US1985328A - Building unit and structure - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 25, 1934; EN 1,985,328

BUILDING UNIT AND STRUCTURE Filed Feb. 1, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 3 hwxzzzbr n/eys mm w Dec. 25, 1934. -P. RUTTE N 1,985,328

BUILDING UNIT AND STRUCTURE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 1, 1953 :Z/Z/ f 7:9 19

j77/U77/Z07 I 33 7116A Ziorneys Patented Dec. 25, 1934 UNITED STATES PA N foFFIcsf v 1,985,328 Emm m'r AND- STRUCTURE I Peter Rutten, Osakis, Minn. Application February 1, 1933, Serial No. 654,631

6 Claims." '(01. 72-16) This invention relates to precast building units and building structures constructed therefrom. H It is the general object of this invention to provide novel and improved building structures, 6 which can be quickly and easily set up-by unskilled labor from precast building units 'made chieflyfrom plasticmaterial such as concrete.

It is another object to provide novel and improved building units for use in producing such building structures. r

To these ends, generally stated, the invention consists in the novel-parts and novel combinations of parts hereinafter defined: in the claims and described in the following specification, wherein like reference characters refer to the sameor s'imilar'parts throughout the various views, and, in which, Z Fig. 1 is a view in front elevation of a portion of a house constructed in accordance with the 0 present invention, certain of the parts being broken away to more clearly show the construction of other parts;

Fig. 2 is a-ihorizontal section taken through a portion of a .wall of a house-embodying the invention; v 1'Fig.3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1 in the direction indicated by thearrows; Figi 4 is a vertical section taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1'; as indicated by the arrows, the tenons of certain of the wall slabs not .beingillustrated; Fig. 5yis a horizontal sectiontaken through one of the studs used in building the house,portions of. which arefillustra'tedin Figs. 1 to 4'; and Fig. 6 Ba horizontal section taken through one 5' of the. corner posts u'sedz The various building units of the present invention will be described as they are used in building a' house. The manner of assembly .of these units will be described as the building of the house progresses Referringito the drawings, a concrete foundation wall '7 for the house to be constructed, is first built'in the usual manner.' Vertically extending bolts 8' are inserted withinthisflfoundation wall 7 at spaced intervals, while the concrete of the wall is still unhardened and these bolts project upwardly for some little distance above the top" studs 9 and corner posts 10 areerected on the foundation wall, these studs and corner-posts being used in connection with the construction of the wall of a first floor of the house.

Each stud 9 is a preformed unit, construct-ed before it is taken to the building "site. Each stud includes an outerbar or section 9a of'generally rectangular shape in horizontal cross section, as best shown in Fig. 5, and constructedfrom con-- crete or other-plastic material preferably suitably reinforced as by a reinforcing rod 91). "Each's'tud also includes an inner bar or section of generally rectangular shape in horizontal cross sec; tion, but preferably of somewhat-less thickness from front to rear surfaces than the bar 9a. This second bar 90 is also constructed from concrete or otherplastic material, preferably suitably reinforced, as by'a reinforcing rod-9b.= The front surface of the inner. bar 90 is spaced a short distance from the rear surface of the outer'bar 9a and between-these two surfaces there is placed-a strip 9d of insulating material.' The two'bars 9a and 9c and the strip of insulating material 9d are secured together as by means of ties '9eembedded in'the bars 9a and 9c and projecting through the strip 9d. The-strip 9d is-of somewhat narrowerwidth than the width of the two bars-9a and 9c to form longitudinal grooves9f in the sides of the stud.- Oppositelydisposed longitudinal grooves 9g are formed in the'side's of the bar 9a, while similar oppositely disposed longitudinal grooves 9h are formed inthesides of the bar 9c. The grooves 91 are; of course,- located intermedi ate the grooves 9g-andthe grooves Qhateach' side of the stud. Inthe back surface of the stud intermediate the sides of the same there is pro videda nailing strip-97' which preferably is'insert ediin placev within the bar' 90 at the time that the bar is'molded, so that there'ar surface-of the strip lies fiushwith the rear surface of'the bar 90.

" Neargthe lower end of the-stud 9,'there is provided a recess 97c formed in the outer bar 9a and this recess projects rearwardly from the front'face or' surface of the bar-9a. A bolt opening 9Z projects through the lower end 0f the bar-I 9a-from the bott'om'of the recess 97:: to the bottom end of the .stud. 'Mounted in'theupper end of the bar 9a of the stud is a bolt 11 which projects upwardly for some distance above the upper end' of the stud. A'short distance below the upper endof the stud, a pair of'vertically spaced ro'd receiving openings 9m extend transversely through the bar'9a.

