US20010044994A1 - Capacitor termination assembly - Google Patents
Capacitor termination assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010044994A1 US20010044994A1 US09/843,109 US84310901A US2001044994A1 US 20010044994 A1 US20010044994 A1 US 20010044994A1 US 84310901 A US84310901 A US 84310901A US 2001044994 A1 US2001044994 A1 US 2001044994A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pellet
- cathode
- capacitor
- conductive material
- anode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- GBBVHDGKDQAEOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound O1CCCCC11OCCCC1 GBBVHDGKDQAEOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019944 Olestra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/008—Terminals
- H01G9/012—Terminals specially adapted for solid capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capacitor termination and method for making same.
- a primary object of the present invention is the provision of an improved capacitor termination and method for making same which permits the molding of a protective material around the capacitor pellet with a substantially uniform thickness.
- a further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved capacitor termination and method for making same which results in a cathode termination that is centered with respect to the capacitor body.
- a further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved capacitor having a low ESR.
- a further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved capacitor termination and method for making same which is economical, efficient in operation, and simple in operation.
- a capacitor comprising a capacitor pellet having an anode end a cathode end, a front face, a rear face, first and second opposite sides, and a longitudinal pellet axis extending from the cathode end to the anode end.
- An anode wire is connected to and in contact with the pellet and extends outwardly from the anode end of the pellet.
- a quantity of conductive material is in electrical contact with the cathode end of the capacitor pellet.
- a molded material covers the pellet with a substantially uniform thickness and also covers a portion of the conductive material at the anode end of the pellet.
- the molded protective material leaves a portion of the conductive material uncovered to create and expose a cathode termination at the cathode end of the pellet.
- the cathode termination is approximately centered on the longitudinal axis of the pellet and faces axially away from the cathode end of the pellet.
- a cathode terminal covers and is in electrical contact with the cathode termination.
- the method of the present invention comprises forming a capacitor pellet having a pellet anode end, a pellet cathode end, a pellet front wall, a pellet rear wall, first and second opposite pellet side walls, and a longitudinal axis extending between the pellet anode and cathode ends.
- an anode wire is connected to and extends from the anode end of the pellet.
- a fluid conductive material capable of hardening is applied to the cathode end and portions of the pellet front wall, rear wall, first side wall and second side wall adjacent the cathode end of the pellet.
- the fluid conductive material creates a tear drop shaped conductive body having a tear drop point extending axially away from the cathode end of the pellet.
- the fluid conductive material is permitted to harden.
- a protective material is molded around the pellet and the conductive material to form a protective coating. A portion of the tear drop point and the protective coating are then removed to form an exposed cathode termination surface of the conductive body.
- the removing step further comprises forming the cathode termination surface into a flat surface facing axially away from the pellet cathode end.
- the removing step is accomplished by cutting or by grinding the tear drop point.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a capacitor made according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an elevational view showing the pellet, wire, and teardrop body of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified and partial semetric view of the molds used to produce the capacitor of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the pellet positioned within the bottom mold member.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the molded capacitor before the bottom portion thereof is removed.
- FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6, but showing a prior art capacitor.
- Capacitor 10 generally designates a capacitor made according to the present invention.
- Capacitor 10 includes a pellet 12 having an anode pellet end 14 , and a cathode pellet end 16 .
- An anode wire 18 is embedded in and extends from the anode pellet end 14 of pellet 12 .
- Pellet 12 also includes a pellet front wall 20 (FIG. 5), a pellet rear wall 22 , and opposite pellet side walls 24 , 26 .
- Surrounding the pellet 12 is a protective body 28 made of molded material which protects the integrity of the pellet 12 . Numerous molding materials have been used, and they are preferably dielectric. However, persons skilled in the art may select a wide variety of protective molded materials without detracting from the invention.
- the preferred molding compound is manufactured by Dexter Corporation at 211 Franklin Street, Olean, N.Y. 14760, under model number MG 53 F.
