinflammatory Agents, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 13-II, Academic, New York, 1974, p. 33) and collagen induced arthritis (D. E. Trentham et al J. Exp. Med. (1977) vol. 146, p 857; J. S. Courtenay, Nature (New Biol.) (1980), Vol 283, p 666).
  • the reagents can be prepared as follows: (a) prepare fresh 1M o-Phenanthroline (Aldrich) (198.2 mg/ml ethanol); (b) prepare fresh 0.5M DTT (Sigma); (c) Protease Inhibitor Mix (1000 ⁇ ): 5 mg leupeptin, 10 mg benzamidine, 40 mg bacitracin and 5 mg soybean trypsin inhibitor per ml DMSO and store aliquots at ⁇ 20° C.; (d) 250 ⁇ m human glucagon (Peninsula): solubilize 0.5 mg vial in 575 ⁇ l 0.1N acetic acid (1 ⁇ l yields 1 ⁇ M final concentration in assay for non-specific binding) and store in aliquots at ⁇ 20° C.; (e) Assay Buffer: 20 mM Tris (pH 7.8), 1 mM DTT and 3 mM o-phenanthroline; (f) Assay Buffer with 0.1% B
  • Membrane preparations of CHO/hGLUR cells can be used in place of whole cells at the same assay volume. Final protein concentration of a membrane preparation is determined on a per batch basis.
  • the determination of inhibition of glucagon binding can be carried out by measuring the reduction of I 125 -glucagon binding in the presence of compounds of Formula I.
  • the reagents are combined in 120 ⁇ L of assay buffer as follows: Compound/ 250 ⁇ M 125 I- CHO/hGLUR Vehicle Glucagon Glucagon Cells Total —/5 ⁇ l — 25 ⁇ l 100 ⁇ l Binding + 5 ⁇ l/— — 25 ⁇ l 100 ⁇ l Compound Nonspecific —/5 ⁇ l 1 ⁇ l 25 ⁇ l 100 ⁇ l Binding
  • the mixture is incubated for 60 min. at 22° C. on a shaker at 275 rpm.
  • the mixture is filtered over pre-soaked (0.5% polyethylimine (PEI)) GF/C filtermat using an Innotech Harvester or Tomtec Harvester with four washes of ice-cold 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.8).
  • the radioactivity in the filters is determined by a gamma-scintillation counter.
  • compounds of the invention may also be shown to inhibit the binding of glucagon to glucagon receptors.
  • THP-1 The human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, differentiated by exposure to phorbol esters expresses only COX-1; the human osteosarcoma cell line 143B expresses predominantly COX-2.
  • THP-1 cells are routinely cultured in RPMI complete media supplemented with 10% FBS and human osteosarcoma cells (HOSC) are cultured in minimal essential media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (MEM-10%FBS); all cell incubations are at 37° C. in a humidified environment containing 5% CO 2 .
  • THP-1 cells are grown to confluency, split 1:3 into RPMI containing 2% FBS and 10 mM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), and incubated for 48 hours on a shaker to prevent attachment.
  • Cells are pelleted and resuspended in Hank's Buffered Saline (HBS) at a concentration of 2.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL and plated in 96-well culture plates at a density of 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/mL.
  • Test compounds are diluted in HBS and added to the desired final concentration and the cells are incubated for an additional 4 hours.
  • Arachidonic acid is added to a final concentration of 30 mM, the cells incubated for 20 minutes at 37° C., and enzyme activity determined as described below.
  • subconfluent HOSC are trypsinized and resuspended at 3 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL in MEM-FBS containing 1 ng human IL-1b/mL, plated in 96-well tissue culture plates at a density of 3 ⁇ 10 4 cells per well, incubated on a shaker for 1 hour to evenly distribute cells, followed by an additional 2 hour static incubation to allow attachment. The media is then replaced with MEM containing 2% FBS (MEM-2%FBS) and 1 ng human IL-1b/mL, and the cells incubated for 18-22 hours.
  • MEM-2%FBS MEM-2% FBS
  • test compound diluted in HBS is added to achieve the desired concentration and the cells incubated for 4 hours.
  • the supernatants are removed and replaced with MEM containing 30 mM arachidonic acid, the cells incubated for 20 minutes at 37° C., and enzyme activity determined as described below.
  • the following compound exhibits activities in the Cyclooxygenase assay with IC 50 values of 10 ⁇ M or less: 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine.
  • Raf kinase activity is measured by the extent of phosphorylation of the substrate MEK (Map kinase/ERK kinase) by activated Raf kinase. Phosphorylated MEK is trapped on a filter and incorporation of radiolabeled phosphate is quantified by scintillation counting.
  • Activated Raf is produced by triple transfection of Sf9 cells with baculoviruses expressing “Glu-Glu”-epitope tagged Raf,val 12 -H-Ras, and Lck.
  • Catalytically inactive MEK (K97A mutation) is produced in Sf9 cells transfected with a baculovirus expressing c-terminus “Glu-Glu” epitope-tagged K97A MEK1.
  • Anti “Glu-Glu” antibody was purified from cells grown as described in: Grussenmeyer, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A. pp 7952-7954, 1985.
  • Stop solution 100 mM EDTA, 80 mM sodium pyrophosphate.
  • Filter plates Milipore multiscreen # SE3MO78E3, Immobilon-P (PVDF).
  • Raf kinase assay Test compounds were evaluated using ten 3-fold serial dilutions starting at 10-100 ⁇ M. 10 ⁇ L of the test inhibitor or control, dissolved in 10% DMSO, was added to the assay plate followed by the addition of 30 ⁇ L of the a mixture containing 10 ⁇ L 5 ⁇ reaction buffer, 1 mM 33 P- ⁇ -ATP (20 ⁇ Ci/mL), 0.5 ⁇ L MEK (2.5 mg/mL), 1 ⁇ L 50 mM ⁇ -mercaptoethanol. The reaction was started by the addition of 10 ⁇ L of enzyme dilution buffer containing 1 mM DTT and an amount of activated Raf that produces linear kinetics over the reaction time course.
  • the reaction was mixed and incubated at room temperature for 90 min. and stopped by the addition of 50 ⁇ L stop solution. 90 ⁇ L aliquots of this stopped solution were transferred onto GFP-30 cellulose microtiter filter plates (Polyfiltronics), the filter plates washed in four well volumes of 5% phosphoric acid, allowed to dry, and then replenished with 25 ⁇ l scintillation cocktail. The plates were counted for 33P gamma emission using a TopCount Scintillation Reader.
  • the compounds of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof are useful for prophylaxis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; Pagets disease; osteophorosis; multiple myeloma; uveititis; acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia; pancreatic ⁇ cell destruction; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; allergic rhinitis; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; contact dermatitis; asthma; muscle degeneration; cachexiel; Reiter's syndrome; type I and type II diabetes; bone resorption diseases; graft vs.
  • ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome
  • psoriasis Crohn's disease
  • allergic rhinitis ulcerative colitis
  • anaphylaxis contact dermatitis; asthma; muscle degeneration; cachexiel
  • HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses (including HSV-1, HSV-2), and herpes zoster, all of which are sensitive to TNF- ⁇ and/or IL-1 inhibition or glucagon antagonism, will also be positively effected by the compounds and methods of the invention.
  • CMV cytomegalovirus
  • the compounds of the present invention may also possess oncolytic characteristics and may be useful for the treatment of cancer.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also block signal transduction by extracellular mitogenic stimuli and oncoproteins through inhibition of Raf kinase.
  • the compounds of the present invention also may possess analgesic properties and may be useful for the treatment of pain disorders, such as hyperalgesia due to excessive IL-1.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also prevent the production of prostaglandins by inhibition of enzymes in the human arachidonic acid/prostaglandin pathway, including cyclooxygenase (WO 96/03387, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • the compounds of the invention are also useful research tools for studying the physiology associated with blocking these effects.
  • the methods of the invention comprise administering an effective dose of a compound of the invention, a pharmaceutical salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of either, to a subject i.e., an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human) in need of a reduction in the level of TNF- ⁇ , II,-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 levels and/or reduction in plasma glucose levels and/or which subject may be suffering from rheumatoid arthritis; Pagets disease; osteophorosis; multiple myeloma; uveititis; acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia; pancreatic ⁇ cell destruction; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; allergic rhinitis; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; contact dermatitis; asthma; muscle degeneration; cachexia; Re
  • CMV cytomegalovirus
  • this invention comprises the use of a compound of the invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment either acutely or chronically of a TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6, and/or IL-8 mediated disease state, including those described previously.
  • the compounds of the present are also useful in the manufacture of an anti-cancer medicant.
  • the compounds of the present invention are also useful in the manufacture of a medicant to attenuate or prevent signal transduction by extracellular mitogenic stimuli and oncoproteins through inhibition of Raf kinase.
  • the compounds of this invention are useful in the manufacture of a analgesic medicament and a medicament for treating pain disorders, such as hyperalgesia.
  • the compounds of the present invention also are useful in the manufacture of a medicament to prevent the production of prostaglandins by inhibition of enzymes in the human arachidonic acid/prostaglandin pathway.
  • this invention provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective TNF- ⁇ , IL-1 ⁇ , IL-6, and/or IL-8 lowering amount and/or effective plasma glucose level lowering amount, and/or effective tumor supressing amount of a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, and if desired other active ingredients.
  • the compounds of the invention are administered by any suitable route, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended.
  • Therapeutically effective doses of the compounds of the present invention required to arrest the progress or prevent tissue damage associated with the disease are readily ascertained by one of ordinary skill in the art using standard methods.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be administered orally, parentally, by inhalation spray, rectally, or topically in dosage unit formulations containing conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles.
  • parenteral as used herein includes, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal, infusion techniques or intraperitoneally.
  • the dosage regimen for treating a TNF- ⁇ , IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 mediated diseases, cancer, and/or hyperglycemia with the compounds of this invention and/or compositions of this invention is based on a variety of factors, including the type of disease, the age, weight, sex, medical condition of the patient, the severity of the condition, the route of administration, and the particular compound employed. Thus, the dosage regimen may vary widely, but can be determined routinely using standard methods. Dosage levels of the order from about 0.01 mg to 30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, preferably from about 0.1 mg to 10 mg/kg, more preferably from about 0.25 mg to 1 mg/kg are useful for all methods of use disclosed herein.
  • compositions of this invention can be processed in accordance with conventional methods of pharmacy to produce medicinal agents for administration to patients, including humans and other mammals.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, a capsule, a tablet, a suspension, or Liquid.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a given amount of the active ingredient.
  • these may contain an amount of active ingredient from about 1 to 2000 mg, preferably from about 1 to 500 mg, more preferably from about 5 to 150 mg.
  • a suitable daily dose for a human or other mammal may vary widely depending on the condition of the patient and other factors, but, once again, can be determined using routine methods.
  • the active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition with suitable carriers including saline, dextrose, or water.
  • suitable carriers including saline, dextrose, or water.
  • the daily parenteral dosage regimen will be from about 0.1 to about 30 mg/kg of total body weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 0.25 mg to 1 mg/kg.
  • Injectable preparations such as sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions, may be formulated according to the known are using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil may be employed, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
  • Suppositories for rectal administration of the drug can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient such as cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols that are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum and release the drug.
  • a suitable non-irritating excipient such as cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols that are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum and release the drug.
  • a suitable topical dose of active ingredient of a compound of the invention is 0.1 mg to 150 mg administered one to four, preferably one or two times daily.
  • the active ingredient may comprise from 0.001% to 10% w/w, e.g., from 1% to 2% by weight of the formulation, although it may comprise as much as 10% w/w, but preferably not more than 5% w/w, and more preferably from 0.1% to 1% of the formulation.
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin (e.g., liniments, lotions, ointments, creams, or pastes) and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear, or nose.
  • liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin e.g., liniments, lotions, ointments, creams, or pastes
  • drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear, or nose e.g., liniments, lotions, ointments, creams, or pastes
  • the compounds of this invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate for the indicated route of administration.
  • the compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, stearic acid, talc, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulphuric acids, acacia, gelatin, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidine, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and tableted or encapsulated for conventional administration.
  • the compounds of this invention may be dissolved in saline, water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, tragacanth gum, and/or various buffers.
  • Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well known in the pharmaceutical art.
  • the carrier or diluent may include time delay material, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax, or other materials well known in the art.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be made up in a solid form (including granules, powders or suppositories) or in a liquid form (e.g., solutions, suspensions, or emulsions).
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical operations such as sterilization and/or may contain conventional adjuvants, such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, buffers etc.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration may include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.
  • the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch.
  • Such dosage forms may also comprise, as in normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate.
  • the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared with enteric coatings.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration may include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water. Such compositions may also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • Compounds of the present invention can possess one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and are thus capable of existing in the form of optical isomers as well as in the form of racemic or non-racemic mixtures thereof.
  • the optical isomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes, e.g., by formation of diastereoisomeric salts, by treatment with an optically active acid or base.
  • appropriate acids are tartaric, diacetyltartaric, dibenzoyltartaric, ditoluoyltartaric, and camphorsulfonic acid and then separation of the mixture of diastereoisomers by crystallization followed by liberation of the optically active bases from these salts.
  • a different process for separation of optical isomers involves the use of a chiral chromatography column optimally chosen to maximize the separation of the enantiomers.
  • Still another available method involves synthesis of covalent diastereoisomeric molecules by reacting compounds of the invention with an optically pure acid in an activated form or an optically pure isocyanate.
  • the synthesized diastereoisomers can be separated by conventional means such as chromatography, distillation, crystallization or sublimation, and then hydrolyzed to deliver the enantiomerically pure compound.
  • the optically active compounds of the invention can likewise be obtained by using active starting materials. These isomers may be in the form of a free acid, a free base, an ester or a salt.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be used in the form of salts derived from inorganic or organic acids.
  • the salts include, but are not limited to, the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hyroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methansulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, pers
  • the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides, and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained.
  • lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides
  • dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates
  • long chain halides such as de
  • organic acids such as oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid and citric acid.
  • Other examples include salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium or with organic bases.
  • the compounds of the invention can be administered as the sole active pharmaceutical agent, they can also be used in combination with one or more compounds of the invention or other agents.
  • the therapeutic agents can be formulated as separate compositions that are given at the same time or different times, or the therapeutic agents can be given as a single composition.

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Abstract

Selected novel substituted pyridine compounds are effective for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases, and other maladies, such as pain and diabetes. The invention encompasses novel compounds, analogs, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases and other maladies or conditions involving inflammation, pain, diabetes, cancer and the like. The subject invention also relates to processes for making such compounds as well as to intermediates useful in such processes.

Description

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention comprises a new class of compounds useful in treating diseases, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases and other maladies, such as pain, cancer, and diabetes. In particular, the compounds of the invention are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases or conditions involving inflammation. This invention also relates to intermediates and processes useful in the preparation of such compounds. [0001]
  • Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor a (TNF-α) are pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by a variety of cells, including monocytes and macrophages, in response to many inflammatory stimuli (e.g., lipopolysaccharide—LPS) or external cellular stress (e.g., osmotic shock and peroxide). [0002]
  • Elevated levels of TNF-α and/or IL-1 over basal levels have been implicated in mediating or exacerbating a number of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis; Pagets disease; osteophorosis; multiple myeloma; uveititis; acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia; pancreatic β cell destruction; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; allergic rhinitis; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; contact dermatitis; asthma; muscle degeneration; cachexia; Reiter's syndrome; type I and type II diabetes; bone resorption diseases; graft vs. host reaction; ischemia reperfusion injury; atherosclerosis; brain trauma; multiple sclerosis; cerebral malaria; sepsis; septic shock; toxic shock syndrome; fever, and myalgias due to infection. HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses (including HSV-1, HSV-2), and herpes zoster are also exacerbated by TNF-α. [0003]
  • It has been reported that TNF-α plays a role in head trauma, stroke, and ischemia. For instance, in animal models of head trauma (rat), TNF-α levels increased in the contused hemisphere (Shohami et al., [0004] J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 14, 615 (1994)). In a rat model of ischemia wherein the middle cerebral artery was occluded, the levels of TNF-α mRNA of TNF-α increased (Feurstein et al., Neurosci. Lett. 164, 125 (1993)). Administration of TNF-α into the rat cortex has been reported to result in significant neutrophil accumulation in capillaries and adherence in small blood vessels. TNF-α promotes the infiltration of other cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) and also chemokines, which promote neutrophil infiltration into the infarct area (Feurstein, Stroke 25, 1481 (1994)). TNF-α has also been implicated to play a role in type II diabetes (Endocrinol. 130, 43-52, 1994; and Endocrinol. 136, 1474-1481, 1995).
  • TNF-α appears to play a role in promoting certain viral life cycles and disease states associated with them. For instance, TNF-α secreted by monocytes induced elevated levels of HIV expression in a chronically infected T cell clone (Clouse et al., [0005] J. Immunol. 142, 431 (1989)). Lahdevirta et al., (Am. J. Med. 85, 289 (1988)) discussed the role of TNF-α in the HIV associated states of cachexia and muscle degradation.
  • TNF-α is upstream in the cytokine cascade of inflammation. As a result, elevated levels of TNF-α may lead to elevated levels of other inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8. [0006]
  • Elevated levels of IL-1 over basal levels have been implicated in mediating or exacerbating a number of disease states including rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; muscle degeneration; cachexia; Reiter's syndrome; type I and type II diabetes; bone resorption diseases; ischemia reperfusion injury; atherosclerosis; brain trauma; multiple sclerosis; sepsis; septic shock; and toxic shock syndrome. Viruses sensitive to TNF-a inhibition, e.g., HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, are also affected by IL-1. [0007]
  • TNF-α and IL-1 appear to play a role in pancreatic β cell destruction and diabetes. Pancreatic β cells produce insulin which helps mediate blood glucose homeostasis. Deterioration of pancreatic β cells often accompanies type I diabetes. Pancreatic β cell functional abnormalities may occur in patients with type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is characterized by a functional resistance to insulin. Further, type II diabetes is also often accompanied by elevated levels of plasma glucagon and increased rates of hepatic glucose production. Glucagon is a regulatory hormone that attenuates liver gluconeogenesis inhibition by insulin. Glucagon receptors have been found in the liver, kidney and adipose tissue. Thus glucagon antagonists are useful for attenuating plasma glucose levels (WO 97/16442, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). By antagonizing the glucagon receptors, it is thought that insulin responsiveness in the liver will improve, thereby decreasing gluconeogenesis and lowering the rate of hepatic glucose production. [0008]
  • In rheumatoid arthritis models in animals, multiple intra-articular injections of IL-1 have led to an acute and destructive form of arthritis (Chandrasekhar et al., [0009] Clinical Immunol Immunopathol. 55, 382 (1990)). In studies using cultured rheumatoid synovial cells, IL-1 is a more potent inducer of stromelysin than is TNF-α (Firestein, Am. J. Pathol. 140, 1309 (1992)). At sites of local injection, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte emigration has been observed. The emigration is attributed to the induction of chemokines (e.g., IL-8), and the up-regulation of adhesion molecules (Dinarello, Eur. Cytokine Netw. 5, 517-531 (1994)).
  • IL-1 also appears to play a role in promoting certain viral life cycles. For example, cytokine-induced increase of HIV expression in a chronically infected macrophage line has been associated with a concomitant and selective increase in IL-1 production (Folks et al., [0010] J. Immunol. 136, 40 (1986)). Beutler et al. (J. Immunol. 135, 3969 (1985)) discussed the role of IL-1 in cachexia. Baracos et al. (New Eng. J. Med. 308, 553 (1983)) discussed the role of IL-1 in muscle degeneration.
  • In rheumatoid arthritis, both IL-1 and TNF-a induce synoviocytes and chondrocytes to produce collagenase and neutral proteases, which leads to tissue destruction within the arthritic joints. In a model of arthritis (collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and mice), intra-articular administration of TNF-α either prior to or after the induction of CIA led to an accelerated onset of arthritis and a more severe course of the disease (Brahn et al., [0011] Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 11, 253 (1992); and Cooper, Clin. Exp. Immunol. 898, 244 (1992)).
  • IL-8 has been implicated in exacerbating and/or causing many disease states in which massive neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation or injury (e.g., ischemia) is mediated by the chemotactic nature of IL-8, including, but not limited to, the following: asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, thrombosis and glomerulonephritis. In addition to the chemotaxis effect on neutrophils, IL-8 also has the ability to activate neutrophils. Thus, reduction in IL-8 levels may lead to diminished neutrophil infiltration. [0012]
  • Several approaches have been taken to block the effect of TNF-α. One approach involves using soluble receptors for TNF-α (e.g., TNFR-55 or TNFR-75), which have demonstrated efficacy in animal models of TNF-α-mediated disease states. A second approach to neutralizing TNF-α using a monoclonal antibody specific to TNF-α, cA2, has demonstrated improvement in swollen joint count in a Phase II human trial of rheumatoid arthritis (Feldmann et al., [0013] Immunological Reviews, pp. 195-223 (1995)). These approaches block the effects of TNF-α and IL-1 by either protein sequestration or receptor antagonism.
  • The present invention also relates to a method of treating cancer which is mediated by Raf and Raf-inducable proteins. Raf proteins are kinases activated in response to extracellular mitogenic stimuli such as PDGF, EGF, acidic FGF, thrombin, insulin or endothelin, and also in response to oncoproteins such as v-src, v-sis, and v-fms. Raf functions downstream of ras in signal transduction from the cellular membrane to the nucleus. Compounds in the present invention may be oncolytics through the antagonism of Raf kinase. Antisense constructs which reduce cellular levels of c-Raf and hence Raf activity inhibit the growth of rodent fibroblasts in soft agar, while exhibiting little or no general cytotoxicity. This inhibition of growth in soft agar is highly predictive of tumor responsiveness in whole animals. Moreover Raf antisense constructs have shown efficacy in reducing tumor burden in animals. Examples of cancers where Raf kinase is implicated by overexpression include cancers of the brain, larynx, lung, lymphatic system, urinary tract and stomach, including hystocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancers. Other examples include cancers involving overexpression of upstream activators of Raf or Raf-activating oncogenes, including pancreatic and breast carcinoma. [0014]
  • Substituted imidazole and pyrrole compounds have been described for use in the treatment of cytokine mediated diseases by inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF. Substituted imidazoles for use in the treatment of cytokine mediated diseases have been described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,992; WO 93/14081; WO 97/18626; WO 96/21452; WO 96/21654; WO 96/40143; WO 97/05878; WO 97/05878; (each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Substituted imidazoles for use in the treatment of inflammation has been described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,807 (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Substituted pyrrole compounds for use in the treatment of cytokine mediated diseases have been described in WO 97/05877; WO 97/05878; WO 97/16426; WO 97/16441; and WO 97/16442 (each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). [0015]
  • Substituted 2-aminopyridine compounds have been described as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for use in the treatment of inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders and disorders of gastrointestinal motility in WO 96/18616 and WO 96/18617. [0016]
  • Diaryl substituted pyridine compounds have been described for use in the treatment of inflammation and inflammation related disorders in WO 96/24584 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,008. [0017]
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,980,652, U.S. Pat. No. 3,991,057 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,002,629 describe piperazinyl substituted pyridine compounds for use as anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular agents. [0018]
  • JP 6135934 describes substituted pyridine compounds as phospholipase A2 inhibitors for use as antiphlogistic and anti-pancreatitis agents. GB 1,189,188 describes pyrimidin-2-ylamino substituted pyridine compounds as therapeutically valuable compounds for use as antiphlogistic agents. [0019]
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention comprises a new class of compounds useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases and other maladies, such as pain, cancer, and diabetes. In particular, the compounds of the invention are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases or conditions involving inflammation. Accordingly, the invention also comprises pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods for the prophylaxis and treatment of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 mediated diseases, such as inflammatory, pain and diabetes diseases, using the compounds and compositions of the invention, and intermediates and processes useful for the preparation of the compounds of the invention. [0020]
  • The compounds of the invention are represented by the following general structure: [0021]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00001
  • wherein R[0022] 1, R5, R6, R7, X and Y are defined below.
