US1985799A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 25, 1934-.v F. W..SCHEIFELE 9 OIL BURNER Filed April 23, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Mad-or Q E ederidZ W17 Dec. 25, 1934.

F. w. SCHEIFELE OILVBURNER Filed April 23. 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Dec. 25, 1934. w, SCHEIFELE 1,985,799

OIL BURNER Filed April 23, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Dec. 25, 1934 UNITED V STATES "PA-TENT?"OFFICETI it t i 4,985,759 A v v forn nunriaitf f q Frederick Q W. Scheifele, nudulion,= N, Application s ruce, isszj s'er ial iwi cbutti 1 A,

5 Claims. (01. 158- 28 This invention relates to improvements in oil Figure :18 is: an enlarged longitudinal sectional heating systems and pertains particularly to an view of= the burner atomizinguor,sprayingnozzle; automatically controlled heating system. 1 Figure 1 9=-'isa :detaiL-vertical sectional view .-The primary object of the present invention is through the smokersta'ckor flue switch;

. p an 0 burner having; a high a d low c Figur'e "10 is azview in'jfrontpelevaLtiohbfthe 5 rat nr ssu a h l w p ra in p ssu switchsrmm which the usual cover has been re-.- ing employed in the starting of the heater to premoved; j i vent the back-flow of oil gases from the chimney iIEigure :11 is a horizontal sectional viewthrough stack when the stack is cold. thelowpressure valve, showing" diagrammatically lo Another object of the. invention is to prothe constructionvthereofi*4 v I a it c vide an oil burner having a high and a low operat- Referring nowmore particularly tothe drawing pressure and a thermostatically controlled ingswhereirilik numerals or reference indicate smoke stack switch which operates'after the stack corresponding parts throughouttheseveral views, has become heated to an increased degree. to the numeral 1 indicates generally a heater of l5v cause the oil to flow into the, heater under. high anyflsuitable type, with which the'heating device pressure in place of the low pressure at which embodying the present invention-is shown canit was started. j i nected, which heating device isiindicatedgeneral-j -A still further objectof the invention is to ly by the numeral;2.t'.;zfl hezfireebox entrance for provide an oil burner structure which is designed theiheater or boileri'l is indicated by the numeral to inject air with atomized oil in such a manner as 3 andxthe chimney.- or fluefconnection therefor is 20 to practically eliminate noise and also spread the indicated by the nurneral'im i in burning oil jet so as toefiect an evendistribution r The heating element embodying the present of the heat therefrom over the walls of the invention and which is indicated by thej numeral heater into which it is projected. 2i'comprises a pair of blowers, each of i-WhiCh' is Other objects and advantages of the invention indicated by the numeral 5 and which has the 25 will become apparent as the description :of the axial'airiinlet lopenings' 6iand thetangential outsame proceeds and the invention will be best'unlet 7 which opens into an air passageway or conder'stood from a consideration of the followingdeduit' 8. JI'hese air conduits converge and are tailed description taken in connection'with the joinediait their endsto formv-a single relatively accompanying drawings forming part of this speclarge dischargemouthor opening 9. which fits the 30 ification, with the understanding, however, that door op d O t e ate o bo e the invention is not confined to any stricticonl,'-as showninFigureAg m l :wk i I formit'y with the showing of the drawings but may At each side of the IDOHtHQJ'Of the air passagebe changed or modified so long as such changes way are formed" the plurality of. inwardly proor modifications mark no material departure'from jecting fingers 10. Thesewfingers' at each .side 35 the salient features of the invention as expressed of the opening are di'videdinto two groups, the in the appended claims. fingers or each group being in vertically spaced In the drawings: 1 relationand the fingers of one" group beingiinthe Figure l'is a view in top plan of the oil b'urnplanes' of the passageways between the fingers of 40 er structure embodying the present invention; he o h r n one'gmllp Offingersis Slight; 40 Figures is a view in rear elevation of the ly in advan ft other s t 'pass same; i along the adjacent" conduit :and reaching the Figure 3 is a view in side elevation of the burnm uth 9 f' t a p a way nt t at r er showing the same connected witha heater orboilei' Willtfirst B t eorieningsbesuch as a furnace boiler or the like and'also tween group -fi 'a dimpi e a ainst 45 showing the smoke stack control switch connecthe'fingers 0 the group therebBhind'ahd-Wi11ffl0W tion with th b r downwardly to pass betweenithe openings .Qrpa's- "Figure 4 is a horizontalsectional view taken sageways betweenthis second groupof fingers.

siibstantially upon the line 4-4 of Figure 3; The'air will thus enter the'door opening of the Figure 5 is a'sectional view taken substanheater or boiler=in a s'eriesoi vertically spaced 50 tially upon the line 5-5 of Figure 4; v sheets. As a result of the manner-in which the Figure 6 is a schematic view of the pipe system air is distributed by thesefin'gers" at opposite sides and valves associated with the'oil' burner; of the conduits s-the proper amount of air is "Figure '7 is a diagram of the electricalsystem concentrated about the'sprayoiloilwhich is deassociated with the burner; livered into the boiler, by the apparatus'about 55 to be described, to effect the proper combustion thereof.

