US2001951A - Photographic printing emulsion and its production - Google Patents
Photographic printing emulsion and its production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2001951A US2001951A US715779A US71577934A US2001951A US 2001951 A US2001951 A US 2001951A US 715779 A US715779 A US 715779A US 71577934 A US71577934 A US 71577934A US 2001951 A US2001951 A US 2001951A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- toning
- development
- silver
- self
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 7
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- JAJIPIAHCFBEPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-dioxoanthracene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical class O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)O JAJIPIAHCFBEPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiocyanate Chemical compound [NH4+].[S-]C#N SOIFLUNRINLCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960001516 silver nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004133 Sodium thiosulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Inorganic materials [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238370 Sepia Species 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTKFORQRBXIQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylthiourea Chemical compound NC(=S)NCC=C HTKFORQRBXIQHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J chrome alum Chemical compound [K]OS(=O)(=O)O[Cr]1OS(=O)(=O)O1 OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000011928 denatured alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002344 gold compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AZMMUMQYPBKXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Au] AZMMUMQYPBKXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940071575 silver citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DTNJZLDXJJGKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium;trichlorogold Chemical compound [Na].Cl[Au](Cl)Cl DTNJZLDXJJGKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PGWMQVQLSMAHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenesilver Chemical compound [Ag]=S PGWMQVQLSMAHHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisilver;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/09—Noble metals or mercury; Salts or compounds thereof; Sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or compounds thereof, e.g. for chemical sensitising
Definitions
- This invention comprises improvements in or relating to photographic emulsions of the development type.
- Photographic emulsions may be divided into two main types.
- One type comprises the printing-out emulsions which consist essentially of silver chloride together with an excess of a soluble silversalt such as silver nitrate or a silver salt of an organic acid, e. g. silver citrate, lactate, ,or oxalate. With such emulsions'an image is obtained simply by exposure to light.
- the other type comprises" the development emulsions which consist chiefly of silver chloride, silver bromide or combinations thereof, and do not contain any soluble silversalts;
- a development emulsion does not, even on prolonged exposure to light, give a useful visible image, but requires development after exposure (insuflicient in itself to give a visible image) to produce the useful visible image.
- certain development emulsions including those of the so-called gaslight'type one usually obtains an image which is substantially black and it is known to incorporate substances in these emulsions or to vary theconditions' of development in order to modify the quality of the blackness of this image produced by. development.
- tone or colour of such developed images may be modified: by treatment in a toning bath to give an image of substantially different chemical composition from that of the developed image, for example in a sulphide solution which gives sepia tones by conversion of the silver image into silver sulphide. It'is an object of the present invention to provide a development emulsion which has selftoning properties and produces upon development and fixation a toned image comparable with one obtained on printing out paper when printed and toned in the usual way.
- British Patent No. I British Patent No. I
- the present invention comprises a self-toning "development emulsion in which the light-sensitive "salt consists mainly or exclusively of silverlchloride without any soluble silver salts-and which contains self-toning ingredients rcomprising a and fixing.
- the invention also includes a process for the production of a photographic development emulsion comprising forming an emulsion containing essentially gelatine and silver chloride precipitated in situ and then adding atoning agent.
- the invention further; includes a method of producing a toned image which consists in ex-. posing to light a paper bearing a self-toning development emulsion, developing the exposed paper and finally toning and'fixing the image in one operation by immersing the print in a solution of sodium thiosulphate.
- an essential ingredient of the emulsion is a salt of manganese; Further, the specification states that the emulsion is also amendableto'the production' of a seli-toned image by development It has now been found that the omission of themanganese salt in the preparation of such an emulsion, whilst destroying the printing out properties of the emulsion, does not impair the self-toning properties and that images producedby theaction of light onthese emulsions can be developed and subsequently toned in a fixingbath.
- a preferred process for the manufacture of a self-toning development emulsion according to the present invention comprises forming an emulsion consisting essentially of silver chloride and gelatine by precipitating the silver chloride ingan emulsionaccording to the invention:
- a solution comprising gelatine, water, citric :acidand silver nitrate was made up at 110 F.
- Emulsification was effected inthe usual wayand the emulsion shredded. The emulsion was then washed for one hour in 6 changes of water and melted out at 110 F.
- a gold solution was made up by adding ammonium thiocyanate to sodium gold chloride in the presence of gum arabic, the following proportions being employed:
- V The volume was, made up to 350 ccs. This formula gives a slow emulsion which may be increased in speed by the addition of suitable amounts of the agents normally used for increasing speed, c. g. thiosinamine or sensitizing dyes.
