US20010049955A1 - Pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method - Google Patents
Pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010049955A1 US20010049955A1 US09/827,699 US82769901A US2001049955A1 US 20010049955 A1 US20010049955 A1 US 20010049955A1 US 82769901 A US82769901 A US 82769901A US 2001049955 A1 US2001049955 A1 US 2001049955A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- die
- fluid
- punch
- fluid pressure
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/007—Hydrostatic extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
- B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
- B21C23/10—Making finned tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/04—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor by directly applied fluid pressure or explosive action
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/066—Making machine elements axles or shafts splined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/12—Making machine elements axles or shafts of specially-shaped cross-section
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
- B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method.
- fluid pressure extrusion method defines a method in which extrusion is conducted under the action of fluid pressure. Pressure control describes the adjustment of this fluid pressure in order to conduct proper extrusion.
- These extrusions can be used to make parts for automobiles such as helical gears and the like.
- Examples of the prior art include forward extrusion methods as shown in FIG. 1 of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Number 11-254082 and FIG. 3 of Japanese Laid Open Patent Publication Number 7-308729.
- FIGS. 3 (A)- 3 (D) the essentials of these prior art methods are schematically shown in order to compare these methods of the prior art with the present invention.
- a material 11 progresses through the steps of 3 (A), 3 (B), 3 (C), and 3 (D) to produce a manufactured product 15 . Because the example of product 15 is perforated, material 11 is also perforated and a mandrel present in the metal mold.
- the outer diameter of material 11 is approximately the same size as the inner diameter of a container 12 b .
- FIG. 3(C) when material 11 is extruded into a die 12 and molded by a punch 13 , a large frictional force is generated between the material outer diameter and the container. Furthermore, when molding helical gear part 15 a of manufactured product 15 with a helical gear part 12 a of die 12 , product 15 rotates as it advances along a lead. This rotation adds a large additional frictional force in the direction of rotation as well as the frictional force in the axial direction as described above. As a result, the load needed for working is increased, and there are negative effects on the product precision and on the die life. With this method, the outer diameter part of the material must be straight. If the outer diameter is tiered, the smaller diameter part could become deformed and expand during molding, and the specified molding cannot be conducted.
- the first object of the present invention is to lengthen the life of the die.
- the second object is to improve product precision.
- a fluid pressure is disposed between the die and the material.
- a suitable fluid pressure acts upon the material.
- the present invention provides a fluid pressure molding method in which the lower part of a material to be molded forms a lower seal with a die.
- a punch applying a molding force to the material forms an upper seal with the perimeter of the die.
- the space between the upper and lower seals forms a pressure chamber that is filed with a fluid.
- the lower seal is a complete seal to prevent leakage of fluid into the die.
- the upper seal is given a clearance with the die that permits controlled leakage of fluid therepast at a rate that limits the maximum pressure in the pressure chamber while permitting the development of an adequate pressure on the material being molded.
- a suitable fluid pressure acts on the outer perimeter surface of a material, the material is pushed directly by a punch into a die for molding, whereby the material is molded into a desired shape.
- the fluid is suitably sealed by the material, the die, and the punch.
- the action of the die and the punch compresses and pressurizes the fluid.
- the fluid pressure acts on the material to form the product.
- the fluid pressure is adjusted by a clearance of the die and the punch.
- FIGS. 1 (A) through 1 (D) are drawings of the steps in the process according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is an expanded view of the principal part of FIG. 1(B).
- FIGS. 3 (A) through 3 (D) are drawings illustrating the method of the prior art.
- a metal mold 100 is constructed from a die 2 , a punch 3 , and a mandrel 4 .
- the metal mold 100 is set into a conventional press (not shown).
- the metal mold 100 is actuated by the ascending and descending motion of a slide of the press.
- die 2 includes a cavity 10 having the shape of the desired molded product.
- the molded product is a helical gear.
- Teeth 2 a are formed on the lower part of cavity 10 .
- Teeth 5 a of molded product 5 are formed by teeth 2 a.
- material 1 is supplied to die 2 .
- Material 1 is transported to die 2 by a transport device and is inserted into cavity 10 of die 2 .
- mandrel 4 is inserted into the hole of material 1 .
- a fluid is supplied to cavity 10 .
- oil is used as the fluid.
- punch 3 is lowered into cavity 10 .
- the lower end surface of punch 3 contacts the upper surface of material 1 .
- a fluid pressure chamber 6 is sealed between the punch 3 and the lower portion of the material 1 .
- the fluid inside cavity 10 is compressed.
- the fluid is sealed by a first seal 7 at the contact surface between material 1 and punch 3 , a second seal 8 at the insertion surface between die 2 and punch 3 , and a third seal 9 at the insertion surface between die 2 and the lower end of material 1 .