Mounted upon a suitable support upon the blower casings 5 is an electric motor 11, the armature shaft of which has an extension shaft 12 connected with each end, each of which extension shafts passes through a fan housing 5 and has the fan blades 13 mounted thereon in a housing. Upon the outer end of each shaft 12 a draft control plate 14 is mounted which may be moved on the shaft relative to the air inlet opening 6 to regulate the amount of air drawn into the blower.

Upon one of the shafts 12 there is mounted a pulley wheel 15 and beneath this pulley wheel is located a liquid pump 16 which maybe :of' any suitable type, such for example, as a gear pump. This pump 16 has an operating pulley 1'7 which is connected with the pulley 15 by the belt' I8.

The numeral 19 indicates a strainer of a suit able type for straining fueloil, to which leads a pipe 20 which is connected-with a suitable oil storage tank and this strainer is connected by the pipe 21 with one side of the pump 16. The outlet side of the 1pumpJ16 is connected by the pipe 22 with ahigh pressure bypass and cut-ofi valve unit 23 of a suitable standard make and thelow pressure .outlet side of this valve is connected by the pipe 24 with the inlet 25 of a second bypass and cut-off valve unit 26'which operates or opens at a lower pressure than the valves in the valve unit 23. Between the. valve units 23 and 26 the connecting line 24 hasuinserted therein a magnetically operatedvalve 2'7.

The high pressure valve; unit 23 may be set to open at a pressure of approximately one hundred pounds and when it .opens under this pressure oil flows therefrom through the pipe line 28 to the spray nozzle 29- which isllocated in the outlet 9 attheiconvergent ends of the air passageways 8, so as to discharge oil directlyinto the heater or boiler 1. This nozzle 29 is preferably of a whirling spray type.

The fuel feedvalve in the low pressure valve unit 26. maybe set to operate or open at a pressure of approximately. fifty pounds and when it opens at this pressure oil will flow therethrough through the pipe line=30 into the pipe line 28 through the coupling- 31 and then to the spray nozzle; .as will be readily apparent from an examination .of the drawings.

Suitable return flow pipes 32 are connected with the pressure valve units 23 and 26 through thepressure operated by-pass valves 26 to return excess oil tothe storage reservoir. Figure 11 represents diagrammatically a low pressure valve unit of the type'indicated at 26. This valve unit has therein the two spring controlled small valves 26 and'26 which control the flow of fluid from the central chamber 26into the end chambers, the inlet to the central chamber 26 being indicated by the numeral 25. The end of :the outlet pipe 30 which leads to the pipe: 44 and nozzle .29 is connected with the end of the valve structure 26 which leads-into the chamber 30 whichis adjacent the valve 26}? and a ball check 30 is placed at the outlet of the chamber 30 to prevent back pressure from the pipe 30 into this chamber; At the opposite end of the valve structure 26 is the-chamber 32 from which leads the by-pass pipe-.32. In this valve 26 the tension of the spring controlling. the valve element 26 is adjusted sothat-the valve element will unseat when the pressure'in the chamber 26 reaches approximately fifty pounds or whatever, other low pressure may be selected for the operation of the by-pass valve and the spring controlling the valve element 26 may also be adjusted for tension so that this element will unseat at a slightly greater pressure than the element 26 so that the delivery of fuel through the pipe 30 will be maintained at a substantially constant pressure.

The by-pass valve unit 23 is of the same construction as the valve unit 26 with the exception of the fact that the check valve 30 is not used in the outlet opening leading to the pipe 28.