- Each corner post 10 is of square shape inhori-' zontal cross section-as best shown-in Fist- 6. :Each

post 10 includes an outer pillar or section 10a having four sides set at right angles to each other and a fifth diagonal side extending at approximately a 45 angle to two of the sides of the pillar. This pillar is preferably cast from concrete or similar plastic material and is preferably reinforced as by reinforcing rods 10b. The post 10 also includes an inner smaller pillar 100 of substantially triangular shape in horizontal cross section. The outer surface of this inner pillar 10c is, spaced from the diagonal,side of the outer pillar 10a and a strip 10d of insulating material is located between the two pillars. The two pillars 10a and 100 and the strip 10d are secured to gether by ties 10c embedded in the pillars and-projecting through the strip. The edges, of the strip 1011 are so cut and the inner or joining sides of the post where the edges of the strip lO'd appear are so formed as to afford longitudinal grooves 10 therein. Outwardly from the grooves 110); lQngitud-inal grooves 10g are formed ,in the same sides of the post in the pillar 10a, while inwardly frern the. grooves 10 longitudinal grooves 10h are formed in the same sides of thepost in the pillar 10c. Near the lower end of the post'lG, a recess 107 :is provided, cut inwardly from the outer corner of the post; in the pillar 10a and a bolt opening 1070 projects from the bottom of the recess lok to the bottom end of the post. Preferably one or more bolts similar to theboltsll are embedded in the upper end of the pillar -10a.of the post to project above the same. Spaced yertically from each other and also spaced vertically short distances from the upper end of the post 10,

7 two rod receiving openings v102 are provided in the pillar 10a and these openings are set at right angles to each other and run parallel respectively with the outer surfaces of the pillar 10a.

In erecting thestuds 9 and posts 10' on the foundation wall;7, the bolts 8 at the corners of the foundation wall are run through the bolt openings 10k of the posts 10; while other bolts 8 are run through the bolt openings 9k oi the studs 9. Nuts: are; then threaded on the upper ends of thesebolts andserewed downwardly against the bottoms of the. recesses 104" and -9] to securely anchor the lower ends of the posts and. studs; Horizontal. tie rods 12 are now run.through horizontally alined rodreceiving openings 9m of adjacent. studs 9, as best shown in'Eig. l and these rods are secured to the studs by means of oppositely disposed nuts 13 screwed onto the rods. The studs are of course, plumb ed so that they stand" inr true vertical relation as the nuts 13 are tightened up.v It will be noted that consecutive rods 12 taken horizontally of the wall are located at dif ferent levels. Similar rods 12' extend; from the studs 9 adjacent the corner posts: 10' between thestudsv andposts and these rods run through the, rod receiving. openings 9m of the studs and; the rodreceiving openings lO-l of the posts.- 'I'hepostsi andv studs are accordingly tied togethernear-their upper ends by means of .the tie rods l2;-

Where a door is. to be formed in the .wall of the house, a stud 14 similar in most respects to of. the door':"frame,.- while: the stud 9. connected to the stud 14 by the rod 15 will form the other rough jamb of the door frame. Opposing faces of these two studs at their lower ends are rabbeted to receive a precast concrete slab 16 forming the threshold of the rough door frame and the stud 14 adjacent its upper end and the opposing stud 9 at the same level are notched to receive a precast concrete slab 17 forming the lintel of the rough door frame. The grooves Bit of the "stud. 9 forming one jamb 'of' the door frame,lwhichgrooves opposethestud 14, and the corresponding grooves of the stud 14 are filled by mailing strips 18 and a wooden door frame 19 is secured to the rough door frame by means of nails or other securing means driven into or oththeskeleton frame work for the first floor of the house issubstantially completed. The next step in erecting the house is to construct the walls. Panels 20 of insulating material cut to proper size to extend between the various studs andcorner. posts are no-wzinserted in place within the upper portion of opposing'grooves 91 of adjacent studs and within the grooves 10f of the posts 10 opposing the grooves 9 of adjacent studs and these panels 20 are slid downwardly in these grooves so that the lowermost panels rest directly 0n the foundation wall '7 and succeeding panels rest on panels immediately below the same. These various panels together with the strips 911 and 10d of insulating material form a complete wall of insulation for the building. Precast concrete panels 21 having tenons at their ends and of proper length tofit between the. various studs and'between the studs and the posts 10 are next inserted in place within the upper portions of opposing grooves 99 and 971 of the studs and the grooves 10g and 10b of the posts 10 and these concrete panels are slid. downwardly in the grooves so that the lowermost panels rest directly on the foundation wall 7 and succeeding panels rest'on panels immediately below the same. It .will be seen that the panels '21 when fittedin place, form spaced parallel inner and outer walls and the dead airspace between theinner and outerwalls formed by the: panels? 21 between adjacent studs or between adjacent studsand posts, is divided into .two air chambers by means of the wall of insulation: formed; by the insulating panels 20; If 3 windows are desired in the house, provision may be readily made for thesame as the panels 20 and 21 are laid in place. If, for example, it is desiredv to locate the sill of a: window at a.hori zontal level immediately above the two IOWBY-r most groupslof concrete panels 21 and the two lowermost insulating panels 20 between two of thestuds 9;. as shown in Fig. 1, and as also shown in Fig; 2 and'Fig.,4,aprecast concrete slab 22 forming a window sill is laid between the two desired studs 9 and one of the. studs, as the extreme right hand stud shown-in Fig. 1, is notched toreeeive the end .of this window sill slab. A