  • The foregoing merely summarizes certain aspects of the invention and is not intended, nor should it be construed, as limiting the invention in any way. All patents and other publications recited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. [0023]
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • In accordance with the present invention, there is provided compounds of the formula: [0024]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00002
  • or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein [0025]
  • X is O, S, S(O), S(O)[0026] 2 or NR2; preferably, X is O, S or NR2; more preferably, X is O or NR2; most preferably, X is NR2;
  • Y is —C(O)—NR[0027] 3R4 or —NR4—C(O)—R3;
  • R[0028] 1 is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18-alkyl;
  • preferably, R[0029] 1 is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18—C1-C6 alkyl;
  • more preferably, R is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of C[0030] 1-C4 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18—C1-C4 alkyl;
  • provided that the total number of aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl radicals in R[0031] 1 is 1-3, preferably, 1-2, and provided when Y is —NR4—C(O)—R3 and X is O or S, R1 is other than a 2-pyrimidinyl radical;
  • more preferably, R[0032] 1 is a radical of the formula
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00003
  • wherein R[0033] 22, R23, R24, R25 and R26 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18—C1-C4 alkyl; provided at least one of R21, R22, R23, R24 and R25 is hydrogen; and provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R22, R23, R24, R25 and R26 is 0-1;
  • R[0034] 2 is a hydrogen or alkyl radical; preferably, R2 is a hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl radical; more preferably, R2 is a hydrogen or C1-C2 alkyl radical; more preferably, R2 is a hydrogen or methyl radical; and most: preferably, R2 is a hydrogen radical;
  • R[0035] 3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—Z19— or R19—Z19-alkyl; preferably, R3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—Z19— or R19—Z19—C1-C6 alkyl; more preferably, R3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—Z19— or R19—Z19—C1-C4 alkyl;
  • provided that the total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R[0036] 3 is 1-3, preferably, 1-2; and provided when Y is —C(O)—NR3R4, R3 is other than a phenyl or naphthyl having an amino, nitro, cyano, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl substituent bonded to the ring carbon atom adjacent to the ring carbon atom bonded to —NR4—;
  • more preferably, R[0037] 3 is a radical of the formula
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00004
  • wherein [0038]
  • U is C—R[0039] 13 or N;
  • V and W are each independently C—R[0040] 12 or N;
  • R[0041] 11 and R13 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino or R19—Z19—; preferably, R11 and R13 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—O—, R19—S(O)2—, R19—O—C(O)—, R19C(O)—, R19—NR21—C(O)— or R19—NR21—S(O)2—;
  • each R[0042] 12 is independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, R31—Z31— or R31—Z31—C1-C4 alkyl; preferably, each R12 is independently a radical of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, aminocarbonyl, methylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, aminomethyl, (methylamino)methyl or (dimethylamino)methyl;
  • provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R[0043] 11, R12 and R13 is 0-1;
  • wherein each R[0044] 31 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each Z[0045] 31 is independently —O—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—;
  • R[0046] 4 is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or R20 —Z20-alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy;
  • preferably, R[0047] 4 is a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C2-C6 haloalkenyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl or R20—Z20—C1-C6 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals or C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals;
  • more preferably, R[0048] 4 is a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl or R20—Z20—C2-C4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • more preferably, R is a radical of hydrogen, C[0049] 1-C6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl or R20—Z20—C2-C4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthiol, ethylthiol, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, acetylamino, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • more preferably, R[0050] 4 is a radical of hydrogen, methyl or ethyl radical;
  • wherein each R[0051] 18 is independently a hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy;
  • preferably, each R is independently a hydrogen, C[0052] 1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals or C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals;
  • more preferably, each R[0053] 18 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, azido, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each Z[0054] 18 is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —C(O)—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—; preferably, each Z18 is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21;
  • wherein each R[0055] 19 is independently a hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy;
  • preferably, each R is independently a hydrogen, C[0056] 1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals or C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals;
  • more preferably, each R is independently a hydrogen, C[0057] 1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • more preferably, each R is independently a hydrogen, C[0058] 1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • more preferably, each R is independently a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, phenylmethyl or heteroaryl-methyl radical, wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; [0059]
  • each Z is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)[0060] 2—, —CO2—, —C(O)—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—; preferably, each Z21 is independently —O—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —C(O)—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—; more preferably, each Z is independently —O—, —S(O)2—, —O—C(O)—, —C(O)—, —NR21—C(O)— or —NR21—S(O)2—;
  • wherein each R[0061] 20 is independently a hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy;
  • preferably, each R[0062] 20 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals or C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals;
  • more preferably, each R[0063] 20 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • more preferably, each R[0064] 20 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthiol, ethylthiol, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, acetylamino, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy;
  • each Z is independently —O—, —S, —S(O)—, —S(O)[0065] 2—, —CO2—, —C(O)—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—; preferably, each Z20 is independently —O— or —NR21—;
  • wherein each R is independently a hydrogen or alkyl radical; preferably, each R[0066] 21 is independently a hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl radical; more preferably, each R21 is independently a hydrogen or methyl radical;
  • R[0067] 5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, aminosulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, thiol, alkylthiol, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl or dialkylaminocarbonyl radical;
  • preferably, R[0068] 5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals, C1-C4 aminoalkyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)amino-C1-C4 alkyl, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino-C1-C4 alkyl, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonylamino, aminosulfonyl, C1-C4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminosulfonyl, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, thiol, C1-C4 alkylthiol, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical;
  • more preferably, R[0069] 5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl) aminocarbonyl or di (C1-C4 alkyl) aminocarbonyl radical;
  • more preferably, R[0070] 5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, C1-C2 alkylamino, di(C1-C2 alkyl)amino, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy radical; most preferably, R5 and R6 are each a hydrogen radical;
  • R[0071] 7 is a hydrogen, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aminosulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, thiol, alkylthiol, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl or dialkylaminocarbonyl radical;
  • preferably, R[0072] 7 is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals, C1-C4 aminoalkyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)amino-C1-C4 alkyl, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino-C1-C4 alkyl, aminosulfonyl, C1-C4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminosulfonyl, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, thiol, C1-C4 alkylthiol, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical;
  • more preferably, R[0073] 7 is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical;
  • more preferably, R[0074] 7 is a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy radical; most preferably, R7 is a hydrogen radical.
  • The compounds of this invention may have in general several asymmetric centers and are typically depicted in the form of racemic mixtures. This invention is intended to encompass racemic mixtures, partially racemic mixtures and separate enantiomers and diasteromers. [0075]
  • Compounds of interest include the following: [0076]
  • 2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonylamino)pyridine; [0077]
  • 2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino)pyridine; [0078]
  • 2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0079]
  • 2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0080]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0081]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0082]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0083]
  • 2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino) pyridine; [0084]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0085]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0086]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0087]
  • 2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0088]
  • 2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0089]
  • 2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0090]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0091]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0092]
  • 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0093]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0094]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0095]
  • 2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0096]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2-fluorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0097]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0098]
  • 2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0099]
  • 2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0100]
  • 2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0101]
  • 2-(2-methyl-3-pyridyloxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0102]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-((3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)carbonylamino)pyridine; [0103]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylthiol)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0104]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylthiol)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0105]
  • 2-cyclohexylamino-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0106]
  • 2-cyclohexylamino-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0107]
  • 2-(2-methylcyclohexylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0108]
  • 2-(2-methylcyclohexylamino)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0109]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2-fluorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0110]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0111]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino)pyridine; [0112]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino)pyridine; [0113]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0114]
  • 2-(2-methylphenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0115]
  • 2-(2-methylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0116]
  • 2-(2-methylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0117]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino)pyridine; [0118]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0119]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; and [0120]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenyl aminocarbonyl)pyridine. [0121]
  • As utilized herein, the following terms shall have the following meanings: [0122]
  • “Alkyl”, alone or in combination, means a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl radical containing preferably 1-15 carbon atoms (C[0123] 1-C15), more preferably 1-8 carbon atoms (C1-C8), even more preferably 1-6 carbon atoms (C1-C6), yet more preferably 1-4 carbon atoms (C1-C4), still more preferably 1-3 carbon atoms (C1-C3), and most preferably 1-2 carbon atoms (C1-C2). Examples of such radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl and the like.
  • “Hydroxyalkyl”, alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above wherein at least one hydrogen radical is replaced with a hydroxyl radical, preferably 1-3 hydrogen radicals are replaced by hydroxyl radicals, more preferably 1-2 hydrogen radicals are replaced by hydroxyl radicals, and most preferably one hydrogen radical is replaced by a hydroxyl radical. Examples of such radicals include hydroxymethyl, 1-, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-, 2-, 3-hydroxypropyl, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propyl, 1,3-dihydroxybutyl, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydroxy-2-hexyl and the like. [0124]
  • “Alkenyl”, alone or in combination, means a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having one or more double bonds, preferably 1-2: double bonds and more preferably one double bond, and containing preferably 2-15 carbon atoms (C[0125] 2-C15), more preferably 2-8 carbon atoms (C2-C8), even more preferably 2-6 carbon atoms (C2-C6), yet more preferably 2-4 carbon atoms (C2-C4), and still more preferably 2-3 carbon atoms (C2-C3). Examples of such alkenyl radicals include ethenyl, propenyl, 2-methylpropenyl, 1,4-butadienyl and the like.
  • “Alkoxy”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—O—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “O” is an oxygen atom. Examples of such alkoxy radicals include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like. [0126]
  • “Alkoxycarbonyl”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—O—C(O)—C(O)—” wherein “R—O—” is an alkoxy radical as defined above and “C(O)” is a carbonyl radical. [0127]
  • “Alkoxycarbonylamino”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—O—C(O)—NH—” wherein “R—O—C(O)” is an alkoxycarbonyl radical as defined above, wherein the amino radical may optionally be substituted, such as with alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and the like. [0128]
  • “Alkylthio”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—S—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “S” is a sulfur atom. Examples of such alkylthio radicals include methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, iso-butylthio, sec-butylthio, tert-butylthio and the like. [0129]
  • “Alkylsulfinyl”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—S(O)—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “S(O)[0130] 2” is a mono-oxygenated sulfur atom. Examples of such alkylsulfinyl radicals include methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, n-propylsulfinyl, isopropylsulfinyl, n-butylsulfinyl, iso-butylsulfinyl, sec-butylsulfinyl, tert-butylsulfinyl and the like.
  • “Alkylsulfonyl”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—S(O)[0131] 2—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “S(O)2” is a di-oxygenated sulfur atom. Examples of such alkylsulfonyl radicals include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, n-propylsulfonyl, isopropylsulfonyl, n-butylsulfonyl, iso-butylsulfonyl, sec-butylsulfonyl, tert-butylsulfonyl and the like.
  • “Aryl”, alone or in combination, means a phenyl or biphenyl radical, which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused and which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, hydroxy, amino, azido, nitro, cyano, haloalkyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkyl, alkanoylamino, amido, amidino, alkoxycarbonylamino, N-alkylamidino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, N-alkylamido, N,N-dialkylamido, aralkoxycarbonylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, oxo and the like. Examples of aryl radicals are phenyl, o-tolyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 2-(tert-butoxy)phenyl, 3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-CF[0132] 3-phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-nitrophenyl, 3-aminophenyl, 3-acetamidophenyl, 2-amino-3-(aminomethyl)phenyl, 6-methyl-3-acetamidophenyl, 6-methyl-2-aminophenyl, 6-methyl-2,3-diaminophenyl, 2-amino-3-methylphenyl, 4,6-dimethyl-2-aminophenyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)phenyl, 2-amino-1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 3-amino-2-naphthyl, 1-methyl-3-amino-2-naphthyl, 2,3-diamino-1-naphthyl, 4,8-dimethoxy-2-naphthyl and the like.
  • “Aralkyl” and “arylalkyl”, alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom, preferably 1-2, is replaced by an aryl radical as defined above, such as benzyl, 1-, 2-phenylethyl, dibenzylmethyl, hydroxyphenylmethyl, methylphenylmethyl, diphenylmethyl, dichlorophenylmethyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethyl and the like. [0133]
  • “Aralkoxy”, alone or in combination, means an alkoxy radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom, preferably 1-2, is replaced by an aryl radical as defined above, such as benzyloxy, 1-, 2-phenylethoxy, dibenzylmethoxy, hydroxyphenylmethoxy, methylphenylmethoxy, dichlorophenylmethoxy, 4-methoxyphenylmethoxy and the like. [0134]
  • “Aralkoxycarbonyl”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—O—C(O)—” wherein “R—O—” is an aralkoxy radical as defined above and “—C(O)—” is a carbonyl radical. [0135]
  • “Alkanoyl”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—C(O)—” wherein “R” is an alkyl radical as defined above and “—C(O)—” is a carbonyl radical. Examples of such alkanoyl radicals include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, hydroxyacetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, 4-methylvaleryl, and the like. [0136]
  • “Alkanoylamino”, alone or in combination, means a radical of the type “R—C(O)—NH—” wherein “R—C(O)—” is an alkanoyl radical as defined above, wherein the amino radical may optionally be substituted, such as with alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and the like. [0137]
  • “Aminocarbonyl”, alone or in combination, means an amino substituted carbonyl (carbamoyl) radical, wherein the amino radical may optionally be mono- or di-substituted, such as with alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl and the like. [0138]
  • “Aminosulfonyl”, alone or in combination, means an amino substituted sulfonyl radical. [0139]
  • “Benzo”, alone or in combination, means the divalent radical C[0140] 6H4═ derived from benzene. “Benzo fused” forms a ring system in which benzene and a cycloalkyl or aryl group have two carbons in common, for example tetrahydronaphthylene and the like.
  • “Bicyclic” as used herein is intended to include both fused ring systems, such as naphthyl and β-carbolinyl, and substituted ring systems, such as biphenyl, phenylpyridyl and diphenylpiperazinyl. [0141]
  • “Cycloalkyl”, alone or in combination, means a saturated or partially saturated, preferably one double bond, monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic carbocyclic alkyl radical, preferably monocyclic, containing preferably 5-12 carbon atoms (C[0142] 5-C12), more preferably 5-10 carbon atoms (C5-C1o), even more preferably 5-7 carbon atoms (C5-C7), which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused and which is optionally substituted as defined herein with respect to the definition of aryl. Examples of such cycloalkyl radicals include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, dihydroxycyclohexyl, ethylenedioxycyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, octahydronaphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, octahydroquinolinyl, dimethoxytetrahydronaphthyl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl, azabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl and the like.
  • “Heteroatoms” means nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur heteroatoms. [0143]
  • “Heterocyclo fused” forms a ring system in which a heterocyclyl or heteroaryl group of 5-6 ring members and a cycloalkyl or aryl group have two carbons in common, for example indole, isoquinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, methylenedioxybenzene and the like. [0144]
  • “Heterocyclyl” means a saturated or partially unsaturated, preferably one double bond, monocyclic or bicyclic, preferably monocyclic, heterocycle radical containing at least one, preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3, even more preferably 1-2, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom ring member and having preferably 3-8 ring members in each ring, more preferably 5-8 ring members in each ring and even more preferably 5-6 ring members in each ring. “Heterocyclyl” is intended to include sulfone and sulfoxide derivatives of sulfur ring members and N-oxides of tertiary nitrogen ring members, and carbocyclic fused, preferably 3-6 ring carbon atoms and more preferably 5-6 ring carbon atoms, and benzo fused ring systems. “Heterocyclyl” radicals may optionally be substituted on at least one, preferably 1-4, more preferably 1-3, even more preferably 1-2, carbon atoms by halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, oxo, thioxo, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, amidino, N-alkylamidino, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino and the like, and/or on a secondary nitrogen atom by hydroxy, alkyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, heteroaralkyl, aryl or aralkyl radicals. More preferably, “heterocyclyl”, alone or in combination, is a radical of a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated heterocyclic ring system having 5-8 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally partially unsaturated or benzo-fused and optionally substituted by 1-2 oxo or thioxo radicals. Examples of such heterocyclyl radicals include pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 4-benzyl-piperazin-1-yl, pyrimidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, pyrazolidonyl, pyrazolinyl, pyridazinonyl, pyrrolidonyl, tetrahydrothienyl and its sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives, 2,3-dihydroindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxo-isoquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl, benzopyranyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, ethylenedioxyphenyl and the like. [0145]
  • “Heteroaryl” means a monocyclic or bicyclic, preferably monocyclic, aromatic heterocycle radical, having at least one, preferably 1 to 4, more preferably 1 to 3, even more preferably 1-2, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom ring members and having preferably 5-6 ring members in each ring, which is optionally saturated carbocyclic fused, preferably 3-4 carbon atoms (C[0146] 3-C4) to form 5-6 ring membered rings and which is optionally substituted as defined above with respect to the definitions of aryl. Examples of such heteroaryl groups include imidazolyl, 1-benzyloxycarbonylimidazol-4-yl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, 3-(2-methyl)pyridyl, 3-(4-trifluoromethyl)pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, 5-(4-trifluoromethyl)pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazolyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzofuryl, benzimidiazolyl, benzoxazolyl and the like.
  • “Heteroaralkyl”, and “heteroarylalkyl,” alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom, preferably 1-2, is replaced by a heteroaryl radical as defined above, such as 3-furylpropyl, 2-pyrrolyl propyl, chloroquinolinylmethyl, 2-thienylethyl, pyridylmethyl, 1-imidazolylethyl and the like. [0147]
  • “Halogen” and “halo”, alone or in combination, means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo radicals. [0148]
  • “Haloalkyl”, alone or in combination, means an alkyl radical as defined above in which at least one hydrogen atom, preferably 1-3, is replaced by a halogen radical, more preferably fluoro or chloro radicals. Examples of such haloalkyl radicals include 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl, chloromethyl, 1-bromoethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, bis(trifluoromethyl)methyl and the like. [0149]
  • “Pharmacologically acceptable salt” means a salt prepared by conventional means, and are well known by those skilled in the art. The “pharmacologically acceptable salts” include basic salts of inorganic and organic acids, including but not limited to hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, mandelic acid and the like. When compounds of the invention include an acidic function such as a carboxy group, then suitable pharmaceutically acceptable cation pairs for the carboxy group are well known to those skilled in the art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium, quaternary ammonium cations and the like. For additional examples of “pharmacologically acceptable salts,” see infra and Berge et al, [0150] J. Pharm . Sci. 66, 1 (1977).
  • “Cytokine” means a secreted protein that affects the functions of other cells, particularly as it relates to the modulation of interactions between cells of the immune system or cells involved in the inflammatory response. Examples of cytokines include but are not limited to interleukin 1 (IL-1), preferably IL-1β, interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and TNF, preferably TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α). [0151]
  • “TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 mediated disease or disease state” means all disease states wherein TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 plays a role, either directly as TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 itself, or by TNF, IL-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 inducing another cytokine to be released. For example, a disease state in which IL-1 plays a major role, but in which the production of or action of IL-1 is a result of TNF, would be considered mediated by TNF. [0152]
  • “Leaving group” generally refers to groups readily displaceable by a nucleophile, such as an amine, a thiol or an alcohol nucleophile. Such leaving groups are well known in the art. Examples of such leaving groups include, but are not limited to, N-hydroxysuccinimide, N-hydroxybenzotriazole, halides, triflates, tosylates and the like. Preferred leaving groups are indicated herein where appropriate. [0153]
  • “Protecting group” generally refers to groups well known in the art which are used to prevent selected reactive groups, such as carboxy, amino, hydroxy, mercapto and the like, from undergoing undesired reactions, such as nucleophilic, electrophilic, oxidation, reduction and the like. Preferred protecting groups are indicated herein where appropriate. Examples of amino protecting groups include, but are not limited to, arylalkyl, substituted aralkyl, cycloalkenylalkyl and substituted cycloalkenyl alkyl, allyl, substituted allyl, acyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, silyl and the like. Examples of aralkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, ortho-methylbenzyl, trityl and benzhydryl, which can be optionally substituted with halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, nitro, acylamino, acyl and the like, and salts, such as phosphonium and ammonium salts. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indanyl, anthracenyl, 9-(9-phenylfluorenyl), phenanthrenyl, durenyl and the like. Examples of cycloalkenylalkyl or substituted cycloalkylenylalkyl radicals, preferably have 6-10 carbon atoms, include, but are not limited to, cyclohexenyl methyl and the like. Suitable acyl, alkoxycarbonyl and aralkoxycarbonyl groups include benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, iso-butoxycarbonyl, benzoyl, substituted benzoyl, butyryl, acetyl, tri-fluoroacetyl, tri-chloro acetyl, phthaloyl and the like. A mixture of protecting groups can be used to protect the same amino group, such as a primary amino group can be protected by both an aralkyl group and an aralkoxycarbonyl group. Amino protecting groups can also form a heterocyclic ring with the nitrogen to which they are attached, for example, 1,2-bis(methylene)benzene, phthalimidyl, succinimidyl, maleimidyl and the like and where these heterocyclic groups can further include adjoining aryl and cycloalkyl rings. In addition, the heterocyclic groups can be mono-, di- or tri-substituted, such as nitrophthalimidyl. Amino groups may also be protected against undesired reactions, such as oxidation, through the formation of an addition salt, such as hydrochloride, toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like. Many of the amino protecting groups are also suitable for protecting carboxy, hydroxy and mercapto groups. For example, aralkyl groups. Alkyl groups are also sutiable groups for protecting hydroxy and mercapto groups, such as tert-butyl. [0154]
  • Silyl protecting groups are silicon atoms optionally substituted by one or more alkyl, aryl and aralkyl groups. Suitable silyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, tri-isopropylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene, 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)ethane and diphenylmethylsilyl. Silylation of an amino groups provide mono- or di-silylamino groups. Silylation of aminoalcohol compounds can lead to a N,N,O-tri-silyl derivative. Removal of the silyl function from a silyl ether function is readily accomplished by treatment with, for example, a metal hydroxide or ammonium flouride reagent, either as a discrete reaction step or in situ during a reaction with the alcohol group. Suitable silylating agents are, for example, trimethylsilyl chloride, tert-buty-dimethylsilyl chloride, phenyldimethylsilyl chloride, diphenylmethyl silyl chloride or their combination products with imidazole or DMF. Methods for silylation of amines and removal of silyl protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art. Methods of preparation of these amine derivatives from corresponding amino acids, amino acid amides or amino acid esters are also well known to those skilled in the art of organic chemistry including amino acid/amino acid ester or aminoalcohol chemistry. [0155]
  • Protecting groups are removed under conditions which will not affect the remaining portion of the molecule. These methods are well known in the art and include acid hydrolysis, hydrogenolysis and the like. A preferred method involves removal of a protecting group, such as removal of a benzyloxycarbonyl group by hydrogenolysis utilizing palladium on carbon in a suitable solvent system such as an alcohol, acetic acid, and the like or mixtures thereof. A t-butoxycarbonyl protecting group can be removed utilizing an inorganic or organic acid, such as HCl or trifluoroacetic acid, in a suitable solvent system, such as dioxane or methylene chloride. The resulting amino salt can readily be neutralized to yield the free amine. Carboxy protecting group, such as methyl, ethyl, benzyl, tert-butyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethyl and the like, can be removed under hydroylsis and hydrogenolysis conditions well known to those skilled in the art. [0156]
  • The symbols used above have the following meanings: [0157]
    —CRxRy— =
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00005
    —C(O)— =
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00006
    —NRxRy =
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00007
    —C(NR)— =
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00008
    —NR— =
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00009
    —S(O)2— =
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00010
  • Procedures for preparing the compounds of this invention are set forth below. It should be noted that the general procedures are shown as it relates to preparation of compounds having unspecified stereochemistry. However, such procedures are generally applicable to those compounds of a specific stereochemistry, e.g., where the stereochemistry about a group is (S) or (R). In addition, the compounds having one stereochemistry (e.g., (R)) can often be utilized to produce those having opposite stereochemistry (i.e., (S)) using well-known methods, for example, by inversion. [0158]
  • Preparation of Compounds of Formula I
  • The compounds of the present invention represented by Formula I above can be prepared utilizing the following general procedures. [0159] Hetero-aromatic Nitrogen Compounds; Pyrroles and Pyridines: Schofield, Kenneth; Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.; (1967) and Advances in Nitrogen Heterocycles: JAI Press, Greenwich, Conn.; (1995) describe procedures and references that may be useful in preparing compounds of the present invention.