-The valve unit 23 has an additional pipe coupled therewith which is the pipe 22 which leads from the pump into the center chamber between the elements which in the valve 26 are indicated by the numerals 26 and 26 In the valve 26 the opening corresponding with that through which the pipe 22 discharges in the valve 23 is closed. In Figure 7 there is shown the wiring diagram for the heater unit. In the operation of. the heater unit a suitable thermostat 33 is employed in a room of the building which is heated by the heatingsystem and one side of this thermostat is connected with one side of a current supply circuit by the wire34, while the other side of thethermostatis connected. by a wire 35with a terminal v36 of a junction .box.. Tothis terminal 36 is connected one end-of a wire 37 which leads tothe motorllfland. the return from the motor is connected with aiterminal38 of the junction box through the medium of the wires 39 and 40. The terminal 38 of thejunction box is connected by the .wire 41 with the other side of the current'supply line. :1 Connected ln',S 6IlS between the terminal 36 of the junction box and the wire 39 which leads to th-ezterminal 38 thereof are the magnetic valve 27 and a temperature responsive switch 42 which is installed in the stack4' of the heating boiler. From this diagram it will be apparent that when the thermostat 33 operates to close the electric contacts therein due to the reduction in the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere below a predetermined point, the motor 11 will be set in operation and will start the pump 16 to building up a pressure of oil in the pipes 22 and 24. The magnetic valve 27 is open when energized. Since the oil flow: control valve 26 in :the valve unit 26 is set to open at a lower pressure than the corresponding valve in the valve unit 23 it will be apparent that oil will be pumped through the magnetic valve 27 and through the pressure valve 26? tothe spray nozzle 29 byway of the pipes 30 and 28. Ignition of the oil spray at the nozzle 29 is accomplished through a gas pilot 43 which is located adjacent the nozzle 29 and which remains burning at all times. I v. The oil burning under low pressure at the nozzle 29 will gradually heat up the boiler and the flue or stack 4 and thus the starting of the heating system will be eifected without oil gases being forced back into the room in which the heater is installed, as would be the case if the device started at once under high pressure while the boiler and smoke stack are cool.

After the smoke stack hasbecome heated to an increased temperature, the heat responsive switch 42 will be opened, .thus breaking the circuit to magnetic valve-2'7 as will be readily apparent upon reference to the circuit diagram, and shut-off the flow of oil to the'low pressure operated valve unit 26. The oil pressure in the pipe .22 will then be built upby the pump to the point where the pressure operated feed valve in the valve unit 23 is from thereto the pipe 44 and' thenozzle "29L By "theproper adjustment of the valve element '26 forcedto open and the-oil will then bedischarged through thisvalve a'nd through the pipe .line 28 -thr'ough the nozzle 29 under relatively'high presf Due to the provision-of the spaced finger member-s lo in the; Opening-Q- 'a't the-door to the boiler or heater ythe air forced-into the heater by the fans 5 5 enterin strata or "sheets so' that the burning 'oil iriixing therewith will be spread even- =which'is' of a 'standard-construction and comprises a sleeve portion 43 which threads onto the oil sup pry pipe 44 leading from the branches 28 and 30 and in tne rorwam end of-this sleeve there is threadab'lymounted the removable tip'45 having the relatively small outletbpening' 46." Within the sleeve 43 is a gauze screen 47 and in the tip -is located a fluted element 48 about which the m1 flows and whichQperatesftofbreakup and thei oughly atomize the same.

Figures 9 and 10 show the flue operated switch 42 in enlarged detail. This switch is also of a standard construction and comprises an oscillatable shaft 49 on which is mounted the heat sensitive element which when subjected to heat causes the shaft 49 to rotate so as to oscillate the mercury tube 51 and thus close the circuit in which the device is located. As this switch is of a standard make, as previously stated, further detailed description thereof is unnecessary.

In the operation of the present burner the fuel feed valves in the valve units 23 and 26 are set so that the elements controlling the flow of fluid therethrough to the pipes 28 and 30 will unseat at the desired pressures and the elements therein which control the by-passing of the fluid back to the reservoir are correspondingly adjusted. The motor 11 is set into operation thereby simultaneously starting the fans 5 and the ,oil pump 16. The magnetic valve 27 is open and since the bypass valve in the valve unit 23 is set to open at a higher pressure than the corresponding valve in the valve unit 26, the oil will be pumped through the pipe 22 into the central chamber of the valve unit 23 and will flow from this central chamber through pipe 24 and the inlet 25 of the low pressure valve unit 26 into the chamber 26 thereof. When the pressure is built up in this latter chamber to approximately fifty pounds the valve 26 will be unseated and the oil will flow through the pipes 30 and 44 to the nozzle 29 from which it will be ejected as a spray into the boiler 1. The air delivered through the conduits 8 into the boiler is maintained at a constant pressure and due to the effect of the distributor fingers 10 a part thereof will be directed in the proper manner toward the nozzle so as to supply the correct amount for the combustion of the oil entering the boiler. The remainder of the air will be discharged into the boiler further in advance of that delivered directly to the nozzle. After a period of operation of the burner with the oil being delivered at low pressure, the boiler and smoke stack will become heated to the point where the thermostat 50 will be operated so as to actuate the magnetic valve 2'7, to the closed position. This will result in the closing off of the flow of oil through the crossover pipe 24 between the units and the pressure will immediately build up in the valve unit 23 to the point where the valve 26 therein will be opened to discharge oil into the pipe line 28 and in the valve unit 26 and the corresponding element the {valve unit 23 any material: increase in oil pressure in these valves-over the pressure re- 2 quiredto' open th'e' sameffor the discharge of oil into the pipes=28-and 30, will result in the passing of someof the oil-back through the pipes 32 to the reservoir; l r .2: w With'the air beingdelivered at aconstan't pressure during the ope'ration of both the low and high-pressure valves' the combustion of theoil at the"startgwlien' -the low pressure-valve is open, is not the most" eificien't-'but -this operation does notjcontinueforany material lengthof time before thejjstack becomes sumcienny heatedxto effect theshut off of the low piessurevalve and the turning on of the -high pressure valve. The air supply Will -then beproperly proportioned with theamount' of oil being delivered under high pressure to give the most efficient results. v