- Seal 9 must completely seal to prevent leakage of fluid from fluid pressure chamber 6 to the portion of the die 2 containing the teeth 2 a . If the pressurized fluid from fluid pressure chamber 6 penetrates into teeth 2 a , the presence of the material 1 may produce partial depressions in teeth 5 a of molded product 5 . This would prevent achieving the desired shape.
- Seal 7 may have some leakage without producing any problems.
- teeth 2 a are a helical gear
- material 1 rotates with respect to punch 3 .
- punch 3 advances, a film of fluid penetrates between the teeth 2 a and the teeth 5 a being formed.
- the resulting lubrication reduces the frictional force that accompanies this rotation.
- seal 8 With seal 8 , the pressurized fluid must be actively released. If the fluid pressure in fluid pressure chamber 6 rises without limit, there can be problems such as the rupture of members such as die 2 and the like. However, if a large amount of fluid in fluid pressure chamber 6 leaks from seal 8 , material 1 expands radially. This can cause problems such as incomplete molding action of material 1 . Taking these points into account, it is necessary to determine the clearance for the restriction of seal 8 . Seal 8 acts as a relief valve.
- the clearance of seal 8 is determined so that an optimal fluid pressure of fluid pressure chamber 6 is achieved.
- molded product 5 inside die 2 is impelled from below by a knockout device (not shown) and is removed from above die 2 .
- the molded product is lifted to the top of die 2 by a rotatable lifting member.
- a tiered material is used, but the present invention can be used for a straight material as well. Although there is a hole in the center of the molded product, the present invention does not require a hole.
- the molded product is a helical gear, but the present invention can be used for molded parts with super gears or with no gears as well.
- the load needed for molding is reduced.
- the stress on the die is reduced, and product precision is improved.
- advantages such as having a die with a long life and conserving energy.
- even if there is a space between the die and the material there is no deformation of the material.
- extrusion of tiered materials becomes possible.
- the cross-section reduction rate for the extrusion is small, and the molding load is further reduced.
- the fluid pressure in fluid pressure chamber 6 is controlled by the clearance of seal 8 .
- control is easy and stable.
- the present invention permits molding of parts that have heretofore been considered difficult to process.
Abstract
The lower part of a material to be molded forms a lower seal with a die. A punch applying a molding force to the material forms an upper seal with the perimeter of the die. The space between the upper and lower seals forms a pressure chamber that is filled with a fluid. As the punch descends into the die, the fluid is pressurized. The lower seal is a complete seal to prevent leakage of fluid into the die. The upper seal is given a clearance with the die that permits controlled leakage of fluid therepast at a rate that limits the maximum pressure in the pressure chamber while permitting the development of an adequate pressure on the material being molded.
Description
- The present invention relates to a pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method. The term “fluid pressure extrusion method” defines a method in which extrusion is conducted under the action of fluid pressure. Pressure control describes the adjustment of this fluid pressure in order to conduct proper extrusion. These extrusions can be used to make parts for automobiles such as helical gears and the like.
- Examples of the prior art include forward extrusion methods as shown in FIG. 1 of Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication Number 11-254082 and FIG. 3 of Japanese Laid Open Patent Publication Number 7-308729.
- Referring to FIGS.3(A)-3(D), the essentials of these prior art methods are schematically shown in order to compare these methods of the prior art with the present invention. A
material 11 progresses through the steps of 3(A), 3(B), 3(C), and 3(D) to produce a manufacturedproduct 15. Because the example ofproduct 15 is perforated,material 11 is also perforated and a mandrel present in the metal mold. - Referring to FIG. 3(A), the outer diameter of
material 11 is approximately the same size as the inner diameter of acontainer 12 b. Referring to FIG. 3(C), whenmaterial 11 is extruded into adie 12 and molded by apunch 13, a large frictional force is generated between the material outer diameter and the container. Furthermore, when moldinghelical gear part 15 a of manufacturedproduct 15 with ahelical gear part 12 a of die 12,product 15 rotates as it advances along a lead. This rotation adds a large additional frictional force in the direction of rotation as well as the frictional force in the axial direction as described above. As a result, the load needed for working is increased, and there are negative effects on the product precision and on the die life. With this method, the outer diameter part of the material must be straight. If the outer diameter is tiered, the smaller diameter part could become deformed and expand during molding, and the specified molding cannot be conducted. - The first object of the present invention is to lengthen the life of the die.
- The second object is to improve product precision.
- In the present invention, a fluid pressure is disposed between the die and the material. When molding the material, a suitable fluid pressure acts upon the material.