  • 2-Halo-5-nitro-pyridine analogs, (2) can be treated with the appropriate amine, alcohol, phenol, or thiol (R—X—H) in the presence of base or Cu(I) in an appropriate solvent, such as THF, DMF, DME, DMSO and the like, at a temperature from −20° C. to 120° C. to form 2-substituted-5-nitropyridines (3) (Scheme I). Reduction of the nitro group can be perfomed by treatment of (3) with hydrogen gas in the presence of palladium on carbon or Raney nickel, or alternatively, by treatment with SnCl[0160] 2 in an alcoholic solvent and in the presence or absence of HCl to obtain 2-substituted-5-aminopyridines (4). The aminopyridines (4) may be alkylated using alkylhalides and an appropriate base or by reductive alkylation employing the appropriate aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxy borohydride, borane-THF and the like, to form the substituted aminopyridines (5). Either (4) or (5) may be acylated with an appropriate acid halide (e.g., R3C(O)Cl or R3C(O)Br) in the presence of a base, such as pyridine, DMAP and the like, or alternatively may be acylated with an anhydride, either mixed or symmetrical, or alternatively may be acylated by treatment with the appropriate acid (R3CO2H) in the presence of a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide reagent: to form the final product (1). Alternatively, substituted 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine analogs may be reduced to, substituted 2-bromo-5-aminopyridine analogs by the action of SnBr2 in methanolic solvent. Subsequent acylation with an appropriate activated ester (i.e.: R3CO2H in the presence of diisopropylcarbodiimide in methylene chloride as solvent) produces 2-bromopyridine-5-carboxamide compounds of structure (5a). Coupling of (5a) with an appropriate phenol in the presence of Cu(Ac)2 and K2CO3 in DMF at 140° C. provides compounds of formula (1) where
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00011
  • 6-Substituted-2-halo-5-nitro-pyridine analogs (6) may be prepared from 2,6-dichloro-5-nitropyridine 15 according to the methods outlined in Scheme II. Treatment with one equivalent of an appropriate nucleophile of R[0161] 7 or a precursor thereof (such as, HO, RO, AcS, NC, RSand the like) provides (6). Subsequent reaction to form (7) (treatment with R1—X—H in the presence of base or Cu(I) in an appropriate solvent, such as THF, DMF, DME, DMSO and the like, at a temperature from —20° C. to 120° C.) and (8) (reduction of the nitro group and substitution with R4) is as described in Scheme I (cf. Colbry, N. L. et al.; J. Heterocyclic Chem., 21: 1521-1525 (1984); Matsumoto, Jun-ichi, et al.; J. Heterocyclic Chem., 21: 673-679 (1984)). (8) may be reacted with an acid halide or an activated
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00012
  • ester as shown in Scheme I to provide compounds of formula (1). Where R[0162] 7═CN, compounds of formula (8) may be hydrolyzed to acids (R7═CO2H) of formula (9) using acidic media such as HBr and the like. Utilizing the appropriate N-protecting groups, acids of formula (9) may be transformed into esters, amides and alcohols. Compounds of formula (9) and derivatives described above may be be reacted with an acid halide or an activated ester as shown in Scheme I to provide compounds of formula (1). Compounds of formula (8), where R7═—CN, may be reduced to the primary amine (R7═—CH2NH2) using reagents such as BH3 or hydrogen gas in the presence of palladium on carbon or Raney nickel. Subsequent manipulation and reaction of the primary amine may be performed in the presence of the pyridine-5-amine substituent due to it's greater reactivity. Specifically, compounds of formula (8) where R=—CH2NH2 may be alkylated by treatment with an appropriate aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a reducing agent, such as sodium triacetoxy borohydride, or may be acylated by treatment with an appropriate activated ester, chloroformate, isocyanate and the like, or may be sulfonylated by treatment with an appropriate sulfonyl halide. Alternatively, substituted 3-aminopyridine intermediates may be prepared from the corresponding nicotinamide compound using Hofmann's reaction.
  • When R[0163] 6 and/or R7 is an alkyl group, such as methyl, in compound (7), containing the appropriate protecting groups of or avoiding the presence of base sensitive groups, can be treated with strong base such as NaNH2, PhLi, NaH or the like at temperatures from −78° C. to 22° C then treated with electrophiles, such as alkyl halides, aldehydes, ketones and the like (cf. Fuerst, Feustel; CHEMTECH; 10: 693-699 (1958); Nishigaki, S. et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull.; 17: 1827-1831 (1969); Kaiser, Edwin M.; Tetrahedron; 39: 2055-2064 (1983)). Alternatively, the alkyl group may be halogenated and the haloalkyl group may be reacted with a nucleophile, such as an amino group, alkoxy, alkylthiol and the like.
  • 6-Chloronicotinoyl chloride analogs (10) are treated with the appropriate amine (R[0164] 3R4NH) in the presence of base in an appropriate solvent, such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, DMF, THF and the like, at a temperature from −20° C. to 120° C. to form nicotinamides (11) as shown in Scheme III. Alternatively, 6-chloronicotinic acid analogs (12) may be coupled with the appropriate amine via an anhydride, either mixed or symmetrical, or alternatively by treatment with the appropriate amine in the presence of a coupling agent such as a carbodiimide reagent to form the amide (11). 6-Chloronicotinamide analogs (11) are treated with the appropriate R1—X—H in the presence of absence of base, or Cu(I) in an approriate solvent, such as pyridine, ethylene glycol, DMF, DME, DMSO and the like, at a temperature from —20° C. to 180° C. to form the final product (13).
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00013
  • Substituted halopyridines may be readily prepared from the corresponding pyridones using phosphorus oxychloride or pentachloride. [0165]
  • Amines of formula NHR[0166] 1R2 and NHR3R4 are commercially available or can be readily prepared by those skilled in the art from commercially available starting materials. For example, an amide, nitro or cyano group can be reduced under reducing conditions, such as in the prescence of a reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride and the like, to form the corresponding amine. Alkylation and acylation of amino groups are well known in the art. Chiral and achiral substituted amines can be prepared from chiral amino acids and amino acid amides (for example, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl and the like) using methods well known in the art, such as H. Brunner, P. Hankofer, U. Holzinger, B. Treittinger and H. Schoenenberger, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 25, 35-44, 1990; M. Freiberger and R. B. Hasbrouck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 696-698, 1960; Dornow and Fust, Chem. Ber. 87, v984, 1954; M. Kojima and J. Fujita, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 55, 1454-1459, 1982; W. Wheeler and D. O'Bannon, Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals XXXI, 306, 1992; and S. Davies, N. Garrido, O. Ichihara and I. Walters, J. Chem. Soc., Chem., Commun. 1153, 1993.
  • Alkyl sulfonic acids, aryl sulfonic acids, heterocyclyl sulfonic acids, heteroaryl sulfonic acids, alkylmercaptans, arylmercaptans, heterocyclylmercaptans, heteroarylmercaptans, alkylhalides, arylhalides, heterocyclylhalides, heteroarylhalides, and the like are commercially available or can be readily prepared from starting materials commercially available using standard methods well known in the art. [0167]
  • Thioether derivatives can be converted into the corresponding sulfone or sulfoxide by oxidizing the thioether derivative with a suitable oxidation agent in a suitable solvent. Suitable oxidation agents include, for example, hydrogen peroxide, sodium meta-perborate, oxone (potassium peroxy monosulfate), meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, periodic acid and the like, including mixtures thereof. Suitable solvents include acetic acid (for sodium meta-perborate) and, for other peracids, ethers such as THF and dioxane, and acetonitrile, DMF and the like, including mixtures thereof. [0168]
  • The chemical reactions described above are generally disclosed in terms of their broadest application to the preparation of the compounds of this invention. Occasionally, the reactions may not be applicable as described to each compound included within the disclosed scope. The compounds for which this occurs will be readily recognized by those skilled in the art. In all such cases, either the reactions can be successfully performed by conventional modifications known to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriate protection of interfering groups, by changing to alternative conventional reagents, by routine modification of reaction conditions, and the like, or other reactions disclosed herein or otherwise conventional, will be applicable to the preparation of the corresponding compounds of this invention. In all preparative methods, all starting materials are known or readily prepared from known starting materials. [0169]
  • Prodrugs of the compounds of this invention are also contemplated by this invention A prodrug is an active or inactive compound that is modified chemically through in vivo physicological action, such as hydrolysis, metabolism and the like, into a compound of this invention following adminstration of the prodrug to a patient. The suitability and techniques involved in making and using prodrugs are well known by those skilled in the art. For a general discussion of prodrugs involving esters see Svensson and Tunek Drug Metabolism Reviews 165 (1988) and Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985). Examples of a masked carboxylate anion include a variety of esters, such as alkyl (for example, methyl, ethyl), cycloalkyl (for example, cyclohexyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl), and alkylcarbonyloxyalkyl (for example, pivaloyloxymethyl). Amines have been masked as arylcarbonyloxymethyl substituted derivatives which are cleaved by esterases in vivo releasing the free drug and formaldehyde (Bungaard J. Med. Chem. 2503 (1989)). Also, drugs containing an acidic NH group, such as imidazole, imide, indole and the like, have been masked with N-acyloxymethyl groups (Bundgaard Design of Prodrugs, Elsevier (1985)). Hydroxy groups have been masked as esters and ethers. EP 039,051 (Sloan and Little, 4/11/81) discloses Mannich-base hydroxamic acid prodrugs, their preparation and use.[0170]
  • Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The following preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever. The following Examples illustrate the preparation of compounds of the present invention and intermediates useful in preparing the compounds of the present invention. [0171]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00014
  • Preparation of 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine [0172]
  • Step A: 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-nitropyridine [0173]
  • 4-Chloro-2-methylphenol (101 mg, 0.71 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2.1 mL) and the solution was treated with sodium hydride (60% dispersed in mineral oil, 31 mg, 0.78 mmol). After stirring for 30 minutes at 22° C., 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine (101 mg, 0.64 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 1 hour. The solution was cooled to ambient temperature, quenched with saturated aqueous NH[0174] 4Cl and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in ethyl acetate then washed 2× with saturated NaHCO3, saturated NaCl, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Step B: 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine [0175]
  • 2-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-nitropyridine (203 mg, 0.77 mmol) was dissolved in 95% ethanol (3 mL) and treated with 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (50 mg). The reaction mixture was shaken in a hydrogen atmosphere (40 psi) for 1 hour. The solution was filtered through celite and concentrated in vacuo . MS (m/z): 234/236 (M+H)[0176] +; C12H11N2OCl requires 234.7.
  • EXAMPLE 2
  • The compounds listed in Table L were prepared from 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine and the appropriate alcohol, amine or thiol in the same manner as 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine was prepared. [0177]
    TABLE 1
    MS
    (m/z)
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine 235
    2-(4-Chloro-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-5-amino- 249
    pyridine
    2-(2-Methyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-amino-pyridine 201
    2-(4-Fluoro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine 218
    2-(2-Isopropylphenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine 228
    2-(1-Naphthyloxy)-5-amino-pyridine 236
    2-(Cyclohexyloxy)-5-amino-pyridine 192
    2-(2-Methylphenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine 200
    2-(2,4-Dimethylphenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine 214
    2-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine 222
    2-(Phenoxy)-5-amino-pyridine 186
    2-(2-Methylcyclohexylamino)-5-amino-pyridine 205
    2-(Cyclohexylamino)-5-amino-pyridine 191
    2-(2-Methylanilino)-5-amino-pyridine 199
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methylanilino)-5-amino-pyridine 233
    2-(2,4-Dimethylanilino)-5-amino-pyridine 212
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methylthiophenoxy)-5-amino- 251
    pyridine
  • EXAMPLE 3
  • [0178]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00015
  • Preparation of 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methyl-5-amino-pyridine [0179]
  • Step A: 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methyl-5-nitropyridine [0180]
  • Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 1.08 g, 27 mmol) was washed 3× with hexanes then a solution of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol (3.50 g, 24.5 mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) was added. The solution was stirred for 20 minutes then 2-chloro-3-methyl-5-nitropyridine (4.02 g, 23.3 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo then dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water, 3× with saturated NaHCO[0181] 3 and saturated NaCl then dried over Na2SO4and concentrated in vacuo.
  • Step B: 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methyl-5-amino-pyridine [0182]
  • 2-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methyl-5-nitropyridine (5.8 g, 20.8 mmol) was dissolved in 95% ethanol (50 mL) and treated with 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (350 mg). The reaction mixture was shaken in a hydrogen atmosphere (40 psi) for 1 hour. The solution was filtered through celite and concentrated in vacuo followed by chromatography on SiO[0183] 2 using 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluant. MS (m/z): 248/250 (M+H)+ C13H13N2OCl requires 248.7.
  • EXAMPLE 4
  • The compounds listed in Table 2 were prepared from substituted 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine and 4-chloro-2-methylphenol in the same manner as 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-3-methyl-5-amino-pyridine was prepared. [0184]
    TABLE 2
    MS
    (m/z)
    2-(4-Chloro-2--methyl-phenoxy)-4-methyl-5-amino- 249
    pyridine
    6-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-2-methyl-3-amino- 249
    pyridine
    6-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-2,3-diamino- 250
    pyridine
  • EXAMPLE 5
  • [0185]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00016
  • Preparation of N-(2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-5-yl)-benzamide [0186]
  • 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-aminopyridine (211 mg, 0.90 mmol) was dissolved in methylene chloride (2.7 mL) then treated with triethylamine (0.19 mL, 1.35 mmol) followed by benzoyl chloride (0.13 mL, 1.12 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 hours at 22° C. then saturated aqueous NaHCO[0187] 3 was added and the mixture was stirred for another hour. The organic layer was separated and washed 2× with 6% aqueous NaHCO3, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel using 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexane as eluent. The product was recovered as a white solid. MS (m/z): 338/340 (M+H)+; C19H15N2O2Cl requires 338.8.
  • EXAMPLE 6
  • The compounds listed in Table 3 were prepared from substituted 5-aminopyridine compounds and the appropriate acid chloride in the same manner as N-(2-(4-Chloro-2 -methyl -phenoxy) -pyridin-5-yl)-benzamide was prepared. [0188]
    TABLE 3
    MS
    (m/z)
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-(3- 340
    pyridylcarbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,6- 408
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-(4- 340
    pyridylcarbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((4- 369
    methoxyphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-Phenoxy)-5-((4- 409
    pentylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-(2- 389
    naphthylcarbonyl-amino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-(2- 345
    thienylcarbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((3,5-dimethyl- 358
    4-isoxazolyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((5- 383
    benzo[1,3]dioxol-yl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((5-tert-butyl- 399
    2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 395
    benzo[b]thiophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 369
    methoxyphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((3,5- 408
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,6- 367
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 353
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 384
    nitrophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 397
    acetoxyphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 422
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 381
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-((2,6- 374
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-((2,6- 333
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-5-((2- 319
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 391
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 350
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-((2- 336
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-( (2- 390
    trifluoromethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-((2- 340
    fluorophenyl)carbonyl amino)pyridine
    2-(2-isopropylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 401
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-isopropylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 360
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-isopropylphenoxy)-5-((2- 346
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-((2,6- 409
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-((2,6- 368
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-((2- 354
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(cyclohexyloxy)-5-((2,6- 365
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(cyclohexyloxy)-5-((2,6- 324
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(cyclohexyloxy)-5-((2- 331
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(cyclohexyloxy)-5-((2- 310
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 373
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 332
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-((2- 339
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-((2- 318
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 387
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-((2,6- 346
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-((2- 353
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-((2- 332
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-((2,6- 394
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-((2,6- 353
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylcyclohexylamino)-5-((2,6- 378
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylcyclohexylamino)-5-((2- 323
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(cyclohexylamino)-5-((2,6- 364
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(cyclohexylamino)-5-((2,6- 323
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(cyclohexylamino)-5-((2- 309
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylanilino)-5-((2,6- 372
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylanilino)-5-(2,6- 331
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2-methylanilino)-5-((2- 317
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chloro-2-methylanilino)-5-((2,6- 407
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chloro-2-methylanilino)-5-((2,6- 366
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chloro-2-methylanilino)-5-((2- 352
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylanilino)5-((2,6- 386
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-5-((2,6- 345
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-5-((2- 331
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-5-((2- 352
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylanilino)-5-((2- 335
    fluorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chloro-2-methyl-thiophenyl)-5-((2,6- 424
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chloro-2-methyl-thiophenyl)-5-((2,6- 383
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(4-chloro-2-methyl-thiophenyl)-5-((2- 369
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
  • EXAMPLE 7
  • The compounds listed in Table 4 were prepared from substituted 5-aminopyridine compounds and the appropriate acid chloride in the same manner as N-(2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-5-yl)-benzamide was prepared. [0189]
    TABLE 4
    MS
    (m/z)
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,6- 422
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)-3-methyl-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 387
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)-3-methyl-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 367
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)-3-methyl-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,6- 332
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)-3-methyl-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,6- 422
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)-4-methyl-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2-fluoro-6- 439
    trifluoromethylphenyl)carbonylamino-4-methyl-
    pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,4,6- 479
    triisopropylphenyl)carbonylamino)-4-methyl-
    pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 367
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)-6-methyl-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 387
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)-6-methyl-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,6- 422
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)-6-methyl-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,6- 423
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)-6-amino-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 388
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)-6-amino-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2,6- 382
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)-6-amino-pyridine
    2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-((2- 368
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)-6-amino-pyridine
  • [0190]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00017
  • EXAMPLE 8
  • Preparation of 2-Amino-N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-benzamide [0191]
  • N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-2-nitro-benzamide (301 mg, 0.7 mmol) was dissolved in 95% ethanol (4 mL) and treated with 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (Pearlman's catalyst, 50 mg) and subjected to a hydrogen atmosphere (40 psi) for 2 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvents were removed in vacuo. The product was purified by chromatography on SiO2 using 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent. MS (m/z): 353/355 (M+H)[0192] +; C19H16N3O2Cl requires 353.8.
  • EXAMPLE 9
  • [0193]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00018
  • Preparation of N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-benzamide [0194]
  • Acetic acid 2-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl.-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-ylcarbamoyl)-phenyl ester (304 mg, 0.77 mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (3.8 mL) was treated with an aqueous lithium hydroxide solution (1.0 M, 3.8 mL, 3.8 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 minutes at 22° C. then quenched with aqueous saturated NH[0195] 4Cl. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate then the organics were washed with water, 2× saturated NaHCO3, saturated NaCl, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. MS (m/z): 354/356 (M+H)+; C19H15N2O3Cl requires 354.8.
  • EXAMPLE 10
  • [0196]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00019
  • Preparation of 2-(N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-amino-pyridine [0197]
  • Step A: 2-(Cyclohexylamino)-5-nitro-pyridine [0198]
  • Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 1.99 g, 49.8 mmol) was washed 3× with hexanes then a solution of cyclohexylamine (3.8 mL, 33.2 mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added. After stirring for 30 minutes at 22° C., 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine (5.00 g, 31.5 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 3 hours. The solution was cooled to ambient temperature, quenched with saturated aqueous NH[0199] 4Cl and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in ethyl acetate then washed 2× with saturated NaHCO3, saturated NaCl, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The product was recovered as a brown oil.
  • Step B: 2-(N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-nitro-pyridine [0200]
  • Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 0.38 g, 9.48 mmol) was washed 3× with hexanes then a solution of 2-cyclohexylamino-5-nitropyridine (1.88 g, 8.5 mmol) dissolved in dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added. After stirring for 30 minutes at 22° C., the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and methyl iodide (0.55 mL, 8.9 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred for 1.5 hours at 0° C. followed by quenching with saturated aqueous NH[0201] 4Cl. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and extracted 5× with water (200 mL), saturated NaCl, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo oil was chromatographed on SiO2 using 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate as eluent.
  • Step C: 2-(N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-amino-pyridine [0202]
  • Cyclohexyl-methyl-(5-nitro-pyridin-2-yl)-amine (1.72 g, 7.3 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (80 mL) and treated with 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (Pearlman's catalyst, 0.5 g) and the mixture was shaken under a hydrogen atmosphere (50 psi) for 6 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration through celite then the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resultant oil was chromotographed on SiO[0203] 2 using 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexanes as eluent. MS (m/z): 206 (M+H)+; C12H19N3 requires 205.3.