portion of the stud 9 which receives the slab 22 may then be usedas one'jamb of the rough window 'frame, whereup'onanother jamb 23 of very similar-construction to the stud 9 may be erected inproper spaced relation from the jamb stud. The jamb 23 'is notched adjacent its two ends to receive the window sill slab 22 and a window lintel slab 24'having one end received'within a notch ofthe jamb stud. The jamb 23 above and below these two notches is made of reduced thickness to fit between the-spaced parallel concrete panelsZl; as best shown in Fig. 4. The jamb-23 is'se'curedtothe jamb stud 9 by means of tiejrods which run through properly provided rodopem ings in tthejamb ".23 and rod openings formed in the jamb s'tud '9Iat. the correct levels; IL Nailing strips'26 are provided in the grooves 9g and9hof the'jamb stud 9 between the two'slabs22 and 24 .andsimilar' strips-areprovided in theside of the :jarnb231facing thejamb stud 9; Atwooden Window frame "27. may be secured in the. rough window frame thus produced as by. nailingtth'e' same or otherwise'securing the same to the strips inthewall of the house,.concrete panels 21 and panels -20-of insulating material of shorter lengths than theordinary panels between the} studsa'will be'used. I a

:After the wall of the'liouse is laid to reach'a l eve'l slightly below the upper ends of the studs 9 and posts 10, precast concrete beams 28 of less height than the 'panels'fil and of greater thickness thanthese panels are laid at a common level concrete panels 21 will be used to bring the level Of-th outer Walls ofthe' building flush with the upper surface of theflooring 29 and with the: upper end of the studs-9 and the ostsio. -The' second story'of the building can then be erected in much the-samemanner as the first story-by attachmenfioffurther studs 9 and posts 10 to the bolts 11 mounted in the upper ends of the first story studs and posts.

If it is desired to provide additional insulation for the house, sheets 30 of insulating material may be nailed or otherwise secured directly to the nailing strips 9 of the studs 9, whereupon plaster 31 may be applied in the usual manner over the insulating sheets. Preferably before the insulating sheets 30 are applied, both the inner and outer walls formed by the concrete panels 21, are sealed at all joints by cement grouting which is applied with a broom or brush. a

If stucco is to be applied to the exterior wall of the house, it is not necessary to seal the jointsv of this exterior wall by grouting, inasmuch as when the stucco coating 32 is applied this coat-i ing of itself will seal the various joints between the different units in the exterior walls. erably the stucco coating 32 is used but, if desired, any type of exterior finish may be used for the house. If it is desired to apply wood siding to the exterior walls of the house, preferably nailing strips will be provided in the studs. 9 on the exterior surfaces thereof at the time that the studs are cast (not illustrated) I The roof of the house may be applied "in any desired manner, in accordance with good practice. If desired, special precast floor strips 33 made from concrete may be used in finishing off the interior of the house.

It will be seen that by use of the prepared precast building units, a complete building can be constructed in a very short time by unskilled "Of course, where doors or windows are provided Pref Iabor.'.'-'. Practically ,theentire structure is" fire proof; the buildingthaszgreat, strength to resist storms r and the walls aretho'roughly insulated, both against 'heatandcold. The buildingiis inexpensive to produce and inexpensive to assemble; Y

Any, number ofdesigns may be made. Inside load bearing partitions can be'built in a manner similar to: the mannerv of building the walls of the structure, or any suitable-type of partition may beusedix ---=With the wall construction provided, no mortar of any kind: need. be used until after the completewall is setup. No'pouredv concrete' 'need be used nor forms of any kind required. Although the studs are cast as single units and the corner posts are cast asisingle units, the different inner and outer sections" of the .studs and posts are separated by insulating material and a separated double wall structure of concrete is thusprovided through which heat units' cannot" readily pass; The'r'eis thus practically no possibility of "condensation of moisture on the inside of the wall because the difierences ini temperature of the air at the inner sideOf-the 'inner concrete wall and in the air space between'the insulating panels20 and the inner cohcrete-wallcan'be but slight.

