US20010003529A1 - Semiconductor laser - Google Patents
Semiconductor laser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010003529A1 US20010003529A1 US09/154,244 US15424498A US2001003529A1 US 20010003529 A1 US20010003529 A1 US 20010003529A1 US 15424498 A US15424498 A US 15424498A US 2001003529 A1 US2001003529 A1 US 2001003529A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- ridge
- region
- plane
- semiconductor laser
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/20—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers
- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0233—Mounting configuration of laser chips
- H01S5/0234—Up-side down mountings, e.g. Flip-chip, epi-side down mountings or junction down mountings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0235—Method for mounting laser chips
- H01S5/02355—Fixing laser chips on mounts
- H01S5/0237—Fixing laser chips on mounts by soldering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1003—Waveguide having a modified shape along the axis, e.g. branched, curved, tapered, voids
- H01S5/1014—Tapered waveguide, e.g. spotsize converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1053—Comprising an active region having a varying composition or cross-section in a specific direction
- H01S5/106—Comprising an active region having a varying composition or cross-section in a specific direction varying thickness along the optical axis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
- H01S5/1053—Comprising an active region having a varying composition or cross-section in a specific direction
- H01S5/1064—Comprising an active region having a varying composition or cross-section in a specific direction varying width along the optical axis
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
An active layer is formed on the principal surface of a semiconductor substrate continuously at least from a laser output plane to a laser reflection plane, the active layer being gradually thinned toward the output plane in a region to a certain distance from the output plane toward the reflection plane. A ridge is formed on the active layer, extending from the output plane to the reflection plane and gradually increasing a width toward the output plane in a region to a first distance from the output plane, an upper surface of the ridge in a first region to a second distance from the output plane being set higher than an upper surface of the ridge in a second region other than the first region. A mesa structure is formed on the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate in areas on both sides of the ridge, the mesa structure having an upper surface defining a virtual flat plane at a position flush with or higher than a highest upper surface of the ridge.
Description
- This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 9-252466 filed on Sep. 17, 1997, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- a) Field of the Invention
- The present invention relates to a semiconductor laser, and more particularly to a ridge-type semiconductor laser integrated with a spot size converter.
- In optical fiber communications, a single optical fiber can transmit a large amount of information. It is therefore desired to broaden the application field from current trunk line networks to subscriber networks, to local area networks (LAN) and the like. In order to realize this, a lower initial cost is necessary so that it is desired that optical coupling between an optical semiconductor element in an optical module and an optical fiber is made easy.
- In facilitating optical coupling, a semiconductor laser integrated with a spot size converter has drawn much attention. If the spot size of a laser beam radiated from a semiconductor laser is made large, a high coupling efficiency can be realized without using a lens, and in addition a position alignment margin becomes large so that a work of optical coupling is made simplified.
- b) Description of the Related Art
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a conventional ridge-type semiconductor laser. On a
substrate 100 made of n-type semiconductor material, anactive layer 101 having a quantum well structure, a p-type cladding layer 102, and a p-type contact layer 103 are stacked in this order from the bottom. Theactive layer 101 is gradually thinned toward an output plane (front plane as viewed in FIG. 8) in the nearby area of the output plane. - Two
continuous grooves 105 are formed extending from the output plane to the opposite reflection plane. Thegroove 105 extends from the upper surface of thecontact layer 103 to the lower surface of the p-type cladding layer 102. Aridge 104 is defined between the twogrooves 105. Theridge 104 is gradually broadened toward the output plane in the nearby area of the output plane. - The spot size of light propagating in the
active layer 101 in theridge 104 becomes larger toward the output plane. The broadened area at the output plane of theridge 104 corresponds to an expansion of the spot size. - As the quantum well layer of the
active layer 101 becomes thin, the band gap of the quantum well structure broadens and the nearby area of the output plane of theactive layer 101 becomes transparent relative to an oscillated laser beam. Since current injected into this nearby area does not contribute to laser oscillation, a wasteful power consumption increases. Furthermore, if free carriers are generated in the nearby area of the output plane when current is injected into this nearby area, free carrier absorption occurs to increase a loss of laser beam. It is therefore unnecessary to inject current into this nearby area. - In order to suppress current injection into the nearby area of the output plane of the
active layer 101, thecontact layer 103 in the upper region of theridge 104 in the nearby area of the output plane is removed and the current injection electrode is not formed. - In order to facilitate optical coupling to an optical fiber or the like, a laser chip is mounted on a mount substrate through junction-down with its upper surface directed to the mount substrate. In order to facilitate to mount a laser chip on the mount substrate, a lamination structure having a flat surface and the same height as that of the
ridge 104 is left on both sides of theridge 104. - Since the spot size of a laser beam becomes large in the nearby area of the output plane, the
ridge 104 is formed thick in correspondence with the large spot size. The spot size of a laser beam in the area on the opposite reflection plane side where theactive layer 101 has a uniform thickness, is not so large as that on the output plane side. However, theridge 104 in this area is also formed thick in correspondence with the thickness of theridge 104 in the nearby area of the output plane. - In order to obtain a single lateral mode of light, the width of the
ridge 104 is generally narrowed to about 2 to 3 μm. In contrast with this, its height is set to about 4 to 5 μm so as to match the large spot size. Such an increase in thickness of theridge 104 results in an increase in resistance of the p-type cladding layer 102, and when large current is injected, heat is generated and the laser performance may be degraded. - It is an object of the present invention to provide a ridge type semiconductor laser capable of suppressing an increase in resistance of the upper cladding layer and making easy to mount the laser chip on a mount substrate.
