US1986416A - Valve operating mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Jal l. l, 1935. HANZLIK 1,986,416 V VALVE OPERATING MECHANISM Filed March 21, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet l IILII] WITNESSES: 1 INVENTOR 6- 3 HENRY J. HRNZLIK.

BY 7 I /,M

ATTORNEY 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 1, 1935. H. J. HANZLIK a VALVE OPERATING MECHANISM Filed March 21. 1934 L R v 2 0 K E o T H mm G a 5 4 m Z o I 9 a 6 v N a T m F u a f m a m 2 H 1 i I HHWH w W. Y .IIII W 7 1. :5 .q H 2 i i MWM WHWMWMW m W M M 11! .q. i a T A 5| 11 n W 3 6 =2 7 3/ =3 F K a E a M I] A H 4 6 l 4 5 ll 4 an m M a M WITNESSES Jan. 1, 1935. H. J HANZLIK VALVE OPERATING MECHANISM Filed March 21, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 SPESD 0F SHIP AREA or VALVE Passes:

Ei MO Ia -k EQUFW SPEED OF SHIP F'l & 5

BSTERN TURBINE OR VALVE LIFT.

F IG

RD TURBINE SECTION SECTION INVENTOR HENRY J.Hm-;z1.n

WITNESSES (Md-5 v Q, rs. M ATTORNEY l 1 im n ion: relates I to evolve operating Patented Jan. 1, 1935 Pennsylvania 5 f Applieation Marathi; 1ssii 1 1u-i #1133 p com (01. 60-97) anism for controlling elastic fluid -pri ne moyers, and .itw has for 'a broad' object to-r provide, apparatnsof lthisicharacter; which is of improved. oonstructiomis compact, and is simple; H

-Aocording {to one aspect-of. my invention, -.I Providers valve operating mechanism which is espeoially adapted to control an elastic fluid pnime amover of the 'type having both ahead and aster-n sections; sorte -control two separate .prin e movers, wherein one; is used for ahead operation and theotherforp-astern operation,- The im proved I mechanismvcomprises a single -=control element whiehamay be tmoved to. .efieet either ahead or-n-astern operationaskdesiredw 1 According to-a-nother aspect of my; invention, 1 provide a control mechanism ion elastic; fluid primermowers: used for the propulsion of 'ship's wherein equal-incrementsof movement on controlelement provide I equal changes in the speed. ofg-theship V I These and other objects will be effected bylmy invent-ionaswill. be apparentrfrom the following descriptionand-claims taken in, connection with the accompanyingndrawingsgforming a part of this application in which: I i

I Fig. .1 isa sideelevat'ion showing my-invention applied to an elastic fluid turbine "havin aheadandastern sections; N i l Fig. 2 is an. enlarged .vertical; section through one of .the valvesamigits' operating relay shown in 'Fig ly r s Fig.3 is a diagrammatic view showingfthe shape. of .thencarnusedrin'therelays which trans mitsltheiorce applied b'y'th'e control membefto the relayandthemainlsteam valve; L1 Fig, 4 is aplan View on aredu'ced s'caleshow in theturbine of Fig'il'as drivingja ship's propeller ithioughla reduction gear unitj'f v .t "Fig; ,5 isa' graph howing the amount of steam now required; forthe' speed. rangeof a ship;,'

Fig. 6 is a graphshowingthe amountof valve lift required for securing the1range ofsteam flow or. horsepower in the cQnVentionaLtype of plug p p t v v 4" I Fig; 7 a graph showing thexamountpfivalve lift Trequired ior' thej'speed rangegof "fa. ship whei ei nia steam valve ofrthe conventional plug t ypciils usedf l f H w Figlfi is'a View similantdFig. .1 showingva modified form .of valve operating .rnechanism.