Inaddition to the high-thermal insulating prop-- erties o f the'building' construction, the walls also have the property of deadening passage of sound' 'therethrough to high degree.-'

Althoughthe building units of my invention are particularlyadaptable 'for the construction of re'sidentit-ilv houses, office buildings, factories and buildings of all types" maybe made by the use of the same. 1 j

It 'will,-"of "c'ou'rse be understood that various changes ma b'emade in the form,'d etails, arrangements and proportions of the "various parts and in constructions made frorn flthe various building units without departure from the scope ofthepresntinventionf v Y What is claiined isz A 1. A building construction comprising a plurality of spaced parallel, precast vertical studs formedchiefly of concrete, said studs each comprising two concrete sections facing each other, a strip of insulating material disposed between said two sectionsand ties interconnecting said sections and strip, each of said sections having sides within which spaced parallel longitudinal grooves are formed and slabs of precast concrete slidably fitted within opposing grooves of adjacent studs to form double walls insulated from each other by a dead air space.

2. A building structure comprising a plurality of vertically disposed precast studs horizontally spaced from each other, each of said studs comprising two'concrete sections disposed in closely spaced parallel relation and a strip of insulating material disposed between said two sections, and means tying said sections and said strip together, said'strip'being of slightly narrower width than the two sections to form medial longitudinal grooves in the sides of said studs, each of said sections also having outer and inner longitudinal grooves in its side surfaces, panels of insulating material extending between adjacent studs and fitting at their ends within said first mentioned grooves to form intermediate insulating walls between the studs and panels of precast concrete extending between adjacent studs and received within said last mentioned grooves of said studs to form outer and inner concrete walls between adjacent studs.

3. A building construction including a plurality of spaced vertical precast studs; one of said studs: forming one jamb of a rough frame, a pre-; cast jamb generallysimilar in construction to said studs and disposed in spaced relation from: said stud forming said first mentioned jamb, means for anchoring the lower ends of said studs and said last mentioned j amb, a tie rod extending between the upper portion of said last mentioned jamb and a portion of said first mentioned jamb and horizontally precast concrete slabs vertically spaced from each other and forming respectively the cross members of a frame and extending between said. two jambs, said two jambs having notches formed therein: receiving the ends of said slabs.

4. In a building made from precast units, a plurality of vertical precast studs, precast verticalcorner posts, precast concrete inner and outer panels disposed in tiers and extending between adjacent studs and between posts and studs adjacent thereto, said studs and posts having longitudinal grooves formed therein and slidably receiving the ends of said panels, means for anchor-- ing the lower ends of said studs and posts and spacing and tie rods running between the upper portions of adjacent studs and between posts and studs adjacent thereto, each stud and each post including inner and outer precast concrete sections, a strip of insulating material placed therebetween and ties securing together said sections and strip; and panels of insulating material interposed between inner and outer precast con--' crete panels and extending between adjacent studs and between posts and studs adjacent thereto, the studs and posts being constructed to receive said panels of insulating material in such manner that the ends of said. panels of insulat-c ing material abut the edges of said'strips of insulating material.

5. A building structure comprising a foundation wall, bolts anchored in and projecting upwardly from said wall at horizontally spaced points", corner posts projecting upwardly from said. wall at the. corners thereof. and fastened at their lower ends by certain of said bolts to said wall, said posts being formed chiefly of precast concrete, vertical studs horizontally spaced from said posts and from each other and projecting upwardly from said foundationv wall, said studs being secured to said foundation wall at their lower ends by certain of said bolts, spacing and tie rods; running between the upper portions of adjacent studs. and between. posts and studs: adjacent thereto, said studs and posts having spaced inner and outer longitudinal grooves disposed in spaced parallel relation formed in their sides facing other studs and posts, precast concrete panels extending between adjacent studs and between posts and studs adjacent thereto and slidably fitted at their ends within said grooves in tiered arrangement to form with the studs and posts inner and outer walls, precast concrete beams resting on said inner walls and extending between adjacent studs and also between posts and studs adjacent thereto and a flooring supported by said beams, said posts and studs each comprising twoprecast concrete sections spaced from each other, a strip of insulating material disposed between the two sections and cooperating with the sides of respective posts and. studs to form longitudinal grooves therein, and ties securing said sections and strip together and panels of insulating material disposed between adjacent studs and between posts and studs adjacent thereto and. fitting at their ends within said last mentioned grooves to cooperate with said strips and thereby formwalls of insulating material.

6. The structure defined in claim 3, the saidjambs having vertical grooves in their facing sides, nailing strips fitting within said grooves and a frame between said jambs and slabs and attached to said nailing strips.

PETER RUTTEN.

Images