- According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a semiconductor laser comprising: a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type having a principal surface, a laser output plane, and a laser reflection plane opposite to the laser output plane; an active layer formed on the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate continuously at least from the output plane to the reflection plane, the active layer being gradually thinned toward the output plane in a region to a certain distance from the output plane toward the reflection plane; a ridge generally of a ridge shape formed on the active layer and made of semiconductor material, the ridge extending from the output plane to the reflection plane and gradually increasing a width toward the output plane in a region to a first distance from the output plane, an upper surface of the ridge in a first region to a second distance from the output plane being set higher than an upper surface of the ridge in a second region other than the first region, and at least a portion of the second region being of a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type; and a mesa structure formed on the principal surface of the semiconductor substrate in areas on both sides of the ridge, the mesa structure having an upper surface defining a virtual flat plane at a position flush with or higher than a highest upper surface of the ridge.
- The spot size of a laser beam becomes large in the active layer in the nearby area of the output plane where the active layer is made thin. In correspondence with an increase in spot size, the ridge is made wide and thick. In the area where the spot size is small, the ridge is made thin. Current is injected into the active layer from this thin area, an increase in resistance of the ridge can be suppressed. Since the upper surface of a mesa structure is made in contact with a mount substrate, the semiconductor laser can be mounted reliably on the mount substrate.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a semiconductor laser according to a first embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross sectional view of a core layer of the semiconductor laser shown in FIG. 1A.
- FIGS. 2A to2C are perspective views of a unit chip, illustrating a method of manufacturing the semiconductor laser of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the semiconductor laser of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the semiconductor laser of the first embodiment assembled on a mount substrate.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are a cross sectional view and a perspective view of a semiconductor laser according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a semiconductor laser according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a unit chip, illustrating a method of manufacturing a semiconductor chip according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 7B is a perspective view of the semiconductor laser of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a conventional semiconductor laser.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a semiconductor laser according to the first embodiment of the invention. A
core layer 2 is formed on asemiconductor substrate 1 having an output plane OP and a reflection plane RP of a laser beam. A region 2 b of thecore layer 2 on the output plane OP side from a first boundary plane BL1 which is parallel to the output plane OP, is gradually thinned toward the output plane OP, and a region 2 a on the reflection plane RP side has generally a constant thickness. For example, a first distance from the output plane OP to the first boundary plane BL1 is 200 μm and a distance from the first boundary plane BL1 to the reflection plane RP is 300 μm. - The
semiconductor substrate 1 is an n-type InP substrate having a plane (100) and an Sn concentration of about 2×1018 m−3. As shown in FIG. 1B, thecore layer 2 has the structure that a lamination structure (active layer) made of sixInGaAsP barrier layers 200 and fiveInGaAsP well layers 201 alternately stacked upon one another. This lamination structure is sandwiched between two InGaAsP guide layers 202 having a band gap corresponding to a wavelength of 1.1 μm. The InGaAsP barrier layers 200 have a band gap corresponding to a wavelength of 1.1 μm and the InGaAsP well layers 201 have a band gap corresponding to a wavelength of 1.35 μm. - In the region2 a, the thicknesses of the
barrier layer 200, well layer 201, and guidelayer 202 are 10 nm, 6 nm, and 100 nm, respectively. The thicknesses of these layers at the output plane OP are about ⅓those of the layers in the region 2 a. - A
ridge 6 is formed on thecore layer 2 along a direction perpendicular to the output plane OP, extending from the output plane OP to the reflection plane RP. A region of theridge 6 on the output plane OP side from the first boundary plane BL1 is broadened toward the output plane OP, and a region on the reflection plane RP side has generally a uniform width. For example, the uniform width of theridge 6 is about 2 μm and the width at the output plane OP is about 7 μm. - The lower region of the
ridge 6 is constituted of a p-type InP upper cladding layer 3 a having a Zn concentration of about 2×1018 cm−3 and a thickness of about 1.5 μm. Acontact layer 4 a is formed on the upper surface of the upper cladding layer 3 a in an area on the reflection plane RP side from a second boundary plane BL2. For example, a second distance from the output plane OP to the second boundary plane BL2 is 120 μm. Thecontact layer 4 a is made of p-type InGaAs having a Zn concentration of about 1×1019 cm−3 and a thickness of 0.5 μm. - A high resistance layer5 a is formed on the upper surface of the cladding layer 3 a in an area on the output plane OP side from the second boundary plane BL2. The high resistance layer 5 a has a thickness of about 3.5 μm and is made of InP doped with Fe at about 1×1016 cm−3 to increase its resistance. The upper surface of the high resistance layer 5 a is inclined in the partial region on the second boundary plane BL2 side, and becomes continuous with the upper surface of the
contact layer 4 a. - A thickness of the
ridge 6 in the nearby area of the output plane OP is a total thickness of the upper cladding layer 3 a and high resistance layer 5 a, and is about 5.0 μm. Light generated in thecore layer 2 progresses along theridge 6 and is amplified through stimulated emission. The spot size of a laser beam becomes large in the nearby area of the output plane OP where thecore layer 2 is thinned. A total thickness of the upper cladding layer 3 a and high resistance layer 5 a is made sufficiently thick so as not to make a laser beam creep under the substrate. A laser beam with a spot size made larger emits from the output plane OP. - A
mesa structure 8 is formed on the upper surface of theactive layer 2 on both sides of theridge 6, with agroove 7 being formed therebetween. A lower region of themesa structure 8 is constituted of a p-type InP layer 3 b deposited by the same process as that of forming the upper cladding layer 3 a. A region of the mesa structure in the nearby area of thegroove 7 is constituted of a p-type InGaAs layer 4 b deposited on the surface of the p-type InP layer 3 b by the same process as that of forming thecontact layer 4 a. The other region of the mesa structure is constituted of a high resistance InP layer 5 b deposited by the same process as that of forming the high resistance layer 5 a. - An
optical fiber 9 is disposed facing its one end toward the output plane OP. A laser beam emitted from the output plane OP enters theoptical fiber 9. Since the spot size of the laser beam is made large in the nearby area of the output plane OP, optical coupling between the semiconductor laser and optical fiber can be made easy. - Next, a method of manufacturing the semiconductor laser shown in FIG. 1A will be described with reference to FIGS. 2A to2C. Although a unit chip obtained by scribing a semiconductor substrate is shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C, a substrate is separated into unit chips in practice after all wafer processes are completed. In order to make it easy to understand, the description is given by paying attention to a unit chip.