Referring now. in detail to, theconstruc-tion illustrated, and particularly to Figs; 1 to 1 -7,' inelusive,- it gwillbenobserved that I shown my inv nt e rc d t a te m m i wi him-4 having! anxahe ii astern section 12, ancl ineluding n sha-ft 1&whieh connected hymn suitable -lcouplingcial4 i to Ha regiuction gear unitT-M, and'theiatter in tu'r n 'Wn ectegl to ax, shaft-l6 rofizavship ipropeilei 1? ,iecel iesz ,fl 14);-r=;-; I Astemnv pipe 18- seryes: toconvey motive steaim Hsection lenti an ms w ndqs conmconduits19- and: 20: and-the 4 latter;are eonnectedprrespectivelyi ito. 'the ahead and ste tn sections-11 QJLd ll First iandsecond steam :valves: zli and: 2-2: are; disposed- :in' the con c ses a ddfl res ectivelyr ndrserve to re ulate the flow of steam-7 o the aheadzanmasteni seotions The-valves 1+ and 22; aremper'ated respectively by vfirstq amt second sil -operated relays zii and24 1 1 M 4s the y ponstruetion 0f the steam yalve :2 and oil-operated relay ,23 {the same as the steenn valveyflz endwitsioil operated relay 24,

ra v gland-ther by ZMsee: Fig; 2):}. .n 1' p l Stile-rel ve 2 1' is; within-a. valve? casing 25 nd: iap m d dwm o D flti &r-Stcm'526 which extends exteriorly of the casing 25-jandxis ansom-w :O P ne TZ-- w th nkonem in reagen theflrelay23r order to prevent fires paused; byioil-leaking fromthe relay onto-the hot steain pipes, the rela 2?- i disposed beneath the "I ave-shown in yzletai and will describe ionlytthe v casing-. 25 and is connected thereto by l ciewedatipncncml a szi ed-a fiq, in oih l relay-r23 andds weldemat its other endgto the valve-casing 25.

A :jIhe relayg23 -includes- :a ,-secondary;ele!nent "3 1 operatively; connected-tothe steam: valve 21, as

will presentlyqappear; lanvdpis movable in response to: an goperating force; fOlj example,- oil Y under pressure, for opening and closing thewalve'The .relay'aalsokincludes a primary element=32 movyable :tou control lthe application" of the operating force itoi the secondai'yfelement $1; and a followup: lever 33; one purposewswhicn is to'qeturn the: mmary eiemem 1 to neutralposition=fupon movenie tion:

end. of the cylinder is 34 andfthe piston and wa va ti e s tpston' o e me of t e operating oil" an d- .in;a direction to close the gsteam valve. ;,A passagexw serves to convey th operating oil under pressure toand from the lower end of the cylinder.

The primary element 32 comprises a cylinder and a pilot valve 41. The cylinder 40 is provided with spaced- annular ports 42, 43, 44, 45, and 46. The port 42 is in communication with the passage 37, iThe port 43,is in communication with a pipe- 47 which provides jope'i ating oil under pressure from any suitable source (not shown). The port 44 communicates through; an-

opening 48 in the upper end of the operating cylinder with an opening 49 in-the -cylinde'r and a pipe 50 connected to any suitable place of discharge. The port 45 is connected to a pipe-5L1 which serves to convey governing .oil under pressure from a governor pump 52 of the impeller type driven by theturbine shaft 13.. The port 46 serves to conduct leakageoil tothe cylinder 34 and drainage pipe 50. 5

The pilot valve 41 fits within the oyiiiidoi 40 and comprisesavalve portion 55 and a pusher or tappet portion 56 connected to the valve portion bymeans of a tension spring 57 'anda 'rocl 58, which latter serves -to hold-apart thev'alve portion 55 and 'pusher'portion 56 and thereby provide for an initial tension on' the spring 57. The rod 58- abuts at itsupper end the pusher portion 56 and the lower end thereof is screw- Y threaded and extendsthrough-a"screw threaded opening '59 in the-endof 'thevalve portion 55-. The amount of initial tension "on the spring 57 may be varied-"by screwing the rod -58 inwardly'oroutwardlyfas'desired. Y p