Byadjusting the p'bsitionsof the plates 14 quantity of-a'ir delivered to the combustion chemberby the'fans may be readily controlled to properly proportion it to the quantity of oil introduced into the boiler under high pressure.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is: a

1. In a liquid fuel heater structure of the cha acter described, a combustion chamber having a gas exhaust flue and an inlet opening, a fuel injector nozzle arranged to discharge through the inlet opening into the combustion chamber, a pair of fuel conducting pipes leading to said injector, a combined pressure responsive and by-pass valve unit controlling one of said pipes and designed to open at a relatively low pressure, a second combined pressure responsive and by-pass valve unit inthe other of said pipes and set to open at a high pressure, means for pumping fuel from a a heat responsive means disposed in the gas ex- I haust flue and coupled with said electro-magnetic valve to close the same at an increased flue temperature.

2. In a liquid fuel feeding system having a fuel injector arranged to deliver fuel under pressure to a combustion chamber, a pressure fuel feeding means, means for delivering fuel at different pressures from said feeding means to said injector, said last means including a pair of valve units, each unit having pressure actuated fuel feed and by-pass valves therein, said fuel feed valves being connected in parallel with said injector, and a valve controlling the flow of fuel to one of said units.

3. In a liquid fuel burning structure, a combustion chamber, a flue leading therefrom, a fuel nozzle discharging into said chamber, a pair of liquid fuel lines communicating with said nozzle, high pressure operated fuel feed and by-pass valves controlling one line, low pressure operated fuel feed and by-pass valves controlling the other line, a fuel transfer line connecting each of said lines at a point intermediate said fuel feed and by-pass valves, means for delivering fuel under pressure to said one line at a point intermediate said fuel feed and by-pass valves, means controlled by said by-pass valves communicating with the source of fuel, means in said transfer line for closing the same, and means actuated by an increased temperature in said flue after a predetermined period of operation of the burner with fuel r 155$ In a liquid fuel-burner,

passing ,throughthe low pressure feed valve, to operatepthe means in said transfer line to close thesame.-n;

4. Ina liquid'fuel burning structure, including a; combustion chamber having a gas lead-01f flue, 'afuel-spray nozzle disposed inflsaid chamber, a

pair of fuel lines communicating with said nozzle, ipressure actuated fuel feed and by-pass valves controlling each of said lines, one of said fuel feedvalves being set -to open at a lower pressure than the other, a fuel transfer, line connecting ,said lines .at;.points intermediate said fuel and by-pass valves; an electromagnetically operated :valve in said transferline, means for discharging fuel under. pressure into the transfer line :between ofpressure actuated valves in the shell each controlling-passage of fluid from the inlet to-a re,- mote outlet, one of said valves being connected with a pipe communicating with said nozzle and constituting a fuel feed valve'and the other valve constituting a by-pass valve, a second control-unit comprising a shell having a central inlet and-two remote outlets, a pair of pressure actuated valves .in the second unit shell each controlling passage of fluid from the inlet to an outlet thereof, one of said valves of the second unit shell being con;- nected with another pipe communicating with said nozzle and constituting a fuel feed valve and the other valve of the second unit constituting a by-pass'valve, the fuel feed valve of the first unit being set to open'at a higherpressure than the fuel feed valve in the second unit, a pipe coupling the center outlet of the first unit shell with the inlet;.of the second unit shell, a valve in'said last pipe, fuel supply means for injecting fuel 2 fluid under pressure into the inlet of the'first unit shell, and pipes connecting said by-pass valves with said fuel supply means; 1 FREDERICK W. SCHEIFELE;;.,

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