- As shown in FIG. 2A, a
semiconductor substrate 1 is prepared which is made of InP and has an Sn concentration of about 2×1018 cm−3. A front cleavage surface as viewed in FIG. 2A is the output plane OP of a laser beam, and the opposite cleavage surface is the reflection plane RP. Cleavage is performed after the laser structures are formed. - A
core layer 2 is deposited on the principal surface of thesemiconductor substrate 1, by low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (low pressure MOCVD) using a shadow mask. As described earlier, thecore layer 2 has the structure that a lamination structure (active layer) made of six barrier layers, five well layers, and two guide layers. The barrier layers and the well layers are alternately stacked upon one another. This lamination layers are sandwiched between the two guide layers. The barrier layers are constituted of InGaAsP having a band gap corresponding to a wavelength of 1.1 μm. The well layers are constituted of InGaAsP having a band gap corresponding to a wavelength of 1.35 μm. The guide layers are constituted of InGaAsP having a band gap corresponding to a wavelength of 1.1 μm. For example, source materials used for depositing each layer are trimethylindium (TMI), triethylgallium (TEG), arsine (AsH3), and phosphine (PH3), and the substrate temperature during film formation is about 620°C. - With low pressure MOCVD using a shadow mask, a shadow mask is placed over, and spaced by a predetermined distance from, the principal surface of the
semiconductor substrate 1. This shadow mask masks the principal surface of thesemiconductor substrate 1 in the nearby area of the output plane OP, and opens the principal surface in the area on the reflection plane RP side from the first boundary plane BL1. Therefore, the thickness of the core layer 2 a deposited in the area on the reflection plane RP side from the first boundary plane BL1 becomes generally uniform, and the thickness of the core layer 2 b deposited in the nearby area on the output plane OP side from the first boundary plane BL1 is gradually thinned toward the output plane OP. - After the shadow mask is removed, a p-
type InP layer 3 having a thickness of 1.2 μm and a p-type InGaAs layer 4 having a thickness of 0.5 μm are deposited on thecore layer 1 in this order from the bottom. Source materials used for depositing these layers and the substrate temperature are the same as those used for thecore layer 2. Source material for p-type impurities Zn is, for example, dimethylzinc (DMZn). - An SiO2 film is deposited on the surface of the p-
type InGaAs layer 4, and patterned to leave amask pattern 20. Themask pattern 20 exposes a surface area of the p-type InGaAs layer 4 on the output plane OP side from the second boundary plane BL2 spaced by the second distance of 120 μm from the output plane OP and a nearby surface area of the side surfaces (cleavage surfaces other than the output plane OP and reflection plane RP), and covers the other surface area of the p-type InGaAs layer 4. - As shown in FIG. 2B, by using the
mask pattern 20 as a mask, the p-type InGaAs layer 4 is partially etched. For example, theInGaAs layer 4 is etched by reactive ion etching (RIE) using a mixture gas of CH4, H2 and O2. - As shown in FIG. 2C, on the exposed surface of the p-
type InP layer 3, an InP layer having a thickness of 3.5 μm and doped with Fe to make it a high resistance is selectively deposited around themask pattern 20. For example, source material of Fe is ferrocene. Near at the edge of themask pattern 20, the upper surface of the highresistance InP layer 5 is slanted. After the highresistance InP layer 5 is deposited, themask pattern 20 is removed. - Reverting to FIG. 1, the processes after the above processes will be described. A mask pattern of SiO2 having openings corresponding to the