The valve portion 55 is provided with two spaced annular recesses 60 and 61 separated by a piston portion 62. The piston portion 62 serves to blankoff the port 42 and *pas's'age' 37 leading to the operating 'cylinder, when the pilot valve is'inits neutral or cut ofi position." When the pilot valve is moved upwardly fromthe position shown in Fig.- 2, the recess 60- connects the ports 43 and 42 and the operating oil under pressure will flow-from thepipe 47 through the ports 43 and 42 and passage37 to'the lower end of the cylinder '34. The oil under pressure will enert a force against the lower side of the piston 35 sufiicient to'move' the" piston upwardly against the spring 36 and open'the steam valve '21. When the pilot valve is-moved downwardly from -44, opening"48, and upper por'tion of'thecylinder 34-Ito the discharge opening 49 and-pipe 50,

thereby permitting the 1 spring-36 fto'move the 'piston 35 downwardly'ina direction torclo'se the steam'valve I The follow-up lever 33 has 'formed'there'on a longitudinally disposed curved slot 64 including an effective cam portion. 65 and anineffective portion 66,- the purpose of-which will presently appean; A fulcrumelement 67;is:movable' i-n the S10t': 64 and is carried by the outer end; ofa lever a'rm 68, the other end of the latter being fixed to a rotatable shaft69 carried bythe icylinder 34 of the secondary i elementfi One end of the i followgp lever] is pivotally connected by a pin 70 tojthe'fuppjer end of the pusher element 56 of the pilot 'va lve. The other en'dof the' follow-up lever ispivotally connectedto' the coupling 27. This "latter/pivotal connection/coinpr ises a roller 71 mounted on a pin '72 carried by the lever 33 and engagingan annular flange 13 on the coupling 27 'and held against' such flange by means of a spring 74 which is connected at one end to the lever 33 and the other end to the valve casing 25.

As stated previously, one purpose of the follow-up lever 33 is to return the pilot valve to neutral position upon movement of the main valve 'in,either.-,direction.' Thisv willi be apparent fr'omfexarninationtof Fig. ,2, ,Should the pilot valve be moved upwardly to admit the operating oil beneath the piston 35 and thereby move the steam valve 21 in an opening direction, such movement-of the steam valve will cause the follow-upylever to rock about its fulcrum element ,1 G'Z-iandmove the pilot valve back to neutral position; On, the other hand, should the pilot valve be moved downwardly from the position shown to 'dischargethe operating oil from beneath the operating piston and thereby move the steam valve in a closing direction if the latter should be open, the follow-up lever will rockabout its fulcrum'element 67 and move the pilot -valv back to its 5 neutral position. A further and important function of the follow-up lever 33 is -to provide'for a controlled movement of' the pilot valve so as to effect the operation of the secondary element to open and close the valve 21' and control the speed of the turbine. In the drawings, I have shown the "force'for effecting movement of the pilot valve as being' applied bya fulcrum element 67 which is movable along the slot 64 in the lever. The slot 641s so designed that movement of the fulcrum element f1om*the' middle position shown in Fig. 2 to the left and along the effective portion 65 thereof, will result in an upward movement of thepilotvalve and the application of the operating oil under pressure beneath the operating piston 35. Movement of the fulcrum element tothe right-of the position, shown in the drawing and in the ineffective portion 66 will have no effect on the movement of the pilot valve.

Movement of the primary element by the fulcrum element and follow-up lever is due to the design of the effective portion 65 of the slot 64. The sides of the effective portion '65 of the slot are in effect cam surfaces which curve away from the arc of movement of the axis of the fulcrum element. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view showing in fulllines the center line a of the slot' with the effective'and ineffective portions 65 and 66 indicated thereon. It, will be observed that theiportion of the center line corresponding to'the. effective portion 65 of the slot is curved away from a dotted line --bwhich indicates the arc of movementof the axis of the fulcrumYelement; The dotted line -b does not appear on that portion of the center line which corresponds to the ineffective portions 66 of the slot as the arc of movement of the axis of the fulcrum element is coincident with the centerline of the slot at the right of the view.

