JP4159063B2 - Forging equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a forging device that plastically processes a rough material in a sealed space.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a forging method described in Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-33015 has been known as an apparatus for processing ring-shaped spur gears and the like by forging.
The forging method described in the above document uses a sealed mold composed of a die with a sealed hole mold and a punch fitted to the die, and the rough material is moved into the mold due to a sudden increase in pressure during the pressing process. At the stage where the outward or inward flow to be filled becomes slow, a hole is made in the center part of the coarse material or other unnecessary part, and then reworked by the above-mentioned sealed mold, and the hole diameter of the installed hole is By proceeding with pressurization while shrinking, the coarse material is further flowed outward or inward to fill the mold and complete the processing.
[0003]
Specifically, the above publication describes an example in which forging is performed with a punch having a tooth portion on the outer periphery and a closed hole die having an inner tooth portion (concave portion) fitted to the tooth portion on a side surface. . The coarse material is a ring-like coarse material having a diameter close to the root circle and having a central hole (unnecessary portion) formed in advance, and a ring-shaped spur gear is manufactured as a product. A slidable mandrel is provided at the center of the punch and the die, and the inner peripheral surface of the coarse material central hole is constrained by the penetration of the mandrel. And a punch is pressurized to a die | dye and a rough material is poured outward. Pull out the mandrel at the stage when the machining force increases rapidly. The mandrel is stopped in a state where a space corresponding to the central hole is held. When re-pressurization is performed in this state, the space is reduced, the outward flow proceeds again, and the filling of the tooth portion is completed.
[0004]
Thereafter, by rolling down the mandrel, a complete central hole is formed while removing the coarse material pieces discharged into the reduced space, and the processing is completed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described conventional forging apparatus, during pressing, the rough material filled in the tooth part (inner tooth) of the die must flow against the static frictional force against the wall surface of the tooth part. There is a problem that the pressing force required for the die is increased by the static frictional force.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and for the formation of a hook-like, screw-like, helical-toothed or flat-toothed protrusion formed on the peripheral surface of the coarse material, It is an object to be solved to provide a forging device in which the friction between the wall surface of the die recess fitted to the protrusion and the rough material can be reduced as much as possible to reduce the applied pressure.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors of the present invention have made various studies, and if the wall surface of the die recess can be moved in the pressurizing direction, the frictional force between the flowing coarse material and the wall surface can be reduced, and the present invention has been completed. did.
That is, the forging device of the present invention is a forging device that performs plastic working of a cylindrical or ring-shaped product having a flange-like, screw-like, helical-toothed or flat-toothed protrusion on the peripheral surface, At least one that presses the rough material of the product in a direction intersecting the projection is a slide-type first punch member and a second punch member, and a front end surface of the first punch member and a front end surface of the second punch member. On the other hand, a side circumferential wall that is movable in the pressing direction of the coarse material or in the pressing direction and the rotation direction is configured, and a sealed space is defined by the side circumferential wall, the front end surface of the first punch member, and the front end surface of the second punch member And a die member having a concave portion for forming the protrusion on the side peripheral wall, and a predetermined force opposed to the pressure applied to the rough material by the first punch member and the second punch member on the die member. Pressing direction or pressurizing of the die member while applying pressure Characterized by comprising a floating means which performs moving to direction and rotational direction.
[0008]
[Action]
In the forging device of the present invention, the sealed space is composed of the first punch member, the second punch member, and the die member constituting the side peripheral wall facing each other in the pressurizing direction. And since the die member can move freely in a state where a predetermined pressure is opposed to the pressing direction or the pressing direction or the rotation direction, the friction between the rough material flowing in the concave portion of the side peripheral wall and the concave wall becomes a dynamic friction state. The rough material can easily flow into the recesses, and the applied pressure can be reduced.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The forging device of the present invention can be constituted by a first punch member, a second punch member, a freely movable die member, and a floating means. That is, this is a technique for filling a protrusion with a rough material without increasing the pressure even in a product that does not have a space for promoting flow (an unnecessary portion such as a central hole or other notches).
[0010]
A protrusion is a collar part, a flat tooth part, a helical tooth part, a screw, or the like formed on the outer peripheral surface or the inner peripheral surface of the coarse material.