grooves 7 is formed on the highresistance InP layer 5 and p-type InGaAs layer 4. By using this mask pattern as a mask, theInGaAs layer 4, highresistance InP layer 5, and p-type InP layer 3 are etched to form thegrooves 7. In the nearby area of the output plane OP, a lower region of the p-type InP layer 3 is left. Etching these layers is performed by RIE using ethane containing etching gas. In the above manner, theridge 6 is formed. - As will be later described with reference to FIG. 3, after the electrode is formed, the semiconductor wafer is scribed and cleaved to separate it into unit chips. If necessary, the output plane OP may be coated for low-reflection and the reflection plane RP may be coated for high-reflection.
- Of the
ridge 6, the region on the output plane OP side from the second boundary plane BL2 has a lamination structure of the p-type InP upper cladding layer 3 a and high resistance InP layer 5 a, whereas the region on the reflection plane RP side from the second boundary plane BL2 has a lamination structure of the p-type InP upper cladding layer 3 a andInGaAs contact layer 4 a. - The
mesa structure 8 is formed on both sides of theridge 6, with thegroove 7 being interposed therebetween. The highest upper surface of themesa structure 8 has a height same as the highest upper surface of the high resistance layer 5 a. This level plane defines a virtual flat plane parallel to the principal surface of thesemiconductor substrate 1. Since the thickness of thecore layer 2 is gradually thinned in the nearby area of the output plane OP, principally the upper surface of themesa structure 8 is gradually lowered toward the output plane OP. However, a change in the thickness of thecore layer 2 is very small as compared to the thickness of the p-type InP layer 3 and highresistance InP layer 5 deposited on thecore layer 2. Therefore, it can be considered that the highest upper surface of themesa structure 8 is substantially flat. - Of the
ridge 6, the current injection region with thecontact layer 4 a is thinner than the region on the output plane OP side. Therefore, as compared to a conventional ridge having the same thickness over the whole length thereof from the output plane OP to reflection plane RP, the resistance of theembodiment ridge 6 can be lowered. Since the resistance is lowered, heat generation when injection current is made large can be suppressed and the stable operation is ensured. - In the first embodiment described above, the high resistance InP layer5 a is deposited on the upper cladding layer 3 a of the
ridge 6 in the nearby area of the output plane OP. Instead of the high resistance InP layer 5 a, an n-type InP layer may be used. In this case, an inverse bias is applied during operation to the interface between the n-type InP layer and p-type upper cladding layer 3 a. Therefore, current injected to thecore layer 2 in the nearby area of the output plane OP can be suppressed similar to using the high resistance layer. If current injection into this region of thecore layer 2 does not pose any practical problem, a p-type InP layer may be formed instead of the high resistance InP layer 5 a. - Further, in the first embodiment, although the lower region of the p-type
upper cladding layer 3 is partially left on the bottom of thegroove 7 only in the nearby area of the output plane OP, thecore layer 2 may be exposed in this nearby area. A portion of thecladding layer 3 may be left on the bottom over the whole length of the groove from the output plane OP to the reflection plane RP. - Furthermore, in the first embodiment, in the process shown in FIG. 2C, the high
resistance InP layer 5 is deposited by selective growth. Instead of selective growth, the highresistance InP layer 5 may be formed in the following manner. After the process shown in FIG. 2B, themask pattern 20 is removed and a high resistance InP layer is deposited over the whole surface of thesubstrate 1 and patterned to form the highresistance InP layer 5 having the pattern shown in FIG. 2C. - Next, with reference to FIG. 3, the electrode structure of the semiconductor laser of the first embodiment will be described.
