US1379180A - Liquid-fuel burner - Google Patents

Description

1' GOOD.

LIQUID FUEL-BURNER. APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 191a.

Patented May 24, 1921.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

JOHN GOOD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR 'IO GOOD INVENTIONS 00-, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

LIQUID -FUEL BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 24, 1921.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN Goon, United States citizen, residing in Brooklyn, New

York, have invented the following-described 5 Improvements in Liquid-Fuel Burners.

' The invention concerns the structure and mode of operation of liquid fuel burning apparatus and consists in the several features hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the claims, whereby such burners are adapted, among other things, to burn liquid fuel at a rapid rate with quick development of heat and to burn fuel in this manner with complete combustion in flame pipes and other closed passages and whereby they are adapted to be reliably ignited by spark without preheating of the air or fuel and whereby other advantages are obtained as will be hereinafter made ap-' parentto those skilled in this art. The said objects are secured in the apparatus shown in the accompanying drawing by way of illustration of the principles of the invention.

Figure l is an axial section through the burner head and fuel receptacle structure; and

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the same on a smaller scale including the connection to the flame passage and fan blower.

The burner head is represented by an inclosure containing the mixing and combustion spaces and constituted in part by a Venturi tube 1 and a flame or combustion passage 2 which connects it to an open exhaust outlet indicated at 3 in Fig. 2. The combustion passage may, if requlred, be a pipe of relatively narrow dimensions and is so shown in the drawing. Air flow is created through the Venturi and such passage by a fan-type blower 4: which is illustrated as connected between the combustion space 2 and the outlet 3 but can be otherwise connected to produce the same effect or an equivalent flow. The fuel and air mixing means herein disclosed are specially suited for operation by low pressure differences and although other means for creating the air flow may be employed, fan-type blowers are preferred for illustration because they give ample delivery at adequate pressure differences and are economical of power. Liquid fuel is supplied from a receptacle 5 through a channel 6 leading to the fuel inlet orifice 7 in the 5 throat region of the Venturi. An adjustable air tube 8 enters the fuel chamber in line with the orifice 7 and is adapted to admit air and mingle it with the fuel as it moves to said orifice. When the fan or suct on means is in action a considerable reduct on of pressure and a corresponding condition of high flow velocity occurs at the throat of the Venturi tube and serves to produce a more or less homogeneous, finely atomized and combustible mixture of the mingled air and fuel liquid arriving from the channel 6. It is preferred to transmit the pressure obtaining within the tube to the fuel receptacle 5-a function which is performed in the present case by the connecting pressure tube 9-so that the movement of fuel liquid to the orifice 7 occurs by the injector action of the air jet from the air tube 8, which jet is produced by Virtue of said pressure reduction as will be evident. The outer end of the tube 8 is open to atmosphere. It will be apparent however, that the pressure connection 9 may be omitted, in which case the liquid will move to the throat directly by reason of the pressure reduction existing at that point, the fuel receptacle being in that case vented toatmosphere and the channel 6 being subject to regulation by screwing tube 8 in or out. The air entering by the tube 8 in any event serves to improve the atomization by breaking the liquid up rior to its entry into the flow of air throng the throat of the Venturi tube.

Additional air enters the flame passage through the check valve inlet 10, the annu lar admission chamber 11 and the zone of air admission holes 12 formed in the divergent outlet wall of the Venturi.

pressure difference as causes the flow through the throat of the Venturi tube, that is to say by the suction effect of the fan 4 in the pres ent case, and joins the spray in the form of many penetrating air jets producing very thorou h mixing and rapid combination with t e fuel. The relation of the check valved entrance to the Venturi tube is such that under the action of the suction means or fan blower air enters the flame and combustion space at a predetermined rate with reference to the fuel which is suited to complete the combustion thereof within the burner structure.

Ignition of the fuel spray is by a spark plug 13 situated in the present case, in the Such air enters- ,the combustion lnclosure under the same venturi end of the combustion space and operated coincidently with the starting of the suction flow through the apparatus. Reliability and quietness of ignition are assuredby the action of the check valve 14, the movement of which is retarded by the dashpot- 15 so that it opens slowly when the fan is started in action and as the result of the operation of the fan. This retardation of the air supply to the zone of admission holes 12 results in an initial increase of the proportion of fuel in the spray mixture pro-'- duced by the venturi which adapts it for prompt ignition bythe spark so that by the time the air flow becomes normal the spray has been ignited andfluttering, or explosions are thus'avoided. The dash-pot is supplied with liquid through a pipe connection 16 'with the fuel receptacle 5 and the ports more fuel inlets 7 in its Venturi tube and combustion-supporting air.

the fan illustrated operates on a pressure even with a single inlet is adapted to burn liquid fuel at a high rate without the use of high pressures for atomization or supplying For example,

difierence of about 10 inches of water and the combustion rate is adequate for portable forges and industrial furnaces of various kinds as well as for supplying heat to comlo'ustion engines as shown in my copending application Serial No. 149,998, filed February 21, 1917, and other uses. It is to be noted that the spring which seats the air valve 1& has the further function of controlling the degree of pressure reduction in the combustion space according to the suction efiect and-thereby correlates the rate of air' flow to the rate of'fuel supply to said space so that the mixture proportions are kept constant though the suction efiect may vary and the burner is thus competent to burn properly at a variable rate. The valve of the auxiliary air entrance therefore, in the present case, controls the rate of fuel delivery to the end of preserving predetermined proportions. I

Claims,

1. in liquid fuel combustion apparatus the combination of an ignition and combustion space, an electric igniter, a suction means in communication with the outlet of said space,

channel conducting fuel to said space at a initial mixture enrichment, but

a Venturi-tube through which air flows to said space, a fuel channel conducting fuel to said tube at a rate maintaining combustible mixture proportions in said space and means whereby the fuel delivery therefrom is automatically increased to make the mixture proportions temporarily rich in fuel when the suction flow is started through said apparatus.

2. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, .75 the combination of an ignition and mixing space, an igniter, a suction means connected to the outlet of said space, a Venturi-tube throughwhich air flows to said space, a fuel variable rate adapted to maintain substantially constant mixture proportions therein, and means for automatically and temporarily increasing the fuel supply to make said mixture initially rich in fuel when starting said suction means in action.

3. lnclosed combustion apparatus for liquid fuel comprising in combination, an ignition and mixing space, a suction means connected to the outlet of said space, a spark plug, a Venturi-tube through which air flows to said space, a constant level liquid fuel receptacle, a passage leading fuel therefrom to the interior of said tube and adapted to supply fuel at a rate maintaining combustible mixture proportions in said combustion space, means adapted to improve the thoroughness of themixture in said space, and means for automatically making said mixture relatively rich in fuel when the suc-- tion means is started.

4. In liquid fuel burning apparatus, the combination of an ignition and mixing space, suction means for maintaining coincident inflow thereto and exhaust therefrom, a liquid passage for conducting fuel to said space, an air entrance in atomizing relation. to said passage and means for supplying liquid fuel and a small amount of air to said liquid passage.

5. In liquid fuel burning apparatus, the combination of an ignition and mixing space, means for maintaining coincident inflow thereto and exhaust therefrom, a Venturi-tube constituting a flow entrance to said space, a liquid passage having an opening in the throat of said tube and means for supplying liquid fuel and a small amount of air to said li uid passage.

6. In liquid uel combustion apparatus, the combination of an ignition and combustion space, an electric igniter, a suctionproducing means in communication with the outflow of said space, a Venturi-tube through which air flows to said space, a fuel conducting passage having its outlet orifice in said tube and arranged to deliver fuel thereto at a rate normally keeping substantially constant proportions of fuel and air in said space, means for admitting a ing the mixture in said space temporarily rich in fuel to facilitate ignition when start- 7. In liquid fuel-burning apparatus an ignition and mixing space, means for maintaining coincident inflow thereto and exhaust therefrom, a Venturi-tube constituting a flow entrance thereto, an auxiliary flow entrance thereto, controlling the flow through the latter entrance, and a fuel channel supplying fuel liquid to said space according to the condition established therein by said valve.

8. A liquid fuel burner comprising a Venturi-tube having a spark plug and a fuel entrance at its throat, a zone of air admission holes in its outlet portion and means for creating air flow through the tube and holes.

9. An inclosed liquid fuel burner comprising a Venturi-tube having a fuel inletat its throat region and adapted to produce a mixture of liquid fuel and air, a closed flame passage intervening between said inlet and the exhaust outlet of the'burner, means for supplying air and fuel to form said mixture of proportions adapted for com plete combustion within said Passage, a spark plug, and means for initially increasing the proportion of fuel in said mixture tq facilitate ignition thereof by the spark p ug.

10. Inclosed liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising a Venturi tube connected 1 to a closed flame passage, means for creating air flow through said tube and passage, fuel inlet orifice located in the throat region of said tube, a liquid fuel supply and means for mingling air with the fuel moving therefrom to said fuel orifice.

11. Inclosed liquid fuel burning apparatus comprising a fuel receptacle, a flame passage having a Venturi tube entrance and a fuel inlet at the throat of the tube connected to the fuel receptacle, a pressure conan air-opened valve nection between said tube and receptacle and an igniter for establishing non-explosive combustion in-said passage.

12. In liquid fuel burning apparatus the combination of an ignition and mixing space, suction operated means for maintaining coincident inflow thereto and exhaust therefrom, a source of liquid fuel, a tube through which the fuel flows therefrom toward said space, an air entrance through which air enters in atomizing relation to the fuel delivered by said tube, a passage through which said fuel and said air pass to said space, means associated with said space for further subdividing said liquid fuel and distributing it therein, and an electric igniter in said space.

13. In liquid fuel burning apparatus the combination of an ignition and mixing space, suction. operated means for maintaining coincident infiow thereto and exhaust therefrom, a source of liquid fuel, a'passage conducting fuel therefrom to said space, a screw threaded air tube through which the suction effect in said space draws air into said passage for admixture with the liquid fuel therein, means whereby said liquid fuel and said air are further atomized and distributed in said ignition space and an electric igniter in said space.

14:. In liquid fuel burning apparatus, the combination of an ignition space, suction means for maintaining coincident inflow thereto and exhaust therefrom, a liquid passage for conducting fuel to said space, an air entrance to said space coacting with the outlet from said liquid passage, means for supplying liquid fuel and a small amount of air to said liquid passage and means where by the fuel delivery from said liquid passage is automatically increased to make the mixture proportions temporarily rich in fuel when the suction flow is started through said ignition space.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification.

JOHN GOOD.

Images