US2000047A - Process of making artificial silk - Google Patents

Process of making artificial silk Download PDF

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Publication number
US2000047A
US2000047A US560191A US56019131A US2000047A US 2000047 A US2000047 A US 2000047A US 560191 A US560191 A US 560191A US 56019131 A US56019131 A US 56019131A US 2000047 A US2000047 A US 2000047A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
spinning
temperature
cabinet
filaments
solution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US560191A
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English (en)
Inventor
Herbert G Stone
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to FR742698D priority Critical patent/FR742698A/fr
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US560191A priority patent/US2000047A/en
Priority to GB24119/32A priority patent/GB407024A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2000047A publication Critical patent/US2000047A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
    • D01F2/30—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate by the dry spinning process

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the evaporative spinning of artificial silk from solutions of organic derivatives of cellulose in volatile solvents, in which the solution is projected from a 5 higher to a lower temperature in the formin of the filament.
  • round threads present less exterior surface than threads of elliptical crosssection, a smaller proportion of the cellulose derivative will be exposed to surrounding influences which might deteriorate the exposed portion of the thread, than would be the case with threads :01 a flattened nature. Round threads also present distinct advantages in weaving.
  • the filaments produced by my process possess other desirable characteristics such for example as strength or tenacity and ability to stretch, without breaking, which 0 characteristics are regarded as valuable in yarns of this character.
  • My process is eminently suited for the production of filaments of artificial silk from solutions in which cellulose acetate is dissolved in ethylene chloride at elevated temperatures such as is disclosed and claimed in the Staud and Minsk'application Serial No. 553,698. 30
  • Figure 1 is aside elevation of a unit of a spinning machine which may be employed in 35 producing artificial silk according to my process.
  • Figure 2 is a section at right angles to the view shown in Figure 1, taken along the line 2-2 of that figure.
  • the pipe or manifold l supplies the solution or dope of the cellulose derivative to the filamenting apparatus by means of the valve 2 and the pump 3.
  • the dope or solution passes thru a candle filter 4 which is enclosed by a chamber 5 so as to segregate this portion of the spinning apparatus from the balance of the cabinet so that a zone of elevated temperature may be maintained independent of the temperatures of
  • the walls of the chamber 5 may be of any suitable heat-insulating material and obviously, other things being equal, the less susceptible a material is to the conduction of heat the more suitable it is to be employed partly or wholly in the construction of the walls of chamber 5. r
  • coils 6 are provided in the chamber 5 for the passage of a hot liquid such as water or steam to heat the chamber 5 and the candle filter i.
  • a hot liquid such as water or steam
  • a liquid may be placed in the chamber 5, surrounding the candle filter 4 and the coils 6 to facilitate the uniform transmission of heat from the coils to the filter and the uniform maintenance of temperature.
  • Other well known heating means such as by electrical heating coils, or the like, may be employed instead of the heating coils shownin the drawing; however, heating by means of a flame such as of gas is unsuitable due to the infiammability of the volatile solvents usually employed in silk spinning and due to the dimculty of regulating the temperature of the filter when direct open flame heating is employed;
  • the candle filters is connected with a spinnerette T to form the dope as it comes from the candle filter into filaments of a desired size and deliver them into the evaporative atmosphere present in the spinning cabinet 9.
  • the cabinet 9 is provided with an air inlet 9 at its lower end in which is located a steam pipe I8 with heat dissipating fins 5?, which heats the incoming air.
  • the solvent laden air in the upper portion of the cabinet may be removed thru the outlet 8 which leads to a solvent recovery apparatus, the outlet 8 being preferably located a little below the top of the spinning cabinet.
  • the solvent evaporates from the formed filaments, so that they set quickly, leaving threads of artificial silk.
  • the thread passes over the guide roll i l (or ii desired a fixed guide may be employed) and out of a small aperture in the cabinet to the draw roll I2, from whence it is conducted to the spinning pot or bobbin i5, through the guide is to assure uniform winding of the thread.
  • the bobbin may be rotated by means of a motor or a belt which may also be employed for reciprocating the guide [4 in any suitable manner desired.
  • the height of the spinning cabinet thru which an evaporative current of heated air is passed may be varied according to the judgment ofthe individual operator.
  • a longer cabinet will take up more space and will usually be more expensive to install than a shorter cabinet but, on the other hand a spinning cabinet of greater height will allow more lineal speed in filamenting than one of less length.
  • a spinning cabinet having a length of 12-18 .feet which is commonly employed in spinning artificial silk will be preferred for most purposes and will be found quite satisfactory and of large capacity.
  • Spinning chambers '12 it. high allow a spinning speed of about 180 meters per minute with an acetone solution of cellulose acetate. However if longer spinning chambers should be desired, obviously they mayv be employed, the length of the chambers above about 12 it.
  • the spinning speed may be increased as the formed filament may travel faster in a longer cabinet and still be under treatment for the same amount of time as if the filament were travelling slower in a shorter cabinet. For instance if the length of the cabinet is 24 it, a spinning speed of 240-300 meters per minute may be employed with an acetone solution of cellulose acetate.
  • the freshly formed filaments be under some tension.
  • This stretch spinning may be accomplished by rotating the draw roll I 2 at a circumferential speed which is greater than extrusion speed at the nozzle for instance from 1.5 times to 2 times greater. For example if the extrusion speed of the spinneret is 180 meters per minute, then a draw roll of about 8 c. m. diameter may be rotated at a rate of about 1,300 B. P. M. to accomplish stretch spinning
  • My process comprises the maintenance of the temperature of the candle filter or if no filter is employed of the pipe or passage immediately before the spinneret at a temperature substantially above that which is present in the spinning cabinet.
  • Example I A 20-25% solution of the ordinary commercially available hydrolyzed cellulose acetate was made up using acetone as the solvent. The solution was well filtered and pumped through the candle filter 4, located as shown in the drawing at the top of the spinning cabinet which was about 12 ft. high. Thecandle filter was maintained at a temperature of 65 C. by means of the heating coils 6. The acetone solution of cellulose acetate was forced out thru the spinneret 1 into the spinning cabinet thru which a current of air is passed at the rate of about 20 cu. ft. per minute for the forming of thread of denier. The current of air entering at the bottom of the cabinet after passing over the heating fins I! had a temperature of about 56 C. and the withdrawal temperature of the air near the top of the cabinet was approximately 48 C.
  • the draw roll E2 was rotated at a circumferential speed of about 1.8 times the rate of extrusion of the solution thru the spinneret.
  • a cellulose acetate silk of 150 denier and uniform, round cross section resulted and was wound on the bobbin l5 by means of the apparatus shown.
  • Example 11 A cellulose acetate-propionate having a propionyl content of about 20% was dissolved in acetone to form about a 26% solution. This solution had a viscosity of 232 seconds and.
  • the temperature of the candle filter may also be lower than given in the above example and conversely when the air in the spinning cabinet is at a higher temperature, the candle filter mustbe maintained above the temperature of the spinning cabinet according to my invention. Temperature will naturally be varied in the carrying out of my invention according to the conditions of each individual example.
  • temperatures need not necessarily be as high for successful spinning as with the less volatile solvents, the volatility of the solvent employed being one of the determining factors in the temperatures to be employed.
  • volatility of the solvent employed being one of the determining factors in the temperatures to be employed.
  • the variation of temperatures in my invention is a matter of technique and it may be regulated as desired by individuals skilled in the silk spinning art.
  • candle filter temperatures above 60 C. will be employed in the carrying out of my invention and in the majority of cases a candle filter temperature of 60-70 C. will be satisfactory.
  • the heated air introduced at the bottom of the chamber will be from about 50-S0 C. nevertheless when this air has passed thru a spinning cabinet especially of the narrow variety such as most of them are, it will have lost several degrees of heat by dissipation thru the walls of the cabinet and by evaporation of the cellulose derivative solvent so that at the top of the cabinet it will have a temperature of from about 5-l0 C. less than at the bottom of the cabinet.
  • the cellulose derivative solution upon filamenting under those conditions will pass from a higher temperature to the lower temperature which is present at the top of the spinning cabinet.
  • the chamber containing the candle filter is thoroughly insulated from the spinning cabinet there will be no appreciable interchange of heat so that the differenoe in temperature between the top of the spinning cabinet and the candle filter will be maintained.
  • the process of making artificial silk by the dry spinning method which comprises passing a heated solution of cellulose acetate in a volatile solvent through a spinneret, whereby the filaments are formed, conducting the filaments through a zone of substantially immobile evaporative medium and then through a current of evaporative medium having a temperature of from 40-60 C., said solution being heated to a temperature of approximately 65 C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US560191A 1931-08-29 1931-08-29 Process of making artificial silk Expired - Lifetime US2000047A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR742698D FR742698A (ro) 1931-08-29
US560191A US2000047A (en) 1931-08-29 1931-08-29 Process of making artificial silk
GB24119/32A GB407024A (en) 1931-08-29 1932-08-29 Improvements in the manufacture of artificial silk