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of a plane parallel to the reflection plane RP between the first boundary plane BL1 and reflection plane RP shown in FIG. 1. An SiO2 film 10 having a thickness of about 0.3 μm is formed covering the surfaces of the
ridge 6 andmesa structure 8 and the inner surface of thegrooves 7. Anopening 11 is formed through the SiO2 film 10 in the area corresponding to a partial area of thecontact layer 4 a. Anupper electrode 12 is formed on the SiO2 film 10, theupper electrode 12 having a three-layer structure of Ti, Pt and Au in this order from the bottom. Theupper electrode 12 has an ohmic contact with thecontact layer 4 a at the bottom of theopening 11. - A
lower electrode 13 having a two-layer structure of an AuGe alloy layer and an Au layer is formed on the bottom of thesemiconductor substrate 1. - FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view of the semiconductor laser shown in FIG. 3 mounted on a mount substrate. The
mount substrate 20 is constituted of asilicon substrate 21 and an SiO2 film 22 formed on the surface of thesilicon substrate 21.Interconnect patterns - The semiconductor laser is mounted on the
mount substrate 20, with its upper surface being directed to the mount substrate. Theupper electrode 12 on the highest surface area of themesa structures 8 is connected to theinterconnect pattern 23 through thermocompression bonding. Thelower electrode 13 is connected via alead wire 25 to theinterconnect pattern 24. - The upper surfaces (lower surfaces as in FIG. 4) of the
mesa structures 8 define a virtual flat plane parallel to the principal surface of thesemiconductor substrate 1. Therefore, the semiconductor laser can be reliably mounted on themount substrate 20. Since each layer constituting themesa structure 8 is formed to have a precise thickness through MOCVD, thecore layer 2 can be aligned highly precisely along a height direction relative to themount substrate 20. Also in the in-plane direction, high position alignment is possible by using a position alignment mark formed on the surface of themount substrate 20. - A V-groove is formed in an unrepresented region of the
mount substrate 20 in order to place an optical fiber at a correct position. If the V-groove is formed with highly precise in-plane position and depth, the optical fiber and semiconductor laser can be positioned with high precision. Therefore, without using optical coupling evaluation light, highly reliable position alignment is possible relying upon only mechanical precision. - In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the upper surface of the
mesa structure 8 is flush with the upper surface of the high resistance layer 5 a. Even if the upper surface of themesa structure 8 is higher than the upper surface of the high resistance layer 5 a, the semiconductor laser can be reliably mounted on a mount substrate. - Next, the second embodiment of the invention will be described.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are a cross sectional view and a perspective view showing a semiconductor laser according to the second embodiment. In the first embodiment, the
grooves 7 shown in FIG. 1A are formed by anisotropic RIE after the process shown in FIG. 2C. The side wall of theridge 6 is therefore generally vertical to the principal surface of thesemiconductor substrate 1. In the second embodiment, thegrooves 7 are formed by wet etching using HBr containing etchant. Theridge 6 has therefore an inverse mesa structure shown in FIG. 5A. The side wall of thegroove 7 has a plane (111)A. In other words, the width of a cross section of theridge 6 parallel to the output plane OP is gradually broadened as the distance from thecore layer 2 becomes longer. - With the inverse mesa structure of the
ridge 6, a contact area between theupper electrode 12 andcontact layer 4 a becomes large so that the resistance of theridge 6 can be lowered. - Consider now that the
grooves 7 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1A are formed by isotropic etching. In the region of theridge 6 on the reflection plane RP side from the second boundary plane BL2, the p-type InP upper cladding layer 3 a is covered with theInGaAs contact layer 4 a, whereas in the other region the upper surface of the high resistance InP layer 5 a is directly covered with the mask pattern of SiO2. Since the compositions of the materials under the mask pattern are different in these two regions, side etching speeds are different. Therefore, the side walls of theridge 6 at the second boundary plane BL2 may not smoothly couple together. - In order to avoid this, it is preferable that as shown in FIG. 5B, an
InGaAs layer 15 is formed also on the upper surface of the high resistance InP layer 5 a. TheInGaAs layer 15 is deposited following the deposition of the highresistance InP layer 5 in the process shown in FIG. 2C. TheInGaAs layer 15 is deposited also on the upper surfaces of themesa structures 8. - Next, the third embodiment of the invention will be described.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a semiconductor laser according to the third embodiment. In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1A, the region of the