As a preferred embodiment, the first punch member and the second punch member integrally have at least one mandrel slidable in the pressurizing direction that penetrates the rough material in the pressurizing direction to form an unnecessary portion. Can do. The mandrel forms and holds a space that is equal to or slightly smaller than the volume of the unnecessary portion in the middle of pressurization, and cuts the coarse material pieces that have flowed into the space of the unnecessary portion by further pressurization. To do.
[0011]
According to this embodiment, the pressure is applied both by the effect that the coarse material protrudes into the space formed by the mandrel and the flow is promoted, and the effect that the die member is loosened and the friction between the coarse material and the concave wall is reduced. Can be reduced.
The floating means can be constituted by a direct acting hydraulic actuator and a hydraulic circuit for controlling the actuator. The advantage of using a hydraulic circuit is that, for example, when a constant pressure is applied to the rack and pinion against the applied pressure, the driving means such as a motor is loaded and power consumption is large, but in the hydraulic circuit, a relief valve is used. A pressure opposite to the applied pressure can be easily applied.
[0012]
【Example】
The forging device of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the forging device 1 of the embodiment includes an upper die base 2 connected to a pressure device (not shown), an upper punch (slide die) 3 fixed to the upper die base 2, and an upper punch 3. An upper mandrel 4 disposed inside the lower mold base 5, a lower punch 6 (fixed mold) fixed to the lower mold base 5, and a tip surface of the upper mandrel 4 disposed inside the lower punch 6. It consists of the lower mandrel 7 facing, the floating means 10 arranged on the lower mold base 5, and the die member 8 connected to the floating means 10.
[0013]
Inner teeth 8a (concave portions) are engraved on the inner periphery of the die member 8 so as to be connected in the vertical direction corresponding to the flat outer teeth (protrusions) formed on the outer peripheral surface of the coarse material 9 to be a product. . Further, outer teeth 3a and 6a are formed on the outer circumferences of the tip portions of the upper punch 3 and the lower punch 6 so as to mesh with the inner teeth 8a.
The floating means 10 includes a cylinder 11 having a plurality of piston chambers provided inside the lower mold base 5 in an annular shape or at equal intervals, and a piston 12 that moves up and down in the piston chamber. A die 8 is connected to the tip of the piston 12. The cylinder 11 is provided with a liquid supply port 13 below, and hydraulic fluid is supplied to and discharged from the hydraulic circuit 20 shown in FIG. In addition, the piston chamber can be moved in the vertical direction in a state parallel to the vertical direction by forming an annular shape rather than providing a plurality of piston chambers at equal intervals.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 2, a hydraulic fluid tank 24, a pump 21 for sucking the hydraulic fluid in the tank 24, an electromagnetic valve 22 disposed between the liquid supply port 13 and the pump 21, and an electromagnetic valve 22, A relief valve 23 is provided between a connection point with the liquid supply port 13 and the tank 24. Here, the relief valve 23 is set to be opened when a pressure of 0.5 MPa is applied. A relief valve 25 is connected so as to straddle the outlet side liquid passage 28 and the return liquid passage 29 of the pump 21. The relief valve 25 cuts off the excessive discharge pressure of the pump 21.
[0015]
The forging device operates as follows. As shown on the left side of FIG. 1, the ring-shaped coarse material 9 is first set between the lower punch 6 and the upper punch 3. The coarse material 9 has a central hole 9a as an unnecessary portion in the center, and the upper mandrel 4 and the lower mandrel 8 are passed through the central hole 9a. The coarse material 9 is set to have a slightly larger inner diameter than the outer diameters of the upper mandrel 4 and the lower mandrel 7.
[0016]
In the die 8, the electromagnetic valve 22 is switched to the right position in FIG. 2, so that the hydraulic fluid is supplied from the pump 21 to the piston chamber of the cylinder 11 and the piston 12 is lifted to the highest position.
When the piston 12 ascends to the highest position (desired position), the solenoid valve 22 is switched to the intermediate position in FIG. 2 and the working fluid supplied into the cylinder 11 is confined by the relief valve 23.
[0017]
Next, as shown on the right side of FIG. 1, when the upper die base 2 is pressed downward, the upper punch 3 descends while plastically deforming the coarse material 9. When the coarse material 9 is pressurized from above, it spreads in the lateral direction in FIG. 1 and the material flows along the internal teeth 8 a of the die 8. As the coarse material 9 is deformed, friction is generated with the wall of the inner teeth 8a of the die 8, and the die 8 receives downward pressure due to the frictional resistance.