- the protective body 28 includes a pair of opposite side indentations 30 , 32 . Other side indentations are also formed in the protective body 28 and will be described hereafter.
- a cathode termination 34 Surrounding the bottom of the pellet 12 is a cathode termination 34 made of a conductive material which may be silver, other metals, or conductive epoxy. A wide variety of these conductive materials are available and are used in the industry.
- the preferred conductive material for use in the present invention is a conductive epoxy sold under the Model No. 61445, by Metech, Inc., having an address of Rt. 401, Box 360, Elverson, Pa. 19520.
- the cathode termination 34 includes a downwardly presented cathode termination surface 36 which engages a cathode terminal cap 38 made of conductive material.
- Cathode cap 38 includes cap side walls 40 and a cap end wall 42 .
- the wire 18 provides the anode termination for capacitor 10 .
- a conductive anode cap 97 can be provided at the anode end so as to engage the wire 18 and provide an anode terminal for capacitor 10 .
- the pellet 12 is shown in its form before being placed in the mold.
- Pellet 12 is formed by conventional press molding and sintering technique which are well known in the art.
- the pellet 12 is covered at its cathode end 16 by a tear drop shaped body 44 made of the above identified conductive material.
- Body 44 includes an upper portion 45 which surrounds the front, side and rear walls of the pellet 12 adjacent the cathode end thereof.
- Tear drop shaped body 44 also includes a tear drop point 46 . In some cases there are multiple tear drop points 46 .
- tear drop shaped body 44 on the cathode end 16 of pellet 12 is accomplished by dipping pellet 12 into a reservoir of fluid hardenable conductive material, or alternatively by using a syringe. After application the conductive material is permitted to cure and harden.
- the pellet 12 shown in FIG. 2 is positioned within a molding cavity formed by an upper mold 48 and a lower mold 54 .
- Upper mold 48 includes an upper mold face 50 on its lower surface and a pair of spacing ribs 52 which protrude downwardly therefrom.
- Bottom mold 54 includes a bottom mold face 56 which faces upwardly.
- Cavity side walls 58 , 60 and a cavity bottom wall 62 combine with the upper mold face 50 to form a molding cavity as shown in FIG. 5.
- a pair of L-shaped spacers 64 are positioned with upstanding legs 66 extending along the cavity side walls 58 , 60 and with horizontal legs 70 extending along the cavity bottom wall 62 .
- the upper edges of upstanding legs 66 are each provided with a tapered edge 68 (FIG. 5).
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the pellet 12 positioned within the mold.
- the L-shaped members 64 extend from the cathode end 80 of the cavity toward the anode end 82 of the cavity, and terminate at a point spaced from but adjacent the cathode end 16 of the pellet 12 as can be seen in FIG. 4.
- the ribs 52 of the upper mold 48 extend longitudinally approximately the same distance from the anode end 80 of the cavity.
- a substantially uniform space 72 is formed around all four sides of the pellet 12 .
- the L-shaped pieces 64 and the ribs 52 engage the anode end of the pellet, and specifically engage the tear shaped body 44 to center the pellet 12 within the cavity.
- ribs 52 and the L-shaped members 64 are used to center the pellet 12 within the cavity, other shapes and configurations of projections could accomplish the same result without detracting from the invention.
- the importance of centering the pellet 12 within the cavity is that when the molding process is complete there is a layer of protective material surrounding the pellet, and that layer of protective material is of substantially uniform thickness.
- FIG. 6 shows the completed molded uncut capacitor body designated by the numeral 74 .
- This capacitor body 74 is cut along a cut line 76 to remove a lower body portion 78 and to expose the cathode termination surface 36 that can be engaged by the terminal cap 38 as shown in FIG. 1.
- the removal of the removed body portion 78 can be accomplished by cutting, grinding or other conventionally known means.