ridge 6 on the output plane OP side from the second boundary plane BL2 is a lamination of the p-type InP upper cladding layer 3 a and high resistance InP layer 5 a. - In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the region of the
ridge 6 on the output plane OP side from the second boundary plane BL2 is made of only the high resistance InP layer 5 a. This structure is formed, in the process of FIG. 2B of the first embodiment, by etching theInP layer 3 following the etching of theInGaAs layer 4 by using themask pattern 20 as a mask. - The whole region of the
ridge 6 near the output plane OP is made of the high resistance layer so that current injected into thecore layer 2 just under this region can be suppressed further. - Next, the fourth embodiment of the invention will be described.
- In the first embodiment, the
core layer 2 is deposited by using the shadow mask in the process shown in FIG. 2A to thereby change the thickness of thecore layer 2. In the fourth embodiment, the thickness of thecore layer 2 is changed gradually by selective growth using a mask pattern. - FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a semiconductor substrate before the
core layer 2 is deposited. Amask pattern 30 of SiO2 is formed on the principal surface of thesemiconductor substrate 1. Thismask pattern 30 exposes anarea 31 of the principal surface to some distance from the output plane OP and anarea 32 where theridge 6 is formed, and covers the other areas. - When the
core layer 2 is deposited on this substrate, the growth speed in thearea 32 surrounded by themask pattern 30 is fast, and the growth speed is lowered toward the output plane OP. Therefore, the thickness of thecore layer 2 is gradually thinned toward the output plane OP in the nearby area of the output plane OP where theridge 6 is formed. The first boundary plane BL1 between the region where the thickness of thecore layer 2 is uniform and the region where the thickness is gradually thinned, shifts slightly toward the reflection plane RP from the edge of themask pattern 30 on the output plane OP side. The first boundary plane BL1 can be set to a desired position by forming themask pattern 30 taking into consideration the position shift between the first boundary plane BL1 and the edge of themask pattern 30 on the output plane OP side. - After the
core layer 2 is deposited, themask pattern 30 is removed. The succeeding processes are similar to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C. - FIG. 7B is a perspective view of a semiconductor laser according to the fourth embodiment. In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
core layer 2 appears on the side surface of thesemiconductor substrate 1, continuously from the output plane OP to reflection plane RP. In the fourth embodiment, thecore layer 2 appears on the side surfaces of thesemiconductor substrate 1, from the output plane OP to the edge of themask pattern 30 shown in FIG. 7A on the output plane OP side. In this manner, the thickness of thecore layer 2 can be changed gradually through selective growth using themask pattern 30. - The present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments. The invention is not limited only to the above embodiments. It is apparent that various modifications, improvements, combinations, and the like can be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (18)
1. A semiconductor laser comprising:
a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type having a principal surface, a laser output plane, and a laser reflection plane opposite to the laser output plane;
an active layer formed on the principal surface of said semiconductor substrate continuously at least from the output plane to the reflection plane, said active layer being gradually thinned toward the output plane in a region to a certain distance from the output plane toward the reflection plane;
a ridge generally of a ridge shape formed on said active layer and made of semiconductor material, said ridge extending from the output plane to the reflection plane and gradually increasing a width toward the output plane in a region to a first distance from the output plane, an upper surface of said ridge in a first region to a second distance from the output plane being set higher than an upper surface of said ridge in a second region other than the first region, and at least a portion of the second region being of a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type; and
a mesa structure formed on the principal surface of said semiconductor substrate in areas on both sides of said ridge, said mesa structure having an upper surface defining a virtual flat plane at a position flush with or higher than a highest upper surface of said ridge.
2. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein the first region and said mesa structure are made of a layer formed by a same process.
claim 1
3. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein a lower layer of said ridge is a cladding layer made of semiconductor material of the second conductivity type, and the first region includes the cladding layer and a high resistance layer formed on the cladding layer and having a resistance higher than the cladding layer or a semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type formed on the cladding layer.
claim 1
4. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein the first region is made of semiconductor material having a resistance higher than the second region.
claim 1
5. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein a width of a cross section, parallel to the output plane, of said ridge is gradually broadened as a distance from said active layer becomes longer.
claim 1
6. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein the first region and the second region each have a lamination structure, a highest upper layer of the lamination structure being made of semiconductor material having a same composition, and the highest upper layer having an etching resistance different from a layer under the highest upper layer.
claim 1
7. A semiconductor laser according to , further comprising:
claim 1
an insulating film covering continuously from an upper surface of said mesa structure to an upper surface of said ridge and having an opening in an area corresponding to at least a partial upper surface of the second region of said ridge; and
a conductive film formed on at least a partial upper surface of said insulating film and extending to an upper surface of said mesa structure, said conductive film being electrically connected to said ridge in an area where said opening of said insulating film is formed.
8. A semiconductor laser according to , further comprising:
claim 7
a mount substrate having a plurality of interconnect patterns formed on a surface of said mount substrate, one interconnect pattern being in contact with said conductive film in an upper surface area of said mesa structure; and
a lead wire electrically connecting said semiconductor substrate to another interconnect pattern on the surface of said mount substrate.
9. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein a lower layer of said ridge is a cladding layer made of semiconductor material of the second conductivity type, and the first region includes the cladding layer and a high resistance layer formed on the cladding layer and having a resistance higher than the cladding layer or a semiconductor layer of the first conductivity type formed on the cladding layer.
claim 2
10. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein the first region is made of semiconductor material having a resistance higher than the second region.
claim 2
11. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein a width of a cross section, parallel to the output plane, of said ridge is gradually broadened as a distance from said active layer becomes longer.
claim 3
12. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein a width of a cross section, parallel to the output plane, of said ridge is gradually broadened as a distance from said active layer becomes longer.
claim 4
13. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein the first region and the second region each have a lamination structure, a highest upper layer of the lamination structure being made of semiconductor material having a same composition, and the highest upper layer having an etching resistance different from a layer under the highest upper layer.
claim 3
14. A semiconductor laser according to , wherein the first region and the second region each have a lamination structure, a highest upper layer of the lamination structure being made of semiconductor material having a same composition, and the highest upper layer having an etching resistance different from a layer under the highest upper layer.
claim 4
15. A semiconductor laser according to , further comprising:
claim 3
an insulating film covering continuously from an upper surface of said mesa structure to an upper surface of said ridge and having an opening in an area corresponding to at least a partial upper surface of the second region of said ridge; and
a conductive film formed on at least a partial upper surface of said insulating film and extending to an upper surface of said mesa structure, said conductive film being electrically connected to said ridge in an area where said opening of said insulating film is formed.
16. A semiconductor laser according to , further comprising:
claim 4
an insulating film covering continuously from an upper surface of said mesa structure to an upper surface of said ridge and having an opening in an area corresponding to at least a partial upper surface of the second region of said ridge; and
a conductive film formed on at least a partial upper surface of said insulating film and extending to an upper surface of said mesa structure, said conductive film being electrically connected to said ridge in an area where said opening of said insulating film is formed.
17. A semiconductor laser according to , further comprising:
claim 3
a mount substrate having a plurality of interconnect patterns formed on a surface of said mount substrate, one interconnect pattern being in contact with said conductive film in an upper surface area of said mesa structure; and
a lead wire electrically connecting said semiconductor substrate to another interconnect pattern on the surface of said mount substrate.