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US560191A US2000047A (en) 1931-08-29 1931-08-29 Process of making artificial silk

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2000047A true US2000047A (en) 1935-05-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US560191A Expired - Lifetime US2000047A (en) 1931-08-29 1931-08-29 Process of making artificial silk

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2000047A (ro)
FR (1) FR742698A (ro)
GB (1) GB407024A (ro)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2829027A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Dry spinning process for making y-shaped filaments
DE1149488B (de) * 1956-11-07 1963-05-30 Eastman Kodak Co Verfahren und Spinnduese zum Herstellen von Celluloseesterfaeden mit ú†-foermigem Querschnitt
DE1180883B (de) * 1954-05-11 1964-11-05 Eastman Kodak Co Celluloseesterfaden oder -faser und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE1275428B (de) * 1960-06-17 1968-08-14 Eastman Kodak Co Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tabakrauchfilterelementen

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2829027A (en) * 1953-12-28 1958-04-01 Eastman Kodak Co Dry spinning process for making y-shaped filaments
DE1180883B (de) * 1954-05-11 1964-11-05 Eastman Kodak Co Celluloseesterfaden oder -faser und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE1149488B (de) * 1956-11-07 1963-05-30 Eastman Kodak Co Verfahren und Spinnduese zum Herstellen von Celluloseesterfaeden mit ú†-foermigem Querschnitt
DE1275428B (de) * 1960-06-17 1968-08-14 Eastman Kodak Co Verfahren zur Herstellung von Tabakrauchfilterelementen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB407024A (en) 1934-02-28
FR742698A (ro) 1933-03-13

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