- the completed capacitor 10 has a cathode termination surface 36 which is flat and which faces axially away from the cathode end of the pellet. It is also centered with respect to longitudinal axis of the pellet. This centering is accomplished by the molding process which utilizes the projections 52 , 64 to center the pellet and the tear dropped shaped body 44 within the mold cavity.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a prior art capacitor 84 made according to a prior art method for creating the cathode termination.
- the capacitor 84 includes a pellet 86 and an anode wire 88 .
- a protective body 90 is molded around the pellet 86 .
- At the cathode end of the pellet 86 is a conductive adhesive 92 which attaches a silver pin 94 to the pellet 86 .
- a cut is made along cut line 96 and this cut exposes the silver pin 94 to create the cathode termination surface.
- Neither the conductive adhesive 92 nor the silver pin 94 can be used as a means for centering the pellet 86 in the molded body 90 . Without the use of the tear drop shaped body, this process is very difficult to center the pellet 86 in the molded body 90 . Failure to properly center the pellet 86 can result in thin spots or even openings in the protective coating 90 . In contrast the use of the tear drop shaped body 44 and the use of the projections 64 , 52 to center the body within the mold cavity creates a termination which is centered with respect to the longitudinal access of the pellet, and which has a protective coating 28 of uniform thickness around the side wall of pellet 12 .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a capacitor termination and method for making same.
- Presently known techniques for forming a cathode termination on a capacitor often result in off center cathode termination surfaces. These off center terminations can result in inconsistencies in the performance of the capacitors and is undesirable.
- Therefore a primary object of the present invention is the provision of an improved capacitor termination and method for making same which permits the molding of a protective material around the capacitor pellet with a substantially uniform thickness.
- A further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved capacitor termination and method for making same which results in a cathode termination that is centered with respect to the capacitor body.
- A further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved capacitor having a low ESR.
- A further object of the present invention is the provision of an improved capacitor termination and method for making same which is economical, efficient in operation, and simple in operation.
- The foregoing objects may be achieved by a capacitor comprising a capacitor pellet having an anode end a cathode end, a front face, a rear face, first and second opposite sides, and a longitudinal pellet axis extending from the cathode end to the anode end. An anode wire is connected to and in contact with the pellet and extends outwardly from the anode end of the pellet. A quantity of conductive material is in electrical contact with the cathode end of the capacitor pellet. A molded material covers the pellet with a substantially uniform thickness and also covers a portion of the conductive material at the anode end of the pellet. The molded protective material leaves a portion of the conductive material uncovered to create and expose a cathode termination at the cathode end of the pellet. The cathode termination is approximately centered on the longitudinal axis of the pellet and faces axially away from the cathode end of the pellet. A cathode terminal covers and is in electrical contact with the cathode termination.
- The method of the present invention comprises forming a capacitor pellet having a pellet anode end, a pellet cathode end, a pellet front wall, a pellet rear wall, first and second opposite pellet side walls, and a longitudinal axis extending between the pellet anode and cathode ends. an anode wire is connected to and extends from the anode end of the pellet. A fluid conductive material capable of hardening is applied to the cathode end and portions of the pellet front wall, rear wall, first side wall and second side wall adjacent the cathode end of the pellet. The fluid conductive material creates a tear drop shaped conductive body having a tear drop point extending axially away from the cathode end of the pellet. The fluid conductive material is permitted to harden. A protective material is molded around the pellet and the conductive material to form a protective coating. A portion of the tear drop point and the protective coating are then removed to form an exposed cathode termination surface of the conductive body.
- According to another feature of the invention the removing step further comprises forming the cathode termination surface into a flat surface facing axially away from the pellet cathode end.
- According to another feature of the invention the removing step is accomplished by cutting or by grinding the tear drop point.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a capacitor made according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an elevational view showing the pellet, wire, and teardrop body of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a simplified and partial semetric view of the molds used to produce the capacitor of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the pellet positioned within the bottom mold member.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line5-5 of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the molded capacitor before the bottom portion thereof is removed.