The relay mechanism is constructed'and arranged so that opening of a valve occurs between, forexample, the five degree and thirtyfive degree positions indicated in Fig. 3, thereby leaving at themiddle'portions of the cam groove an arc'of ten degrees during which both, the ahead and astern valves are closed, the reason forthis being that the fulcrum may be operated by remote control mechanism involving levers "and links and at certain amount of lee-way should be allowed on account of back-lash, maladjustment, et' cetera, to assure that bothsteam valvesmay be closed at an intermediate position move thepistondownwardly and close the steamy .valvesuflicintly to lower the. speed of the turbine to a value where theresulting governing 1oilpressure force does not exceed that of the spring 5'7 for the setting of the latter; As stated previously, the initial tension ,on the spring, 57. may be varied to any desired amount by simply adjusting the rod 58. The spring may turbine, that is, the turbine will be directly conbe adjusted so that the governing oil pressure be'used only for preventing over-speeds of the j trolledjthroughout its speed range by the lever FIBacting simply as a throttle, and the governing oilv pressure. will affect the operation of the apparatus only-when the speed of the turbine exceeds a predetermined value which is above the operating range. On the other hand, the

spring 57 may be adjusted for some lower speed .-j;;.' in the operating range. With the latter adjustment, thelever will serve as a straight throttle until the speed of the turbine reaches the predetermined minimum corresponding to ,the

o initialv setting of the spring 57, and, for speeds .:above the predetermined minimum, movement setting, of the governor.

The apparatus described provides a simple 5, and effective means for controlling by a single means the operation of prime .movers designed for; ahead,and asternoperation, and insofar as this aspect of the inventionis concerned, it is I. not limited in its application to controlling prime movers used as a ship propelling means for it may be used in other connections, for

ing sections of prime movers used in dipper J 1; dredges and the like. r

Furthermore, as the purpose of cam 64 isto provide a control wherein the increments of movement of the control vor throttle lever correv spond to' equal changes inthe speed of the ship,

- the cam feature may be applied to any prime :mover used for ship propulsion and this is true even though the prime mover be used solely for ahead motion or solely for astern motion. In Fig. 8, I have shown a form of my invenftionwhich is similarin all'respects to thecon V ustruction shown in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusiva with ahead section 101 and an. astern section 102;, valves 103 and 104 controlling the flow of steam the exception; thata modified form of followup lever and a control lever is provided.

InFig. 8,.I provide a turbine IOOhaVingan --'to the ahead andi astern sections respectively;

ment-10 8; and a follow-up lever 109 pivotally -gconnectedat one end to the valve stem; and

pivotally, connected intermediate its ends by a pin 110 with the primary element. A longitudinally-disposed slot 111 is provided-in the outer end of the lever 109 and is provided with an effective or cam portion 112 and an ineffective .Likewise, the relay 106 comprises a secondary portion 113. The cam portion'l12 is designed to operate inthe same manner as the cam portion of. the previously described modification.

Ilement 107a, a primary element 108a, and a followeup lever 109a having a slot 111a in its endin cluding a cam portion 112a and an ineffective; portion 113a.

slot 111a overlaps the end of the lever 109 carry-,

ingtheslot 111. A fulcrum element 114 is provided which is of suificient width to move Within ofthe lever, 78 will result in changing the speed example, for controlling the forward and revers-;

and relays105and 106 for operating the valves- 103 and1051 respectively. The relay 10 5, comprises a secondary element 107, a primary; ele-g The end carrying the.

both slots 111 and 111a. The fulcrum element 114 is carried by the outer end of a lever arm 115 fixed to a shaft 116, and a control or throttle lever 117 is also fixed to the shaft 116 for efiecting movement of the fulcrum element in the slots 111 and 111a. As in the previously describedmodification, the positions of the two relays are reversed so that while the fulcrum ele- -ment is moving in the cam portion of one slot it also is moving in the ineffective portion of the other slot. It will be apparent that the operation of the apparatus shown'in Fig. 8 is the same as that of the previously described modification. Hence, further description is deemed unnecessary.

