US20020005309A1 - Electrically integrated scooter with dual suspension and stowage mechanism - Google Patents
Electrically integrated scooter with dual suspension and stowage mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- US20020005309A1 US20020005309A1 US09/946,279 US94627901A US2002005309A1 US 20020005309 A1 US20020005309 A1 US 20020005309A1 US 94627901 A US94627901 A US 94627901A US 2002005309 A1 US2002005309 A1 US 2002005309A1
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- scooter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
- B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
- B62M6/45—Control or actuating devices therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K3/00—Bicycles
- B62K3/002—Bicycles without a seat, i.e. the rider operating the vehicle in a standing position, e.g. non-motorized scooters; non-motorized scooters with skis or runners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
- B62M6/40—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor
- B62M6/75—Rider propelled cycles with auxiliary electric motor power-driven by friction rollers or gears engaging the ground wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K2204/00—Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor
Abstract
The present invention is an electric scooter having batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated electronics including brake control, throttle control, safety measures and theft protection. The dual suspension scooter includes a chassis; a steering column; a front wheel rotatably mounted on a front axle assembly; a rear wheel rotatably mounted on a rear axle assembly; a front cantilevered suspension mechanism mounted between the steering column and the front axle assembly; and a rear suspension mechanism mounted between the rear end of the chassis and the rear axle assembly.
Description
- The present invention relates to an electrically integrated scooter with a dual suspension and a stowage mechanism, more particularly, an electric scooter is disclosed having batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated brake and throttle control, and an anti-theft key.
- Electric scooters are known in the art. One particular example is set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,775,452 entitled Electric Scooter and assigned to the assignee herein. Although electric scooters are known, none have or suggest the improved electronic features of the present invention such as batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated electronics including brake control, throttle control, safety measures and theft protection.
- Also, scooters for supporting a standing rider have utilized both pneumatic and non-pneumatic tires. The non-pneumatic tires are typically solid rubber and thus have the advantage of being hard and durable which results in tires that have a very long life, do not get flats and can have friction brakes applied directly to the tire side wall. Also, non-pneumatic tires can be made with a small diameter which allows for compact design and a large standing platform. Unfortunately, due to the hardness of the tire, non-pneumatic tires have a very rough ride. For this reason, many scooters utilize pneumatic tires, which provide a much smoother ride due to the air inside the tire. However, pneumatic tires must have a larger diameter than non-pneumatic tires in order to allow inflation and flexibility of the tire. Thus, standing scooters constructed with pneumatic tires are not as compact and have smaller standing platforms than their non-pneumatic counterparts. The present invention provides a solution to this problem that provides the benefits of non-pneumatic tires without the known drawbacks.
- The present invention is an electric scooter having batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated electronics including brake control, throttle control, safety measures and theft protection.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a dual suspension scooter.
- Another object of the to provide a multi-feature electric scooter where the structures which provide each function are complimentary and do not interfere with each other.
- A further object of the invention is to provide a cost effective scooter with a variety of novel features.
- It is also an object of the invention to provide an electric scooter with safety features for preventing unwanted or untimely acceleration of the scooter.
- Another object of the to provide an electric scooter that is reliable and simple in construction.
- Also, an object of the invention is to provide a scooter that is readily and easy stored in a portable manner.
- Additionally, it is an object of the present invention to provide a scooter that has the benefits of non-pneumatic tires without the known drawbacks.
- The present invention is an electric scooter having batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated electronics including brake control, throttle control, safety measures and theft protection.
- The integrated electronic control includes a throttle lever, wherein movement of the throttle lever is indicative of desired acceleration of the electric scooter; a brake lever; a brake sensor proximate to the brake lever, wherein the brake sensor senses the position of the brake lever; a throttle control circuit coupled between the throttle lever and the electric motor and coupled to the brake sensor, wherein the throttle control circuit controls the acceleration of the electric scooter by the electric motor based upon movement of the throttle lever and is disabled when the brake sensor senses that the brake lever is in a braking position; and an electronic brake control coupled between the brake sensor and the motor, wherein the electronic brake control causes the electric motor to act as an electric brake when the brake sensor senses that the brake lever is in a braking position.
- The portable and stowable aspect of the scooter includes a chassis; a jointed steering column rotatably mounted on the front end of the chassis, where the jointed steering column folds from an upright in use position to a folded stowed position; a handle bar mounted at one end of the steering column; a front wheel rotatably mounted on another end of the steering column; a rear wheel rotatably mounted on the rear end of the scooter chassis; and a stowage hook mounted on the motor where the handlebar engages the stowage hook when the jointed steering column is in the folded stowed position.
