US1985308A - Electroplating of articles with chromium - Google Patents
Electroplating of articles with chromium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1985308A US1985308A US682707A US68270733A US1985308A US 1985308 A US1985308 A US 1985308A US 682707 A US682707 A US 682707A US 68270733 A US68270733 A US 68270733A US 1985308 A US1985308 A US 1985308A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- tetrachromate
- chromic acid
- sodium
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title description 43
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 41
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 41
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 48
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 24
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- GSKQIBITEDNGRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O GSKQIBITEDNGRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002340 chlorooxy group Chemical group ClO[*] 0.000 description 2
- VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(iii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cr+3] VQWFNAGFNGABOH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000501754 Astronotus ocellatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100348017 Drosophila melanogaster Nazo gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;chromium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cr] QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQIPXGFHRRCVHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium zinc Chemical compound [Cr].[Zn] DQIPXGFHRRCVHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoniazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 QRXWMOHMRWLFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
Definitions
- the present invention is based on methodical researches which have resulted in the establishment of the fact that considerable modifications of current density conditions may be rendered possible by adding to the chromic acid (between very close limits the reason for which will be given below) ions of Na (in the form of Na: Cr: 01, or of an equivalent quantity of neutral sodium chromate or sodium hydroxide).
- the maximum admissible current density can be raised to a value ten times greater than the known value.
- the quality of the layer of chromium obtained is, moreover, notably improved; it has an almost yellowish coloration, a remarkable ductility and a total absence of structure.
- the meanratio is thus: 2 mol. NaOH to 5 mol.
- composition of the tetrachromate is: 2 mol. NaOH to 4 mol. 'C1O3.
- I can proceed either by adding to 131 grams of caustic soda, 660 grams of. chromic acid and 210 cc. of water; or by mixing 490 grams of crystallized dichromate of sodium (2H2O) with 330 grams of chromic acid and 180 495 grams of chromic acid and evaporating until 57 grams of water have disappeared.
- I can proceed either by adding to 40 grams of caustic soda, 264 grams of chromic acid and 696 grams of water; or by adding to 163 grams of neutral chromate of sodium 10H2O), 210 grams of chromic acid and 627 cc. of water; or finally by mixing 123 grams of dichromate of sodium (2H2O), grams of chromic acid and 712 cc. of water.
- the solutions are to be maintained at a temperature below 40 C.
- the reaction differs according to the current density. It only attains its typical qualities lhigh yield, yellow coloration of the chromium) for the most elevated current densities while, for medium or weak current densities, the yield and also the coloration of the chromium rather approach the known conditions.
- Ah signifies ampere hours.
- the formation of the intermediate chromium range (chromates of chromium) is prevented the more, the higher is the cathodic pressure of hydrogen; the reduction of ClOs to Cr is in this case preferably produced directly.
- the deposited chromium then automatically takes the molecular structure of ClOa which determines among other things the coloration of the deposit.
- the reduction takes place principally on the chromic range.
- the bluish coloration of the chromium which is deposited in this case is due to the molecular structure of the chromium hydroxide.
- the hardness of the chromium moreover, varies in a corresponding manner to the coloration.
- the yellow chromium is more ductile than the blue chromium, the chromate structure being less dense than the chromic structure. Certain peculiarities are directly due to this fact.
- the chromic chromium With the exception of its tendency to the adsorption of hydrogen, the chromic chromium is definitely more inactive from the chemical point of view than, the chromate chromium, this latter being inactive as regards the adsorption of hydrogen but more sensitive to other influences and.
- the chromic chromium is superior to the other, which in its turn is'to be preferred when there is desired a certain ductility and chemical reactivity. This latter thus serves for chromium plating intended subsequently to be machined (rolling and cutting) or for objects subjected to considerable bending (wires).
- the chromate chromium has retained the tendency which chromic acid likewise possesses, that is to say, the tendency to attack metals, i. e. in the metallographic sense, that is to say, of the formation of alloys with the support.
- the layers of chromium deposited in baths of tetrachromate adhere atomically to the metals of the base, above all in the case in which the structure of these latter is favourable.
- a process of rapid electrolytic chromium plating which consists in: rendering the bath of chromic acid effectively responsive to a high amperage current by adding to the bath a substance of the group comprising sodium dichromate, neutral sodium chromate and sodium hydroxide in such quantity as to form sodium tetrachromate, maintaining said bath below 40 0.,
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR410645X | 1932-07-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1985308A true US1985308A (en) | 1934-12-25 |
Family
ID=8897621
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US682707A Expired - Lifetime US1985308A (en) | 1932-07-29 | 1933-07-28 | Electroplating of articles with chromium |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1985308A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE608757C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR754299A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB410645A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2415724A (en) * | 1936-10-15 | 1947-02-11 | Frank H Beall | Chromium plating |
| US3418220A (en) * | 1963-08-26 | 1968-12-24 | Roggendorf Wilhelm | Electrodeposition of chromium and duplex micro-crack chromium coatings |
| US3442777A (en) * | 1966-06-20 | 1969-05-06 | Corillium Corp | Chromium plating process |
| US3454474A (en) * | 1966-11-23 | 1969-07-08 | Corillium Corp | Chromium plating process |
| US3661733A (en) * | 1966-01-18 | 1972-05-09 | Wilhehm Roggendorf | Chromium electroplating |
| US11639552B2 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2023-05-02 | Lacks Enterprises, Inc. | Method for creating multiple electrical current pathways on a work piece |
-
0
- FR FR754299D patent/FR754299A/fr not_active Expired
-
1933
- 1933-07-28 DE DES110357D patent/DE608757C/de not_active Expired
- 1933-07-28 US US682707A patent/US1985308A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1933-07-28 GB GB21303/33A patent/GB410645A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2415724A (en) * | 1936-10-15 | 1947-02-11 | Frank H Beall | Chromium plating |
| US3418220A (en) * | 1963-08-26 | 1968-12-24 | Roggendorf Wilhelm | Electrodeposition of chromium and duplex micro-crack chromium coatings |
| US3661733A (en) * | 1966-01-18 | 1972-05-09 | Wilhehm Roggendorf | Chromium electroplating |
| US3442777A (en) * | 1966-06-20 | 1969-05-06 | Corillium Corp | Chromium plating process |
| US3454474A (en) * | 1966-11-23 | 1969-07-08 | Corillium Corp | Chromium plating process |
| US11639552B2 (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2023-05-02 | Lacks Enterprises, Inc. | Method for creating multiple electrical current pathways on a work piece |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB410645A (en) | 1934-05-24 |
| DE608757C (de) | 1935-01-31 |
| FR754299A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1933-11-02 |
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