While I have shown my invention in several forms, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various other changes and modifications,

without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior artor as are specifically set forth inthe appended claims.

What I claim is; ratus including an ahead section and an astern section, of first and second conduit means for conveying motive fluid to the ahead and-astern sections respectively; first and second valves in the first and second conduit means respectively for controlling the flow of motive fluid there- -through; first and second relays for controlling the operation of the first and second valves respectively; each of the relays comprising a secondary element connected to its respective valve for opening and closing the latter, a primary element movable to regulate the application of an operating force to the secondary element, a folloW-up lever connecting the valve and primary element for moving the latter back to neutral ;position upon movement of the valve and having thereon; a cam surface extending longitudinally thereof, and a fulcrumelementmovable along the cam surface from a mid-position thereon corresponding to the cut-off position of its respective valvetoward one end of the cam surface a for effecting movement of the primary element ina direction to open its respective valve, and

. movable along the cam surface from such midposition towardthe other end of the cam surface :,.without effecting movement of its respective primary element toward valve-opening position; and mechanism for simultaneously moving the fulcrum elements of both the first and second relays along their respective surfaces in such a manner that as one fulcrum element moves from its mid-position in a direction to open its respective valve the other fulcrum element moves from its mid-position in a direction to maintain its respective valve closed. 1

2. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the cam surfaces comprise-sides. of slots extending ers, and the fulcrum elements are disposed within their respective slots and are moved longitudinally thereof to effect the desired operation of the valves.

,3; Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein each cam surface and its cooperating fulcrum element are disposed between their respective primary element and valve.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein each cam surface and its cooperating fulcrum element are disposed at the side of their respeclongitudinally of their respective follow-uplevtive primary element which is opposite to the valve.

5. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein each fulcrum element is carried by the outer end of a separate lever arm, and the two lever arms are connected together by means of a link for operation in unison.

6. Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein both fulcrum elements are carried by the outer ends of lever arms connected to a single shaft for operation in unison.

mover apparatus for use as a ship propelling means including a drive shaft and a propeller operatively connected to said drive shaft; of a conduit for conveying motive fluid to such apparatus; a valve for controlling the flow of motive fluid through such conduit; a relay for operating said valve comprising a secondary element connected to the valve, a primary element movable to control the application of an operating force to the secondary element, follow-up mechanism connecting the valve and primary element for restoring the primary element to a tral position for efiecting movement of the secondary element and valve, said means comprising a movable control member and being so constructed and arranged that equal increments of movement of the control member effect equal changes in the speed of the ship.

9. The combination with an elastic fluid prime mover apparatus for use as a ship propelling means including a drive shaft and a propeller operatively connected to said drive shaft; of a conduit for conveying motive fluid to such apparatus; a valve for controlling the flow of motive fluid through such conduit; a relay for operating said valve comprising a secondary element connected to the valve a primary element movable to control the application of an operating force to the secondary element, and a followup lever connecting the valve and primary element for returning the latter to a neutral position upon movement of the valve in either direction and including a fulcrum element; the follow-up lever having thereon a longitudinally disposed cam surface and the fulcrum element being movable along the cam surface to impart movement to the primary element away from its neutral position so as to effect movement of the secondary element and valve; a control member for moving the fulcrum element along the cam surface; the cam surface being so shaped that equal increments of movement of the control member effect operation of the valve so as to cause equal changes in the speed of the ship.

HENRY J. HANZLIK.

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