18. A semiconductor laser according to , further comprising:
claim 4
a mount substrate having a plurality of interconnect patterns formed on a surface of said mount substrate, one interconnect pattern being in contact with said conductive film in an upper surface area of said mesa structure; and
a lead wire electrically connecting said semiconductor substrate to another interconnect pattern on the surface of said mount substrate.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP9-252466 | 1997-09-17 | ||
JPHEI9--252466 | 1997-09-17 | ||
JP9252466A JPH1197789A (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1997-09-17 | Semiconductor laser |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20010003529A1 true US20010003529A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
US6343087B2 US6343087B2 (en) | 2002-01-29 |
Family
ID=17237783
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/154,244 Expired - Fee Related US6343087B2 (en) | 1997-09-17 | 1998-09-16 | Semiconductor laser |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6343087B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH1197789A (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3566107B2 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2004-09-15 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Optical communication module |
JP2002171021A (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-14 | Toshiba Corp | Semiconductor laser, manufacturing method for the semiconductor laser, and mounting method |
KR100602973B1 (en) * | 2003-10-30 | 2006-07-20 | 한국과학기술연구원 | Single mode laser diode using strain compensated multi-quantum-wells and method for manufacturing the same |
US7262498B2 (en) * | 2004-10-19 | 2007-08-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Assembly with a ring and bonding pads formed of a same material on a substrate |
JP4925118B2 (en) * | 2007-06-12 | 2012-04-25 | シャープ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of semiconductor laser device |
JP2010267871A (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-25 | Sony Corp | Semiconductor laser, and method of manufacturing the same |
KR101038264B1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2011-06-01 | (주)엠이엘 | Wavelength Tunable External Cavity Semiconductor Laser Module |
JP6018533B2 (en) * | 2013-04-04 | 2016-11-02 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | High-speed, high-temperature directly modulated laser and method for manufacturing the same |
JP6173994B2 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2017-08-02 | ウシオオプトセミコンダクター株式会社 | Optical semiconductor device |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0452801B1 (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1996-11-27 | Fujitsu Limited | Semiconductor device having light receiving element and method of producing the same |
US5821627A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1998-10-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Electronic circuit device |
JPH0846295A (en) | 1994-07-26 | 1996-02-16 | Fujitsu Ltd | Optical semiconductor device and manufacture thereof |
JPH0964334A (en) * | 1995-08-28 | 1997-03-07 | Toshiba Corp | Integrated element of light emitting element and external modulator |
US5838703A (en) * | 1996-09-30 | 1998-11-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Semiconductor laser package with power monitoring system and optical element |
JPH11112081A (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 1999-04-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Semiconductor laser and manufacture thereof |
-
1997
- 1997-09-17 JP JP9252466A patent/JPH1197789A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-09-16 US US09/154,244 patent/US6343087B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH1197789A (en) | 1999-04-09 |
US6343087B2 (en) | 2002-01-29 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5684902A (en) | Semiconductor laser module | |
US6593602B2 (en) | Edge emission type semiconductor device for emitting super luminescent light, its manufacture and spatial optical communication device | |
US7972879B2 (en) | Multi-level integrated photonic devices | |
US20030210721A1 (en) | Semiconductor optical device | |
US6343087B2 (en) | Semiconductor laser | |
JP2003229635A (en) | Semiconductor optical integrated element | |
US5763287A (en) | Method of fabricating semiconductor optical device | |
JPS5940592A (en) | Semiconductor laser element | |
JP5314435B2 (en) | Integrated optical device and manufacturing method thereof | |
EP1225670B1 (en) | Semiconductor device with current confinement structure | |
US5346854A (en) | Method of making a semiconductor laser | |
US6931041B2 (en) | Integrated semiconductor laser device and method of manufacture thereof | |
JPH0797661B2 (en) | Light emitting diode and manufacturing method thereof | |
JP3566107B2 (en) | Optical communication module | |
JPH09237940A (en) | Semiconductor device and manufacture thereof | |
JP3683416B2 (en) | Super luminescent diode | |
JPH11145558A (en) | Semiconductor optical element, transmitting-receiving module, and optical communication system | |
JP4164248B2 (en) | Semiconductor element, manufacturing method thereof, and semiconductor optical device | |
US20060222032A1 (en) | Optical semiconductor element, method of manufacturing optical semiconductor element and optical module | |
JP2542570B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing optical integrated device | |
JP2003234533A (en) | Semiconductor optical integrated element | |
EP0713275B1 (en) | Method for fabricating a semiconductor laser diode | |
KR20050073025A (en) | Semiconductor laser device and method for fabricating the same | |
JPH1126801A (en) | Manufacture of semiconductor photo detector | |
JP2000101186A (en) | Semiconductor optical element |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: FUJITSU LIMITED, JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:YAMAMOTO, TSUYOSHI;REEL/FRAME:009470/0557 Effective date: 19980828 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20100129 |