- FIG. 7 is a view similar to FIG. 6, but showing a prior art capacitor.
- Referring to FIG. 1 the
numeral 10 generally designates a capacitor made according to the present invention. Capacitor 10 includes apellet 12 having ananode pellet end 14, and acathode pellet end 16. Ananode wire 18 is embedded in and extends from theanode pellet end 14 ofpellet 12.Pellet 12 also includes a pellet front wall 20 (FIG. 5), a pelletrear wall 22, and oppositepellet side walls pellet 12 is aprotective body 28 made of molded material which protects the integrity of thepellet 12. Numerous molding materials have been used, and they are preferably dielectric. However, persons skilled in the art may select a wide variety of protective molded materials without detracting from the invention. The preferred molding compound is manufactured by Dexter Corporation at 211 Franklin Street, Olean, N.Y. 14760, under model number MG 53 F. - The
protective body 28 includes a pair ofopposite side indentations protective body 28 and will be described hereafter. Surrounding the bottom of thepellet 12 is acathode termination 34 made of a conductive material which may be silver, other metals, or conductive epoxy. A wide variety of these conductive materials are available and are used in the industry. The preferred conductive material for use in the present invention is a conductive epoxy sold under the Model No. 61445, by Metech, Inc., having an address of Rt. 401, Box 360, Elverson, Pa. 19520. Thecathode termination 34 includes a downwardly presentedcathode termination surface 36 which engages acathode terminal cap 38 made of conductive material. Cathodecap 38 includescap side walls 40 and acap end wall 42. Thewire 18 provides the anode termination forcapacitor 10. Aconductive anode cap 97 can be provided at the anode end so as to engage thewire 18 and provide an anode terminal forcapacitor 10. - Referring to FIG. 2, the
pellet 12 is shown in its form before being placed in the mold.Pellet 12 is formed by conventional press molding and sintering technique which are well known in the art. Thepellet 12 is covered at itscathode end 16 by a tear drop shapedbody 44 made of the above identified conductive material.Body 44 includes anupper portion 45 which surrounds the front, side and rear walls of thepellet 12 adjacent the cathode end thereof. Tear drop shapedbody 44 also includes atear drop point 46. In some cases there are multipletear drop points 46. - The formation of tear drop shaped
body 44 on thecathode end 16 ofpellet 12 is accomplished by dippingpellet 12 into a reservoir of fluid hardenable conductive material, or alternatively by using a syringe. After application the conductive material is permitted to cure and harden. - The
pellet 12 shown in FIG. 2 is positioned within a molding cavity formed by anupper mold 48 and alower mold 54.Upper mold 48 includes anupper mold face 50 on its lower surface and a pair ofspacing ribs 52 which protrude downwardly therefrom.Bottom mold 54 includes abottom mold face 56 which faces upwardly.Cavity side walls cavity bottom wall 62 combine with theupper mold face 50 to form a molding cavity as shown in FIG. 5. - A pair of L-
shaped spacers 64 are positioned withupstanding legs 66 extending along thecavity side walls horizontal legs 70 extending along thecavity bottom wall 62. The upper edges ofupstanding legs 66 are each provided with a tapered edge 68 (FIG. 5). - FIGS. 4 and 5 show the
pellet 12 positioned within the mold. In this position the L-shapedmembers 64 extend from thecathode end 80 of the cavity toward theanode end 82 of the cavity, and terminate at a point spaced from but adjacent thecathode end 16 of thepellet 12 as can be seen in FIG. 4. Theribs 52 of theupper mold 48 extend longitudinally approximately the same distance from theanode end 80 of the cavity. As can be seen in both FIGS. 4 and 5 a substantiallyuniform space 72 is formed around all four sides of thepellet 12. The L-shapedpieces 64 and theribs 52 engage the anode end of the pellet, and specifically engage the tear shapedbody 44 to center thepellet 12 within the cavity. While theribs 52 and the L-shapedmembers 64 are used to center thepellet 12 within the cavity, other shapes and configurations of projections could accomplish the same result without detracting from the invention. The importance of centering thepellet 12 within the cavity is that when the molding process is complete there is a layer of protective material surrounding the pellet, and that layer of protective material is of substantially uniform thickness. - FIG. 6 shows the completed molded uncut capacitor body designated by the numeral74. This
capacitor body 74 is cut along acut line 76 to remove alower body portion 78 and to expose thecathode termination surface 36 that can be engaged by theterminal cap 38 as shown in FIG. 1. - The removal of the removed