  • EXAMPLE 11
  • [0204]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00020
  • Preparation of 2-(N-(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-N-methylamino)-5-amino-pyridine [0205]
  • 2-(N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylamino)-5-amino-pyridine was prepared from 1-amino-2,4-dimethylbenzene and 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine in the same manner as 2-(N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-amino-pyridine was prepared. [0206]
  • EXAMPLE 12
  • [0207]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00021
  • Preparation of 2,6-Dichloro-N-(2-(N′-cyclohexyl-N′-methylamino)-pyridin-5-yl)-benzamide [0208]
  • 2-(N-Cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-amino-pyridine (26 mg, 0.13 mmol) dissolved in methylene chloride (0.25 mL) was treated with triethylamine (0.026 mL, 0.18 mmol) followed by a solution of 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (31 mg, 0.15 mmol) dissolved in methylene chloride (0.15 mL). The reaction mixture was shaken at 22° C. for 18 hours followed by quenching with saturated aqueous NH[0209] 4Cl and stirring for an additional 5 hours. The organic layer was separated and dried over Na2SO4 then concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography on SiO2 using 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexane as eluent. MS (m/z): 378/380 (M+H)+; C19H21NOC; requires 377.
  • EXAMPLE 13
  • The compounds listed in Table 5 were prepared from substituted 5-aminopyridine compounds and the appropriate acid chloride in the same manner as 2,6-Dichloro-N-(2-(N′-cyclohexyl-N′-methylamino)-pyridin-5-yl)-benzamide was prepared. [0210]
    TABLE 5
    MS
    (m/z)
    2-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-((2,6- 378
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-((2- 344
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-((2- 323
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(N-cyclohexyl-N-methylamino)-5-((2,6- 337
    dimethylphenyl)carbonyl amino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-((2,6- 359
    dimethylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-((2- 345
    methylphenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-((2- 366
    chlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-((2- 349
    fluorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
    2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-((2,6- 400
    dichlorophenyl)carbonylamino)pyridine
  • EXAMPLE 14
  • [0211]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00022
  • Preparation of 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-(N-methylamino)pyridine [0212]
  • 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-aminopyridine (2.15 g, 9.16 mmol) was combined with powdered sodium hydroxide (1.46 g, 36.6 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.27 g, 9.16 mmol), tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) and toluene (10 mL) was stirred for 1 hour at 35° C. A solution of dimethyl sulfate (0.91 mL, 9.6 mmol) dissolved in toluene (5 mL) was added slowly. The mixture was heated at 35° C. for 20 hours. After cooling, the solids were removed by filtration and the solvent was concentrated in vacuo. The desired material was purified by chromatography on SiO[0213] 2 using 30% ethyl acetate / hexanes as eluent. MS (m/z): 248/250 (M+H)+; C13H13N2OCl requires 249.
  • EXAMPLE 15
  • [0214]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00023
  • Preparation of 2 6-Dichloro-N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide [0215]
  • 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-(N-methylamino)pyridine (32 mg, 0.13 mmol) dissolved in methylene chloride (0.25 mL) was treated with triethylamine (0.026 mL, 0.18 mmol) followed by a solution of 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl chloride (31 mg, 0.15 mmol) dissolved in methylene chloride (0.15 mL). The reaction mixture was shaken at 22° C. for 18 hours followed by quenching with saturated aqueous NH[0216] 4Cl and stirring for an additional 5 hours. The organic layer was separated and dried over Na2SO4 then concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by chromatography on SiO2 using 1:1 ethyl acetate/hexane as eluent. MS (m/z): 422/424 (M+H)+; C20H15N2O2Cl3 requires 422.
  • EXAMPLE 16
  • [0217]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00024
  • Preparation of 2-Chloro-N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide [0218]
  • 2-Chloro-N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide was prepared from 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-(N-methylamino)pyridine and 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride in the same manner as 2,6-Dichloro-N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide was prepared. [0219]
  • EXAMPLE 17
  • [0220]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00025
  • Preparation of 2-Methyl-N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide [0221]
  • 2-Methyl-N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide was prepared from 2-(4-Chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-5-(N-methylamino)pyridine and 2-methylbenzoyl chloride in the same manner as 2,6-Dichloro-N-(6-(4-chloro-2-methyl-phenoxy)-pyridin-3-yl)-N-methyl-benzamide was prepared. [0222]
  • EXAMPLE 18
  • [0223]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00026
  • General procedure for the synthesis of 2-substituted-5-acylamino-pyridines [0224]
  • A solution of the 2-substituted-5-aminopyridine (10 mmol), triethylamine (20 mmol) and an acid chloride (20 mmol) in ethanol free chloroform (250 mL) was shaken for 16 hours. The mixture was then diluted with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate (50 mL) and dichloromethane (500 mL), and shaken for 30 min. The mixture was then filtered through anhydrous magnesium sulfate, washing with dichloromethane (250 mL). Concentration of the filtrate under reduced pressure afforded the desired 2-substituted-5-acylamino-pyridines. [0225]
  • The compounds listed in Table 6 were prepared from substituted 5-aminopyridine compounds and the appropriate acid chloride according to the general procedure above. [0226]
    TABLE 6
    MS
    R1X R3 (m/z)
    4-chloro-2- 4-biphenyl 415
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 319
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 407
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-difluorophenyl- 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-cyanophenyl 364
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 407
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-cyanophenyl 364
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-naphthyl 389
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-methoxyphenyl 369
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 429
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-nitrophenyl 384
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 5-nitrofuran-2-yl 374
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromophenyl 418
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-pyridyl 340
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 433
    methylphenaxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-nitrophenyl 384
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 374
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 423
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluoro-4- 425
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 2-acetoxyphenyl 397
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 344
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 448
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 423
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 1-phenyl-5-propyl-pyrazin- 447
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2-ethoxyphenyl 383
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorothien-2-yl 379
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromothien-2-yl 424
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 399
    methylphenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl- 414
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 400
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 419
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 361
    methylphenoxy 5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 399
    methylphenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 429
    methylphenoxy 2-yl
    4-chloro-2- 4-chlorophenyl 373
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 420
    methylphenoxy triazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 395
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 367
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 432
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 386
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 420
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 442
    methylphenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 388
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 358
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 1-naphthyl 389
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-propylphenyl 381
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 407
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-fluorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-chlorophenyl 373
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 387
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-(2-(2-methyl) 395
    methylphenoxy propyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorophenyl 373
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-nitrophenyl 384
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 399
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-fluorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-butylphenyl 395
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-methylphenyl 353
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- phenyl 339
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-ethylphenyl 367
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 399
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,5-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-ethoxyphenyl 383
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 442
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-methylphenyl 353
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluoro-5- 425
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-methoxyphenyl 369
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- thien-2-yl 345
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-bromophenyl 418
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-bromophenyl 418
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-fluoro-3- 425
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 423
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 441
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- isoxazol-5-yl 330
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- benzofuroxan-5-yl 397
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 374
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(4- 446
    methylphenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2- pyridin-4-yl 340
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- anthraquinon-2-yl 469
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-iodophenyl 465
    methylphenoxy
    1-naphthoxy 4-biphenyl 416
    1-naphthoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 400
    1-naphthoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 408
    1-naphthoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 376
    1-naphthoxy 4-cyanophenyl 365
    1-naphthoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 408
    1-naphthoxy 3-cyanophenyl 365
    1-naphthoxy 2-naphthyl 390
    1-naphthoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 370
    1-naphthoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 430
    1-naphthoxy 4-nitrophenyl 385
    1-naphthoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 409
    1-naphthoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl 375
    1-naphthoxy 3-bromophenyl 419
    1-naphthoxy 3-pyridyl 341
    1-naphthoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 334
    1-naphthoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 409
    1-naphthoxy 3-nitrophenyl 385
    1-naphthoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 376
    1-naphthoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 424
    1-naphthoxy 2-fluoro-4- 426
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    1-naphthoxy 3-bromothiophenyl 425
    1-naphthoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 398
    1-naphthoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 345
    1-naphthoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 449
    1-naphthoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 424
    1-naphthoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 448
    4-yl
    1-naphthoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 384
    1-naphthoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 381
    1-naphthoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 400
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    1-naphthoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 409
    1-naphthoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 415
    1-naphthoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 401
    1-naphthoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 420
    1-naphthoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 362
    5-yl
    1-naphthoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 400
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    1-naphthoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 431
    2-yl
    1-naphthoxy 4-chlorophenyl 375
    1-naphthoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 421
    triazol-5-yl
    1-naphthoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 396
    1-naphthoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 368
    1-naphthoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 433
    1-naphthoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 387
    1-naphthoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 421
    4-yl
    1-naphthoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 444
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    1-naphthoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 390
    4-yl
    1-naphthoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 359
    1-naphthoxy 1-naphthyl 390
    1-naphthoxy 2-fluorophenyl 358
    1-naphthoxy 4-propylphenyl 382
    1-naphthoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 408
    1-naphthoxy 3-fluorophenyl 358
    1-naphthoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 376
    1-naphthoxy 2-chlorophenyl 375
    1-naphthoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 389
    1-naphthoxy 4-(2-(2- 396
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    1-naphthoxy 3-chlorophenyl 375
    1-naphthoxy 2-nitrophenyl 385
    1-naphthoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 400
    1-naphthoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 409
    1-naphthoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 409
    1-naphthoxy 4-fluorophenyl 358
    1-naphthoxy 4-butylphenyl 396
    1-naphthoxy 2-methylphenyl 354
    1-naphthoxy phenyl 340
    1-naphthoxy 4-ethylphenyl 368
    1-naphthoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 376
    1-naphthoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 400
    1-naphthoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 376
    1-naphthoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 376
    l-naphthoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 384
    1-naphthoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 444
    1-naphthoxy 3-methylphenyl 354
    1-naphthoxy 2-fluoro-5- 426
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    1-naphthoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 370
    1-naphthoxy thien-2-yl 346
    1-naphthoxy 2-bromophenyl 419
    1-naphthoxy 4-bromophenyl 419
    1-naphthoxy 4-fluoro-3- 426
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    1-naphthoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 424
    1-naphthoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 442
    1-naphthoxy isoxazol-5-yl 331
    1-naphthoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 398
    1-naphthoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 376
    1-naphthoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl 376
    1-naphthoxy 2-(4- 447
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    1-naphthoxy pyridin-4-yl 341
    1-naphthoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 470
    1-naphthoxy 2-iodophenyl 466
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-biphenyl 408
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 392
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 400
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 368
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-cyanophenyl 357
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 400
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-cyanophenyl 357
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-naphthyl 382
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 362
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,4,5,-trimethylphenyl 422
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-nitrophenyl 377
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 401
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl 367
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-bromophenyl 411
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-pyridyl 333
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 426
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 401
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-nitrophenyl 377
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 368
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 416
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 418
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-bromothiophenyl 417
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 390
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 337
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 442
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 416
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 441
    4-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 376
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 373
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 392
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 401
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 407
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 393
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 412
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 354
    5-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 392
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 423
    2-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 367
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 413
    triazol-5-yl-
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 388
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 360
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 425
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 379
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 413
    4-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-chloro-1,3- 436
    dimethylpyrazolo[3,4-
    b]pyridin-3-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 382
    4-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 351
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 1-naphthyl 382
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 350
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-propylphenyl 374
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 400
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 350
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 368
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 367
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl- 381
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-(2-(2- 388
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 367
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-nitrophenyl 377
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 392
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 401
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 401
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 350
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-butylphenyl 388
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-methylphenyl 346
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy phenyl 332
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 360
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 368
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 392
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 368
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 368
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 376
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 436
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-methylphenyl 346
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 418
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 362
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy thien-2-yl 338
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-bromophenyl 411
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-bromophenyl 411
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 418
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 416
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 434
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 323
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 390
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 368
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl 368
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(4- 439
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy pyridin-4-yl 333
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 462
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-iodophenyl 458
    3-fluoro-5- 4-biphenyl 398
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 382
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 390
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,4-difluorophenyl 358
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-cyanophenyl- 347
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 390
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-cyanophenyl 347
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-naphthyl 372
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-methoxyphenyl- 352
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3,4,5,-trimethylphenyl 412
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-nitrophenyl 367
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 391
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 5-nitrofuran-2-yl 357
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-bromophenyl 401
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-pyridyl 323
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 416
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 391
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-nitrophenyl 367
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 358
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 406
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-fluoro-4- 408
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3-fluoro-5- 3-bromothienyl 407
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-acetoxyphenyl 380
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 327
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 431
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 406
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 430
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    3-fluoro-5- 2-ethoxyphenyl 366
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-chlorothien-2-yl 363
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 382
    methylphenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    3-fluoro-5- 3,5-dichlorophenyl- 391
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 397
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 383
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 402
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 344
    methylphenoxy 5-yl
    3-fluoro-5- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 382
    methylphenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    3-fluoro-5- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 413
    methylphenoxy 2-yl
    3-fluoro-5- 4-chlorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 403
    methylphenoxy triazol-5-yl
    3-fluoro-5- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 378
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 350
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 415
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 369
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 403
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    3-fluoro-5- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 426
    methylphenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    3-fluoro-5- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 372
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    3-fluoro-5- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 341
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 1-naphthyl 372
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-fluorophenyl 340
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-propylphenyl 364
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 390
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-fluorophenyl 340
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,6-difluorophenyl 358
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-chlorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 371
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-(2-(2- 378
    methylphenoxy methyl)propyl)phenyl
    3-fluoro-5- 3-chlorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-nitrophenyl 367
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 382
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 391
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 391
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-fluorophenyl 340
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-butylphenyl 378
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-methylphenyl 336
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- phenyl 322
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-ethylphenyl 350
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,3-difluorophenyl 358
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 382
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3,4-difluorophenyl 358
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,5-difluorophenyl 358
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-ethoxyphenyl 366
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 426
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3-methylphenyl 336
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-fluoro-5- 408
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3-fluoro-5- 3-methoxyphenyl 352
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- thien-2-yl 328
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-bromophenyl 401
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-bromophenyl 401
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 4-fluoro-3- 408
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3-fluoro-5- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 406
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 424
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- isoxazol-5-yl 313
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- benzofuroxan-5-yl 380
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 358
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 3,5-difluorophenyl 358
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-(4- 429
    methylphenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    3-fluoro-5- pyridin-4-yl 323
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- anthraquinon-2-yl 452
    methylphenoxy
    3-fluoro-5- 2-iodophenyl 448
    methylphenoxy
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-biphenyl 381
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 365
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 373
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 341
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-cyanophenyl 330
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 373
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-cyanophenyl 330
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-naphthyl 355
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-methoxyphenyl 335
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 395
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-nitrophenyl 350
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 374
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl 340
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-bromophenyl 384
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-pyridyl 306
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 399
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 374
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-nitrophenyl 350
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 341
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 389
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-fluoro-4- 391
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-bromothienyl 390
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 363
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 310
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 414
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 389
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 413
    4-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 349
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 346
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 365
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 374
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 380
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 366
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 385
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 327
    5-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 365
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 396
    2-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-chlorophenyl 340
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 386
    triazol-5-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 361
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 333
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 398
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 352
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 386
    4-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 409
    pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 355
    4-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 324
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 1-naphthyl 355
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-fluorophenyl 323
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-propylphenyl 347
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 373
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-fluorophenyl 323
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 341
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-chlorophenyl 340
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 354
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-(2-(2- 361
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-chlorophenyl 340
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-nitrophenyl 350
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 365
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 374
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 374
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-fluorophenyl 323
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-butylphenyl 361
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-methylphenyl 319
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy phenyl 305
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-ethylphenyl 333
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 341
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 365
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 341
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 341
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 349
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,41 6-trichlorophenyl 409
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-methylphenyl 319
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-fluoro-5- 391
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-methoxyphenyl 335
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy thien-2-yl 311
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-bromophenyl 384
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-bromophenyl 384
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-fluoro-3- 391
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 389
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 407
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy isoxazol-5-yl 296
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 363
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 341
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-difluorophenyl 341
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(4- 412
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy pyridin-4-yl 306
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy anthraquinon-2-yl 435
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-iodophenyl 431
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 421
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,4-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 421
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-naphthyl 403
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-methoxyphenyl 484
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 443
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-bromophenyl 432
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-pyridyl 354
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 447
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 388
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 437
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-fluoro-4- 439
    dimethylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-bromothienyl 438
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-acetoxyphenyl 411
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 358
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 462
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 437
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 461
    dimethylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-ethoxyphenyl 397
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-chlorothien-2-yl 393
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 413
    dimethylphenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 428
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 414
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 433
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 375
    dimethylphenoxy 5-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 413
    dimethylphenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 443
    dimethylphenoxy 2-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-chlorophenyl 387
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 434
    dimethylphenoxy triazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 409
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 381
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 446
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 400
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 434
    dimethylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 456
    dimethylphenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 402
    dimethylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 372
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 1-naphthyl 403
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-fluorophenyl 371
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-propylphenyl 395
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-fluorophenyl 371
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,6-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-chlorophenyl 387
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 401
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-(2-(2- 409
    dimethylphenoxy methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-chlorophenyl 387
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-fluorophenyl 371
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-butylphenyl 409
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-methylphenyl 367
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- phenyl 353
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-ethylphenyl 381
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,3-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,4-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,5-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-ethoxyphenyl 397
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 456
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-methylphenyl 367
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-fluoro-5- 439
    dimethylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-methoxyphenyl 383
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-bromophenyl 432
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-bromophenyl 432
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-fluoro-3- 439
    dimethylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 437
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 455
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- isoxazol-5-yl 344
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- benzofuroxan-5-yl 411
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 388
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(4- 460
    dimethylphenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- pyridin-4-yl 354
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- anthraquinon-2-yl 483
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-iodophenyl 479
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-pentylphenyl 423
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 496
    dimethylphenoxy pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,6-dimethylphenyl 381
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 423
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 418
    dimethylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 423
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 1-naphthyl 417
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) 489
    dimethylphenoxy phenyl
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-(4- 480
    dimethylphenoxy chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2,5- pentafluorophenyl 443
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 380
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 388
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 356
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 388
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-naphthyl 370
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 350
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 410
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 389
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-bromophenyl 399
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-pyridyl 321
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 414
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 389
    4-methoxyphenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 356
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 404
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 406
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-bromothienyl 405
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 378
    4-methoxyphenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 325
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 429
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 404
    4-methoxyphenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 428
    4-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 364
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 361
    4-methoxyphenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 380
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 389
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 395
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 381
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 400
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 342
    5-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 380
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 411
    2-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 355
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 401
    triazol-5-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 376
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 348
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 413
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 367
    4-methoxyphenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 401
    4-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 424
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 370
    4-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 339
    4-methoxyphenoxy 1-naphthyl 370
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 338
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-propylphenyl 362
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 338
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 356
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 355
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 369
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-(2-(2- 376
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 355
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 380
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 389
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 389
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 338
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-butylphenyl 376
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-methylphenyl 334
    4-methoxyphenoxy phenyl 320
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 348
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 356
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 380
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 356
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 356
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 364
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 424
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-methylphenyl 334
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 406
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 350
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-bromophenyl 399
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-bromophenyl 399
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 406
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 404
    4-methoxyphenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 422
    4-methoxyphenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 311
    4-methoxyphenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 378
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 356
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(4- 427
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy pyridin-4-yl 321
    4-methoxyphenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 450
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-iodophenyl 446
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 390
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 464
    pyridin-3-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 348
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 380
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 390
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 386
    4-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 390
    4-methoxyphenoxy 1-naphthyl 384
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 380
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) 456
    phenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-(4- 448
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy pentafluorophenyl 410
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 408
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 416
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 384
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 416
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-naphthyl 398
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 378
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 438
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 417
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-bromophenyl 427
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-pyridyl 349
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 442
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 417
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 384
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 432
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 434
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-bromothienyl 433
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 406
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 353
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 458
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 432
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 457
    4-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 392
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 389
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 408
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 417
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 423
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 409
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 428
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 370
    5-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 408
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 439
    2-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 383
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 429
    triazol-5-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 404
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 376
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 441
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 395
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 429
    4-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 452
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 398
    4-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 367
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 1-naphthyl 398
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 366
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-propylphenyl 390
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 366
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 384
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 383
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 397
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-(2-(2- 404
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 383
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 408
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 417
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 417
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 366
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-butylphenyl 404
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-methylphenyl 362
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy phenyl 348
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 376
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 384
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 408
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 384
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 384
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 392
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 452
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-methylphenyl 362
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 434
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 378
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-bromophenyl 427
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-bromophenyl 427
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 434
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 432
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 450
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 339
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 406
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 384
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(4- 455
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy pyridin-4-yl 349
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 478
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-iodophenyl 474
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 419
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 492
    pyridin-3-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 376
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 408
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 418
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 414
    4-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 418
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 1-naphthyl 412
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 408
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,5-bis (trifluoromethyl) 484
    phenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-(4- 476
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy pentafluorophenyl 438
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 368
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 376
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 344
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 376
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-naphthyl 358
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 338
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 398
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 377
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-bromophenyl 387
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-pyridyl 309
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 402
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 377
    4-fluorophenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 344
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 392
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 394
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-bromothienyl 393
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 366
    4-fluorophenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 313
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 417
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 392
    4-fluorophenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 416
    4-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 352
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 349
    4-fluorophenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 368
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 377
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 383
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 369
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 388
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 330
    5-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 368
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 399
    2-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 343
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-l,2,3- 389
    triazol-5-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 364
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 336
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 401
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 355
    4-fluorophenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 389
    4-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 412
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 358
    4-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 327
    4-fluorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 358
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 326
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-propylphenyl 350
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 326
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 344
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 343
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 357
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-(2-(2- 364
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 343
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 368
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 377
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 377
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 326
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-butylphenyl 364
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-methylphenyl 322
    4-fluorophenoxy phenyl 308
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 336
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 344
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 368
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 344
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 344
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 352
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 412
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-methylphenyl 322
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 394
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 338
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-bromophenyl 387
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-bromophenyl 387
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 394
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 392
    4-fluorophenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 410
    4-fluorophenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 299
    4-fluorophenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 366
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 344
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(4- 415
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy pyridin-4-yl 309
    4-fluorophenoxy anthraquinon-:2-yl 438
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-iodophenyl 434
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 378
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 452
    pyridin-3-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 336
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 368
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 378
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 374
    4-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 378
    4-fluorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 372
    4-fluorophenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 368
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,5- 444
    bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-(4- 436
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy pentafluorophenyl 398
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 385
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 393
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 361
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 393
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-naphthyl 375
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 355
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 415
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 394
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-bromophenyl 404
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-pyridyl 326
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 419
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 394
    4-chlorophenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 360
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 409
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 411
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-bromothienyl 410
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 383
    4-chlorophenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 330
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 434
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 409
    4-chlorophenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 433
    4-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 369
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 365
    4-chlorophenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 385
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 394
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 400
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 386
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 405
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 347
    5-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 385
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 415
    2-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 359
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 406
    triazol-5-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 381
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 353
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 418
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 372
    4-chlorophenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 406
    4-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 428
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 374
    4-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 344
    4-chlorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 375
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 343
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-propylphenyl 367
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 343
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 361
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 359
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 373
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-(2-(2- 381
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 359
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 385
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 394
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 394
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 343
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-butylphenyl 381
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-methylphenyl 339
    4-chlorophenoxy phenyl 325
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 353
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 361
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 385
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 361
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 361
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 369
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 428
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-methylphenyl 339
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 411
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 355
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-bromophenyl 404
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-bromophenyl 404
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 411
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 409
    4-chlorophenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 427
    4-chlorophenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 316
    4-chlorophenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 383
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 360
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(4- 432
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy pyridin-4-yl 326
    4-chlorophenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 455
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-iodophenyl 451
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 395
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 468
    pyridin-3-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 353
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 385
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 395
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 390
    4-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 395
    4-chlorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 389
    4-chlorophenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 385
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,5- 461
    bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-(4- 452
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy pentafluorophenyl 415
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 386
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 394
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 362
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 394
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-naphthyl 376
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 356
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 416
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 395
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-bromophenyl 405
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-pyridyl 327
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 420
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 395
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 362
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 410
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 412
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-bromothienyl 411
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 384
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 331
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 435
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 410
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 434
    4-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 370
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 367
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 386
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 395
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 401
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 387
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-bromopyridin-3-yl 406
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 348
    5-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 386
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 417
    2-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 361
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 407
    triazol-5-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 332
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 354
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 409
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 373
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 407
    4-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 430
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 376
    4-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 345
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 376
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 344
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-propylphenyl 363
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 344
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 362
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 361
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 375
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-(2-(2- 382
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 361
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 386
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 395
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 392
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 344
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-butylphenyl 382
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-methylphenyl 340
    2,4-difluorophenoxy phenyl 326
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 354
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 362
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 386
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 362
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 362
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 370
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 430
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-methylphenyl 340
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 412
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 356
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-bromophenyl 405
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-bromophenyl 405
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 412
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 410
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 428
    2,4-difluorophenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 317
    2,4-difluorophenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 384
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 362
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(4- 433
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy pyridin-4-yl 327
    2,4-difluorophenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 456
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-iodophenyl 452
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 396
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 470
    pyridin-3-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 354
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 386
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 396
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 392
    4-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 396
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 390
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 386
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,5- 462
    bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-(4- 454
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy pentafluorophenyl 416
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 396
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 404
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 372
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 404
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-naphthyl 386
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 366
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,4,5,-trimethylphenyl 426
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 405
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-bromophenyl 415
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-pyridyl 337
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 430
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 405
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 372
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 420
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 422
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-bromothienyl 421
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 394
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 341
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 446
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 420
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 445
    4-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 380
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 377
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 396
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 405
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 412
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 397
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 416
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 358
    5-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 396
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 427
    2-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 371
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 417
    triazol-5-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 392
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 364
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 429
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(methylthiopyridin-3-yl 383
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 417
    4-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 440
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 386
    4-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 355
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 1-naphthyl 386
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 354
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-propylphenyl 378
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 354
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 372
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 371
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 385
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-(2-(2- 392
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 371
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 396
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 405
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 405
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 354
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-butylphenyl 392
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-methylphenyl 350
    4-thiomethylphenoxy phenyl 336
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 364
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 372
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 396
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 372
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 372
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 380
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 440
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-methylphenyl 350
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 422
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 366
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-bromophenyl 415
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-bromophenyl 415
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 422
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 420
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 438
    4-thiomethylphenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 327
    4-thiomethylphenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 394
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 372
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(4- 443
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy pyridin-4-yl 337
    4-thiomethylphenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 466
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-iodophenyl 462
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 407
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 480
    pyridin-3-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 364
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 396
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 406
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 402
    4-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 406
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 1-naphthyl 400
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 396
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,5- 372
    bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-(4- 464
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy pentafluorophenyl 426
    4-(2-(2- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 406
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 414
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,4-difluorophenyl 382
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 414
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-naphthyl 396
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-methoxyphenyl 376
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 436
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 415
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3-bromophenyl 425
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3-pyridyl 347
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 441
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 415
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 382
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 430
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-fluoro-4- 432
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-(2-(2- 3-bromothienyl 431
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-acetoxyphenyl 404
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 351
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 456
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 430
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 455
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy 4-yl
    4-(2-(2- 2-ethoxyphenyl 390
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3-chlorothien-2-yl 387
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 406
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-(2-(2- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 415
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 422
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 407
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 426
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 368
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy 5-yl
    4-(2-(2- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 406
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-(2-(2- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 437
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy 2-yl
    4-(2-(2- 4-chlorophenyl 381
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 427
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy triazol-5-yl
    4-(2-(2- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 402
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 374
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 439
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 393
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 427
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy 4-yl
    4-(2-(2- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 450
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-(2-(2- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 396
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy 4-yl
    4-(2-(2- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 365
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 1-naphthyl 396
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-fluorophenyl 364
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-propylphenyl 388
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3-fluorophenyl 364
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,6-difluorophenyl 382
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-chlorophenyl 381
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 395
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-(2-(2- 402
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-(2-(2- 3-chlorophenyl 381
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 406
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 415
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 415
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-fluorophenyl 364
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-butylphenyl 402
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-methylphenyl 360
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- phenyl 346
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-ethylphenyl 374
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,3-difluorophenyl 382
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 406
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3,4-difluorophenyl 382
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,5-difluorophenyl 382
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-ethoxyphenyl 390
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 450
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3-methylphenyl 360
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-fluoro-5- 432
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-(2-(2- 3-methoxyphenyl 376
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-bromophenyl 425
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-bromophenyl 425
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-fluoro-3- 432
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-(2-(2- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 430
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 448
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- isoxazol-5-yl 338
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- benzofuroxan-5-yl 404
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 382
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(4- 454
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-(2-(2- pyridin-4-yl 347
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- anthraquinon-2-yl 476
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-iodophenyl 472
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 4-pentylphenyl 417
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 490
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy pyridin-3-yl
    4-(2-(2- 2,6-dimethylphenyl 374
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 406
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 416
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 412
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy 4-yl
    4-(2-(2- 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 416
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 1-naphthyl 410
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 406
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    4-(2-(2- 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) 482
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy phenyl
    4-(2-(2- 2-(4- 474
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-(2-(2- pentafluorophenyl 436
    methyl)propyl)phenoxy
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 378
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 386
    213-dimethylphenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 354
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 386
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-naphthyl 368
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 348
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 408
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 387
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-bromophenyl 397
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-pyridyl 319
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 412
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 387
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 354
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 402
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 404
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-bromothienyl 403
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 376
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 323
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 427
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 402
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 426
    4-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 362
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 359
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 378
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 387
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 393
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 379
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 398
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 340
    5-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 378
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 409
    2-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 353
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 399
    triazol-5-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 374
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 346
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 411
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 365
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 399
    4-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 422
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 368
    4-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 337
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 1-naphthyl 368
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 336
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-propylphenyl 360
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 336
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 354
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 353
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 368
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 374
    phenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 353
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 378
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 387
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 387
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 336
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-butylphenyl 374
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-methylphenyl 332
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy phenyl 318
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 346
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 354
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 378
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 354
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 354
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 362
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 422
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-methylphenyl 332
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 404
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 348
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-bromophenyl 397
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-bromophenyl 397
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 404
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 402
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 420
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 609
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 376
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 354
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(4- 425
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy pyridin-4-yl 319
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 448
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-iodophenyl 444
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 388
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 462
    pyridin-3-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 346
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 378
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 388
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 384
    4-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 388
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 1-naphthyl 382
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 378
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) 454
    phenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-(4- 446
    chlorophenoxyl pyridin-3-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy pentafluorophenyl 408
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 434
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 442
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,4-difluorophenyl 410
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 442
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-naphthyl 425
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-methoxyphenyl 404
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 465
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 443
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-bromophenyl 453
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-pyridyl 375
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 469
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 443
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 410
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 458
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-fluoro-4- 460
    propyl)phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-bromothienyl 459
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-acetoxyphenyl 432
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 379
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(phenylthiopyrid-3-yl 484
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 458
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 483
    propyl)phenoxy 4-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-ethoxyphenyl 418
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-chlorothiophen-2-yl 415
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 435
    propyl)phenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 443
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 450
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 436
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 454
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 396
    propyl)phenoxy 5-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 435
    propyl)phenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 465
    propyl)phenoxy 2-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-chlorophenyl 409
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 456
    propyl)phenoxy triazol-5-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 431
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 402
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 468
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 422
    propyl)phenoxy
    315-(bis-2- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 456
    propyl)phenoxy 4-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 478
    propyl)phenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 424
    propyl)phenoxy 4-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 393
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 1-naphthyl 425
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-fluorophenyl 392
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-propylphenyl 417
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-fluorophenyl 392
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,6-difluorophenyl 410
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-chlorophenyl 409
    propyl)phenoxy
    315-(bis-2- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 423
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 431
    propyl)phenoxy phenyl
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-chlorophenyl 409
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 434
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 443
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 443
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-fluorophenyl 392
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-butylphenyl 431
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-methylphenyl 388
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- phenyl 374
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-ethylphenyl 402
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,3-difluorophenyl 410
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 434
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,4-difluorophenyl 410
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,5-difluorophenyl 410
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-ethoxyphenyl 418
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 478
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-methylphenyl 388
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-fluoro-5- 460
    propyl)phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-methoxyphenyl 404
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-bromophenyl 453
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-bromophenyl 453
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-fluoro-3- 460
    propyl)phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3,5-(bis-2- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 458
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 477
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- isoxazol-5-yl 365
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- benzofuroxan-5-yl 432
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 410
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(4- 482
    propyl)phenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- pyridin-4-yl 375
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- anthraquinon-2-yl 505
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-iodophenyl 500
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 4-pentylphenyl 445
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 518
    propyl)phenoxy pyridin-3-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,6-dimethylphenyl 402
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 434
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 444
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 440
    propyl)phenoxy 4-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 444
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 1-naphthyl 439
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 434
    propyl)phenoxy
    3,5-(bis-2- 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) 510
    propyl)phenoxy phenyl
    3,5-(bis-2- 2-(4- 502
    propyl)phenoxy chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    3,5-(bis-2- pentafluorophenyl 464
    propyl)phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 418
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 426
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 394
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 426
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-naphthyl 408
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-methoxyphenyl 388
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 448
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,4-dichlorophenyl 427
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-bromophenyl 437
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-pyridyl 359
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 452
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,3-dichlorophenyl 427
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 394
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 442
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-fluoro-4- 444
    phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-bromothienyl 443
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-acetoxyphenyl 416
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 363
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 467
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 442
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 466
    phenoxy 4-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-ethoxyphenyl 402
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-chlorothien-2-yl 399
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 418
    phenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,5-dichlorophenyl 427
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 433
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 419
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 438
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 380
    phenoxy 5-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 418
    phenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 449
    phenoxy 2-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-chlorophenyl 393
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 439
    phenoxy triazol-5-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 414
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,4-dimethylphenyl 386
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 451
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 405
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 439
    phenoxy 4-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 462
    phenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 408
    phenoxy 4-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 377
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 1-naphthyl 408
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-fluorophenyl 476
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-propylphenyl 400
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-fluorophenyl 376
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,6-difluorophenyl 394
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-chlorophenyl 393
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 407
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 414
    phenoxy phenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-chlorophenyl 393
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 418
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,6-dichlorophenyl 427
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,4-dichlorophenyl 427
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-fluorophenyl 376
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-butylphenyl 414
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-methylphenyl 372
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl phenyl 358
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-ethylphenyl 386
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,3-difluorophenyl 394
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 418
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,4-difluorophenyl 394
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,5-difluorophenyl 394
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-ethoxyphenyl 402
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 462
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-methylphenyl 372
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-fluoro-5- 444
    phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-methoxyphenyl 388
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-bromophenyl 437
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-bromophenyl 437
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-fluoro-3- 444
    phenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 442
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 9-fluorenon-4-yl 460
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl isoxazol-5-yl 349
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl benzofuroxan-5-yl 416
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 394
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(4- 465
    phenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl pyridin-4-yl 359
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl anthraquinon-2-yl 488
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-iodophenyl 484
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 4-pentylphenyl 428
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 502
    phenoxy pyridin-3-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,6-dimethylphenyl 386
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 418
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 428
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 424
    phenoxy 4-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 428
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 1-naphthyl 422
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 418
    phenoxy
    3-trifluoromethyl 3,5- 494
    phenoxy bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl 2-(4- 486
    phenoxy chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl pentafluorophenyl 448
    phenoxy
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 427
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 395
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 427
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-naphthyl 409
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 389
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 449
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-bromophenyl 438
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-pyridyl 361
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 453
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 395
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 443
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 445
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-bromothienyl 444
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 417
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 364
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 468
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 443
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 467
    4-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-ethoxypheny) 403
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 400
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 419
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 434
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 420
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 439
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 381
    5-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 419
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 450
    2-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 394
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 440
    triazol-5-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 415
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 387
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 452
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 406
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 440
    4-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 463
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 409
    4-yl-
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 378
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 409
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 377
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-propylphenyl 401
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 377
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 395
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 394
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 408
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 415
    phenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 694
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 377
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-butylphenyl 415
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-methylphenyl 373
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy phenyl 359
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 387
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 395
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 395
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 395
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 403
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 463
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-methylphenyl 373
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 445
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 389
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-bromophenyl 438
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-bromophenyl 438
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 445
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 443
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 461
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 350
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 417
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 395
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(4- 466
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy pyridin-4-yl 360
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 489
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-iodophenyl 485
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 429
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 503
    pyridin-3-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 387
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 429
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 425
    4-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 429
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 413
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,5- 495
    bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-(4- 487
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy pentafluorophenyl 449
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 427
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 395
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 427
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-naphthyl 409
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 389
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 449
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-bromophenyl 438
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-pyridyl 361
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 453
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 395
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 443
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 445
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-bromothienyl 444
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 417
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 364
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 468
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 443
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 467
    4-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 403
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 400
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 419
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 434
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 420
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 439
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 381
    5-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 419
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 450
    2-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 394
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 440
    triazol-5-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 415
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 387
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 452
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 406
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 440
    4-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 463
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 409
    4-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 378
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 409
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 377
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-propylphenyl 401
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 377
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 395
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 394
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 408
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-(2-(2- 415
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 694
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 428
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 377
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-butylphenyl 415
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-methylphenyl 373
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy phenyl 359
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 387
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 395
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 395
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 395
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 403
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 463
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-methylphenyl 373
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 445
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 389
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-bromophenyl 438
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-bromophenyl 438
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 445
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 443
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 461
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 350
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 417
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 395
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(4- 466
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy pyridin-4-yl 360
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 489
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-iodophenyl 485
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 429
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 503
    pyridin-3-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 387
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 429
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 425
    4-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 429
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 1-naphthyl 413
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 419
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,5- 495
    bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-(4- 487
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy pentafluorophenyl 449
    4-chloro-3- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 319
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 407
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,4-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 407
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-naphthyl 389
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-methoxyphenyl 369
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 429
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3-bromophenyl 418
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3-pyridyl 340
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 433
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 374
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 423
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-fluoro-4- 425
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-3- 3-bromothienyl 424
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-acetoxyphenyl 397
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 344
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 448
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 423
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 447
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-3- 2-ethoxyphenyl 383
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3-chlorothien-2-yl 379
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 399
    methylphenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-3- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 414
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 400
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 419
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 361
    methylphenoxy 5-yl
    4-chloro-3- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 399
    methylphenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-3- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 429
    methylphenoxy 2-yl
    4-chloro-3- 4-chlorophenyl 373
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 420
    methylphenoxy triazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-3- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 395
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 367
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 432
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 386
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 420
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-3- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 442
    methylphenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-chloro-3- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 388
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-3- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 358
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 1-naphthyl 389
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-fluorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-propylphenyl 381
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 407
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3-fluorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,6-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-chlorophenyl 373
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 387
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-(2-(2- 395
    methylphenoxy methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-3- 3-chlorophenyl 373
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 399
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 408
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-fluorophenyl 357
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-butylphenyl 395
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-methylphenyl 353
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- phenyl 339
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-ethylphenyl 367
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,3-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 399
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3,4-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,5-difluorophenyl 375
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-ethoxyphenyl 383
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 442
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3-methylphenyl 353
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-fluoro-5- 425
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-3- 3-methoxyphenyl 369
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-bromophenyl 418
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-bromophenyl 418
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-fluoro-3- 425
    methylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl-)phenyl
    4-chloro-3- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 423
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 441
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- isoxazol-5-yl 330
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- benzofuroxan-5-yl 397
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl- 374
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(4- 446
    methylphenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-3- pyridin-4-yl 340
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- anthraquinon-2-yl 469
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-iodophenyl 465
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 4-pentylphenyl 409
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 482
    methylphenoxy pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-3- 2,6-dimethylphenyl 367
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 399
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 409
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 404
    methylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-3- 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 409
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 1-naphthyl 403
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 399
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3- 3,5- 475
    methylphenoxy bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-3- 2-(4- 466
    methylphenoxy chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-3- pentafluorophenyl 429
    methylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 467
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 475
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-difluorophenyl 443
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 475
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-naphthyl 457
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-methoxyphenyl 437
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 497
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 176
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromophenyl 486
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-pyridyl 408
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 501
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 476
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 442
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 491
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluoro-4- 493
    cyclohexylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromothienyl 492
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-acetoxyphenyl 465
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 412
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 516
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 491
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin 515
    cyclohexylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2-ethoxyphenyl 451
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorothien-2-yl- 447
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 467
    cyclohexylphenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 476
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 482
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 468
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 487
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 429
    cyclohexylphenoxy 5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 467
    cyclohexylphenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 497
    cyclohexylphenoxy 2-yl
    4-chloro-2- 4-chlorophenyl 441
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 488
    cyclohexylphenoxy triazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 463
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 435
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 500
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 454
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 488
    cyclohexylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 510
    cyclohexylphenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 456
    cyclohexylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 426
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 1-naphthyl 457
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluorophenyl 425
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-propylphenyl 449
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-fluorophenyl 425
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-difluorophenyl 443
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-chlorophenyl 441
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 455
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-(2-(2- 463
    cyclohexylphenoxy methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorophenyl 441
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 467
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 476
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 476
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-fluorophenyl 425
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-butylphenyl 463
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-methylphenyl 421
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- phenyl 407
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-ethylphenyl 435
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-difluorophenyl 443
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 467
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-difluorophenyl 443
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,5-difluorophenyl 443
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-ethoxyphenyl 451
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 510
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-methylphenyl 421
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluoro-5- 493
    cyclohexylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-methoxyphenyl 437
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-bromophenyl 486
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-bromophenyl 486
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-fluoro-3- 493
    cyclohexylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 491
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 503
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- isoxazol-5-yl 398
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- benzofuroxan-5-yl 465
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 442
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(4- 514
    cyclohexylphenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2- pyridin-4-yl 408
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- anthraquinon-2-yl 537
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-iodophenyl 533
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-pentylphenyl 477
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 550
    cyclohexylphenoxy pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dimethylphenyl 435
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 467
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 477
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 472
    cyclohexylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 477
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 1-naphthyl 471
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 467
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,5- 546
    cyclohexylphenoxy bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 2-(4- 534
    cyclohexylphenoxy chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2- pentafluorophenyl 497
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(trifluoromethyl-)phenyl 421
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,4-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 421
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-naphthyl 403
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-methoxyphenyl 484
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 443
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-bromophenyl 432
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-pyridyl 354
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 447
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 388
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 437
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-fluoro-4- 439
    dimethylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-bromothienyl 438
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-acetoxyphenyl 411
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 358
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 462
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 437
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 461
    dimethylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-ethoxyphenyl 397
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-chlorothien-2-yl 393
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 413
    dimethylphenoxy methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 428
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 414
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 433
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol 375
    dimethylphenoxy 5-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 413
    dimethylphenoxy methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl-
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 443
    dimethylphenoxy 2-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-chlorophenyl 387
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 434
    dimethylphenoxy triazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 409
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 381
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 446
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 400
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 434
    dimethylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-35- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 456
    dimethylphenoxy pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin 402
    dimethylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 372
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 1-naphthyl 403
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-fluorophenyl 371
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-propylphenyl 395
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-fluorophenyl 371
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,6-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-chlorophenyl 387
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 401
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-(2-(2- 409
    dimethylphenoxy methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-chlorophenyl 387
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 422
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-fluorophenyl 371
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-butylphenyl 409
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-methyl-phenyl 367
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- phenyl 353
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-ethylphenyl 381
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,3-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,4-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,5-difluorophenyl 389
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-ethoxyphenyl 397
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 456
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-methylphenyl 367
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-fluoro-5- 439
    dimethylphenoxy (trifluorophenyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-methoxyphenyl 383
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-bromophenyl 432
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-bromophenyl 432
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-fluoro-3- 439
    dimethylphenoxy (trifluoromethyl-)phenyl
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 437
    dimethyl-phenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 455
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- isoxazol-5-yl 344
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- benzofuroxan-5-yl 411
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 388
    dimethyl-phenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(4- 460
    dimethylphenoxy methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- pyridin-4-yl 354
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- anthraquinon-2-yl 483
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-iodophenyl 479
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-pentylphenyl 423
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 496
    dimethylphenoxy pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,6-dimethylphenyl 381
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 423
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 418
    dimethylphenoxy 4-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 423
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 1-naphthyl 417
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 413
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,5- 489
    dimethylphenoxy bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-(4- 480
    dimethylphenoxy chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-3,5- pentafluorophenyl 443
    dimethylphenoxy
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 351
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 359
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 327
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 359
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-naphthyl 341
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-methoxyphenyl 321
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 381
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 360
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-bromophenyl 370
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-pyridyl 292
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 385
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 360
    pyrid-3-yloxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 327
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 375
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-fluoro-4- 377
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-bromothienyl 376
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 349
    pyrid-3-yloxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 296
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 400
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 375
    pyrid-3-yloxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 399
    4-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 335
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 332
    pyrid-3-yloxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 351
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 360
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 366
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 352
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 371
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 313
    5-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 351
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-chlorobenzo [bi thiophen- 382
    2-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-chlorophenyl 326
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 372
    triazol-5-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy benzo [b]thiophen-2-yl 347
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 319
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 384
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 338
    pyrid-3-yloxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 372
    4-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 395
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 341
    4-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 310
    pyrid-3-yloxy 1-naphthyl 341
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-fluorophenyl 309
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-propylphenyl 333
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-fluorophenyl 309
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 327
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-chlorophenyl 326
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 340
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-(2-(2- 347
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-chlorophenyl 326
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 351
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 360
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 360
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-fluorophenyl 309
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-butylphenyl 347
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-methylphenyl 305
    pyrid-3-yloxy phenyl 291
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-ethylphenyl 319
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 327
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 351
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 327
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 327
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 335
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 395
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-methylphenyl 305
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-fluoro-5- 377
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-methoxyphenyl 321
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-bromophenyl 370
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-bromophenyl 370
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-fluoro-3- 377
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 375
    pyrid-3-yloxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 393
    pyrid-3-yloxy isoxazol-5-yl 282
    pyrid-3-yloxy benzofuroxan-5-yl 349
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 327
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(4- 398
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy pyridin-4-yl 292
    pyrid-3-yloxy anthraquinon-2-yl 421
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-iodophenyl 417
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-pentylphenyl 361
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio) 435
    pyridin-3-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 319
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 354
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl- 361
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 357
    4-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 361
    pyrid-3-yloxy 1-naphthyl 355
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 351
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,5- 427
    bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-(4- 419
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy pentafluorophenyl 381
    4-bromophenoxy 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 429
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 437
    4-bromophenoxy 2,4-difluorophenyl 405
    4-bromophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 437
    4-bromophenoxy 2-naphthyl 419
    4-bromophenoxy 2-methoxyphenyl 399
    4-bromophenoxy 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 459
    4-bromophenoxy 3,4-dichlorophenyl 438
    4-bromophenoxy 3-bromophenyl 448
    4-bromophenoxy 3-pyridyl 370
    4-bromophenoxy 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 463
    4-bromophenoxy 2,3-dichlorophenyl 438
    4-bromophenoxy 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 405
    4-bromophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 453
    4-bromophenoxy 2-fluoro-4- 455
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 3-bromothienyl 454
    4-bromophenoxy 2-acetoxyphenyl 427
    4-bromophenoxy 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 374
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 478
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 453
    4-bromophenoxy 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 477
    4-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 2-ethoxyphenyl 413
    4-bromophenoxy 3-chlorothien-2-yl 410
    4-bromophenoxy 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 429
    methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 3,5-dichlorophenyl 438
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 444
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 430
    4-bromophenoxy 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 449
    4-bromophenoxy 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 391
    5-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 429
    methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 460
    2-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 4-chlorophenyl 404
    4-bromophenoxy 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 450
    triazol-5-yl
    4-bromophenoxy benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 425
    4-bromophenoxy 3,4-dimethylphenyl 397
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 462
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 416
    4-bromophenoxy 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 450
    4-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 473
    pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-bromophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 419
    4-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 388
    4-bromophenoxy 1-naphthyl 419
    4-bromophenoxy 2-fluorophenyl 387
    4-bromophenoxy 4-propylphenyl 411
    4-bromophenoxy 3-fluorophenyl 387
    4-bromophenoxy 2,6-difluorophenyl 405
    4-bromophenoxy 2-chlorophenyl 414
    4-bromophenoxy 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 418
    4-bromophenoxy 4-(2-(2- 425
    methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 3-chlorophenyl 404
    4-bromophenoxy 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 429
    4-bromophenoxy 2,6-dichlorophenyl 438
    4-bromophenoxy 2,4-dichlorophenyl 438
    4-bromophenoxy 4-fluorophenyl 387
    4-bromophenoxy 4-butylphenyl 425
    4-bromophenoxy 2-methylphenyl 383
    4-bromophenoxy phenyl 369
    4-bromophenoxy 4-ethylphenyl 397
    4-bromophenoxy 2,3-difluorophenyl 405
    4-bromophenoxy 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 429
    4-bromophenoxy 3,4-difluorophenyl 405
    4-bromophenoxy 2,5-difluorophenyl 405
    4-bromophenoxy 4-ethoxyphenyl 413
    4-bromophenoxy 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 473
    4-bromophenoxy 3-methylphenyl 383
    4-bromophenoxy 2-fluoro-5- 455
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 3-methoxyphenyl 399
    4-bromophenoxy 2-bromophenyl 448
    4-bromophenoxy 4-bromophenyl 448
    4-bromophenoxy 4-fluoro-3- 455
    (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 453
    4-bromophenoxy 9-fluorenon-4-yl 471
    4-bromophenoxy isoxazol-5-yl 360
    4-bromophenoxy benzo furoxan-5-yl 427
    4-bromophenoxy 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 360
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(4- 476
    methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-bromophenoxy pyridin-4-yl 370
    4-bromophenoxy anthraquinon-2-yl 499
    4-bromophenoxy 2-iodophenyl 495
    4-bromophenoxy 4-pentylphenyl 439
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(4- 513
    chlorophenylthio)pyridin-
    3-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl 397
    4-bromophenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl 429
    4-bromophenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl 439
    4-bromophenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin- 435
    4-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl 439
    4-bromophenoxy 1-naphthyl 433
    4-bromophenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 429
    4-bromophenoxy 3,5- 505
    bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 2-(4- 497
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-bromophenoxy pentafluorophenyl 459
    4-chloro-2- 4-biphenyl 431
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 415
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 423
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-difluorophenyl 391
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-cyanophenyl 380
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 423
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-cyanophenyl 380
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-naphthyl 405
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-methoxyphenyl 385
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 445
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-nitrophenyl 400
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 424
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 5-nitrofuran-2-yl 390
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromophenyl 434
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-pyridyl 356
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 449
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 424
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-nitrophenyl 400
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 390
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 439
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluoro-4- 441
    methylphenylthio (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromothienyl 440
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-acetoxyphenyl 413
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 360
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 464
    methylphenyl thio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 439
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 463
    methylphenylthio 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2-ethoxyphenyl 399
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorothien-2-yl 395
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 415
    methylphenylthio methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 424
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 430
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 416
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 435
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 377
    methylphenylthio 5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 415
    methylphenylthio methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 445
    methylphenylthio 2-yl
    4-chloro-2- 4-chlorophenyl 389
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 436
    methylphenylthio triazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 411
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 383
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 448
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 402
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 436
    methylphenylthio 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 458
    methylphenylthio pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 404
    methylphenylthio 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 374
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 1-naphthyl 405
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluorophenyl 373
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-propylphenyl 397
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 423
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-fluorophenyl 373
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-difluorophenyl 391
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-chlorophenyl 389
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 403
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-(2-(2- 411
    methylphenylthio methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorophenyl 389
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-nitrophenyl 400
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 415
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 424
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 424
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-fluorophenyl 373
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-butylphenyl 411
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-methylphenyl 369
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- phenyl 355
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-ethylphenyl 383
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-difluorophenyl 391
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 415
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-difluorophenyl 391
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,5-difluorophenyl 391
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-ethoxyphenyl 399
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 458
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3-methylphenyl 369
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluoro-5- 441
    methylphenylthio (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-methoxyphenyl 385
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- thien-2-yl 361
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-bromophenyl 434
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-bromophenyl 434
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-fluoro-3- 441
    methylphenylthio (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 439
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 457
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- isoxazol-5-yl 346
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- benzofuroxan-5-yl 413
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 390
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-difluorophenyl 391
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(4- 462
    methylphenylthio methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2- pyridin-4-yl 356
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- anthraquinon-2-yl 485
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-iodophenyl 481
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 4-biphenyl 414
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl 398
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 406
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-difluorophenyl 374
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-cyanophenyl 363
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 406
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-cyanophenyl 363
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-naphthyl 388
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-methoxyphenyl 368
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl 428
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-nitrophenyl 383
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dichlorophenyl 407
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 5-nitrofuran-2-yl 373
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromophenyl 417
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-pyridyl 339
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-ethoxynaphth-1-yl 432
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-dichlorophenyl 407
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-nitrophenyl 383
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 6-chloropyrid-3-yl 373
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 422
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluoro-4- 424
    methylanilino (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromothienyl 423
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-acetoxyphenyl 396
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl 343
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-(phenylthio)pyrid-3-yl 447
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 422
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 1-phenyl-5-propylpyrazin- 446
    methylanilino 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2-ethoxyphenyl 382
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorothien-2-yl 378
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 1-(2-(2-methyl)propyl)-3- 398
    methylanilino methylpyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dichlorophenyl 407
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-(propylthio)pyridin-3-yl 413
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-(ethylthio)pyridin-3-yl 399
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-bromopyridin-5-yl 418
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol- 360
    methylanilino 5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 1-methyl-3-(2-(2- 398
    methylanilino methyl)propyl)pyrazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorobenzo[b]thiophen- 428
    methylanilino 2-yl
    4-chloro-2- 4-chlorophenyl 372
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,2,3- 419
    methylanilino triazol-5-yl
    4-chloro-2- benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl 394
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-dimethylphenyl 366
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-(phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl 431
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-(methylthio)pyridin-3-yl 385
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol- 419
    methylanilino 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 4-chloro-1,3-dimethyl 441
    methylanilino pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridin-3-
    yl
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloro-6-methylpyridin- 387
    methylanilino 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl 357
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 1-naphthyl 388
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluorophenyl 356
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-propylphenyl 380
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 406
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-fluorophenyl 356
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-difluorophenyl 374
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-chlorophenyl 372
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-(chloromethyl)phenyl 386
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-(2-(2- 394
    methylanilino methyl)propyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-chlorophenyl 372
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-nitrophenyl 383
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl 398
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dichlorophenyl 407
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-dichlorophenyl 407
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-fluorophenyl 356
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-butylphenyl 394
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-methylphenyl 352
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- phenyl 338
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-ethylphenyl 366
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-difluorophenyl 374
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl 398
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3,4-difluorophenyl 374
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,5-difluorophenyl 374
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-ethoxyphenyl 382
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 441
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3-methylphenyl 352
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-fluoro-5- 424
    methylanilino (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-methoxyphenyl 368
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- thien-2-yl 344
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-bromophenyl 417
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-bromophenyl 417
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 4-fluoro-3- 424
    methylanilino (trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 422
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 9-fluorenon-4-yl 440
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- isoxazol-5-yl 329
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- benzofuroxan-5-yl 396
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloropyrid-3-yl 373
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-difluorophenyl 374
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-(4- 445
    methylanilino methylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2- pyridin-4-yl 339
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- anthraquinon-2-yl 468
    methylanilino
    4-chloro-2- 2-iodophenyl 464
    methylanilino
  • The compounds listed in Table 7 can be prepared from substituted 5-aminopyridine compounds and the appropriate acid chloride according to the general procedure above. [0227]
    TABLE 7
    R1X R3
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 3,4-difluorphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 4-pentylphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)
    pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin-
    4-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 1-naphthyl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 3,5-
    bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy 2-(4-
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy pentafluorophenyl
    1-naphthoxy 4-pentylphenyl
    1-naphthoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)
    pyridin-3-yl
    1-naphthoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl
    1-naphthoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl
    1-naphthoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl
    1-naphthoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin-
    4-yl
    1-naphthoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl
    1-naphthoxy 1-naphthyl
    1-naphthoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl
    1-naphthoxy 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)
    phenyl
    1-naphthoxy 2-(4-
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    1-naphthoxy pentafluorophenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 4-pentylphenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)
    pyridin-3-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin-
    4-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 1-naphthyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)
    phenyl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy 2-(4-
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2-(2-propyl)phenoxy pentafluorophenyl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 4-pentylphenyl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)
    pyridin-3-yl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin-
    4-yl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 1-naphthyl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)
    phenyl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy 2-(4-
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    3-fluoro-5-methylphenoxy pentafluorophenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 4-pentylphenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)
    pyridin-3-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,6-dimethylphenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin-
    4-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 1-naphthyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)
    phenyl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy 2-(4-
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    2-methylpyrid-3-yloxy pentafluorophenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-biphenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    4-methoxyphenoxy thien-2-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-biphenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy thien-2-yl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-biphenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-fluorophenoxy thien-2-yl
    4-fluorophenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-biphenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chlorophenoxy thien-2-yl
    4-chlorophenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-biphenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-biphenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-cyanophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-cyanophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-nitrophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3-nitrophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 2-nitrophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- thien-2-yl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2,5- 3,5-difluorophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-methoxyphenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    2-(2-propoxy)phenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy thien-2-yl
    2,4-difluorophenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-biphenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy thien-2-yl
    4-thiomethylphenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 4-biphenyl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 4-cyanophenyl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 3-cyanophenyl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 4-nitrophenyl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 3-nitrophenyl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 2-nitrophenyl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) thien-2-yl
    phenoxy
    4-(2-(2-methyl)propyl) 3,5-difluorophenyl
    phenoxy
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-biphenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy thien-2-yl
    2,3-dimethylphenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 4-biphenyl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy thien-2-yl
    3,5-(bis-2-propyl)phenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 4-biphenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy thien-2-yl
    3-trifluoromethyl phenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-biphenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy thien-2-yl
    2,6-dichlorophenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-biphenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy thien-2-yl
    2,4-dichlorophenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy 4-biphenyl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy thien-2-yl
    4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    4-chloro-2- 4-biphenyl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-cyanophenyl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-cyanophenyl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-nitrophenyl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3-nitrophenyl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 2-nitrophenyl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- thien-2-yl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-difluorophenyl
    cyclohexylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-biphenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-cyanophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-cyanophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-nitrophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3-nitrophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 2-nitrophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- thien-2-yl
    dimethylphenoxy
    4-chloro-3,5- 3,5-difluorophenyl
    dimethylphenoxy
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-biphenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-cyanophenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-cyanophenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-nitrophenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3-nitrophenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 2-nitrophenyl
    pyrid-3-yloxy thien-2-yl
    pyrid-3-yloxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 4-biphenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 4-cyanophenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 3-cyanophenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 4-nitrophenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 5-nitrofuran-2-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 3-nitrophenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-bromophenoxy 2-nitrophenyl
    4-bromophenoxy thien-2-yl
    4-bromophenoxy 3,5-difluorophenyl
    4-chloro-2- 4-pentylphenyl
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)
    methylphenylthio pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2,6-dimethylphenyl
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin-
    methylphenylthio 4-yl
    4-chloro-2- 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 1-naphthyl
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2- 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)
    methylphenylthio phenyl
    4-chloro-2- 2-(4-
    methylphenylthio chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2- pentafluorophenyl
    methylphenylthio
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 4-pentylphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 2-(4-chlorophenylthio)
    pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 2,6-dimethylphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 2,5-dimethoxyphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 2,5-dichloropyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridin-
    4-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 2,3-dichloropyridin-5-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 1-naphthyl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 3,5-
    bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino 2-(4-
    chlorophenoxy)pyridin-3-yl
    4-chloro-2-methylanilino pentafluorophenyl
  • EXAMPLE 19
  • [0228]
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00027
  • General procedure for the synthesis of 6-(substituted-amino)-N-substituted nicotinamides [0229]
  • Step A. General procedure for the preparation of 6-chloro-N-substituted nicotinamide: [0230]
  • To a suspension of 6-chloronicotinoyl chloride (1.76 g, 10.0 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (10 mL) was added the amine (R[0231] 3R4NH) (10.0 mmol) followed by the dropwise addition of triethylamine (1.7 mL, 12.2 mmol). After stirring for 40 min. at room temperature, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with aqueous 1 M hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous sodium hydrogencarbonate and water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduce pressure to afford the desired nicotinamide.
  • The following compounds were prepared according to this procedure using the appropriate substituted amine: [0232]
  • 6-Chloro-N-o-tolylnicotinamide: MS (m/z): 247/249 (M+H)[0233] +; C13H11ClN2O1 requires 246.5.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(2-fluorophenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 251/253 (M+H)[0234] +; C12H8Cl1F1N2O1 requires 250.7.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 261/263 (M+H)[0235] +; C14H13Cl1N2O1 requires 260.7.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(2-phenoxyphenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 325/327 (M+H)[0236] +; C18H13ClN2O1 requires 324.8.
  • 6-Chloro-N-phenylnicotinamide: MS (m/z): 233/235 (M+H)[0237] +; C12H8ClN2O1 requires 232.7.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 269/271 (M+H)[0238] +; C12H7Cl1F2N2O1 requires 2:68.6.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 317/319 (M+H)[0239] +; C18H21Cl1N2O1 requires 316.8.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methylnicotinamide: MS (m/z): 281/283 (M+H)[0240] +; C13H10Cl2N2O1 requires 281.1.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 293/295 (M+H)[0241] +; C14H13Cl1N2O3 requires 292.7.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 263/265 (M+H)[0242] +; C13H11Cl1N2O2 requires 262.7.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 263/265 (M+H)[0243] +; C13H11Cl1N2O2 requires 262.7.
  • 6-Chloro-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)nicotinamide: MS (m/z): 263/265 (M+H)[0244] +; C13H11Cl1N2O2 requires 262.7.
  • 6-Chloro-N-methyl-N-phenylnicotinamide: MS (m/z): 247/249 (M+H)[0245] +; C13H11Cl1N2O1 requires 246.7.
  • N-Benzyl-6-chloronicotinamide: MS (m/z): 247/249 (M+H)[0246] +; C13H11Cl1N2O1 requires 246.7.
  • Step B. General procedure for the preparation of 6-(substituted-amino)-N-substituted nicotinamides [0247]
  • A mixture of the 6-chloro-N-substituted nicotinamide (12.5 mmol) and amine (R[0248] 1NH2 or R1NHCH3) (20 mmol) in ethylene glycol (50 mL) or pyridine (alkylamines) (50 mL) was heated to 140° C. for 20 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane/methanol (9:1, 250 mL) and filtered through a plug of silica gel, washing with additional dichloromethane/methanol (9:1, 250 mL). Concentration under reduced pressure afforded the desired 6-(substituted-amino)-N-substituted nicotinamide.
  • The compounds listed in Tables 8-11 were prepared from 6-chloro-N-substituted nicotinamides compounds and the appropriate amine according to the general procedure above. [0249]
    TABLE 8
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00028
    MS
    R3 R1 (m/z)
    o-tolyl phenyl 303
    o-tolyl o-tolyl 317
    o-tolyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 352
    o-tolyl 2-fluorophenyl 321
    o-tolyl 3-fluorophenyl 321
    o-tolyl 4-fluorophenyl 321
    o-tolyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 339
    o-tolyl 2-methoxyphenyl 333
    o-tolyl 3-methoxyphenyl 333
    o-tolyl 4-methoxyphenyl 333
    o-tolyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 363
    o-tolyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 395
    o-tolyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 395
    o-tolyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 395
    o-tolyl 4-biphenyl 379
    o-tolyl 4-benzylphenyl 393
    o-tolyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 387
    o-tolyl cyclohexyl 309
    o-tolyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 323
    o-tolyl cycloheptyl 323
    o-tolyl indan-1-yl 343
    o-tolyl 2-dicyclohexyl 492
    2-fluorophenyl phenyl 307
    2-fluorophenyl o-tolyl 321
    2-fluorophenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 356
    2-fluorophenyl 2-fluorophenyl 325
    2-fluorophenyl 3-fluorophenyl 325
    2-fluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl 325
    2-fluorophenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 343
    2-fluorophenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 337
    2-fluorophenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 337
    2-fluorophenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 337
    2-fluorophenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 367
    2-fluorophenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 399
    2-fluorophenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 399
    2-fluorophenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 399
    2-fluorophenyl 4-biphenyl 383
    2-fluorophenyl 4-benzylphenyl 397
    2-fluorophenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 391
    2-fluorophenyl cyclohexyl 313
    2-fluorophenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 327
    2-fluorophenyl cycloheptyl 327
    2-fluorophenyl indan-1-yl 347
    2-fluorophenyl 2-dicyclohexyl 395
    2,6-dimethylphenyl phenyl 317
    2,6-dimethylphenyl o-tolyl 331
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 366
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-fluorophenyl 335
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 3-fluorophenyl 335
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 4-fluorophenyl 335
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 353
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 347
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 347
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 347
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 377
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 409
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 409
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 409
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 4-biphenyl 393
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 4-benzylphenyl 407
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 401
    2,6-dimethylphenyl cyclohexyl 323
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 337
    2,6-dimethylphenyl cycloheptyl 667
    2,6-dimethylphenyl indan-1-yl 357
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-dicyclohexyl 406
    2-phenoxyphenyl phenyl 381
    2-phenoxyphenyl o-tolyl 395
    2-phenoxyphenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 430
    2-phenoxyphenyl 2-fluorophenyl 399
    2-phenoxyphenyl 3-fluorophenyl 399
    2-phenoxyphenyl 4-fluorophenyl 399
    2-phenoxyphenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 417
    2-phenoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 411
    2-phenoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 411
    2-phenoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 411
    2-phenoxyphenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 441
    2-phenoxyphenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 473
    2-phenoxyphenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 473
    2-phenoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 473
    2-phenoxyphenyl 4-biphenyl 457
    2-phenoxyphenyl 4-benzylphenyl 472
    2-phenoxyphenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 465
    2-phenoxyphenyl cyclohexyl 387
    2-phenoxyphenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 401
    2-phenoxyphenyl cycloheptyl 401
    2-phenoxyphenyl indan-1-yl 421
    2-phenoxyphenyl 2-cyclohexyl 470
    phenyl phenyl 289
    phenyl o-tolyl 303
    phenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 338
    phenyl 2-fluorophenyl 307
    phenyl 3-fluorophenyl 307
    phenyl 4-fluorophenyl 307
    phenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 325
    phenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 319
    phenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 319
    phenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 319
    phenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 349
    phenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 381
    phenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 381
    phenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 381
    phenyl 4-biphenyl 365
    phenyl 4-benzylphenyl 379
    phenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 373
    phenyl cyclohexyl 295
    phenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 309
    phenyl cycloheptyl 309
    phenyl indan-1-yl 329
    phenyl 2-dicyclohexyl 377
    2,4-difluorophenyl phenyl 325
    2,4-difluorophenyl o-tolyl 339
    2,4-difluorophenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 374
    2,4-difluorophenyl 2-fluorophenyl 343
    2,4-difluorophenyl 3-fluorophenyl 343
    2,4-difluorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl 343
    2,4-difluorophenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 361
    2,4-difluorophenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 355
    2,4-difluorophenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 355
    2,4-difluorophenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 355
    2,4-difluorophenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 385
    2,4-difluorophenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 417
    2,4-difluorophenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 417
    2,4-difluorophenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 417
    2,4-difluorophenyl 4-biphenyl 401
    2,4-difluorophenyl 4-benzylphenyl 415
    2,4-difluorophenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 409
    2,4-difluorophenyl cyclohexyl 331
    2,4-difluorophenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 345
    2,4-difluorophenyl cycloheptyl 345
    2,4-difluorophenyl indan-1-yl 365
    2,4-difluorophenyl 2-dicyclohexyl 413
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl phenyl 373
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl o-tolyl 387
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 422
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 2-fluorophenyl 391
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 3-fluorophenyl 391
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 4-fluorophenyl 391
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 409
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 403
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 403
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 403
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 434
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 466
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 466
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 466
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 4-biphenyl 450
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 4-benzylphenyl 464
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 457
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl cyclohexyl 380
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 394
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl cycloheptyl 394
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl indan-1-yl 414
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 2-dicyclohexyl 462
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl phenyl 349
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl o-tolyl 363
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 398
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 2-fluorophenyl 367
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 3-fluorophenyl 367
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 4-fluorophenyl 367
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 385
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 379
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 379
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 379
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 409
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 441
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 441
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 441
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 4-biphenyl 425
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 4-benzylphenyl 439
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 433
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl 417
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl cyclohexyl 355
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 369
    3-methoxyphenyl phenyl 319
    3-methoxyphenyl o-tolyl 333
    3-methoxyphenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 368
    3-methoxyphenyl 2-fluorophenyl 337
    3-methoxyphenyl 3-fluorophenyl 337
    3-methoxyphenyl 4-fluorophenyl 337
    3-methoxyphenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 355
    3-methoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 349
    3-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 349
    3-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 349
    3-methoxyphenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 379
    3-methoxyphenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 411
    3-methoxyphenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 411
    3-methoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 411
    3-methoxyphenyl 4-biphenyl 395
    3-methoxyphenyl 4-benzylphenyl 409
    3-methoxyphenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 403
    3-methoxyphenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl 387
    3-methoxyphenyl cyclohexyl 625
    3-methoxyphenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 339
    4-methoxyphenyl phenyl 319
    4-methoxyphenyl o-tolyl 333
    4-methoxyphenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 368
    4-methoxyphenyl 2-fluorophenyl 337
    4-methoxyphenyl 3-fluorophenyl 337
    4-methoxyphenyl 4-fluorophenyl 337
    4-methoxyphenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 355
    4-methoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 349
    4-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 349
    4-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 349
    4-methoxyphenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 379
    4-methoxyphenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 411
    4-methoxyphenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 411
    4-methoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 411
    4-methoxyphenyl 4-biphenyl 395
    4-methoxyphenyl 4-benzylphenyl 409
    4-methoxyphenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 403
    4-methoxyphenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl 387
    4-methoxyphenyl cyclohexyl 625
    4-methoxyphenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 339
    2-methoxyphenyl phenyl 319
    2-methoxyphenyl o-tolyl 333
    2-methoxyphenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 368
    2-methoxyphenyl 2-fluorophenyl 337
    2-methoxyphenyl 3-fluorophenyl 337
    2-methoxyphenyl 4-fluorophenyl 337
    2-methoxyphenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 355
    2-methoxyphenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 349
    2-methoxyphenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 349
    2-methoxyphenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 349
    2-methoxyphenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 379
    2-methoxyphenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 411
    2-methoxyphenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 411
    2-methoxyphenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 411
    2-methoxyphenyl 4-biphenyl 395
    2-methoxyphenyl 4-benzylphenyl 409
    2-methoxyphenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 403
    2-methoxyphenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl 387
    2-methoxyphenyl cyclohexyl 625
    2-methoxyphenyl 2 -methylcyclohexyl 339
  • [0250]
    TABLE 9
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00029
    MS
    R3 R1 (m/z)
    4-chlorophenyl phenyl 338
    4-chlorophenyl o-tolyl 352
    4-chlorophenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 386
    4-chlorophenyl 2-fluorophenyl 356
    4-chlorophenyl 3-fluorophenyl 356
    4-chlorophenyl 4-fluorophenyl 356
    4-chlorophenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 374
    4-chlorophenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 368
    4-chlorophenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 368
    4-chlorophenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 368
    4-chlorophenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 398
    4-chlorophenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 430
    4-chlorophenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 430
    4-chlorophenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 430
    4-chlorophenyl 4-biphenyl 414
    4-chlorophenyl 4-benzylphenyl 428
    4-chlorophenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 422
    4-chlorophenyl cyclohexyl 344
    4-chlorophenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 358
    phenyl phenyl 303
    phenyl o-tolyl 317
    phenyl 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl 352
    phenyl 2-fluorophenyl 321
    phenyl 3-fluorophenyl 321
    phenyl 4-fluorophenyl 321
    phenyl 2,4-difluorophenyl 339
    phenyl 2-methoxyphenyl 333
    phenyl 3-methoxyphenyl 333
    phenyl 4-methoxyphenyl 333
    phenyl 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 363
    phenyl 2-phenoxyphenyl 395
    phenyl 3-phenoxyphenyl 395
    phenyl 4-phenoxyphenyl 395
    phenyl 4-biphenyl 379
    phenyl 4-benzylphenyl 393
    phenyl 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl 387
    phenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl 371
    phenyl cyclohexyl 309
    phenyl 2-methylcyclohexyl 323
  • [0251]
    TABLE 10
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00030
    MS
    R3 R1 (m/z)
    o-tolyl N-methylphenyl 317
    o-tolyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 352
    o-tolyl N-methylcyclohexyl 323
    2-fluorophenyl N-methylphenyl 321
    2-fluorophenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 356
    2-fluorophenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 327
    2,6-dimethylphenyl N-methylphenyl 331
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 366
    2,6-dimethylphenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 337
    2-phenoxyphenyl N-methylphenyl 395
    2-phenoxyphenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 430
    2-phenoxyphenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 401
    phenyl N-methylphenyl 303
    phenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 338
    phenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 309
    2,4-difluorophenyl N-methylphenyl 339
    2,4-difluorophenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 374
    2,4-difluorophenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 345
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl N-methylphenyl 387
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 422
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 394
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl N-methylphenyl 363
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 398
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 369
    3-methoxyphenyl N-methylphenyl 333
    3-methoxyphenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 368
    3-methoxyphenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 339
    4-methoxyphenyl N-methylphenyl 333
    4-methoxyphenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 368
    4-methoxyphenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 339
    2-methoxyphenyl N-methylphenyl 333
    2-methoxyphenyl 4-chloro-N-methylphenyl 368
    2-methoxyphenyl N-methylcyclohexyl 339
  • [0252]
    TABLE 11
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00031
    MS
    R3 R1 (m/z)
    4-chlorophenyl phenyl 352
    4-chlorophenyl 4-chlorophenyl 386
    4-chlorophenyl cyclohexyl 358
    phenyl phenyl 317
    phenyl 4-chlorophenyl 352
    phenyl cyclohexyl 323
  • The compounds listed in Tables 12-13 can be prepared from 6-chloro-N-substituted nicotinamides compounds and the appropriate amine according to the general procedure above. [0253]
    TABLE 12
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00032
    R1X R3
    o-tolyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl
    2-fluorophenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl
    2,6-dimethylphenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl
    2-phenoxyphenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl
    phenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl
    2,4-difluorophenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl
    2,6-diisopropylphenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl cycloheptyl
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl indan-1-yl
    2,4-dimethoxyphenyl 2-dicyclohexyl
    3-methoxyphenyl cycloheptyl
    3-methoxyphenyl indan-1-yl
    3-methoxyphenyl 2-dicyclohexyl
    4-methoxyphenyl cyclohexyl
    4-methoxyphenyl indan-1-yl
    4-methoxyphenyl 2-dicyclohexyl
    2-methoxyphenyl cycloheptyl
    2-methoxyphenyl indan-1-yl
    2-methoxyphenyl 2-dicyclohexyl
  • [0254]
    TABLE 13
    Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00033
    R1X R3
    4-chlorophenyl 3-trifluoromethylphenyl
    4-chlorophenyl cycloheptyl
    4-chlorophenyl indan-1-yl
    4-chlorophenyl 2-dicyclohexyl
    phenyl cycloheptyl
    phenyl indan-1-yl
    phenyl 2-dicyclohexyl
  • EXAMPLE 20
  • The following assays were used to characterize the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit the production of TNF-α and IL-1-β. The second assay measured the inhibition of TNF-α and/or IL-1-β in mice after oral administration of the test compounds. The third assay, a glucagon binding inhibition in vitro assay, can be used to characterize the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit glucagon binding. The fourth assay, a Cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibition activity in vitro assay, can be used to characterize the ability of compounds of the invention to inhibit COX-1 and/or COX-2. The fifth assay, a Raf-kinase inhibition assay, can be used to characterize the compounds of the invention to inhibit phosphorylation of MEK by activated Raf-kinase. [0255]
  • Lipopolysaccharide-activated monocyte TNF production assay [0256]
  • Isolation of monocytes [0257]
  • Test compounds were evaluated in vitro for the ability to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by monocytes activated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fresh residual source leukocytes (a byproduct of plateletpheresis) were obtained from a local blood bank, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation on Ficol-Paque Plus (Pharmacia). PBMCs were suspended at 2×10[0258] 6/ml in DMEM supplemented to contain 2% FCS, 10 mM, 0.3 mg/ml glutamate, 100 U/ml penicillin G and 100 mg/ml streptomycin sulfate (complete media). Cells were plated into Falcon flat bottom, 96 well culture plates (200 μl/well) and cultured overnight at 37° C. and 6% CO2. Non-adherent cells were removed by washing with 200 μl/well of fresh medium. Wells containing adherent cells (˜70% monocytes) were replenished with 100 μl of fresh medium.
  • Preparation of test compound stock solutions [0259]
  • Test compounds were dissolved in DMSO. Compound stock solutions were prepared to an initial concentration of 10-50 μM. Stocks were diluted initially to 20-200 μM in complete media. Nine two-fold serial dilutions of each compound were then prepared in complete medium. [0260]
  • Treatment of cells with test compounds and activation of TNF production with lipopolysaccharide [0261]
  • One hundred microliters of each test compound dilution were added to microtiter wells containing adherent monocytes and 100 μl complete medium. Monocytes were cultured with test compounds for 60 min at which time 25 μl of complete medium containing 30 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide from [0262] E. coli K532 were added to each well. Cells were cultured an additional 4 hrs. Culture supernatants were then removed and TNF presence in the supernatants was quantified using an ELISA.
  • TNF ELISA [0263]
  • Flat bottom, 96 well Corning High Binding ELISA plates were coated overnight (4° C.) with 150 μL/well of 3 μg/ml murine anti-human TNF-α MAb (R&D Systems #MAB210). Wells were then blocked for 1 hr at room temperature with 200 μL/well of CaCl[0264] 2-free ELISA buffer supplemented to contain 20 mg/ml BSA (standard ELISA buffer: 20 mM, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM CaCl2, 0.15 mM thimerosal, pH 7.4). Plates were washed and replenished with 100 μl of test supernatants (diluted 1:3) or standards. Standards consisted of eleven 1.5-fold serial dilutions from a stock of 1 ng/ml recombinant human TNF (R&D Systems). Plates were incubated at room temperature for 1 hr on orbital shaker (300 rpm), washed and replenished with 100 μl/well of 0.5 μg/ml goat anti-human TNF-α (R&D systems #AB-210-NA) biotinylated at a 4:1 ratio. Plates were incubated for 40 min, washed and replenished with 100 μl/well of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated streptavidin (Jackson ImmunoResearch #016-050-084) at 0.02 μg/ml. Plates were incubated 30 min, washed and replenished with 200 μl/well of 1 mg/ml of p-nitrophenyl phosphate. After 30 min, plates were read at 405 nm on a Vmax plate reader.
  • Data analysis [0265]
  • Standard curve data were fit to a second order polynomial and unknown TNF-α concentrations determined from their OD by solving this equation for concentration. TNF concentrations were then plotted vs. test compound concentration using a second order polynomial. This equation was then used to calculate the concentration of test compounds causing a 50% reduction in TNF production. [0266]
  • The following compounds had an IC[0267] 50 of less than 15 μM:
  • 2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonylamino)pyridine; [0268]
  • 2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino)pyridine; [0269]
  • 2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0270]
  • 2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0271]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0272]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0273]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0274]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0275]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0276]
  • 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0277]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0278]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; [0279]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2-fluorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0280]
  • 2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0281]
  • 2-(l-naphthyloxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0282]
  • 2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0283]
  • 2-(2-methyl-3-pyridyloxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0284]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-((3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)carbonylamino)pyridine; [0285]
  • 2-cyclohexylamino-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0286]
  • 2-cyclohexylamino-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine; [0287]
  • 2-(2-methylcyclohexylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino)pyridine; [0288]
  • 2-(2-methylcyclohexylamino)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0289]
  • 2-(2-methylphenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0290]
  • 2-(2-methylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine; [0291]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; and [0292]
  • 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenyl aminocarbonyl)pyridine. [0293]
  • Compounds of the invention can also be shown to inhibit LPS-induced release of IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 from monocytes by measuring concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 by methods well known to those skilled in the art. In a similar manner to the above described assay involving the LPS induced release of TNF-α from monocytes, compounds of this invention can also be shown to inhibit LPS induced release of IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 from monocytes by measuring concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and/or IL-8 by methods well known to those skilled in the art. Thus, the compounds of the invention may lower elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 levels. Reducing elevated levels of these inflammatory cytokines to basal levels or below is favorable in controlling, slowing progression, and alleviating many disease states. All of the compounds are useful in the methods of treating disease states in which TNF-A, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 play a role to the full extent of the definition of TNF-α-mediated diseases described herein. [0294]
  • Inhibition of LPS-Induced TNF-α production in mice [0295]
  • Male DBA/1LACJ mice are dosed with vehicle or test compounds in a vehicle (the vehicle consisting of 0.5% tragacanth in 0.03 N HCl) 30 minutes prior to lipopolysaccharide (2 mg/kg, I.V.) injection. Ninety minutes after LPS injection, blood are collected and the serum is analyzed by ELISA for TNF levels. [0296]
  • Selected compounds from the class have shown in vivo activity in a LPS mouse model in which serum levels of TNF-α were reduced in the presence of compounds of this invention. [0297]
  • Compounds of the invention may be shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in animal models of inflammation, including carageenan paw edema, collagen induced arthritis and adjuvant arthritis, such as the carageenan paw edema model (C. A. Winter et al Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. (1962) vol 111, p 544; K. F. Swingle, in R. A. Scherrer and M. W. Whitehouse, Eds., Antiinflammatory Agents, Chemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 13-II, Academic, New York, 1974, p. 33) and collagen induced arthritis (D. E. Trentham et al J. Exp. Med. (1977) vol. 146, p 857; J. S. Courtenay, Nature (New Biol.) (1980), Vol 283, p 666). [0298]
  • [0299] 125I-Glucagon Binding Screen with CHO/hGLUR Cells
  • The assay is described in WO 97/16442, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [0300]
  • Reagents [0301]
  • The reagents can be prepared as follows: (a) prepare fresh 1M o-Phenanthroline (Aldrich) (198.2 mg/ml ethanol); (b) prepare fresh 0.5M DTT (Sigma); (c) Protease Inhibitor Mix (1000×): 5 mg leupeptin, 10 mg benzamidine, 40 mg bacitracin and 5 mg soybean trypsin inhibitor per ml DMSO and store aliquots at −20° C.; (d) 250 μm human glucagon (Peninsula): solubilize 0.5 mg vial in 575 μl 0.1N acetic acid (1 μl yields 1 μM final concentration in assay for non-specific binding) and store in aliquots at −20° C.; (e) Assay Buffer: 20 mM Tris (pH 7.8), 1 mM DTT and 3 mM o-phenanthroline; (f) Assay Buffer with 0.1% BSA (for dilution of label only; 0.01% final in assay): 10 μl 10% BSA (heat-inactivated) and 990 μl Assay Buffer; (g) [0302] 125I-Glucagon (NEN, receptor-grade, 2200 Ci/mmol): dilute to 50,000 cpm/25 μl in assay buffer with BSA (about 50 pM final concentration in assay).
  • Harvesting of CHO/hGLUR Cells for Assay [0303]
  • 1. Remove media from confluent flask then rinse once each with PBS (Ca, Mg-free) and Enzyme-free Dissociation Fluid (Specialty Media, Inc.). [0304]
  • 2. Add 10 ml Enzyme-free Dissoc. Fluid and hold for about 4 min. at 37° C. [0305]
  • 3. Gently tap cells free, triturate, take aliquot for counting and centrifuge remainder for 5 min. at 1000 rpm. [0306]
  • 4. Resuspend pellet in Assay Buffer at 75000 cells per 100 μl. [0307]
  • Membrane preparations of CHO/hGLUR cells can be used in place of whole cells at the same assay volume. Final protein concentration of a membrane preparation is determined on a per batch basis. [0308]
  • Assay [0309]
  • The determination of inhibition of glucagon binding can be carried out by measuring the reduction of I[0310] 125-glucagon binding in the presence of compounds of Formula I. The reagents are combined in 120 μL of assay buffer as follows:
    Compound/ 250 μM 125I- CHO/hGLUR
    Vehicle Glucagon Glucagon Cells
    Total —/5 μl 25 μl 100 μl
    Binding
    + 5 μl/— 25 μl 100 μl
    Compound
    Nonspecific —/5 μl 1 μl 25 μl 100 μl
    Binding
  • The mixture is incubated for 60 min. at 22° C. on a shaker at 275 rpm. The mixture is filtered over pre-soaked (0.5% polyethylimine (PEI)) GF/C filtermat using an Innotech Harvester or Tomtec Harvester with four washes of ice-cold 20 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.8). The radioactivity in the filters is determined by a gamma-scintillation counter. [0311]
  • Thus, compounds of the invention may also be shown to inhibit the binding of glucagon to glucagon receptors. [0312]
  • Cyclooxygenase Enzyme Activity Assay [0313]
  • The human monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1, differentiated by exposure to phorbol esters expresses only COX-1; the human osteosarcoma cell line 143B expresses predominantly COX-2. THP-1 cells are routinely cultured in RPMI complete media supplemented with 10% FBS and human osteosarcoma cells (HOSC) are cultured in minimal essential media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (MEM-10%FBS); all cell incubations are at 37° C. in a humidified environment containing 5% CO[0314] 2.
  • COX-1 Assay [0315]
  • In preparation for the COX-1 assay, THP-1 cells are grown to confluency, split 1:3 into RPMI containing 2% FBS and 10 mM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), and incubated for 48 hours on a shaker to prevent attachment. Cells are pelleted and resuspended in Hank's Buffered Saline (HBS) at a concentration of 2.5×10[0316] 6 cells/mL and plated in 96-well culture plates at a density of 5×105 cells/mL. Test compounds are diluted in HBS and added to the desired final concentration and the cells are incubated for an additional 4 hours. Arachidonic acid is added to a final concentration of 30 mM, the cells incubated for 20 minutes at 37° C., and enzyme activity determined as described below.
  • COX-2 Assay [0317]
  • For the COX-2 assay, subconfluent HOSC are trypsinized and resuspended at 3×10[0318] 6 cells/mL in MEM-FBS containing 1 ng human IL-1b/mL, plated in 96-well tissue culture plates at a density of 3×104 cells per well, incubated on a shaker for 1 hour to evenly distribute cells, followed by an additional 2 hour static incubation to allow attachment. The media is then replaced with MEM containing 2% FBS (MEM-2%FBS) and 1 ng human IL-1b/mL, and the cells incubated for 18-22 hours. Following replacement of media with 190 mL MEM, 10 mL of test compound diluted in HBS is added to achieve the desired concentration and the cells incubated for 4 hours. The supernatants are removed and replaced with MEM containing 30 mM arachidonic acid, the cells incubated for 20 minutes at 37° C., and enzyme activity determined as described below.
  • COX Activity Determined [0319]
  • After incubation with arachidonic acid, the reactions are stopped by the addition of 1 N HCl, followed by neutralization with 1 N NaOH and centrifugation to pellet cell debris. Cyclooxygenase enzyme activity in both HOSC and THP-1 cell supernatants is determined by measuring the concentration of PGE[0320] 2 using a commercially available ELISA (Neogen #404110). A standard curve of PGE2 is used for calibration, and commercially available COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors are included as standard controls.
  • The following compound exhibits activities in the Cyclooxygenase assay with IC[0321] 50 values of 10 μM or less: 2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine.
  • Raf Kinase assay [0322]
  • In vitro Raf kinase activity is measured by the extent of phosphorylation of the substrate MEK (Map kinase/ERK kinase) by activated Raf kinase. Phosphorylated MEK is trapped on a filter and incorporation of radiolabeled phosphate is quantified by scintillation counting. [0323]
  • MATERIALS: [0324]
  • Activated Raf is produced by triple transfection of Sf9 cells with baculoviruses expressing “Glu-Glu”-epitope tagged Raf,val[0325] 12-H-Ras, and Lck. The “Glu-Glu”-epitope, Glu-Try-Met-Pro-Met-Glu, was fused to the carboxy-terminus of full length c-Raf.
  • Catalytically inactive MEK (K97A mutation) is produced in Sf9 cells transfected with a baculovirus expressing c-terminus “Glu-Glu” epitope-tagged K97A MEK1. [0326]
  • Anti “Glu-Glu” antibody was purified from cells grown as described in: Grussenmeyer, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A. pp 7952-7954, 1985. [0327]
  • Column buffer: 20 mM Tris pH=8, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 2.5 mM EGTA, 10 mM MgCl[0328] 2, 2 mM DTT, 0.4 mM AEBSF, 0.1% n-octylglucopyranoside, 1 nM okadeic acid, and 10 μg/mL each of benzamidine, leupeptin, pepstatin, and aprotinin.
  • 5× Reaction buffer: 125 mM HEPES pH=:8, 25 mM MgCl[0329] 2, 5 mM EDTA, 5 mM Na3VO4, 100 μg/mL BSA.
  • Enzyme dilution buffer: 25 mM HEPES pH=8, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM Na[0330] 3VO4, 400 μg/mL BSA.
  • Stop solution: 100 mM EDTA, 80 mM sodium pyrophosphate. [0331]
  • Filter plates: Milipore multiscreen # SE3MO78E3, Immobilon-P (PVDF). [0332]
  • METHODS: [0333]
  • Protein purification: Sf9 cells were infected with baculovirus and grown as described in Williams, et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S.A. pp 2922-2926, 1992. All subsequent steps were preformed on ice or at 4° C. Cells were pelleted and lysed by sonication in column buffer. Lysates were spun at 17,000×g for 20 min, followed by 0.22 μM filtration. Epitope tagged proteins were purified by chromatography over GammaBind Plus affinity column to which the “Glu-Glu” antibody was coupled. Proteins were loaded on the column followed by sequential washes with two column volumes of column buffer, and eluted with 50 μg/mL Glu-Tyr-Met-Pro-Met-Glu in column buffer. [0334]
  • Raf kinase assay: Test compounds were evaluated using ten 3-fold serial dilutions starting at 10-100 μM. 10 μL of the test inhibitor or control, dissolved in 10% DMSO, was added to the assay plate followed by the addition of 30 μL of the a mixture containing 10 μL 5× reaction buffer, 1 mM [0335] 33P-γ-ATP (20 μCi/mL), 0.5 μL MEK (2.5 mg/mL), 1 μL 50 mM β-mercaptoethanol. The reaction was started by the addition of 10 μL of enzyme dilution buffer containing 1 mM DTT and an amount of activated Raf that produces linear kinetics over the reaction time course. The reaction was mixed and incubated at room temperature for 90 min. and stopped by the addition of 50 μL stop solution. 90 μL aliquots of this stopped solution were transferred onto GFP-30 cellulose microtiter filter plates (Polyfiltronics), the filter plates washed in four well volumes of 5% phosphoric acid, allowed to dry, and then replenished with 25 μl scintillation cocktail. The plates were counted for 33P gamma emission using a TopCount Scintillation Reader.
  • Accordingly, the compounds of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition thereof are useful for prophylaxis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; Pagets disease; osteophorosis; multiple myeloma; uveititis; acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia; pancreatic β cell destruction; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; allergic rhinitis; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; contact dermatitis; asthma; muscle degeneration; cachexiel; Reiter's syndrome; type I and type II diabetes; bone resorption diseases; graft vs. host reaction; ischemia reperfusion injury; atherosclerosis; brain trauma; Alzheimer's disease; stroke; myocardial infarction; multiple sclerosis; cerebral malaria; sepsis; septic shock; toxic shock syndrome; fever, and myalgias due to infection. HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses (including HSV-1, HSV-2), and herpes zoster, all of which are sensitive to TNF-α and/or IL-1 inhibition or glucagon antagonism, will also be positively effected by the compounds and methods of the invention. [0336]
  • The compounds of the present invention may also possess oncolytic characteristics and may be useful for the treatment of cancer. The compounds of the present invention may also block signal transduction by extracellular mitogenic stimuli and oncoproteins through inhibition of Raf kinase. [0337]
  • The compounds of the present invention also may possess analgesic properties and may be useful for the treatment of pain disorders, such as hyperalgesia due to excessive IL-1. The compounds of the present invention may also prevent the production of prostaglandins by inhibition of enzymes in the human arachidonic acid/prostaglandin pathway, including cyclooxygenase (WO 96/03387, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). [0338]
  • Because of their ability to lower TNF-α and IL-1 concentrations or inhibit glucagon binding to its receptor, the compounds of the invention are also useful research tools for studying the physiology associated with blocking these effects. [0339]
  • The methods of the invention comprise administering an effective dose of a compound of the invention, a pharmaceutical salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of either, to a subject i.e., an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human) in need of a reduction in the level of TNF-α, II,-1, IL-6, and/or IL-8 levels and/or reduction in plasma glucose levels and/or which subject may be suffering from rheumatoid arthritis; Pagets disease; osteophorosis; multiple myeloma; uveititis; acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia; pancreatic β cell destruction; osteoarthritis; rheumatoid spondylitis; gouty arthritis; inflammatory bowel disease; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); psoriasis; Crohn's disease; allergic rhinitis; ulcerative colitis; anaphylaxis; contact dermatitis; asthma; muscle degeneration; cachexia; Reiter's syndrome; type I and type II diabetes; cancer; bone resorption diseases; graft vs. host reaction; Alzheimer's disease; stroke; myocardial infarction; ischemia reperfusion injury; atherosclerosis; brain trauma; multiple sclerosis; cerebral malaria; sepsis; septic shock; toxic shock syndrome; fever, and myalgias due to infection, or which subject is infected by HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses (including HSV-1, HSV-2), or herpes zoster. [0340]
  • In another aspect, this invention comprises the use of a compound of the invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment either acutely or chronically of a TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and/or IL-8 mediated disease state, including those described previously. The compounds of the present are also useful in the manufacture of an anti-cancer medicant. The compounds of the present invention are also useful in the manufacture of a medicant to attenuate or prevent signal transduction by extracellular mitogenic stimuli and oncoproteins through inhibition of Raf kinase. Also, the compounds of this invention are useful in the manufacture of a analgesic medicament and a medicament for treating pain disorders, such as hyperalgesia. The compounds of the present invention also are useful in the manufacture of a medicament to prevent the production of prostaglandins by inhibition of enzymes in the human arachidonic acid/prostaglandin pathway. [0341]
  • In still another aspect, this invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and/or IL-8 lowering amount and/or effective plasma glucose level lowering amount, and/or effective tumor supressing amount of a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent, and if desired other active ingredients. The compounds of the invention are administered by any suitable route, preferably in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended. Therapeutically effective doses of the compounds of the present invention required to arrest the progress or prevent tissue damage associated with the disease are readily ascertained by one of ordinary skill in the art using standard methods. [0342]
  • For the treatment of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 mediated diseases, cancer, and/or hyperglycemia, the compounds of the present invention may be administered orally, parentally, by inhalation spray, rectally, or topically in dosage unit formulations containing conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles. The term parenteral as used herein includes, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal, infusion techniques or intraperitoneally. [0343]
  • The dosage regimen for treating a TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 mediated diseases, cancer, and/or hyperglycemia with the compounds of this invention and/or compositions of this invention is based on a variety of factors, including the type of disease, the age, weight, sex, medical condition of the patient, the severity of the condition, the route of administration, and the particular compound employed. Thus, the dosage regimen may vary widely, but can be determined routinely using standard methods. Dosage levels of the order from about 0.01 mg to 30 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, preferably from about 0.1 mg to 10 mg/kg, more preferably from about 0.25 mg to 1 mg/kg are useful for all methods of use disclosed herein. [0344]
  • The pharmaceutically active compounds of this invention can be processed in accordance with conventional methods of pharmacy to produce medicinal agents for administration to patients, including humans and other mammals. [0345]
  • For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of, for example, a capsule, a tablet, a suspension, or Liquid. The pharmaceutical composition is preferably made in the form of a dosage unit containing a given amount of the active ingredient. For example, these may contain an amount of active ingredient from about 1 to 2000 mg, preferably from about 1 to 500 mg, more preferably from about 5 to 150 mg. A suitable daily dose for a human or other mammal may vary widely depending on the condition of the patient and other factors, but, once again, can be determined using routine methods. [0346]
  • The active ingredient may also be administered by injection as a composition with suitable carriers including saline, dextrose, or water. The daily parenteral dosage regimen will be from about 0.1 to about 30 mg/kg of total body weight, preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 0.25 mg to 1 mg/kg. [0347]
  • Injectable preparations, such as sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions, may be formulated according to the known are using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables. [0348]
  • Suppositories for rectal administration of the drug can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient such as cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols that are solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum and release the drug. [0349]
  • A suitable topical dose of active ingredient of a compound of the invention is 0.1 mg to 150 mg administered one to four, preferably one or two times daily. For topical administration, the active ingredient may comprise from 0.001% to 10% w/w, e.g., from 1% to 2% by weight of the formulation, although it may comprise as much as 10% w/w, but preferably not more than 5% w/w, and more preferably from 0.1% to 1% of the formulation. [0350]
  • Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid or semi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin (e.g., liniments, lotions, ointments, creams, or pastes) and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear, or nose. [0351]
  • For administration, the compounds of this invention are ordinarily combined with one or more adjuvants appropriate for the indicated route of administration. The compounds may be admixed with lactose, sucrose, starch powder, cellulose esters of alkanoic acids, stearic acid, talc, magnesium stearate, magnesium oxide, sodium and calcium salts of phosphoric and sulphuric acids, acacia, gelatin, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidine, and/or polyvinyl alcohol, and tableted or encapsulated for conventional administration. Alternatively, the compounds of this invention may be dissolved in saline, water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, tragacanth gum, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well known in the pharmaceutical art. The carrier or diluent may include time delay material, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax, or other materials well known in the art. [0352]
  • The pharmaceutical compositions may be made up in a solid form (including granules, powders or suppositories) or in a liquid form (e.g., solutions, suspensions, or emulsions). The pharmaceutical compositions may be subjected to conventional pharmaceutical operations such as sterilization and/or may contain conventional adjuvants, such as preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, buffers etc. [0353]
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration may include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, as in normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. Tablets and pills can additionally be prepared with enteric coatings. [0354]
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration may include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as water. Such compositions may also comprise adjuvants, such as wetting, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents. [0355]
  • Compounds of the present invention can possess one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and are thus capable of existing in the form of optical isomers as well as in the form of racemic or non-racemic mixtures thereof. The optical isomers can be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixtures according to conventional processes, e.g., by formation of diastereoisomeric salts, by treatment with an optically active acid or base. Examples of appropriate acids are tartaric, diacetyltartaric, dibenzoyltartaric, ditoluoyltartaric, and camphorsulfonic acid and then separation of the mixture of diastereoisomers by crystallization followed by liberation of the optically active bases from these salts. A different process for separation of optical isomers involves the use of a chiral chromatography column optimally chosen to maximize the separation of the enantiomers. Still another available method involves synthesis of covalent diastereoisomeric molecules by reacting compounds of the invention with an optically pure acid in an activated form or an optically pure isocyanate. The synthesized diastereoisomers can be separated by conventional means such as chromatography, distillation, crystallization or sublimation, and then hydrolyzed to deliver the enantiomerically pure compound. The optically active compounds of the invention can likewise be obtained by using active starting materials. These isomers may be in the form of a free acid, a free base, an ester or a salt. [0356]
  • The compounds of the present invention can be used in the form of salts derived from inorganic or organic acids. The salts include, but are not limited to, the following: acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, cyclopentanepropionate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hyroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methansulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, oxalate, palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 2-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, mesylate, and undecanoate. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides, and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained. [0357]
  • Examples of acids that may be employed to from pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include such inorganic acids as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid and such organic acids as oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid and citric acid. Other examples include salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium or with organic bases. [0358]
  • While the compounds of the invention can be administered as the sole active pharmaceutical agent, they can also be used in combination with one or more compounds of the invention or other agents. When administered as a combination, the therapeutic agents can be formulated as separate compositions that are given at the same time or different times, or the therapeutic agents can be given as a single composition. [0359]
  • The foregoing is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the disclosed compounds. Variations and changes which are obvious to one skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope and nature of the invention which are defined in the appended claims. [0360]
  • From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. [0361]

Claims (24)

What is claimed is:
1. A compound of the formula
Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00034
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
X is O, S, S(O), S(O)2 or NR2;
Y is —C(O)—NR3R4 or —NR4—C(O)—R3;
R1 is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Zor R18—Z18-alkyl; provided that the total number of aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl radicals in R1 is 1-3; and provided when Y is —NR4—C(O)— R3 and X is O or S, R1 is other than a 2-pyrimidinyl radical;
R2 is a hydrogen or alkyl radical;
R3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—Z19— or R19—Z19-alkyl; provided that the total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R3 is 1-3; and provided when Y is —C(O)—NR3R4, R3 is other than a phenyl or naphthyl having an amino, nitro, cyano, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl substituent bonded to the ring carbon atom adjacent to the ring carbon atom bonded to —NR4—; and
R4 is a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl or R20—Z20-alkyl radical;
wherein R18, R19 and R20 are each independently a hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals of R4, R18, R19 and R20 are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, alkyl, haloalkyl or haloalkoxy; and
Z18, Z19 and Z20 are each independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —C(O)—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—; wherein each R21 is independently a hydrogen or alkyl radical;
R5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, aminosulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, thiol, alkylthiol, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl or dialkylaminocarbonyl radical; and
R7 is a hydrogen, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, aminosulfonyl, alkylaminosulfonyl, dialkylaminosulfonyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, thiol, alkylthiol, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl or dialkylaminocarbonyl radical.
2. The compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R1 is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18—C1-C6 alkyl; provided that the total number of aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl radicals in R1 is 1-3; and provided when Y is —NR4—C(O)—R3 and X is O or S, R1 is other than a 2-pyrimidinyl radical;
R2 is a hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl radical;
R3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—Z19— or R19—Z19—C1-C6 alkyl; provided that the total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R3 is 1-3; and provided when Y is —C(O)—NR3R4, R3 is other than a phenyl or naphthyl having an amino, nitro, cyano, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl substituent bonded to the ring carbon atom adjacent to the ring carbon atom bonded to —NR4—; and
R4 is a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C1-C6 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C2-C6 haloalkenyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl or R20—Z20—C1-C6 alkyl radical; and
wherein R18, R19 and R20 are each independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals of R4, R18, R19 and R20 are optionally substituted by 1-3 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-c5 alkanoylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonylamino, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, cyano, halo, azido, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals or C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals; and
each R21 is independently a hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl radical;
R5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals, C1-C4 aminoalkyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)amino-C1-C4 alkyl, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino-C1-C4 alkyl, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, C1-C4 alkylsulfonylamino, aminosulfonyl, C1-C4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminosulfonyl, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, thiol, C1-C4 alkylthiol, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical; and
R7 is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, C1-C4 haloalkoxy of 1-3 halo radicals, C1-C4 aminoalkyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)amino-C1-C4 alkyl, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino-C1-C4 alkyl, aminosulfonyl, C1-C4 alkylaminosulfonyl, di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminosulfonyl, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, thiol, C1-C4 alkylthiol, C1-C4 alkylsulfinyl, C1-C4 alkylsulfonyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)C1-C4 alkyl, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical; and
wherein cycloalkyl is a monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic carbocyclic alkyl radical of 5-12 ring members, which is optionally partially unsaturated, benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; aryl is a phenyl or biphenyl radical which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; heterocyclyl is a radical of a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated heterocyclic ring system having 5-8 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally partially unsaturated or benzo-fused and optionally substituted by 1-2 oxo or thioxo radicals; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally benzo-fused or saturated C3-C4-carbocyclic-fused.
3. The compound of claim 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —NR4—C(O)—R3.
4. The compound of claim 3 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
X is 0 or NR2;
R1 is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of C1-C4 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18—C1-C4 alkyl; provided that the total number of aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl radicals in R1 is 1-2;
wherein each R18 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, azido, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
R2 is a hydrogen or C1-C2 alkyl radical;
R3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—Z19— or R19—Z19—C1-C4 alkyl; provided that the total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R3 is 1-2; and
wherein each R19 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
R4 is a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl or R20—Z20—C2-C4 alkyl radical; and
wherein R20 is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals of R4 and R20 are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
Z20 is —O— or —NR21—; wherein each R21 is independently a hydrogen or methyl radical;
R5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, (CI-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C2L alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical; and
R7 is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical; and
wherein cycloalkyl is a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic alkyl radical of 5-12 ring members, which is optionally partially unsaturated, benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; aryl is a phenyl or biphenyl radical which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; heterocyclyl is a radical of a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated heterocyclic ring system having 5-8 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally partially unsaturated or benzo-fused and optionally substituted by 1-2 oxo or thioxo radicals; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally benzo-fused or saturated C3-C4-carbocyclic-fused.
5. The compound of claim 4 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R3is a radical of the formula
Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00035
wherein
U is C—R13 or N;
V and W are each independently C—R12 or N;
R11 and R13 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino or R19—Z19—; and each R12 is independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, R31—Z31— or R31—Z31—C1-C4 alkyl; provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R11, R12 and R13 is 0-1;
wherein each R19 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
each Z19 is independently —O—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —C(O)—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—;
wherein each R31 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
each Z31 is independently —O—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—;
wherein R4 is a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl or R20—Z20—C2-C4 alkyl radical;
wherein R20 is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals of R4 and R20 are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthiol, ethylthiol, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, acetylamino, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
R5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, C1-C2 alkylamino, di(C1-C2 alkyl)amino, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy radical; and
R7 is a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy radical; and
wherein cycloalkyl is a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic alkyl radical of 5-10 ring members, which is optionally partially unsaturated with one double bond, benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; aryl is a phenyl or biphenyl radical which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; heterocyclyl is a radical of a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated heterocyclic ring system having 5-8 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally partially unsaturated or benzo-fused and optionally substituted by 1-2 oxo or thioxo radicals; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally benzo-fused or saturated C3-C4-carbocyclic-fused.
6. The compound of claim 5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R1 is a radical of the formula
Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00036
wherein
R22, R23, R24, R25 and R26 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18—C1-C4 alkyl; provided at least one of R21, R22, R23, R24 and R25 is hydrogen; and provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R22, R23, R24, R25 and R26 is 0-1;
wherein each Z is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—; and
wherein aryl is a phenyl or biphenyl radical which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally benzo-fused or saturated C3-C4-carbocyclic-fused.
7. The compound of claim 6 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
X is NR2;
R2 is a hydrogen or methyl radical;
R4 is a radical of hydrogen, methyl or ethyl radical; and
R5, R6 and R7 are each independently a hydrogen radical; and
wherein aryl is a phenyl, biphenyl or naphthyl radical; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms.
8. The compound of claim 7 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R11 and R13 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—O—, R19—S(O)2—, R19—O—C(O)—, R19—C(O)—, R19—NR12—C(O)— or R19—NR21—S(O)2—; and each R12 is independently a radical of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, aminocarbonyl, methylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, aminomethyl, (methylamino)methyl or (dimethylamino)methyl; provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R11, R12 and R13 is 0-1; and
wherein each R19 is independently a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, phenylmethyl or heteroaryl-methyl radical; wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy.
9. The compound of claim 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is —C(O)—NR3R4.
10. The compound of claim 9 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
X is O or NR2;
R1 is a cycloalkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-4 radicals of C1-C4 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18—C1-C4 alkyl; provided that the total number of aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl radicals in R1 is 1-2;
wherein each R18 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, azido, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
each Z18 is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —C(O)—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—; wherein each R21 is independently a hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl radical;
R2 is a hydrogen or C1-C2 alkyl radical;
R3 is an aryl or heteroaryl radical which is optionally substituted by 1-5 radicals of C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—Z19— or R19—Z19—C1-C4 alkyl; provided that the total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R3 is 1-2; and provided R is other than a phenyl or naphthyl having an amino, nitro, cyano, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl substituent bonded to the ring carbon atom adjacent to the ring carbon atom bonded to —NR4—; and
wherein each R19 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
R4 is a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl or R20—Z20—C2-C4 alkyl radical; and
wherein R20 is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals of R4 and R20 are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthiol, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, acetylamino, halo, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
Z20 is —O— or —NR21—; wherein each R21 is independently a hydrogen or methyl radical;
R5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, C1-C4 alkylamino, di(C1-C4 alkyl)amino, C1-C5 alkanoylamino, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, cyano, azido, nitro, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical; and
R7 is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, carboxy, (C1-C4 alkoxy)carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, (C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl or di(C1-C4 alkyl)aminocarbonyl radical; and
wherein cycloalkyl is a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic alkyl radical of 5-12 ring members, which is optionally partially unsaturated, benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; aryl is a phenyl or biphenyl radical which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; heterocyclyl is a radical of a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated heterocyclic ring system having 5-8 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally partially unsaturated or benzo-fused and optionally substituted by 1-2 oxo or thioxo radicals; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally benzo-fused or saturated C3-C4-carbocyclic-fused.
11. The compound of claim 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R3 is a radical of the formula
Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00037
wherein
U is C—R13 or N;
V and W are each independently C—R12 or N;
R11 and R13 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino or R19—Z19—; and each R12 is independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, halo, C1-C4 haloalkyl of 1-3 halo radicals, R31—Z31— or R31—Z31—C1-C4 alkyl; provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R11, R12 and R13 is 0-1; provided when U is C—R13 and V and W are each C—R12, R11 and R13 are each other than a nitro, cyano, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl radical;
wherein each R19 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
each Z19 is independently —O—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —C(O)—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—;
wherein each R21 is independently a hydrogen or methyl radical;
wherein each R31 is independently a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, trifluoromethyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
each Z31 is independently —O—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—;
R4 is a radical of hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C4 alkyl, heteroaryl-C1-C4 alkyl or R20—Z20—C2-C4 alkyl radical; and
wherein R° is a hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C1-C2 alkyl or heteroaryl-C1-C2 alkyl radical; wherein the aryl and heteroaryl radicals of R4 and R20 are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methylthiol, ethylthiol, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, acetylamino, halo, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy; and
R5 and R6 are each independently a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, amino, C1-C2 alkylamino, di(C1-C2 alkyl)amino, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy radical; and
R7 is a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, hydroxy, methoxy or ethoxy radical; and
wherein cycloalkyl is a monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic alkyl radical of 5-10 ring members, which is optionally partially unsaturated with one double bond, benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; aryl is a phenyl or biphenyl radical which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; heterocyclyl is a radical of a monocyclic or bicyclic saturated heterocyclic ring system having 5-8 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally partially unsaturated or benzo-fused and optionally substituted by 1-2 oxo or thioxo radicals; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally benzo-fused or saturated C3-C4-carbocyclic-fused.
12. The compound of claim 11 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R1 is a radical of the formula
Figure US20020035094A1-20020321-C00038
wherein
R22, R23 , R 24, R25 and R26 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R18—Z18— or R18—Z18—C1-C4 alkyl; provided at least one of R21, R22,R23, R24 and R25 is hydrogen; and provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R22, R23, R24, R25 and R26 is 0-1;
each Z18 is independently —O—, —S—, —S(O)2—, —CO2—, —NR21—, —NR21—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR21—, —NR21—S(O)2— or —S(O)2—NR21—; and
wherein aryl is a phenyl or biphenyl radical which is optionally benzo fused or heterocyclo fused; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms, which is optionally benzo-fused or saturated C3-C4-carbocyclic-fused.
13. The compound of claim 12 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
X is NR2;
R2 is a hydrogen or methyl radical;
R4 is a radical of hydrogen, methyl or ethyl radical; and
R5, R6 and R7 are each independently EL hydrogen radical; and
wherein aryl is a phenyl, biphenyl or naphthyl radical; and heteroaryl is a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring system having 5-6 ring members per ring, wherein 1-3 ring members are oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen heteroatoms.
14. The compound of claim 13 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
R11 and R13 are each independently a radical of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, azido, nitro, amidino, R19—O—, R19—S(O)2—, R19—O—C(O)—, R19—C(O)—, R19—NR21—C(O)— or R19—NR21—S(O)2—; provided when U is C—R13 and V and W are each C—R12, R11 and R13 are each other than a nitro, cyano, carboxy or alkoxycarbonyl radical; and provided that the combined total number of aryl and heteroaryl radicals in R11 and R13 is 0-1;
each R12 is independently a radical of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, aminocarbonyl, methylaminocarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, aminomethyl, (methylamino)methyl or (dimethylamino)methyl; and
wherein each R19 is independently a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, phenylmethyl or heteroaryl-methyl radical; wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl radicals are optionally substituted by 1-2 radicals of hydroxy, methoxy, ethoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetylamino, cyano, fluoro, chloro, methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl or trifluoromethoxy.
15. The compound of claim 1 which is:
2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonylamino)pyridine;
2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino)pyridine;
2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-cyclohexyloxy-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl carbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl carbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl carbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2-methylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-fluorophenoxy)-5-(2-fluorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenoxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(1-naphthyloxy)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-3-pyridyloxy)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy)-5-((3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)carbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylthiol)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylthiol)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-cyclohexylamino-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-cyclohexylamino-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonylamino) pyridine;
2-(2-methylcyclohexylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methylcyclohexylamino)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2-fluorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2-chlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methylphenylamino)-5-(2-methylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dichlorophenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2,4-dimethylphenylamino)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbonyl amino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2,-methylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine;
2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2,6-dimethylphenyl carbonylamino)pyridine; or 2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(2:-methylphenyl aminocarbonyl)pyridine.
16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
17. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of inflammation comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
18. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of inflammation comprising administering an effective amount of a composition of claim 16.
19. A method of treating cancer which comprises administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
20. A method of treating cancer which comprises administering an effective amount of a composition of claim 16.
21. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Pagets disease, osteophorosis, multiple myeloma, uveititis, acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia, pancreatic β cell destruction, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, gouty arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, allergic rhinitis, ulcerative colitis, anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, asthma, muscle degeneration, cachexia, Reiter's syndrome, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, bone resorption diseases, graft vs. host reaction, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, brain trauma, multiple sclerosis, cerebral malaria, sepsis, septic shock, toxic shock syndrome, fever, myalgias due to HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses or herpes zoster infection in a mammal comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
22. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Pagets disease, osteophorosis, multiple myeloma, uveititis, acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia, pancreatic β cell destruction, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, gouty arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), psoriasis, Crohn's disease, allergic rhinitis, ulcerative colitis, anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, asthma, muscle degeneration, cachexial, Reiter's syndrome, type I diabetes, type II diabetes, cancer, bone resorption diseases, graft vs. host reaction, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemia reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, brain trauma, multiple sclerosis, cerebral malaria, sepsis, septic shock, toxic shock syndrome, fever, myalgias due to HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV-3, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the herpes viruses or herpes zoster infection in a mammal comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 16.
23. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of pain comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
24. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of pain comprising administering an effective amount of a composition of claim 16.
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