- The dual suspension scooter includes a chassis; a steering column; a front wheel rotatably mounted on a front axle assembly; a rear wheel rotatably mounted on a rear axle assembly; a front cantilevered suspension mechanism mounted between the steering column and the front axle assembly; and a rear cantilevered suspension mechanism mounted between the rear end of the chassis and the rear axle assembly.
- Alternately, a fuel cell may be mounted on the chassis wherein the fuel cell provides an electric charge for accelerating the electric motor and a platform for supporting the rider of the scooter.
- The present invention has other objects and advantages which are set forth in the description of the Description of the Preferred Embodiments. The features and advantages described in the specification, however, are not all inclusive, and particularly, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims herein.
- FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of the electric scooter of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the electric scooter of the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is an enlarged exploded view of the top of steering column, steering handle and the key switch shown in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the electric scooter of the present invention in the stowed and carry position.
- FIG. 3A is an enlarged side perspective view of the motor and stowage mechanism shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the battery pan and its contents with the riding platform removed.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged, perspective view of the throttle sensor and flag of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the motor control circuit of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the integrated electronic control of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are side views of the front suspension mechanism of the present invention in the uncompressed normal riding position and the compressed position, respectively.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are side views of the rear suspension mechanism of the present invention in the uncompressed normal riding position and the compressed position, respectively.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
- The present invention is an electric scooter having batteries concealed below the standing platform in a multipurpose battery pan, an anti-lock brake, a dual suspension, a stow and carry feature, integrated electronics including brake control, throttle control, safety measures and theft protection.
- Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2,
electric scooter 10 is illustrated for supporting a rider onplatform 12.Scooter 10 includeschassis 14 with frontsuspension wheel mount 16 and rearsuspension wheel mount 18 for rotatably mountingfront wheel 20 andrear wheel 22, respectively, tochassis 14. As better shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 9,rear wheel 22 is mounted toangular chassis extension 14 a, which is a cantilevered fromchassis 14, by rearsuspension wheel mount 18. Chassis may also be constructed in the manner specified in co-pending application 09/071,473 filed May 1, 1998 entitled All-Terrain Scooter, which is assigned to the same assignee as the present invention and incorporated herein by reference. Motor 24 is mounted to rearsuspension wheel mount 18 so that when bumps B are encountered in riding surface S it travels with and is maintained in driving engagement withrear wheel 22. Also,motor shaft 25 ofmotor 24 is maintained in contact withrear wheel 22 by the weight ofmotor 24 andbias spring 27 in a similar fashion as co-pending application Ser. No. 09/058,407 filed Apr. 9, 1998 entitled Engine Drive For Scooter, which is assigned to the same assignee as the present invention and incorporated herein by reference. Mounted onmotor 24 isstowage hook 30.Scooter 10 includessteering handle 26 mounted perpendicularly onsteering column 28 which is coupled to frontsuspension wheel mount 16 and rotatably coupled tochassis 14 in order to steerfront wheel 20. -
Throttle lever 32 andbrake lever 34 are mounted onsteering handle 26, andthrottle cable 36 andbrake cable 38 are coupled to each of these, respectively.Brake cable 38 extends downsteering column 28 and is coupled tofront friction brake 40, which is mounted on front suspension wheel mount 16 (more specifically, cantileveredsupport 160 as shown in FIG. 8), for friction braking offront wheel 20. Key 42 (shown in better detail in FIG. 2A) is mounted onsteering column 28 just belowhandle 26 facing the rider (see FIG. 2) and is coupled tokey cable 44 which extends downsteering column 28. Also,brake sensor cable 46, which is coupled tobrake lever sensor 48, extends downsteering column 28.Brake sensor cable 46 andkey cable 44 are both enclosed inconduit 45 along with a ground wire. -
Platform 12 is mounted onbattery pan 50 which is in turn mounted tochassis 14.Battery pan 50 is a single assembly for ease of construction.Fender 52 extends from the rear ofplatform 12 overrear wheel 22 to protect the rider from dirt, debris and water that may be strewn upward byrear wheel 22. -
Key 42 serves multiple functions including acting as a dead-man switch, an anti-theft device, and a power indicator. When key 42 is removed,motor 24 is disabled. Thus, key 42 may be removed in the event the rider needs to instantly disablemotor 24. Also, without key 42 in place,scooter 10 will be in operative thus deterring theft. Additionally,key switch 42 is equipped with Light Emitting Diode (LED) 54 to indicatescooter 10 is energized.LED 54 is lit when key 42 is inserted and batteries 56 (shown in FIG. 4) are charged thereby providing a warning to the rider that ifthrottle lever 32 is pulled,scooter 10 will move. -
Brake lever 34 serves multiple functions including activatingfront friction brake 40, disablingthrottle lever 32 and convertingmotor 24 into an electronic brake. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, brake lever is directly coupled tofriction brake 40 bybrake cable 38. Thus,friction brake 40 is deployed to slowscooter 10 whenbrake lever 34 is pulled. Simultaneously, this also serves to disable throttle lever 32 (so thatmotor 24 does not respond to pulling throttle lever 32) and convertsmotor 24 into an electronic brake onrear wheel 22.Brake lever sensor 48 mounted on 8brake lever 34 senses whenbrake lever 34 is pulled and sends a signal viabrake sensor cable 46 to motor control circuit 100 (shown in FIG. 4), which disablesthrottle lever 32 and converts motor 24 into an electronic brake as is explained below with respect to FIG. 6.Brake sensor 48 may be a magnetic switch, a micro switch or the like. - FIGS. 1 and 2 depict
scooter 10 in the riding position. In contrast, FIG. 3 depictsscooter 10 in the stowed position. Whencollar 57 is raised to expose joint 58,steering column 28 folds at joint 58 to allowsteering column 28 to bend approximately 90 degrees downward towardplatform 12.Handle 26 slides intostowage hook 30 to enablescooter 10 to be easily carried by steeringcolumn 28. Whenscooter 10 is folded in the stowed position, hook 30 also serves as a handle for pushing or pullingscooter 10. Holdinghook 30 so thatrear wheel 22 is off the ground enablesscooter 10 to be pushed or pulled withfront wheel 20 rolling along the ground. Sincehandle 26 is held in place byhook 30, steering column and thusfront wheel 20 are maintained in a straight, locked, unmoving position to allowscooter 10 to roll easily along the ground in a straight line. - FIG. 3A shows
motor 24 andstowage hook 30 in greater detail.Stowage hook 30 is shaped like an inverted “J” with each end mounted bybolts 60 toextensions 62 onmotor 24. - FIG. 4 shows the contents of
battery pan 50 withplatform 12 removed. As shown,throttle cable 36 and conduit 45 (housingbrake sensor cable 46 and key cable 44) pass into and extend along the length ofbattery pan 50 proximate and parallel tochassis 14 inchannel 64 which is created by the space betweenbattery pan 50,platform 12 andbatteries 56.Key cable 44 is coupled tomotor control circuit 100.Throttle cable 36 is mounted tobattery pan 50 bycable sleeve mount 66 proximate tomotor control circuit 100. Theinner cable 68 extends fromcable sleeve mount 66 and is attached to oneend 70 a of pivot mount 70Spring 72 is coupled to theother end 70 b ofpivot mount 70 and tocable sleeve mount 66 in order to bias depression ofthrottle lever 32. Pullingthrottle lever 32 causesinner cable 68 to pullend 70 a resulting in counter clockwise rotation ofpivot mount 70 and causesspring 72 to stretch. Whenthrottle lever 32 is released,spring 72 compresses from its stretched position back to its original un-stretchedlength causing spring 72 to pullend 70 b. This results in clockwise rotation of pivot mount 70 back to its resting position. - As shown in FIG. 5,
pivot mount 70 is coupled tomechanical potentiometer 74 which in turn is coupled to pulse width modulatedpower controller 102 inmotor control circuit 100 to provide variable acceleration ofscooter 10.Throttle sensor 76, which is mounted onmotor control circuit 100 and proximate to pivotmount 70, senses when pivot mount 70 is in its resting position (i.e.,throttle lever 32 is not being pulled to accelerate scooter 10). Whenthrottle lever 32 is pulled thus rotatingpivot mount 70,metal flag 78 rotates out ofthrottle sensor 76, which may be an optical sensor, magnetic sensor or the like). This information is sensed bythrottle sensor 76 and conveyed tomotor control circuit 100 in order to provide allow power to flow tomotor 24. As will be explained in more detail with respect to FIG. 6, this is a safety feature that prevents unwanted acceleration ofscooter 10 in the event of failure of electronic components inmotor control circuit 100.Motor control circuit 100 is coupled tomotor 24 viacontrol cables 80. The circuitry ofmotor control circuit 100 is explained in detail with respect to FIG. 6. - Also contained in
battery pan 50 are fourbatteries 56 which are 6 volt lead acid batteries.Batteries 56 can also be NiCad, lithium ion batteries or any other type of electrical fuel source (such as fuel cells). As explained with respect to FIG. 9, use of fuel cells enables an alternate arrangement ofplatform 12.Batteries 56 are evenly distributed on each side ofchassis 14 and placed low inbattery pan 50 in order to ensure an evenly distributed low center of gravity.Batteries 56, which are coupled in series from each negative to positive terminal bybattery cables 82 to provide electrical power tomotor control circuit 100.Batteries 56 are also coupled to chargingunit 84 by chargingcables 86 so thatbatteries 56 may be charged when chargingunit 84 is connected to an AC power source. -
Batteries 56 are re-charged by chargingunit 72 which converts AC power to DC power. While chargingunit 84 is receiving AC power,motor control circuit 100 disablesmotor 24 as a safety pre-caution based upon the 30V DC signal that is distributed tobatteries 56 via chargingcables 86,motor control circuit 100 andbattery cables 82. The AC power is supplied from any wall outlet via apower cord 85 which is coupled tosocket 88 mounted onbattery pan 50. Chargingunit 84 dissipates heat via heat coupler 90 (consisting of an aluminum bar) tobattery pan 50 which acts an integrated heat sink.Battery pan 50 is constructed of aluminum in order to facilitate its use as a heat sink to dissipate heat. Aluminum is the preferred choice given its light weight, heat sink capability, RF shielding properties and low cost. The use of a heat sink is necessary to prevent overheating since chargingunit 84 is located in a closed environment inbattery pan 50 covered byplatform 12. Transistors (not shown) in chargingunit 84 are principally responsible for the generation of heat during charging. Without a heat sink,platform 12 would have to be removed during charging or venting would have to be placed in eitherbattery pan 50 orplatform 12, which would degrade the strength of these structures. In addition to acting as a heat sink,battery pan 50 serves as an RF shield for the electronic circuitry inmotor control circuit 100 and chargingunit 84, since battery pan is constructed of aluminum. Thus,battery pan 50 serves multiple integrated purposes including a battery and electronics holder and protector, an RF shield and a heat sink. -
Motor control circuit 100 is depicted in FIG. 6. Pulsewidth modulating controller 102 is coupled tomechanical potentiometer 74 which senses the position of pivot mount 70 to provide variable control ofmotor 24. As pivot mount 70 rotates counter clockwise from its rest position whenthrottle lever 32 is pulled,mechanical potentiometer 74 senses the position and conveys the information to throttle pulsewidth modulating controller 102 which provides a variable DC voltage tomotor 24 via line 104. As a safety measure, throttle sensor 76 (which as depicted is an optical sensor) senses the movement ofpivot mount 70 via corresponding movement ofmetal flag 78 and allows power to flow tomotor 24 by closingrelay 106. This safety measure protects against failure ofthrottle MOSFET transistor 108. Typically, when MOSFET transistors fail, they fail in the “on” position which in the present circuit would cause full acceleration bymotor 24 whenthrottle lever 32 is not being pulled. Thus, ifthrottle MOSFET transistor 108 fails in the “on” position,motor 24 will not accelerate whenthrottle lever 32 is not being pulled. -
Key 42 is coupled viakey cable 46 toignition pin # 4 onconnector 120. Removingkey 42 opens the circuit alongignition line 110. As a result, power is cut-off to all integrated circuits inmotor control circuit 1 00 andmotor 24. This serves to disablethrottle lever 32 and prevents power being supplied tomotor 24 to deter theft ofscooter 1 0. Also, battery life is conserved by removing power to all integrated circuits. - As a further safety measure,
motor control circuit 100 is coupled to chargingunit 84 via chargingcables 86. The charging potential generated by chargingunit 84 is passed tomotor control circuit 100 viacables 86 which are coupled toconnector 112. The charging potential atconnector 112 is electrically coupled to shutdown pin (#10) on pulsewidth modulating controller 102 vialine 114. This disablesthrottle lever 32. The charging potential is applied tobatteries 56 viabattery cables 82 which are coupled tobattery terminals 116. When in non-charging mode, the potential frombatteries 56 is prevented from shutting down pulse width modulating controller 102 (via pin #10) bydiode 118. - As explained above,
brake lever 34 serves to disable throttle lever 32 (so thatmotor 24 does not respond to pulling throttle lever 32) and convertsmotor 24 into an electronic brake onrear wheel 22.Brake lever sensor 48 mounted onbrake lever 34 senses whenbrake lever 34 is pulled and sends a signal viacable 46 which is received atpin # 2 onconnector 120 onmotor control circuit 100. The presence of the signal causes transistor drive integrated circuit 104 to ignore pulse width modulating controller 102 (i.e., disable throttle lever 32). Additionally, the presence of the signal causes pulse generation integratedcircuit 122 to output a 12 Hz 65% duty cycle to braking MOSFET driveintegrated circuit 124. This switchesbraking MOSFET transistor 126 on and off at a 12 Hz frequency. When brakingMOSFET transistor 126 is on, it shorts the windings ofmotor 24 by connecting the positive andnegative motor terminals motor 24 generates feed back current. The feed back current causes motor 24 to act as an electronic brake. A duty cycle of 12 Hz is preferred since it is sufficiently rapid that the switching motor braking on and off will not be noticed by the rider. Additionally, a 65% on (i.e., shorted or braking) duty cycle is preferred to ensure that the coefficient of friction betweenrear wheel 22 and riding surface S is not exceeded. - Not only does
motor 24 provide electronic braking, the braking includes an anti-lock braking system. Whenmotor 24 acts as an electrical brake,motor drive shaft 25 is maintained in frictional engagement withrear wheel 22. Thus, the rotational speed ofmotor drive shaft 25 is proportional to the rotational speed ofrear wheel 22. In turn, the braking force generated bymotor 24 is proportional to the rotational speed ofmotor drive shaft 25 and thereforerear wheel 22. If the rotational speed ofrear wheel 22 is reduced, as in a skid the braking force is also reduced thus preventing wheel lock. Additionally, if the braking force does causerear wheel 22 to start sliding over surfaces during the 65% on cycle, the sliding will cease during the 35% off cycle when no braking force is applied. Also, unlike automobile anti-lock braking systems, the present invention does not need a sensor like in automobile's because the anti-lock mechanism is on all of the time. This reduces the complexity and cost of the circuitry employed in the present invention. - During braking, rotation of
motor drive shaft 25 is caused by the forward momentum ofscooter 10 rather thanmotor control circuit 100 andbatteries 56. This reverse force can be used as regenerative power to rechargebatteries 56 during braking. This prolongs battery life between charges thereby increasing the range ofscooter 10. - Also, included in
motor control circuit 100 iscurrent limit circuit 130. Whenscooter 10 is stationary or moving slowly, there is very little back electromagnetic force (EMF) frommotor 24 and the current. Thus, if the current is not limited, the current would exceed the current rating ofmotor 24, the electronic components inmotor control circuit 100 including the wiring and drive transistors.Current limit circuit 130 is a pulse-by-pulse current limiter because if the current exceeds the threshold during an on pulse, that pulse is terminated (i.e., the MOSFET is turned off). The next pulse does not effect the previous pulse which was terminated. Of note, pulses occur 17,000 times per second. - In
current limit circuit 130 the current is sensed by measuring the voltage drop acrossMOSFET 108. This voltage is proportional to the current because the “on resistance” of the MOSFET is approximately constant. The voltage is then compared to a set threshold andMOSFET 108 is turned off if the voltage exceeds the threshold thus stopping the current flow. - The conventional manner of measuring current is by measuring the voltage drop across a current sense resistor. Although the conventional manner could be employed in the present invention, it is not efficient to do so. A current sense resistor, if employed in high current present invention, would create excess heat and waste energy. This would require a current sense resistor that has a very small value and/or has high precision. Either of these characteristics is only found in expensive (i.e., not cost effective) resistors.
- In
current limit circuit 130 when in operation, as described in reference to FIG. 6,MOSFET 108 is turned off (non-conducting) by pulsewidth modulating controller 102 by turning outputs CA (pin 12) and CB (pin 13) off. This causespin 2 of U5 to go high which causes pin 2 (the gate) ofMOSFET 108 to go low. Diode D5 does not conduct and therefore pin 1 andpin 2 of resistor R17 goes to zero volts andpin 4 of pulsewidth modulating controller 102 is zero volts resulting in the current limit to be turned off. - When pulse
width modulating controller 102 turnsMOSFET 108 on (conducting) by turning outputs CA (pin 12) and CB (pin 13) on whichcause pin 2 of U5 to go low which causes pin 2 (the gate) ofMOSFET 108 to go high. Diode D5 conducts and the voltage between R14 and R15 is pulled down to the voltage at pin 2 (the source) ofMOSFET 108 plus the voltage drop across diode D5. Since the “on resistance” ofMOSFET 108 is fairly constant (0.007 ohms), the voltage drop acrosspin 2 andpin 3 ofMOSFET 108 is proportional (as is the voltage between R14 and R15) to the instantaneous current throughmotor 24. Resistors R15 and R17 form a voltage divider whose output (pin 2 of resistor R17) can be adjusted so that when the desired threshold current is exceeded, the voltage atpin 2 of resistor R17 exceeds the threshold voltage (200 mV) of the current limit circuit in pulsewidth modulating controller 102 andMOSFET 108 is turned off. - The integrated electronic control of the present invention is summarized in FIG. 7. The circuitry on
motor control circuit 100 controls the operation ofscooter 10 based upon events at chargingunit 84,anti-theft key 42,throttle lever 32 andbrake lever 34. Power cut-offcircuitry 142 shuts off power when key 42 is removed. Also,LED light 54 provides a warning when key 42 is in place andbatteries 56 are charged.Throttle control 144 controls acceleration ofscooter 10 based upon the movement ofthrottle mechanism 140 caused bythrottle lever 32.Throttle mechanism 140 converts the mechanical movement ofthrottle lever 32 to electrical signals recognized bythrottle control 144.Throttle control 144 may be disabled by chargingunit 84 orbrake sensor 48 which senses the position ofbrake lever 34.Safety circuit 146 protects against failure ofthrottle control 144 based onthrottle sensor 76 which senses the position ofthrottle mechanism 140.Electronic brake control 148, coupled betweenmotor 24 andbrake sensor 48, converts motor 24 into an electric brake whenbrake sensor 48 senses thatbrake lever 34 is pulled. - The present invention includes a dual suspension system which is depicted in detail in FIGS. 8 and 9. The dual suspension solves the problems associated with non-pneumatic tires, by eliminating the rough ride normally caused by the hardness of the tires. Also, as depicted in FIGS. 8 and 9, both
front suspension mount 16 andrear suspension mount 18 have a cantilevered construction, which locates the suspension mounts on one side only of front andrear wheels rear wheels - Front
suspension wheel mount 16, as depicted in FIGS. 8A and 8B, is formed bycantilevered support 160,pivot link 162, spring 164 (which may be any type of suspension member such as a shock or strut), andspring support 166.Cantilevered support 160 is mounted at itsproximal end 160 a tosteering column 28 and pivotally coupled at itsdistal end 160 b to pivot link 162 by bearing joint 168.Pivot link 162 is also pivotally mounted at itsother end 162 a tofront axle assembly 170.Spring 164 is mounted betweenfront axle assembly 170 andspring support 166 which extends perpendicularly from proximate toproximal end 160 a ofcantilevered support 160. Spring locating lugs 172 a and 172 b center and holdspring 164 betweenfront axle assembly 170 andspring support 166. - FIG. 8A depicts front
suspension wheel mount 16 in its normal riding position wherespring 164 is compressed to bare the weight ofscooter 10 and the rider. Whenscooter 10 hits a bump B in riding surface S, frontsuspension wheel mount 16 absorbs the shock caused by bump B as depicted in FIG. 8B.Spring 164 compresses to allowfront wheel 20 to rise from surface S without movement ofcantilevered support 160,steering column 28 and the remainder ofscooter 10. The movement offront wheel 20 is isolated by the clockwise rotation ofpivot link 162 about bearing joint 168 asspring 164 compresses. Asfront wheel 20 passes bump B,spring 164 gradually decompresses back to the position shown in FIG. 8A. - Rear
suspension wheel mount 18, as depicted in FIGS. 9A and 9B, is formed byhorizontal pivot link 180, swingarm spring support 182,spring 184 andchassis spring support 185. Cantileveredswing arm 180 is pivotally mounted byswing arm pivot 188 at itsproximal end 180 a toangular chassis extension 14 a and mounted at itsdistal end 180 b to rearwheel axle assembly 186.Spring support 182 extends vertically upward fromhorizontal pivot link 180 proximate toproximal end 180 b. Spring 184 (which may be any type of suspension member such as a shock or strut) is mounted between swingarm spring support 182 andchassis spring support 185. More than onespring 184 may be used to provide sufficient suspension. The preferred embodiment, as can be seen in the perspective view of FIG. 3A, utilizes twosprings 184. Spring locating lugs 192 a and 192 b center and holdspring 184 betweenchassis spring support 185 and swingarm spring support 182. -
Motor 24 is pivotally mounted to pivot bushing 190 on the distal end ofswing arm spring 182. This allows motor shaft 25 (not shown in FIG. 9) to travel with and maintain driving engagement withrear wheel 22. To further assist the driving engagement,motor shaft 25 is biased againstrear wheel 24 bybias spring 27 mounted betweenmotor 24 and cantileveredswing arm 180. - Swing arm pivot is surrounded by
travel limiter 194 which limits the maximum expansion and compression ofspring 184 and thus the distance that cantileveredswing arm 180 may travel. The expansion limit (i.e., clockwise rotation or downward movement of cantilevered swing arm 180) preventsspring 184 from falling out of spring locating lugs 192 whenscooter 10 is being rolled in the stow and carry position of FIG. 3. While being rolled, excessive clockwise rotation front therider raising hook 30 off the ground could exceed the expansion limit ofspring 184 causingspring 184 to fall out of place if not fortravel limiter 194. - FIG. 9A depicts rear
suspension wheel mount 18 in its normal riding position wherespring 184 is compressed to bare the weight ofscooter 10 and the rider. Whenscooter 10 hits a bump B in riding surface S, rearsuspension wheel mount 18 absorbs the shock caused by bump B as depicted in FIG. 9B.Spring 184 compresses to allowrear wheel 22 to rise from surface S without movement ofangular chassis extension 14 a and the remainder ofscooter 10. The movement ofrear wheel 22 is isolated by the counterclockwise rotation ofcantilevered swing arm 180 aboutswing arm pivot 188 asspring 184 compresses. Asrear wheel 22 passes bump B,spring 184 gradually decompresses back to the position shown in FIG. 9A. - If fuel cells are used, an alternate configuration of the riding platform is possible as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. Fuel cells may be manufactured to virtually any size and strength specification, unlike conventional lead acid batteries. Thus,
fuel cell 200 is approximately 3″ thick and the same length and width asplatform 12 in FIG. 1. Moreover,fuel cell 200 is constructed with a sufficiently hard casing to support a rider and protect the contents of thefuel cell 200. Aprotective enclosure 202 is mounted on the underside offuel cell 200 proximate tomotor 24 to enclose and protectmotor control circuit 100 and chargingunit 84.Fuel cell 200 may use any hydrogen rich fuel, which is contained intank 204. In the event a fuel other than hydrogen is utilized, an on-board converter (not shown) will be required to convert the fuel to hydrogen (i.e., separate the hydrogen from the fuel). - The cables for
brake sensor 48, key 42 andthrottle lever 34 are channeled through eitherchassis 14 which is a hollow tube orconduit 206 passing alongside chassis 14 toprotective enclosure 202.Fuel cell 200 is mounted tochassis 14 by one or more triangular trusses which are positioned between the underside of fuel cell 200 (the side facing riding surface S) andchassis 14. - From the above description, it will be apparent that the invention disclosed herein provides a novel and advantageous electric scooter. The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary methods and embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from such discussion that various changes, modifications and variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (32)
1. An electric scooter with integrated electronic control having an electric motor for accelerating the electric scooter comprising:
a throttle lever, wherein movement of the throttle lever is indicative of desired acceleration of the electric scooter;
a brake lever;
a brake sensor proximate to the brake lever, wherein the brake sensor senses the position of the brake lever;
a throttle control circuit coupled between the throttle lever and the electric motor and coupled to the brake sensor, wherein the throttle control circuit controls the acceleration of the electric scooter by the electric motor based upon movement of the throttle lever and is disabled when the brake sensor senses that the brake lever is in a braking position; and
an electronic brake control coupled between the brake sensor and the motor, wherein the electronic brake control causes the electric motor to act as an electric brake when the brake sensor senses that the brake lever is in a braking position.
2. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 further comprising:
an anti-theft key;
a power cut-off circuit electrically coupled to the anti-theft key wherein the electric scooter is electrically disabled upon removal of the anti-theft key.
3. The electric scooter recited in claim 2 further comprising:
an indicator light coupled to the anti-theft key, wherein the indicator light when lit indicates that the scooter is energized and will accelerate upon movement of the throttle lever.
4. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 further comprising:
a charging unit coupled to the throttle control circuit wherein the throttle control unit is disabled while the charging unit is in operation.
5. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 further comprising:
a throttle mechanism coupled between the throttle lever and the throttle control wherein the throttle mechanism converts mechanical movement of the throttle lever to electrical signals recognized by the throttle circuit.
6. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 further comprising:
a safety circuit; and
a throttle sensor coupled between the throttle mechanism and the safety circuit;
wherein the safety circuit prevents acceleration of the scooter when there is no movement of the throttle lever indicative of acceleration.
7. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 wherein movement of the brake lever indicative of braking simultaneously causes friction braking of a front wheel and electric braking of a rear wheel.
8. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 wherein the electronic brake control cycles the electric brake on and off to cause the electric brake in an anti-lock manner.
9. The electric scooter recited in claim 8 wherein the electronic brake control cycles the electric brake on and off at approximately a 65% duty cycle.
10. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 , further comprising
a current limit circuit coupled between the throttle control circuit and the electric motor.
11. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 , further comprising:
a battery pan for holding and protecting batteries wherein the battery pan is an RF shield for at least portions of the throttle control circuit and the battery pan is a heat sink for a battery charging unit.
12. The electric scooter recited in claim 11 , wherein the battery pan is constructed of aluminum.
13. The electric scooter recited in claim 1 , further comprising:
means for holding and protecting batteries;
means for RF shielding at least portions of the throttle control circuit; and
means for dissipating heat generated by a battery charging unit.
14. The electric scooter recited in claim 13 , wherein the means for holding and protecting, the means for RF shielding and the means for dissipating heat comprise a single structure.
15. The electric scooter recited in claim 14 , wherein the single structure is constructed of aluminum.
16. An electric scooter for powered movement of a rider over a ground surface comprising:
a chassis having a front end and a rear end;
a steering column rotatably mounted on the front end of the chassis;
a handle bar mounted at one end of the steering column;
a front wheel rotatably mounted on another end of the steering column;
a rear wheel rotatably mounted on the rear end of the scooter chassis;
a fuel cell mounted on the chassis wherein the fuel cell provides an electric charge for accelerating the electric motor and a platform for supporting the rider of the scooter.
17. The electric scooter recited in claim 16 further comprising:
a fuel supply tank coupled to the fuel cell and mounted proximate to the rear end of the chassis.
18. The electric scooter recited in claim 16 further comprising
a plurality of mounting members mounted to the chassis and fuel cell, wherein the plurality of mounting members fixedly mount the fuel cell on top of the chassis.
19. The electric scooter recited in claim 16 wherein the plurality of mounting members are triangular trusses.
20. The electric scooter recited in claim 16 further comprising:
a conduit mounted to the scooter proximate and substantially parallel to the chassis, wherein the conduit protects control cables passing underneath the fuel cell.
21. A portable, stowable scooter having a rear mounted motor comprising:
a chassis having a front end and a rear end;
a jointed steering column rotatably mounted on the front end of the chassis, wherein the jointed steering column folds from an upright in use position to a folded stowed position;
a handle bar mounted at one end of the steering column;
a front wheel rotatably mounted on another end of the steering column;
a rear wheel rotatably mounted on the rear end of the scooter chassis; and
a stowage hook mounted on the motor wherein the handlebar engages the stowage hook when the jointed steering column is in the folded stowed position.
22. The portable, stowable scooter recited in claim 21 wherein the stowage hook is formed a handle to allow the scooter to be held by the stowage hook and rolled along the front wheel when the jointed steering column is in the folded, stowed position.
23. The portable, stowable scooter recited in claim 21 wherein the stowage hook is an inverted “J” shaped.
24. A dual suspension stand-on scooter comprising:
a chassis having a front end and a rear end;
a standing platform supported by the chassis for supporting a standing rider;
a steering column rotatably mounted on the front end of the chassis;
a front wheel rotatably mounted on a front axle assembly;
a rear wheel rotatably mounted on a rear axle assembly;
a front cantilevered suspension mechanism mounted between the steering column and the front axle assembly; and
a rear cantilevered suspension mechanism mounted between the rear end of the chassis and the rear axle assembly.
25. The dual suspension stand-on scooter recited in claim 18 ,
wherein a cantilevered portion of the chassis extends at angle from the chassis and towards the rear wheel; and
wherein the rear suspension mechanism is mounted to the cantilevered portion of the chassis.
26. The dual suspension stand-on scooter recited in claim 24 , wherein the front cantilevered suspension mechanism is formed by a rectangular arrangement of a cantilevered support, a pivot link, a suspension member and a suspension member support.
27. The dual suspension stand-on scooter recited in claim 26 , wherein the cantilevered support is mounted at a first end to the steering column and at a second end to a first end of the pivot link, the pivot link is mounted at a second end to the front axle member, the suspension member is mounted between the front axle member and the suspension member support, and the suspension member support is mounted to and extends perpendicularly from the cantilevered support.
28. The dual suspension stand-on scooter recited in claim 27 , wherein the first end of the pivot link is pivotally mounted to the second end of the cantilevered support and the second end of the pivot link is pivotally mounted to the front axle assembly.
29. The dual suspension stand-on scooter recited in claim 24 , wherein the rear suspension mechanism is formed by a rectangular arrangement of a swing arm, a suspension member, a first suspension member support and a second suspension member support.
30. The dual suspension stand-on scooter recited in claim 29 , wherein the swing arm is mounted at a first end to the chassis and at a second end to rear axle assembly, the first suspension member support is mounted to and extends perpendicularly from the swing arm, the second suspension support member is mounted to and extends perpendicularly from the chassis, and the suspension member is mounted between the first and second suspension member supports.
31. The dual suspension stand-on scooter recited in claim 30 , wherein the first end of the swing arm is pivotally mounted to the chassis and the second end of the swing arm is pivotally mounted to the rear axle assembly.
32. The dual suspension stand-on scooter recited in claim 24 , wherein the front and rear wheels have non-pneumatic tires.
Priority Applications (1)
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US09/946,279 US6431302B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-09-04 | Electrically integrated scooter with dual suspension and stowage mechanism |
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US09/946,279 US6431302B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-09-04 | Electrically integrated scooter with dual suspension and stowage mechanism |
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US09/946,751 Expired - Fee Related US6609584B2 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-09-04 | Electrically integrated scooter with dual suspension and stowage mechanism |
US09/946,230 Abandoned US20020029918A1 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-09-05 | Electrically integrated scooter with dual suspension and stowage mechanism |
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US09/946,230 Abandoned US20020029918A1 (en) | 1999-08-27 | 2001-09-05 | Electrically integrated scooter with dual suspension and stowage mechanism |
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2000
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-
2001
- 2001-09-04 US US09/946,279 patent/US6431302B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-04 US US09/946,751 patent/US6609584B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-09-05 US US09/946,230 patent/US20020029918A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001015967A1 (en) | 2001-03-08 |
US6347681B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
US6431302B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
US20020029918A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
US20020029919A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
US6609584B2 (en) | 2003-08-26 |
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