body portion 78 can be accomplished by cutting, grinding or other conventionally known means. - The completed
capacitor 10 has acathode termination surface 36 which is flat and which faces axially away from the cathode end of the pellet. It is also centered with respect to longitudinal axis of the pellet. This centering is accomplished by the molding process which utilizes theprojections body 44 within the mold cavity. - FIG. 7 illustrates a
prior art capacitor 84 made according to a prior art method for creating the cathode termination. Thecapacitor 84 includes apellet 86 and ananode wire 88. Aprotective body 90 is molded around thepellet 86. At the cathode end of thepellet 86 is a conductive adhesive 92 which attaches asilver pin 94 to thepellet 86. A cut is made alongcut line 96 and this cut exposes thesilver pin 94 to create the cathode termination surface. - Neither the conductive adhesive92 nor the
silver pin 94 can be used as a means for centering thepellet 86 in the moldedbody 90. Without the use of the tear drop shaped body, this process is very difficult to center thepellet 86 in the moldedbody 90. Failure to properly center thepellet 86 can result in thin spots or even openings in theprotective coating 90. In contrast the use of the tear drop shapedbody 44 and the use of theprojections protective coating 28 of uniform thickness around the side wall ofpellet 12. - In the drawings and specification there has been set forth a preferred embodiment of the invention, and although specific terms are employed, these are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Changes in the form and the proportion of parts as well as in the substitution of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as further defined in the following claims.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/843,109 US6411499B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-04-25 | Capacitor termination assembly |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/577,745 US6368364B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2000-05-23 | Method for centering capacitor in mold |
US09/843,109 US6411499B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-04-25 | Capacitor termination assembly |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/577,745 Division US6368364B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2000-05-23 | Method for centering capacitor in mold |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010044994A1 true US20010044994A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
US6411499B2 US6411499B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
Family
ID=24309981
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/577,745 Expired - Fee Related US6368364B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2000-05-23 | Method for centering capacitor in mold |
US09/843,109 Expired - Fee Related US6411499B2 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2001-04-25 | Capacitor termination assembly |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/577,745 Expired - Fee Related US6368364B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2000-05-23 | Method for centering capacitor in mold |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6368364B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2001219607A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001091147A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10141354C1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-04-10 | Epcos Ag | Housings for electrical components, in particular capacitors |
KR100917027B1 (en) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-09-10 | 삼성전기주식회사 | Solid electrolytic condenser and method for manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5778129A (en) * | 1980-10-31 | 1982-05-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Method of producing chip shaped solid electrolytic condenser |
US4688322A (en) | 1986-02-06 | 1987-08-25 | Sprague Electric Company | Solid electrolyte chip capacitor method |
US5390074A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1995-02-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Chip-type solid electrolytic capacitor and method of manufacturing the same |
-
2000
- 2000-05-23 US US09/577,745 patent/US6368364B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-05 WO PCT/US2000/040822 patent/WO2001091147A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-09-05 AU AU2001219607A patent/AU2001219607A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2001
- 2001-04-25 US US09/843,109 patent/US6411499B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001219607A1 (en) | 2001-12-03 |
US6411499B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
US6368364B1 (en) | 2002-04-09 |
WO2001091147A1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
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