- Briefly stated, the present invention provides a fluid pressure molding method in which the lower part of a material to be molded forms a lower seal with a die. A punch applying a molding force to the material forms an upper seal with the perimeter of the die. The space between the upper and lower seals forms a pressure chamber that is filed with a fluid. As the punch descends into the die, the fluid is pressurized. The lower seal is a complete seal to prevent leakage of fluid into the die. The upper seal is given a clearance with the die that permits controlled leakage of fluid therepast at a rate that limits the maximum pressure in the pressure chamber while permitting the development of an adequate pressure on the material being molded.
- Described in more detail, according to an embodiment of the invention, a suitable fluid pressure acts on the outer perimeter surface of a material, the material is pushed directly by a punch into a die for molding, whereby the material is molded into a desired shape.
- According to a feature of the invention, the fluid is suitably sealed by the material, the die, and the punch. The action of the die and the punch compresses and pressurizes the fluid. The fluid pressure acts on the material to form the product.
- According to an additional feature of the invention, the fluid pressure is adjusted by a clearance of the die and the punch.
- The above, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate the same elements.
- FIGS.1(A) through 1(D) are drawings of the steps in the process according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is an expanded view of the principal part of FIG. 1(B).
- FIGS.3(A) through 3(D) are drawings illustrating the method of the prior art.
- Referring to FIGS.1(A)-1(D), the process of molding material 1 into molded
product 5 is shown. Ametal mold 100 is constructed from a die 2, apunch 3, and amandrel 4. Themetal mold 100 is set into a conventional press (not shown). Themetal mold 100 is actuated by the ascending and descending motion of a slide of the press. - Referring to FIG. 1(A), die2 includes a
cavity 10 having the shape of the desired molded product. In the illustrated embodiment, the molded product is a helical gear.Teeth 2 a are formed on the lower part ofcavity 10.Teeth 5 a of moldedproduct 5 are formed byteeth 2 a. - Referring to FIGS.1(B) and 2, material 1 is supplied to die 2. Material 1 is transported to die 2 by a transport device and is inserted into
cavity 10 of die 2. After inserting material 1 intocavity 10,mandrel 4 is inserted into the hole of material 1. A fluid is supplied tocavity 10. In the present embodiment, oil is used as the fluid. - Next,
punch 3 is lowered intocavity 10. The lower end surface ofpunch 3 contacts the upper surface of material 1. Aspunch 3 descends further, afluid pressure chamber 6 is sealed between thepunch 3 and the lower portion of the material 1. With further descent ofpunch 3 the fluid insidecavity 10 is compressed. In other words, the fluid is sealed by afirst seal 7 at the contact surface between material 1 andpunch 3, asecond seal 8 at the insertion surface between die 2 andpunch 3, and a third seal 9 at the insertion surface between die 2 and the lower end of material 1. - Seal9 must completely seal to prevent leakage of fluid from
fluid pressure chamber 6 to the portion of the die 2 containing theteeth 2 a. If the pressurized fluid fromfluid pressure chamber 6 penetrates intoteeth 2 a, the presence of the material 1 may produce partial depressions inteeth 5 a of moldedproduct 5. This would prevent achieving the desired shape. -
Seal 7 may have some leakage without producing any problems. In the present embodiment, becauseteeth 2 a are a helical gear, while molding, material 1 rotates with respect topunch 3. Aspunch 3 advances, a film of fluid penetrates between theteeth 2 a and theteeth 5 a being formed. The resulting lubrication reduces the frictional force that accompanies this rotation. - With
seal 8, the pressurized fluid must be actively released. If the fluid pressure influid pressure chamber 6 rises without limit, there can be problems such as the rupture of members such as die 2 and the like. However, if a large amount of fluid influid pressure chamber 6 leaks fromseal 8, material 1 expands radially. This can cause problems such as incomplete molding action of material 1. Taking these points into account, it is necessary to determine the clearance for the restriction ofseal 8.Seal 8 acts as a relief valve. - As described above, the clearance of
seal 8 is determined so that an optimal fluid pressure offluid pressure chamber 6 is achieved. - Referring to FIG. 1(C), while fluid pressure from
fluid pressure chamber 6 is applied to material 1, material 1 is pushed bypunch 3 to become molded into moldedproduct 5. In this situation, because the fluid influid pressure chamber 6 is disposed between die 2 and material 1, frictional forces are not generated between the two. Therefore, material 1 is molded with only the pushing pressure that is needed for molding. In the present embodiment, becauseteeth 2 a of die 2 form a helical gear, material 1 is rotated while being pushed into die 2. However, due to the action of the above fluid, the frictional resistance associated with the rotation is not generated. - Referring to FIG. 1(D), molded
product 5 inside die 2 is impelled from below by a knockout device (not shown) and is removed from above die 2. In other words, the molded product is lifted to the top of die 2 by a rotatable lifting member. - In the present embodiment, a tiered material is used, but the present invention can be used for a straight material as well. Although there is a hole in the center of the molded product, the present invention does not require a hole. In the present embodiment, the molded product is a helical gear, but the present invention can be used for molded parts with super gears or with no gears as well.