- the emulsion is coated on paper in the usual manner.
- toning ingredients a i Conveniently the following procedure is adopted in preparing the print. After an exposure to artificial light, comparable in duration to that given to ordinary gaslight papers, for example, for 4 or 5 seconds to a 100 watt /2watt type lamp at a distance of six inches with a normal negative, the paper is'passed' direct, i. e. without preliminary Washing, into a developer of the formula:-
- Adurol 25 gms. Sodium sulphite (crystals) 5 gms. Sodium carbonate (crystals) 10 gms. Potassium bromide 0.5 gms.
- tone obtained depends upon the duration of ly warmertones can be obtained by using a weaker fixing bath of approximately 20% strength.
- the actual tone may be modifiedby the addition of more or less thiocyanate to the fixing bath.
- Still colder tones may be obtained if desired by treating the print after removal from the developing bath and before fixing,.in a solution of common salt with or without potash alum until the colour has reached the desired tone, the print then being removed and fixed in thiosulphatein the ordinary way, or alternatively common salt may be added 'to the fixing bath.
- the manganese chloride is replaced by sodium, ammonium, lithium or strontium chloride, an emulsion of substantially the same properties will be obtained.
- sodium, ammonium and lithium chlorides, or chlorides of other'metals which do not produce a scum of insoluble carbonate in the developer are employed, the complete process may be carried out with some measure of success even if the emulsion is not washed before the addition of the gold and other finals, and there is no preliminary washing of the print before development.
- the toning process is not prevented by the presence of the nitrates of sodium, ammonium and lithium or the like, improved results are obtainable when these are removed.
- Variation in the tone and in the rate of toning may be obtained by varying the amount and/or composition of the toning agents added to the emulsion.
- a self-toning photographic development emulsion comprising mainly silver chloride but gredient and a gold salt and a lead salt as self- 2.
- a self-toning photographic development emulsion comprising mainly silver chloride but no soluble silver salt as the light sensitive ingredient and a gold salt, a lead salt and a thiocyanate as self-toning ingredients.
- a process for the production of self-toning photographic development emulsion comprising forming an emulsion containing essentially gelatine and silver chloride by precipitating the silver chloride from a soluble silver salt by means of a soluble chloride and then washing from the emulsion the non-silver salt formed by the reaction together with any excess soluble silver salts and soluble chloride, and then adding a solution containing gold salt and a lead salt as self-toning ingredients.
- a process for the production of a self-toning photographic development emulsion comprising forming an emulsion containing essentially gelatine and silver chloride by precipitating the silver chloride in situ, washing from the emulsion any soluble salts, and adding to the emulsion as self-toning ingredients a gold solution made up by adding ammonium thiocyanate and a lead salt to gold chloride in the presence of gum arabic.
- a method of producing a toned image which consists in exposing to light a paper bearing a self-toning photographic development emulsion comprising mainly silver chloride but no soluble silver salt as the light sensitive ingredient and a gold salt and a lead salt as self-toning ingredients, developing the exposed paper in a development solution to produce a reddish image and finally toning and fixing the image by immersing the print in a solution of sodium thiosulphate.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2001951X | 1933-03-22 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2001951A true US2001951A (en) | 1935-05-21 |
Family
ID=10895738
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US715779A Expired - Lifetime US2001951A (en) | 1933-03-22 | 1934-03-15 | Photographic printing emulsion and its production |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2001951A (xx) |
BE (1) | BE402030A (xx) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2624674A (en) * | 1946-06-29 | 1953-01-06 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsion sensitized with gold compounds and sulfur sensitizers |
US2663641A (en) * | 1946-10-07 | 1953-12-22 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Production of reversal images |
US2712995A (en) * | 1949-07-04 | 1955-07-12 | Agfa Ag | Process for the direct production of positive photographic images |
US2733994A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Method of photographic duplicating |
-
0
- BE BE402030D patent/BE402030A/xx unknown
-
1934
- 1934-03-15 US US715779A patent/US2001951A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2733994A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Method of photographic duplicating | ||
US2624674A (en) * | 1946-06-29 | 1953-01-06 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsion sensitized with gold compounds and sulfur sensitizers |
US2663641A (en) * | 1946-10-07 | 1953-12-22 | Gevaert Photo Prod Nv | Production of reversal images |
US2712995A (en) * | 1949-07-04 | 1955-07-12 | Agfa Ag | Process for the direct production of positive photographic images |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE402030A (xx) |
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