[0018]
The die 8 is connected to the piston 12 of the floating means 10, and a force that pushes the working fluid present in the cylinder 11 out of the cylinder 12 acts on the piston 12. When the pressure on the relief valve 23 is applied to the hydraulic fluid and a pressure higher than the set pressure is generated, the excess pressure is released and released to the tank 24. When the die 8 is lowered, not the static friction but the dynamic friction is generated between the coarse material 9 and the inner tooth 8a wall of the die 8, and the pressing force can be reduced.
[0019]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the material flow cannot be expected even if the pressure is further applied, the upper mandrel 4 and the lower mandrel 7 are in contact with each other as shown on the left side of FIG. The mandrel 4 is raised to form a space 30. The distance between the upper mandrel 4 and the lower mandrel 7 is adjusted so that the space 30 is equal to the volume of the central hole 9a or slightly smaller in the pressing direction.
[0020]
By forming the space 30, the coarse material 9 has a material protruding into the space 30 as shown on the right side of FIG. 3. Thereby, the material flow into the inner tooth portion 8a of the die 8 is further generated, and a product in which the outer teeth are sufficiently filled with the material can be forged. After the material is sufficiently filled into a desired shape, the upper mandrel 4 and the lower mandrel 7 are lowered to cut out the coarse piece 9b protruding into the central hole 9a of the coarse piece 9. Thus, a product with sufficient fillability with a reduced pressure can be produced by forging. Although the said Example manufactures a ring-shaped plain external gear, it can manufacture also with a helical gear and a screw member. In this case, what is necessary is just to set it as the structure which the dice | dies 8 idle in a pressurization direction and a rotation direction. Specifically, a guide for rotating the piston 12 may be provided in the cylinder 11.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the sealed space can float in the pressurizing direction, the pressurizing direction, and the rotating direction with respect to the first punch member, the second punch member, and the first punch member and the second punch member. Since it divides by the die member which comprises a side peripheral wall, friction with the die member at the time of material flow can be made small, and required pressurizing force can be reduced.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a forging device according to the present invention, wherein the left half is a state before pressurization and the right half is a state during pressurization.
2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which re-pressurization is performed by the forging device in FIG. 1 (left half) and a state in which unnecessary portions are regenerated.
FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of the forging device of FIG. 1;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Rough material, 3 ... Upper punch (1st punch member), 6 ... Lower punch (2nd punch member), 8a ... Internal tooth (recessed part), 8 ... Die member, 10 ... Floating means.

Claims (2)

A forging device that performs plastic working of a cylindrical or ring-shaped product having a flange-like, screw-like, helical tooth-like or flat tooth-like protrusion on its peripheral surface,
At least one of pressing the coarse material of the product in the direction intersecting the protrusion is a slide type first punch member and a second punch member,
A side peripheral wall that is movable in the pressing direction of the rough material or in the pressing direction and the rotation direction with respect to the front end surface of the first punch member and the front end surface of the second punch member is configured, and the side peripheral wall, the first punch A die member that defines a sealed space at the tip surface of the member and the tip surface of the second punch member and has a recess for forming the protrusion on the side peripheral wall;
The die member is movable in the pressurizing direction or the pressurizing direction and the rotating direction while applying a predetermined pressure opposite to the pressure applied to the rough material by the first punch member and the second punch member. Floating means for performing,
The floating means includes a hydraulic actuator that is disposed on a fixed base member that supports the first punch member or the second punch member, and includes a piston that connects the die member and a direct acting hydraulic cylinder portion; A hydraulic circuit that supplies hydraulic fluid to the pressure chamber of the hydraulic actuator before pressurizing the one punch member and the second punch member, and regulates the hydraulic fluid pressure of the pressure chamber after the pressurization is started. Forging equipment characterized by.   Each of the first punch member and the second punch member has an upper mandrel and a lower mandrel that are slidable in the pressurizing direction and penetrate the rough material in the pressurizing direction to form an unnecessary portion. The mandrel and the lower mandrel are separated in the middle of pressurization to form and hold a space that is equal to or slightly smaller than the volume of the unnecessary portion and flows out into the space of the unnecessary portion by further pressurization. The forging device according to claim 1, wherein the rough material piece is cut.

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