- According to the present invention, because there is no associated frictional force, the load needed for molding is reduced. As a result, the stress on the die is reduced, and product precision is improved. There are advantages such as having a die with a long life and conserving energy. Furthermore, even if there is a space between the die and the material, there is no deformation of the material. As a result, extrusion of tiered materials becomes possible. As a result, the cross-section reduction rate for the extrusion is small, and the molding load is further reduced.
- The fluid pressure in
fluid pressure chamber 6 is controlled by the clearance ofseal 8. As a result, control is easy and stable. The present invention permits molding of parts that have heretofore been considered difficult to process. - Having described preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method comprising:
placing a material to be molded in a die;
applying a fluid pressure to an outer perimeter surface of a material; and
pushing said material directly by a punch into said die for molding, whereby said material is molded into a desired shape.
2. A pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method according to , wherein:
claim 1
sealing said fluid by seals formed of contact between said material, said die, and said punch; and
the step of applying includes compressing and pressurizing said fluid by an action of said die and said punch.
3. A pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method according to , wherein the step of applying includes adjusting a clearance between said die and said punch, said clearance controlling said fluid pressure.
claim 2
4. A pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method according to , wherein the step of sealing includes completely sealing between said material and said die, whereby leakage of said fluid therepast is completely prevented.
claim 2
5. A pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method according to , wherein the step of sealing includes providing a clearance between said punch and said die effective to permit leakage of said fluid therepast at a rate which produces the desired fluid pressure.
claim 4
6. A pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method comprising:
placing a material to be molded in a die;
completely sealing a lower portion of said material to said die;
adding a fluid to a space above said lower seal between a perimeter of said material an said die;
urging a punch into said die;
said punch forming an upper seal with said die;
a space between said lower portion and said upper seal being a pressure chamber;
advancing said punch into said die to mold said material into a product;
the step of advancing being effective to pressurize said fluid; and
providing a fit between said punch and said die at said upper seal that is effective to permit an amount of leakage that produces a desired level of fluid pressurization in said pressure chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/431,114 US7284405B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2003-05-06 | Pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000-173006 | 2000-06-09 | ||
JP2000173006A JP3707768B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2000-06-09 | Pressure control hydraulic extrusion method |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/431,114 Continuation-In-Part US7284405B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2003-05-06 | Pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010049955A1 true US20010049955A1 (en) | 2001-12-13 |
Family
ID=18675310
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/827,699 Abandoned US20010049955A1 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2001-04-06 | Pressure controlled fluid pressure extrusion method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20010049955A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1162014B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3707768B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2343685C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60109519T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101449270B1 (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-10 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Method for manufacturing extruded helical gear having postprocess of extruded helical gear |
TWI622490B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2018-05-01 | 王正平 | Fine extru-cutting forming machine |
TWI722949B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-03-21 | 瑋瑩實業有限公司 | Twill molding die structure for riveting nut |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1111351A (en) * | 1964-07-31 | 1968-04-24 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to hydrostatic extrusion processes |
GB1215452A (en) * | 1967-02-02 | 1970-12-09 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to hydrostatic extrusion apparatus |
SE361270B (en) * | 1971-12-30 | 1973-10-29 | Asea Ab | |
US3983730A (en) * | 1971-08-16 | 1976-10-05 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method of hydrostatic extrusion |
-
2000
- 2000-06-09 JP JP2000173006A patent/JP3707768B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-04-06 US US09/827,699 patent/US20010049955A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-11 CA CA002343685A patent/CA2343685C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-01 EP EP01304835A patent/EP1162014B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-01 DE DE60109519T patent/DE60109519T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2343685C (en) | 2006-07-04 |
EP1162014A2 (en) | 2001-12-12 |
JP2001347336A (en) | 2001-12-18 |
CA2343685A1 (en) | 2001-12-09 |
DE60109519D1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
DE60109519T2 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
JP3707768B2 (en) | 2005-10-19 |
EP1162014B1 (en) | 2005-03-23 |
EP1162014A3 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
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Legal Events
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AS | Assignment |
Owner name: AIDA ENGINEERING CO., LTD., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KANAMARU, HISANOBU;KOBAYASHI, KAZUTO;REEL/FRAME:011719/0045 Effective date: 20010329 |
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STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |